Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons^™

Ontogeny And Intervals Of Development In Five Reef-Associated Species Of Blenny From The Northern Gulf Of Mexico (Teleostei: Blenniidae), James G. Ditty

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

I examined patterns and timing of ontogeny and relative growth in five species of blenny (Teleostei: Blenniidae) from the northern Gulf of Mexico by assigning a suite of discrete character state scores to ontogenetic events (10 external traits; 218 total specimens). This is the first study to evaluate developmental patterns in reef-associated fishes relative to the timing of metamorphosis and settlement by applying scaling techniques and statistical methods to quantify, differentiate, and select criteria for defining intervals of development across taxa. Blennies settle at a common state of ontogeny and share a common pattern of body and fin/cirrus growth. Three …

Hydrodynamics And Freshwater Diversion Within Barataria Basin, Dongho Park

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

In order to understand the physical processes in the Barataria estuary, a previously developed two-dimensional, depth-integrated hydrodynamic model is applied to simulate estuarine processes. The equations for conservation of mass and momentum predict specific physical processes when forced by tidal and salinity variations at the open boundaries, wind forcing patterns, precipitation and evaporation over the model domain, and freshwater runoff as point sources. This study is focused on examining the impact of freshwater dispersion from the freshwater sources. Thus, a hydrologic model was developed to estimate runoff. Furthermore grid size was reduced, a new advective code added, and baroclinic effects …

Derivation Of A Tasselled Cap Transformation Based On Landsat 7 At-Satellite Reflectance, C. Huang, Wylie L. Yang, Collin Homer, G. Zylstra

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

A new tasselled cap transformation based on Landsat 7 at-satellite reflectance was developed. This transformation is most appropriate for regional applications where atmospheric correction is not feasible. The brightness, greenness and wetness of the derived transformation collectively explained over 97% of the spectral variance of the individual scenes used in this study.

Strontium Isotopic Signatures Of The Streams And Lakes Of Taylor Valley, Southern Victoria Land, Antarctica: Chemical Weathering In A Polar Climate, W. B. Lyons, Carmen A. Nezat, Larry V. Benson, Thomas D. Bullen, Elizabeth Y. Graham, Jesicca Kidd, Kathleen A. Welch, James M. Thomas

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

We have collected and analyzed a series of water samples from three closed-basin lakes (Lakes Bonney, Fryxell, and Hoare) in Taylor Valley, Antarctica, and the streams that flow into them. In all three lakes, the hypolimnetic waters have different ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios than the surface waters, with the deep water of Lakes Fryxell and Hoare being less radiogenic than the surface waters. The opposite occurs in Lake Bonney. The Lake Fryxell isotopic ratios are lower than modern-day ocean water and most of the whole-rock ratios of the surrounding geologic materials. A conceivable source of Sr to the system …

Organochlorine Chemical Residues In Fish From The Mississippi River Basin, 1995, C.J. Schmitt

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

µ≤≥

Fish were collected in late 1995 from 34 National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program (NCBP) stations and 13 National Water Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) stations in the Mississippi River basin (MRB) and in late 1996 from a reference site in West Virginia. Four composite samples, each comprising (nominally) 10 adult common carp (Cyprinus carpio) or black bass (Micropterus spp.) of the same sex, were collected from each site and analyzed for organochlorine chemical residues by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. At the NCBP stations, which are located on relatively large rivers, concentrations of organochlorine chemical residues were generally lower than …

A Procedural Evaluation Of An Analytic-Deliberative Process: The Columbia River Comprehensive Impact Assessment, Aimee Guglielmo Kinney, Thomas M. Leschine

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

The U.S. Department of Energy's Columbia River Comprehensive Impact Assessment (CRCIA) was an ambitious attempt to direct its cleanup of the Hanford Nuclear Reservation toward the most significant risks to the Columbia River resulting from past plutonium production. DOE's approach was uncommonly open, including tribal, regulatory agency, and other Hanford interest group representatives on the board that was to develop the assessment approach. The CRCIA process had attributes of the ``analytic-deliberative'' process for risk assessment recommended by the National Research Council. Nevertheless, differences between the DOE and other participants over what was meant by the term ``comprehensive'' in the group's …

Modeling The Biogeochemical Cycle Of Selenium In The San Francisco Bay, Shannon L. Meseck

OES Theses and Dissertations

Due to recent concerns about selenium toxicity in the San Francisco Bay and the roles of refinery and San Joaquin River inputs on the selenium cycle, the model ECoS 3 (distributed from Plymouth Marine Laboratory, United Kingdom) was modified to simulate the biogeochemical cycle of selenium in the Northern Reach. The model is designed to simulate salinity, total suspended material, phytoplankton concentrations, dissolved selenium and its speciation (selenite, selenate, and organic selenide), and particulate selenium and its speciation (selenite + selenate, elemental selenium, and organic selenide). Actual data from 1999 were used to calibrate the model, while data from other …

Quantification Of Land-Use Impact On Stream Water Quality, Scott Dennis, Indrajeet Chaubey, Brian Haggard

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Accelerated eutrophication of Beaver Lake in northwest Arkansas is a major environmental concern. When developing watershed-management plans to protect lake water quality, it is important that linkages among land-use activities and water quality of tributary streams be quantified. This study assessed longitudinal base-flow and storm-flow water quality at War Eagle Creek and quantified linkages between stream water quality and land-use conditions within the War Eagle Creek sub-watershed of the Beaver Lake watershed. We collected six water samples: three from base-flow conditions and three from storm-flow conditions during Spring 2002. In general, concentrations of nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), total N (TN), total …

Circulation, Vol. 8, No. 3, Center For Coastal Physical Oceanography, Old Dominion University, Arnoldo Valle-Levinson

CCPO Circulation

Winter 2002 issue of CCPO Circulation featuring article "High School Students Learn by Direct Experiences on the Effects of Recent Drought on the Water Properties of a Subtributary to the Chesapeake Bay" by Arnoldo Valle-Levinson

Response Of Anchovy (Engaulis Ringens) Off Northern Chile To The 1997-1999 El Niño-La Niña Sequence, José L. Blanco, Patricio Barria, Jorge Castillo, Larry P. Atkinson

CCPO Publications

No abstract provided.

Wintertime Shoreward Near-Surface Currents South Of Cape Hatteras, Dana K. Savidge

CCPO Publications

[1] Cross-isobath flow on continental shelves is of interest for a variety of reasons. Near Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, the transport of larval organisms, pollutants, and oceanic carbon budget constituents to and from the adjacent Albemarle and Pamlico Sounds may depend critically on cross-isobath currents. Shoreward currents in the near-surface waters south of Cape Hatteras are documented herein, on the basis of continuous 2-year time series, encompassing all or part of three consecutive winters. Energetic shoreward currents exist similar to30% of the time from midfall through late spring. These currents are evident over the 20 and 35 m isobaths along …

Variation In The Position Of The Upwelling Front On The Oregon Shelf, Jay A. Austin, John A. Barth

CCPO Publications

As part of an experiment to study wind-driven coastal circulation, 17 hydrographic surveys of the middle to inner shelf region off the coast of Newport, OR (44.65°N, from roughly the 90 m isobath to the 10 m isobath) were performed during Summer 1999 with a small, towed, undulating vehicle. The cross-shelf survey data were combined with data from several other surveys at the same latitude to study the relationship between upwelling intensity and wind stress field. A measure of upwelling intensity based on the position of the permanent pycnocline is developed. This measure is designed so as to be insensitive …

Hydrographic Conditions Off Northern Chile During The 1996-1998 La Niña And El Niño Events, Jose Luis Blanco, Mary-Elena Carr, Andrew C. Thomas, P. Ted Strub

CCPO Publications

The evolution of oceanographic conditions in the upwelling region off northern Chile (18°-24°S) between 1996 and 1998 (including the 1997-1998 El Niño) is presented using hydrographic measurements acquired on quarterly cruises of the Chilean Fisheries Institute, with sea surface temperature (SST), sea level, and wind speeds from Arica (18.5°S), Iquique (20.5°S), and Antofagasta (23.5°S) and a time series of vertical temperature profiles off Iquique. Spatial patterns of sea surface temperature and salinity from May 1996 to March 1997 followed a normal seasonal progression, though conditions were anomalously cool and fresh. Starting in March 1997, positive anomalies in sea level and …

1998 Debris Flows Near The Yakima River, Kittitas County, Washington—Some Geomorphic Implications, Martin R. Kaatz

Geography Faculty Scholarship

The geomorphic consequences of debris flows and their asso- ciated storms have been documented in many parts of the United States. Few, if any, have been studied and documented in central Washington. The importance of recurrent debris flows in sculpting Washington landscapes has not been generally recognized compared to other processes. Arid and semi-arid regions are particularly vulnerable to debris flows triggered by sudden intense thunderstorms. Most such areas are sparsely populated and eyewitnesses are uncommon. By contrast, semi-arid central Washington is relatively well popu- lated, and there are likely to be people who have observed the storms. Such witnesses …

Harmonising Chart And Navigation-Related Information On Ecdis, Lee Alexander

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

ECDIS is a real-time navigation system that integrates a variety of chart and navigation-related information. More than simply a replacement for a paper nautical chart, ECDIS is capable of continuously determining a vessel's position in relation to land, charted objects, aids-to-navigation, and unseen hazards. Increasingly, ECDIS is being used for both navigation and collision-avoidance tasks. There is growing concern about the display of ever-increasing amounts of both chart and navigation-related information. When it comes to using ECDIS, displaying more information is not necessarily better. Too much information (i.e., clutter) may only lead to confusion. In this regard, there is need …

Improvement To The International Bathymetric Chart Of The Arctic Ocean (Ibcao): Updating The Data Base And The Grid Model, Martin Jakobsson, Norman Cherkis

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

The project to develop the IBCAO grid model was initiated in 1997 with the objective of providing to the Arctic research community an improved portrayal of the seabed north of 64-deg N, in a form suitable for digital manipulation and visualization. The model was constructed from a compilation of all single-beam and multibeam echo soundings that were available for the polar region, complemented where appropriate by newly released contour information. The grid features a cell size of 2.5 x 2.5 km on a polar stereographic projection; it is constructed on the WGS 84 datum, with true scale at 75-deg N. …

The State Of Eritrea Ministry Of Land, Water And Environment, Department Of Environment, Eritrea

East Africa

It is widely agreed today that anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere is creating imbalances in the natural cycle of the earth’s climate, best known as climate change. Scientific evidence has shown that the earth has been increasingly getting warmer and warmer. Nine of the ten warmest years, for example, have occurred since 1990. The resultant global change of climate has been of major concern to the international community and the adoption of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1992 at the Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, was a big step …

Seafloor Characterization From Spatial Variation Of Multibeam Backscatter Vs. Grazing Angle, Tianhang Hou, Lloyd C. Huff, Yuri Rzhanov, Larry A. Mayer

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Backscatter vs. grazing angle, which can be extracted from multibeam backscatter data, depend on characteristics of the multibeam system and the angular responses of backscatter that are characteristic of different seafloor properties, such as sediment hardness and roughness. Changes in backscatter vs. grazing angle that are contributed by the multibeam system normally remain fixed over both space and time. Therefore, they can readily be determined and removed from backscatter data. The variation of backscatter vs. grazing angle due to the properties of sediments will vary from location to location, as sediment type changes. The sediment component of variability can be …

Volumes And Areas Of Early Weichselian Ice Dammed Lakes In Northern Russia, Martin Jakobsson, Jan Mangerud, Valery Astakov, John Inge Svendsen

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.

Dark Production: A Significant Source Of Oceanic Cos, M. Von Hobe, Gregory A. Cutter, A. J. Kettle, M. O. Andreae

OES Faculty Publications

Carbonyl sulfide (COS) in air and dissolved in seawater was determined during a cruise in August 1999 in the Sargasso Sea in the northwest Atlantic Ocean. Dissolved concentrations at the sea surface displayed only a weak diel cycle with a mean of 8.6 ± 2.8 pmol dm⁻³ owing to low abundance of photochemical precursors and high temperatures causing rapid hydrolysis. Depth profiles measured over the oceanic mixed layer revealed significant vertical gradients of COS concentration with higher values at the surface, suggesting that the rate of photochemical production at the surface exceeds the rate of vertical mixing. The mean …

One-Gas Models With Height-Dependent Mean Molecular Weight: Effects On Gravity Wave Propagation, R. L. Walterscheid, Michael P. Hickey Ph.D.

Publications

Many models of the thermosphere employ the one-gas approximation where the governing equations apply only to the total gas and the physical properties of the gas that depend on composition (mean molecular weight and specific heats) are height-dependent. It is further assumed that the physical properties of the gas are locally constant; thus motion-induced perturbations are nil. However, motion in a diffusively separated atmosphere perturbs local values of mean molecular weight and specific heats. These motion-induced changes are opposed by mutual diffusion of the constituent gases, which attempts to restore diffusive equilibrium. Assuming that composition is locally constant is equivalent …

Reflection Of A Long-Period Gravity Wave Observed In The Nightglow Over Arecibo On May 8–9, 1989?, Michael P. Hickey Ph.D.

Publications

During the Arecibo Initiative for Dynamics of the Atmosphere (AIDA) campaign in 1989 a characteristic of gravity wave perturbations observed in mesopause region airglow emissions was that airglow brightness fluctuations and airglow-derived temperature fluctuations often occurred either in phase or in antiphase. This stimulated the development of a theory suggesting that such in-phase fluctuations were most probably the result of strong reflections occurring in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region. Recent examination of a particular wave event and application of simple WKB-type theory has appeared to support this hypothesis. Here we use a full-wave model and a WKB-type model, each …

Field Evaluation Of Sounding Accuracy In Deep Water Multibeam Swath Bathymetry, Christian De Moustier

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

A new Kongsberg-Simrad EM120 multibeam echo-sounder has been installed aboard Scripps Institution of Oceanography's Research Vessel Roger Revelle in January 2001. This system can map reliably a 20 km swath of seafloor in 4000 m water depth with 191 soundings per ping. Such a wide swath width demands highly accurate (<0.05' RMS) roll information from a motion sensor, and makes estimating sounding accuracy across the swath an interesting challenge. It is shown that good accuracy estimates can be obtained by collecting data on station under control of the GPS-aided dynamic positioning system usually available on most modern long-range oceanographic vessels. A number of motion sensors, with RMS roll accuracy specifications ranging from 0.05' to 0.01' ,were tested with the EM120 sonar on station in 3800 m to 4000 m water depths. Unexpectedly, they yielded roughly the same depth uncertainty as a function of receive beam angle. This result might be explained by synchronization errors between the attitude data and the sonar data leading to beam pointing errors, other types of beam pointing errors, a range of roll accuracy narrower than specified for the motion sensors, or a combination of these factors

Ecdis Development Laboratory And Navigation Technology Demonstration Center, Lee Alexander, Maxim F. Van Norden, Charles M. Fralick

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

The U.S. Navy is undergoing a major transition from traditional, paper chart navigation to computer-based electronic charting. The Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) has mandated that all Navy ships will navigate strictly through electronic means by FY07. However, due to some recent groundings, the Navy is now striving to accelerate the full implementation of electronic navigation by FY04. The Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) is making a concerted effort to support this transition with upgrades to state-of-the-art survey ships, instrumentation, and data processing equipment. NAVOCEANO is increasing its capability to rapidly collect and process hydrographic survey data, and to quickly produce …

Geozui3d: Data Fusion For Interpreting Oceanographic Data, Colin Ware, Matthew D. Plumlee, Roland J. Arsenault, Larry A. Mayer, Shep M. Smith Lt, Donald H. House

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

GeoZui3D stands for Geographic Zooming User Interface. It is a new visualization software system designed for interpreting multiple sources of 3D data. The system supports gridded terrain models, triangular meshes, curtain plots, and a number of other display objects. A novel center of workspace interaction method unifies a number of aspects of the interface. It creates a simple viewpoint control method, it helps link multiple views, and is ideal for stereoscopic viewing. GeoZui3D has a number of features to support real-time input. Through a CORBA interface external entities can influence the position and state of objects in the display. Extra …

Hypsometry And Volume Of The Arctic Ocean And Its Constituent's Seas, Martin Jakobsson

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.

Seawater Temperature Trends At Usa Tide Gauge Sites, George A. Maul, Andria M. Davis, Jeffrey W. Simmons

Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Seawater temperatures have been measured at United States tide gauges throughout most of the 20th century. All available records have been digitized, and the longest 14 have been analyzed by linear least-square regression. The largest positive trend is from Boston MA (+3.6 ± 0.4°C per century), and the largest negative trend is at Charleston SC (-0.1 ± 0.3°C per century). No consistent latitudinal or eastcoast vs. west-coast patterns are discernable, but air temperature trends are typically greater than seawater changes.

Illinois River 2000 Pollutant Loads At Arkansas 59 Bridge, Marc A. Nelson, Thomas S. Soerens

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Automatic water samplers and a U. S. Geological Survey gauging station were established in 1995 on the main stem of the Illinois River at the Arkansas Highway 59 Bridge. Since that time, continuous stage and discharge measurements and water quality sampling have been used to determine pollutant concentrations and loads in the Arkansas portion of the Illinois River. This report represents the results from the measurement and sampling for January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2000

Identification Of Species Composition In The Hong Kong Shark Fin Trade Using Genetic Techniques And Trader Records, Shelley C. Clarke, Mahmood S. Shivji, Murdoch K. Mcallister

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Proceedings, Presentations, Speeches, Lectures

Trade in shark fins represents one of the most serious threats to shark populations worldwide. Previous studies have indicated that certain types of fins are more valued than others, but due to the largely unregulated and often covert nature of the trade, information on actual species composition has been anecdotal and unverified. In order to examine the potential impacts of the shark fin trade on the abundance of various shark species, a study of the species composition in the world’s largest shark fin trading center, Hong Kong, was initiated. Several approaches for distinguishing the species identity of dried fins were …

Groundwater Study Of The Kellerberrin Townsite, T Cattlin

Resource management technical reports

A groundwater study of the townsite of Kellerberrin. It aimed to accelerate the implementation of effective salinity management options. The study consisted of drilling investation and installation of a piezometer network, a pumping test, groundwater flow modelling and a flood risk analysis.