Data Science Commons^™

Entropic Foundation Of Finance And Physics: Securities Price Dynamics And Quantum Theory, Mohammad Abedi

Electronic Theses & Dissertations (2024 - present)

In many scientific and financial contexts, we must reason and make predictions under conditions of incomplete information. This dissertation develops Entropic Dynamics (ED) as a unified framework for deriving dynamical laws directly from principles of inference. Within this approach, probability distributions represent states of knowledge, and their evolution is determined through entropy maximization subject to relevant constraints. This leads to a novel concept of entropic time and a formulation of dynamics as an inferential process. In this talk, I will present how ED provides a common foundation across multiple domains. In physics, quantum dynamics for particles and scalar fields in …

Identifying Relevant Covariates In Rna-Seq Analysis By Pseudo-Variable Augmentation, Yet Nguyen, Dan Nettleton

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) technology allows for the identification of differentially expressed genes, which are genes whose mean transcript abundance levels vary across conditions. In practice, RNA-seq datasets often include covariates that are of primary interest in addition to a set of covariates that are subject to selection. Some of these covariates may be relevant to gene expression levels, while others may be irrelevant. Ignoring relevant covariates or attempting to adjust for the effect of irrelevant covariates can compromise the identification of differentially expressed genes. To address this issue, we propose a variable selection method that uses pseudo-variables to control the expected …

Ai-Assisted Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy For Cardiovascular Diagnostics: From Plasmonic Materials To Clinical Translation, Anju Joshi, Gymama Slaughter

Center for Bioelectronics Publications

Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has emerged as a powerful analytical technique, offering molecular fingerprint specificity and ultrasensitive detection of cardiac biomarkers. Recent advances in plasmonic nanostructures, surface functionalization strategies, and flexible sensing platforms have significantly improved the analytical performance of SERS-based biosensors. In parallel, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning has enabled robust interpretation of complex spectral datasets, facilitating automated biomarker classification and improved diagnostic accuracy in heterogeneous biological environments. Despite these advances, the field remains fragmented, with limited integration between nanomaterial design, biomarker selection, and data-driven analysis, and persistent challenges related to reproducibility, standardization, and clinical validation. …

Beyond Discrete Indicators: Modeling Intersectional Flood Vulnerability, Sina Razzaghi Asl, Eric Tate, Christopher T. Emrich, Md Asif Rahman, Kaeleb Royster

Political Science & Geography Faculty Publications

Social vulnerability to flooding is shaped by intersectional social marginalization, yet most quantitative assessments employ indicators of single populations. This study applies spatial machine learning to examine how the intersectional social vulnerability indicators of poverty-race, poverty-housing tenure, and race-housing tenure compare with traditional discrete indicators of single populations in predicting flood exposure in California. Using geographically weighted random forests and partial dependence plots, we model spatial heterogeneity and non-linear relationships between social vulnerability and exposure. We quantified flood exposure using a population-adjusted measure derived from building footprints and modeled 500-year fluvial and pluvial flood hazard. The results reveal distinct explanatory …

Spectral Analysis Of Traffic Accidents In New York's Capital Region, Michael Barr

Electronic Theses & Dissertations (2024 - present)

In this paper we estimate the spectral density of traffic accident events in the Capital Distict, NY area using a band-pass filter known as the Kolmogorov-Zurbenko Fourier Transform (KZFT). The source data is provided by Moosavi, et al. (2019) and originally captured from various public entities and sensors in the road network. Spectral density estimation with KZFT suppresses noise to reveal the constituent frequencies embedded in the noisy signal. Signal reconstruction based on KZFT produces an approximate weekly accident arrivals for this noisy signal, or in other words a pattern which is proportionate to the event expectation viewed over a …

An Analysis Of Slms For Machine Translation Of Healthcare Documents, Wyatt Clausen

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

The language barrier creates significant healthcare challenges for patients who struggle with English. While large language models (LLMs) have advanced machine translation, their high computational costs, environmental impact, and risk of data breaches have raised concerns. Small language models (SLMs) can address these concerns and be further adapted to specific tasks through parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods, including Quantized Low-Rank Adaptation (QLoRA). This study compares the Spanish-to-English translation quality of two 7-billion-parameter SLMs, Mistral and Llama 2 7B, in the medical domain, using BLEU, chrF, and COMET as evaluation metrics. It further investigates whether QLoRA fine-tuning and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) on …

Cross-Temporal Statistical Approaches For Evaluating Predictor-Outcome Relationships, Jeff Joseph

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

Central auditory function is linked with cognitive deficits, but few research projects use existing statistical approaches or develop new ones to forecast cognitive deficits using the results of central auditory tests. To address this limitation, we use a series of statistical learning frameworks for predicting a child’s cognitive abilities based on his/her central auditory performances and demographic factors. Two key challenges exist. First, children may start the study at a time when they are unable to perform the central auditory tests or cognitive tests. Second, cognitive performance is age-dependent, particularly in the early formative years of childhood and adolescence. To …

Swimming In Uncertainty: Filling Data Gaps And Providing An Educational Platform For Beach Water Quality At Tybee Island, Georgia, Lukas Roberson

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

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Swimming in beaches water contaminated with high levels of bacteria can make you sick. Current monitoring at the public beaches on Tybee Island consists of weekly monitoring and enumeration of fecal indicator bacteria that takes 24 hours for results. If the number of bacteria exceed regulatory limits, a public health advisory is issued, and affected waters are retested until …

Hybrid Patchtst And Physics-Based Framework For Predicting Lithium-Ion Battery State Of Health, Pavan Ravuri

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Accurately forecasting the state of health of lithium-ion batteries is critical for improving performance, reliability and lifetime in energy storage applications. Battery capacity degrades into a nonlinear pattern over cycling due to electrochemical processes where neither purely data driven nor physics-based models can capture alone. This study looks at a hybrid framework combining that PatchTST patch-based transformer architecture with physics-based features derived from the solid electrolyte interphase and pseudo two-dimensional models. Physics inspired proxy features were computed from cycling data and concatenated with electrochemical measurements as added input channels before patch segmentation. There are five model configurations that were evaluated …

From Lap To Map: How Musical Scale, Place, And Play Drive The Interconnected Mario Kart World, Cameron Cummins

Honors Undergraduate Theses

With their deserts, castles, and ghost houses, the environments of Super Mario games are colorful, whimsical, and charming, but why are they so compelling, and what happens when our analysis of these environments extends beyond individual levels to expansive game worlds? Drawing on Cresswell’s theory of place (2014) and recent work on musical place-building in Mario Kart 8 (Heazlewood-Dale, 2024), I propose a spectrum between localized and globalized scale in games. As game environments become increasingly globalized, the music may be similarly altered to account for this shift in scale. Consequently, players may then encounter a broader, less musically congruent …

Lost In The Language: Data Breaches And The Strategic Fog Of Risk Disclosures, Ling Tuo, Shipeng Han

Accounting Faculty Publications

This study examines whether firms strategically adjust the readability of Item 1A (“Risk Factors”) disclosures following data breaches. Using U.S. firm-year observations from 2006 to 2023, we find that data breaches are associated with a significant decline in Item 1A readability. This decline is not accompanied by a meaningful increase in informational content; instead, post-breach disclosures exhibit higher syntactic complexity, more positive tone, and lower textual similarity to prior and industry peers' filings, consistent with strategic obfuscation rather than transparent reporting. The readability decline is amplified among firms facing higher litigation risk but attenuated among firms with stronger reputations for …

Healthcare Digital Twins: A Methodological Literature Review On Integrating Iot And Ai For Personalized Medicine And Predictive Care, Sara Shahnazinia, Mahsa Tavasoli, Abdolhossein Sarrafzadeh, Ali Karimoddini

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Digital Twin (DT) technology has the potential to revolutionize healthcare delivery and enhance patient outcomes through personalized and precision medicine, simulation models for operations and interventions, and drug discovery. However, successful implementation of DTs in Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) healthcare is contingent upon addressing key challenges such as privacy, ethics, and robust data security. This paper presents a methodological literature review of DT applications in healthcare, systematically analyzing the current state of research, key enabling technologies, and implementation challenges. The review summarizes DT categorization approaches (application-based, technology-based, and real-time function-based); delineates core DT components such as …

Multimodal Machine Learning For Alzheimer's Disease Classification Using Adni Biomarker Fusion, Hesameddin Mostaghimi, Hamid R. Okhravi, Bahar Niknejad, Daniel A. Cohen, Michel A. Audette, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Despite ongoing advances, accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains challenging due to its multifactorial nature, comorbidities, and clinical heterogeneity. Accordingly, approaches that combine multimodal data may improve AD classification by integrating complementary information. To investigate this, we evaluated classification performance using a preprocessed ADNI-3 dataset comprising a shared set of clinical/cognitive features along with four imaging modality-based cohorts: trimodal (MRI + amyloid PET + tau PET), MRI + amyloid PET, MRI + tau PET, and MRI-only. We trained a range of supervised machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) classifiers using stratified five-fold cross-validation and evaluated performance using accuracy, …

Generalized Inverter Fault Detection Using Normalized Current Features And A Lightweight Bilstm Network, Mohammad Zamani Khaneghah, Mohamad Alzayed, Hicham Chaoui

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Fault detection and diagnosis of three-phase inverter-fed motor drives is essential for ensuring system reliability, safety, and continuous operation in applications such as electric vehicles and industrial automation. This paper proposes a data-driven fault detection framework based on normalized current features and a lightweight bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) network which can be generalized to different motor power rating in the same controller system. A compact set of six time-domain features, consisting of the mean and root-mean-square (RMS) values of the phase currents, is extracted and normalized with respect to the average RMS value. This normalization effectively removes dependency on …

An Integrated Data-Driven Framework For Arctic Shipping: Analyzing Vessel Speed, Environmental And Ecological Factors Through Innovative Statistical Spatio-Temporal Methods, Inverse Optimization And Machine Learning, Mauli Pant

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation develops an integrated data-driven framework to analyze vessel navigation and ecological risk in the United States Arctic from 2010 to 2019. As environmental change and maritime activity increase in the region, understanding how vessels respond to dynamic conditions and how those responses interact with marine ecosystems has become increasingly important. A central theme of this dissertation is the treatment of vessel speed as both an observed outcome and a decision variable reflecting trade- offs among operational, environmental, and ecological factors. The first chapter develops a predictive framework for vessel speed over ground (SOG) using Gaussian Process Boosting (GPBoost), …

An Empirical Comparison Of K-Nearest-Neighbors And Logistic Regression Classification Models, Jackson Cushing

Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026

This thesis presents an empirical comparison of two classification methods: Logistic Regression and K Nearest Neighbors (KNN). The primary objective of this research is to evaluate the strengths and limitations of each method when applied to real-world datasets. Several publicly available datasets on diabetes, breast cancer, heart attack risk, and cardiovascular disease, were analyzed. For each dataset, K Nearest Neighbors models were implemented in the same way logistic regression had already been applied. The results demonstrate that while logistic regression offers interpretable parameter estimates and performs well when the underlying predictor and outcome relationship is approximately linear, however KNN can …

Machine Learning-Based Intrusion Detection System For Iot Networks Using The Rt-Iot 2022 Dataset, Bukunmi Ebenezer Afolabi

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed modern computing by enabling seamless connectivity among heterogeneous devices across diverse application domains. However, this increased interconnectivity has significantly enlarged the attack surface of IoT networks, exposing them to a wide range of sophisticated cyber threats. Conventional security mechanisms often lack the capability to detect emerging attacks in real time, thereby necessitating the development of intelligent Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) capable of accurately identifying malicious network activities. This study developed and evaluated a machine learning-based intrusion detection framework for multiclass IoT attack detection using the RT-IoT2022 dataset. The dataset …

A Novel Federated Llm Framework For Distributed Traffic Modelling In Intelligent Transportation Systems, Seerat Kaur

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) depend on accurate traffic prediction to support congestion management, infrastructure planning, and real-time operational decisions. Despite substantial progress in data-driven forecasting, several challenges continue to limit practical deployment: traffic data is distributed across independent regional authorities, making centralized aggregation infeasible, standard federated aggregation strategies ignore traffic-specific characteristics that meaningfully affect model quality, and existing models produce only numerical outputs without interpretable reasoning that urban planners can act upon. This thesis addresses these challenges through four contributions that collectively advance privacy-preserving, explainable, and scalable traffic forecasting.

The first contribution provides a systematic review of 129 peer-reviewed publications, …

An Explainable Transformer Framework For Sentiment Analysis In Aviation Workforce Data, Sovon Chakraborty, Protiva Das, Fahmid Al Farid, Fuyad Hasan Bhoyan, Farig Yousuf Sadeque, Jia Uddin, Hezerul Abdul Karim

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Aviation is one of the predominant sectors that contribute significantly to the global economy. With the advent of technology, this industry is witnessing a paradigm shift towards data-driven approaches. The morale of the airline employees is barely noticed, which causes fatigue and depression. Furthermore, these mental health issues can be active reasons for destructive accidents. In this research, the authors are focused on collecting insightful information on aviation employees from Glassdoor.com. Moreover, the authors focus on analyzing the sentiments of the employees of renowned aviation companies. Primarily, the authors scraped necessary data from Glassdoor.com and created a dataset named JetJobJoy …

Quantum Machine Learning Models: Principles, Frameworks, And Computational Challenges, K. A. Jayabalaji, S. Venkata Anand, Dineshkumar Rajendran, Prasanta Chatterjee Biswas, Sardor Omonov, Rubaid Ashfaq

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Quantum machine learning (QML) has become an optimistic avenue of harnessing quantum computation in data-driven modeling, especially of issues with high dimensionality and complicated correlations. Current methods are generally based on fixed or over-parameterized quantum circuits, and hence restricted to scalability as well as unproductive optimization in real-world hardware. This chapter introduces a hybrid quantum-classical learning system that is adaptive and provides principled quantum data encoding, architecture-conscious variational circuit design and resource-optimal optimization. The technique is based on the concepts of quantum architecture search and subspace-preserving transformations to trade expressiveness with trainability, and discretize the quantum model into a classical …

Design And Analysis Of Modern Quantum Neural Network Architectures For Intelligent Systems, Lakshmi Chandrakanth Kasireddy, Prabhakara Rao Kapula, Dineshkumar Rajendran, Neha Bharani, Srikanth Pulipeti, Islombek Khushvaktov

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Quantum neural networks (QNNs) offer a principled pathway for integrating quantum computation with machine learning through superposition- and entanglement-based representations. This chapter proposes an architecture-aware design and evaluation framework for modern QNNs, emphasizing robustness and system feasibility alongside predictive performance. Multiple architectures variational QNNs, quantum convolutional neural networks, tensor-network hybrids, and fully quantum models—are assessed under a unified protocol. Experimental analysis shows that the proposed architecture-search–guided QNN achieves 91.8% classification accuracy and an F1-score of 0.914, outperforming fixed-template variational QNNs by approximately 5.6 percentage points. Under depolarizing noise with probability p = 0.10, the proposed model retains 85.3% accuracy, whereas …

Cognitive Prosthetic: An Ai-Enabled Multimodal System For Episodic Recall In Knowledge Work, Lawrence Obiuwevwi, Krzystof J. Rechowicz, Vikas Ashok, Sachin Shetty, Sampath Jayarathna

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Modern knowledge workplaces increasingly strain human episodic memory as individuals navigate fragmented attention, overlapping meetings, and multimodal information streams. Existing workplace tools provide partial support through note-taking or analytics but rarely integrate cognitive, physiological, and attentional context into retrievable memory representations. This paper presents the Cognitive Prosthetic Multimodal System (CPMS)—an AI-enabled proof-of-concept designed to support episodic recall in knowledge work through structured episodic capture and natural language retrieval. CPMS synchronizes speech transcripts, physiological signals, and gaze behavior into temporally aligned, JSON-based episodic records processed locally for privacy. Beyond data logging, the system includes a web-based retrieval interface that allows users …

Topic Modeling The Cuny Graduate Center's Dissertations And Theses, Michael Mandiberg

Open Educational Resources

This 4 week module is designed for Data Analysis, Data Visualization, and Digital Humanities courses at the MA/MS or advanced 400-level undergraduate level. It introduces students to textual analysis with topic modeling and requires a solid foundation in Python. The module uses Gensim and a Colab notebook to introduce a standard text analysis workflow used in Digital Humanities, archival research, and exploratory data analysis.

Students build a topic model describing 19,000 CUNY Graduate Center dissertations and theses. They work with an unexplored dataset to load and explore the data, prepare the corpus, train and evaluate a topic model, and interpret, …

Computational And Ai Frameworks For Identifying Key Regulatory Genes And Their Target Genes In Plants And Humans, Md Khairul Islam

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

This dissertation presents computational and AI-driven frameworks for identifying key regulatory genes and their downstream targets across plant and human biological systems. Three studies address distinct challenges in genomic regulation using advanced machine learning and bioinformatics approaches.

The first study introduces DyGAF (Dynamic Gene Attention Focus), a dual-attention transformer framework that identifies and ranks disease-relevant biomarker genes by simultaneously modeling independent molecular responses and interdependent regulatory network behavior. Two attention models provide complementary perspectives on gene importance and are fused through a novel combination metric. Applied to COVID-19 nasopharyngeal swab profiles, the attention-weighted representations achieved 94.23% classification accuracy, high sensitivity, …

Semi-Supervised Learning For Annotation And Representation Of Single-Cell Rna Sequencing And Spatial Transcriptomics Data, Haoran Liu

Dissertations

Semi-supervised learning has emerged as a powerful paradigm for analyzing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics (ST) data, where full annotation is often costly or impractical. scRNA-seq technologies measure the expression of thousands of genes across tens of thousands of cells, whereas ST additionally captures the spatial coordinates of gene expression within intact tissue sections. Annotation is a key step in both scRNA-seq and ST analysis pipelines, aiming to identify cell types, spatial domains, and latent biological structures. However, most existing annotation approaches rely on separate clustering methods that are typically fully unsupervised and fail to leverage side information …

Beyond Words: A Systematic Multimodal Framework For Text, Images, And Extreme Helpfulness In Online Reviews, Alvaro J. Aguado Marin

Dissertations

Online product reviews have become increasingly multimodal, combining text with media-rich elements such as images. However, academic research has largely examined textual features in isolation, overlooking how visual content and its interaction with text shape perceived helpfulness. This dissertation addresses that gap by developing and empirically validating a comprehensive framework capturing how textual, visual, and contextual features collectively influence review evaluation. Grounded in the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) and extended through the Text-Image Elaboration Likelihood Model (TI-ELM), the framework advances understanding of how consumers process content from both user- and business-generated sources. It also lays the foundation for examining emerging …

Real-Time Deep Learning Detection Of Toraja Carving Motifs Using Yolo11m For Cultural Heritage Preservation, Herman Herman, Farid Wajdi Mufti, Abdul Rachman Manga, Haidawati Nasir

Knowledge Engineering and Data Science

Toraja carvings are an important part of Indonesia’s cultural heritage, rich in symbolic, aesthetic, and philosophical meaning. However, the identification and preservation of carving motifs still rely on subjective, time-consuming manual processes, limiting scalability and inconsistent knowledge transmission. From a Knowledge Engineering and Cognitive Data Science perspective, this challenge highlights the need for mechanisms that can transform visual cultural artifacts into structured, machine-interpretable knowledge. This study investigates the use of the YOLO11m model as a data-driven approach for modeling cultural knowledge through automated detection of three Toraja carving motifs: pa_tedong, pa_kapu_baka, and pa_manu_londongan using original images collected directly from traditional …

Construction And Data-Driven Analysis Of A Stochastic, Individual-Based Opioid Epidemiology Network Model, Leigh Bennett Pearcy, Owen Queen, Vincent Jodoin, Suzanne Lenhart, Christopher Strickland

Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Simulation with Applications

While substance use epidemiology has been an active area of mathematical research in recent years, the social and mental processes that are involved in the development of substance use disorders have presented challenges to advancing the epidemiological theory and how they differ from the contraction of pathogenic disease. Such distinction is especially pertinent in the context of the current United States opioid epidemic and its intersection with the recent COVID-19 pandemic, as both prescription drugs and social influence play major roles in the development of opioid use disorder. In this paper, we construct a stochastic network model capturing how individual …

Panda-Plus: Improved Dataset Of Prostate Whole Slide Images From Panda Challenge With Pixel-Level Expert Annotations, Spencer Hopson, Carson Mildon, Corbyn Kubalek, Joshua L. Ebbert, Ryan Vance, Lauren Laverty, Paul Urie, Dennis Della Corte

Faculty Publications

Artificial intelligence (AI)-based prostate cancer detection through whole slide images (WSIs) offers promising potential to address the global pathologist shortage while improving clinical consistency. Digital slides and improving image analysis methods encourage the creation of tools to aid in WSI classification. Despite promising advances, these tools are still limited by available training data. Current publicly available datasets, such as Kaggle's PANDA Challenge, while large in scale, rely on slide-level labels that may introduce noise and limit model reliability. Others contain detailed annotations, but are smaller in size due to manual processing efforts. In this work, we introduce PANDA-PLUS, a 546-image …

Enhancing Education Through Virtual Reality: A Comparative Study Of Vr And Traditional Learning Environments, Shrivardhan Atluri

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

No abstract provided.