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Articles 781 - 810 of 11583
Full-Text Articles in Plant Pathology
Preliminary Report On The Occurrence Of The Root And Stalk Rot Of Corn Caused By Pythium Gramincola Subrm. In Japan, T Sato, T Shimanuki, T Tsukiboshi
Preliminary Report On The Occurrence Of The Root And Stalk Rot Of Corn Caused By Pythium Gramincola Subrm. In Japan, T Sato, T Shimanuki, T Tsukiboshi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In the early 1980s, a new stalk rot of corn occurred in Kanto, Japan. The diseased plants drooped first, then wilted within a few days. The disease appeared mostly on plants at the dent stage in late summer and fall. The stalks of the affected plants looked apparently healthy, but softened in some intern odes just above the ground. Longitudinal section of this portion showed a soft rot of inner tissues; pith was first water-soaked and abundant in oogonia and inflated mycelia, then turned brown and disintegrated, leaving the vascular strands intact. Prior to the stalk rot, severe root rot …
Establishment And Productivity Of Perennial Ryegrass Improved By Control Of Fungi Pathogenic To Seedlings, R E. Falloon
Establishment And Productivity Of Perennial Ryegrass Improved By Control Of Fungi Pathogenic To Seedlings, R E. Falloon
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Results of investigations into effects of fungicide seed treatments on establishment, productivity and seedling disease of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) are reviewed. Seedling establishment from seed treated with protectant fungicides was increased compared with that from untreated seed. Seed treatment improved plant and sward productivity during the first year after establishment. Species of Fusarium and Pythium were virulent pathogens of young seedlings. Use of fungicide seed treatments as part of general pasture establishment practice is strongly recommended.
Recent Advances In The Understanding Of Anthracnose Of Stylosanthes In Tropical America, Jillian M. Lenne
Recent Advances In The Understanding Of Anthracnose Of Stylosanthes In Tropical America, Jillian M. Lenne
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Recent advances in the understanding of anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides), the most damaging disease of Stylosanthes spp., are described with reference to the tropical American lowlands. During the past seven years, anthracnose evaluations of promising Stylosanthes spp., at major screening and RIEPT sites throughout the tropical American lowlands have revealed that although anthracnose is present at all sites, its severity varies among species and across ecosystems. From 1978 to 1981, field screening of S. capitata in Colombia and Brazil, found 94.2% of accessions resistant to anthracnose in Colombia while 85.1 % were susceptible in Brazil. These findings together with …
Anthracnose On Native Florida Stylosanthes, J B. Brolmann, R M. Sonoda
Anthracnose On Native Florida Stylosanthes, J B. Brolmann, R M. Sonoda
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The current status of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc. on Stylosanthes spp. in Florida is discussed. The pathogen was probably imported since it was not found on native stands of Stylosanthes in Florida. The reaction of Florida Stylosanthes to C. gloeosporioides, now present in Florida, ranges from resistant to moderately affected. Some accessions of native Florida S. hamata (L.) Taub., unaffected by the disease, have potential for forage use.
Research On The Grassland Ecosystem In Inner Mongolia Of China And The Strategy Of Utilization, Shu Jiang
Research On The Grassland Ecosystem In Inner Mongolia Of China And The Strategy Of Utilization, Shu Jiang
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The strategy on grassland utilization based on regional vegetation investigation and longterm ecosystem research in the middle part of Innermongolia is described. Although there are some potential capacity for increasing livestock number by the estimation of the primary productivity measurement and some investigation data, but practically, the pasture in some places has been degraded even desertified caused by unreasonable utilization of overgrazing and agricultural cultivations. Therefore on the strategy, to transform the structure both of pastoral and rural area in lnnermongolia would be necessary, i.e. to introduce some means of plantation for artificial range establishing at some limited azonal places. …
A Microbial And Biochemical Study Of Grassland Under The Different Fertilization Practices, S Higashida, A Nishimune
A Microbial And Biochemical Study Of Grassland Under The Different Fertilization Practices, S Higashida, A Nishimune
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The understanding of nutrient transformation in soil must be based on a knowledge of soil microbial activities. In order to clarify the relationship between fertilization and microbial activity, some microbial and biochemical characteristics were studied in some soils collected from the grassland under different fertilization practices, which caused marked changes in the uppermost part of grassland soil. The experimental plot was located in the northern part of Hokkaido, and the characteristics examined included bacterial and fungal numbers obtained by the plate methods, hyphal length, and the decomposing activities of urea, fructose, glucose, starch and protein. Simple correlation analysis indicated that …
The Changes Of Population Structure Of Timothy (Phleum Pratense L.) In An Establishing Sward, H Sawada, T Takahashi, Ch Tsuda
The Changes Of Population Structure Of Timothy (Phleum Pratense L.) In An Establishing Sward, H Sawada, T Takahashi, Ch Tsuda
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
To study the changes of population structure in.an establishing sward of timothy, we carried out the field experiment, and the demography and the spatial distribution of timothy plants for about a half year. Plants decreased at expotential rate and the cohort of seedlings emerging until July was dominant at the last recording date. The frequency distribution of individual tiller number shifted to more right-skewed as plants grew. Large plants were liable to survive to the succeeding recording dates, and there were positive correlated relationship in the individual tiller number between recording dates, especially high between October and November (r=0.93). Plant …
Vegetative Reproduction From Node And Population Structure Of Timothy (Phleum Pratense L.) In A Pasture, H Sawada, S Hirano, Ch Tsuda
Vegetative Reproduction From Node And Population Structure Of Timothy (Phleum Pratense L.) In A Pasture, H Sawada, S Hirano, Ch Tsuda
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
We found out the vegetative reproduction from node in timothy. We examined the demography and the intra-population variation of this reproduction in a 17-year-old pasture, and the potential ability to reproduce under the wet and undisturbed greenhouse condition. Also, clone analysis using peroxidase isozyme was carried out to detect the distributional patterns of genets in the above pasture. A number of propagules were found, most had short life-span but a few grew to flower and recruited into the large size class. Most propagules derived from the top-vegetative elongated tillers (Abnormal tillers), which appeared in autumn. This reproduction occured frequently in …
The Effect Of Grass Tiller Density On The Performance Of White Clover, A J. Brereton, O T. Carton, A Conway
The Effect Of Grass Tiller Density On The Performance Of White Clover, A J. Brereton, O T. Carton, A Conway
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The research was undertaken to obtain data on the factors affecting the ecological stability of grass/white clover swards. The objective was to monitor the changes in the level of clover dominance within and between seasons under different managements. The changes were compared with concurrent changes in the density of grass tillers. The results showed that clover dominance was reduced as grass tiller density increased. Clover dominance was maintained over three years in swards cut at 28-day intervals during the growing season. Clover declined progressively in swards cut at 14-day intervals. This decline was also related to an increase in grass …
Distribution Of C3 And C4 Type Grasses, And Climatic Patterns In Korea, S K. Lee, N K. Chang
Distribution Of C3 And C4 Type Grasses, And Climatic Patterns In Korea, S K. Lee, N K. Chang
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Stepwise multiple regression analyses were used in the aims to correlate statistically the geographic patterns in the abundance of½, C4 and CAM type grasses with patterns in climatic variables. The dominant grasses having the C3 , C4 and CAM pathways of photosynthesis were computed for the importance values of all the grass floras in 258 widely spaced regions of South Korea. From long-term climatic records, seasonal and annual values for solar irradiance, water supply, heat availability and combinations of these variables were assigned to each of 258 regions. The results of the analyses suggest that high humidity such as river …
Observations On The Revegetative Plant Successions Resulting From Digging Den Activity Of Rodents In Mountainous Grasslands Of North-Western China, Chen Qing Cheng
Observations On The Revegetative Plant Successions Resulting From Digging Den Activity Of Rodents In Mountainous Grasslands Of North-Western China, Chen Qing Cheng
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In this paper, the revegetative plant successions on the rodent den mounds built up by Marmota himalayana, Myospalax fotarerii and Ochotona dahurica on various types of grassland have been studied and described. The objectives of this study are to arrange systematically the general processes and series of these successions and to seek means for promoting the revegetation of these mounds in order to raise the yield of forages in these grasslands. Characteristics of plant succession on the mounds have been summed up and methods and techniques for promoting the revegetation of these secondary bare areas have been suggested.
Effects Of Defoliation On The Difference In Growth Between Large And Small Plants In Swards, Y Takasaki, H Oizumi, H Nojima
Effects Of Defoliation On The Difference In Growth Between Large And Small Plants In Swards, Y Takasaki, H Oizumi, H Nojima
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Stands of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) become sparser as cutting frequency is increased (Takasaki, 1980), while stands of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) or tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) become denser as cutting frequency is increased (Jung et al., 1974; Ishida et al., 1971). It is assumed that defoliation of swards increases the difference in growth between individual plants and causes some of them to die in the case of alfalfa, whereas in those of orchardgrass or tall fescue defoliation decreases the difference in growth and relieves stand reduction. In order to prove this assumption two experiments were …
Herbage And Animal Production Of A Short Grass Pasture In A Mountainous Region Of Japan, M Fukuyama, M Shimamura, M Ushiyama, T Imura
Herbage And Animal Production Of A Short Grass Pasture In A Mountainous Region Of Japan, M Fukuyama, M Shimamura, M Ushiyama, T Imura
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Herbage and animal production of a short grass pasture established by unplowed sowing were investigated for seven years under continuous grazing. Herbage production and consumption on the pasture were estimated by using cages. Moreover, light intensity was measured with the new portable solarimeter devised by the authors for pastures. Standing crop was kept at 200-300 g dry matter (DM)/m2 throughout the grazing season, 32-78% of which was below 3 cm from the ground surface. From these results, it was found that the standing crop scarecely fluctuate seasonally and considerable herbage mass existed under the lower layer near the ground. Furthermore, …
The Mountain Grassland Category And Its Ecological Succession Of The Greater Xing'an Mountains, Wei Shaocheng, Zhu Tingcheng
The Mountain Grassland Category And Its Ecological Succession Of The Greater Xing'an Mountains, Wei Shaocheng, Zhu Tingcheng
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The mountain grassland of the Greater Xing'an Mountains are divided into two sorts, nine groups, fifteen types. It is suggested that mountain grasslands are sub-climax for its character of the climate and artificial succession. This classification and the rules of community dynamics will help us to know the grasslands of this area systematically. It will provide a scientific basis for the rational exploiting and utilizing the resources of the forest and grasslands, and determining the way of the agricultural production on it.
Seasonal Dry Matter Production In Grazed Pasture Of Agrostis Alba And Its Principal Component Analysis, T Okajima, T Okubo, R Kayama, M Kikuchi
Seasonal Dry Matter Production In Grazed Pasture Of Agrostis Alba And Its Principal Component Analysis, T Okajima, T Okubo, R Kayama, M Kikuchi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
There are not so many reports about the matter production in the grazed pastures of short grass type. The purposes of this study are to clarify (1) the seasonal change of dry matter production and (2) the factors that affect those in the grazed redtop (Agrostis alba) pasture as short grass type. The grazing experiment was carried out in 1979, 1980 and 1981. Biomass of grasses (part of leaf, stem, standing dead and underground) was measured at the end of each grazing period in the rotation from May to October, and also in March, April and November. Principal component analysis …
Energy Efficiency Of Primary And Secondary Production In Grazed Pasture Of Dactylis Glomerata As Compared With Those Of Paspalum Notatum, T Okubo, M Hirakawa, T Okajima, R Kayama, H Tano, N Kihira
Energy Efficiency Of Primary And Secondary Production In Grazed Pasture Of Dactylis Glomerata As Compared With Those Of Paspalum Notatum, T Okubo, M Hirakawa, T Okajima, R Kayama, H Tano, N Kihira
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
To evaluate and compare the key factors for energy efficiency in pasture production between temperate and subtropical grass sward, dry matter production and cattle gain were determined under grazing condition during 1979-1983. Seasonal changes in the biomass of above and underground organs and in surface litter were measured in the two types of the swards of orchardgrass mixed with Italian ryegrass and of Bahiagrass mixed with Vicia sp. In an e_xample of the conversion efficiency measured for the productive growing season in 1980 (Fig.1), Bahiagrass pasture fixed 1.36:% of global solar radiation as the net production including the growth of …
The Stability Analysis And Energy Flow Through Leymus Chinensis Population, Zu Yuangang, Zhu Tingcheng
The Stability Analysis And Energy Flow Through Leymus Chinensis Population, Zu Yuangang, Zhu Tingcheng
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
This study examines the natural Leymus chinensis grassland in Northeast China. It is concerned with solar radiation and the photosynthesis, respiration and traspiration of the Leymus chinensis population. In the process of the energy flow through the Leymus chinensis population, the energy input is 5199 Kcal/m2·d; the energy consumption is 5132.31 Kcal/m2 ·d and the energy accumulation is 66.69 Kcal/ m2 ·d. Thus it can be seen that most of the energy is lost in the environment. As a result of the stability analysis, the equilibrium state is asymptotic stability in the process of the energy flow through the Leymus …
Energy Distribution Of Alpine Grassland -Sheep System, Zhu Xingyun, Wang Qing
Energy Distribution Of Alpine Grassland -Sheep System, Zhu Xingyun, Wang Qing
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The studies on sheep's grazing behaviour have been carried on in China in 50.s of this century. But the researches on the energy consumption for grazing sheep in the various of their states are very few. This paper mainly studies and discusses the energy consumption distribution for grazing sheep in their grazing behaviour.
The Energy Intake And Its Dynamic In Alpine Grassland - Sheep Systems, Wang Qin
The Energy Intake And Its Dynamic In Alpine Grassland - Sheep Systems, Wang Qin
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The experiment was carried out on alpine grassland, from 1978 to 1979, in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province. Local Tibetan sheep were used as the experiment animals.
A Model For Plant And Cattle Growth In Ecological System Of Grazed Pasture, T Okubo, P Jacquard
A Model For Plant And Cattle Growth In Ecological System Of Grazed Pasture, T Okubo, P Jacquard
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The purpose of this modelling work are to describe the seasonal biomass dynamics of pasture plants and also to describe the growth of plant and cattle in field condition under grazing. Emphasis was put on the fundamental conception that energy flow or growth of organisms should be expressed as a result of balance in substrates between the demand by growing organisms and the supply of source for it, not as a simple flow from source to sink. A similar type of flow diagram was tried to apply for the expression of growth or energy flow in the subsystems of three …
Modelling Of A Stand Of Red Clover (Trifolium Pratense L.), P Jacquard, B Fleury, J P. Maitre
Modelling Of A Stand Of Red Clover (Trifolium Pratense L.), P Jacquard, B Fleury, J P. Maitre
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A model of growth and development for the Cocksfoot has been adapted to Red Clover to used in a more complex model for mixed crop (legume and grass).
A Study Of Grassland Utilization Conditions In The Eastern Part Of Inner Mongolia By Analyzing Landsat Mss Imagery, Mei An-Xin
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The present paper used images of Landsat 1.2.3.4 MSS as fundamental data. By integrating visual interpretation with optical, computer and other imagery processing methods, interpretation keys for different types of land-use were identified. A system of classification of land-use was suggested. After having worked out some maps showing the present conditions of utilization of grassland in the eastern part oflnner Mongolia and its adjacent areas, the author attempted to make an analytical study of grassland utilization.
A Research On Using Landsat Image To Interpret The Grassland Climatic Resources, Yang Mei Hua, Gu Wei
A Research On Using Landsat Image To Interpret The Grassland Climatic Resources, Yang Mei Hua, Gu Wei
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Using the messages provided by the Landsat images to interpret the local climatic resources is a new problem in the field of the usage of remote sensing. This method has more important significance in the steppes and mountains lacking data. The thesis is a research report in this aspect. The emphasis of the thesis is placed on two aspects, one is that of using the remote sensing images to interpret the local climatic resources; the other is to establish the relation between the characteristics of the images and the ground climatic data. The interpreting tests are made for the grassland …
An Analysis Of Remote Sensing To Surface Water Resources In Hulenbeier Prairie, Neimenggu, Chen Qinluan, Wang Huihui, Xiong Jiangbo
An Analysis Of Remote Sensing To Surface Water Resources In Hulenbeier Prairie, Neimenggu, Chen Qinluan, Wang Huihui, Xiong Jiangbo
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
This paper expounds that the geographic characteristics of the drainage basin are analysed and the maps of ground surface types are drawn by using LANDSAT imagery, and that the surface water resources in Hulenbeier Prairie are analysed and estimated by using the conventional hydro logic data based on these maps. The estimating problems of surface water resources of basin in the vast areas lacking data can be resolved via the analytic method of hydrologic remote sensing and the scientific basis of the aspect of water resources can be provided for rational development and useness of grassland re sources.
Remote Sensing Analysis Of The Grassland Degradation In Hailar Area, Zhao Ji, Zhou Qiming, Fan Weihong
Remote Sensing Analysis Of The Grassland Degradation In Hailar Area, Zhao Ji, Zhou Qiming, Fan Weihong
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
This study is aimed to describe the present conditions of the degradation of grassland in Hailar Area, Inner Mongolia, China and to explain the causes of degradation in this area so as to provide scientific basis for forming projects of using the grassland more efficiently and preventing from degradation more effectively. Based on the interpretation of Landsat images and geographical analysis of information obtained from field investigation, a classification system including desertificated, salinzed, marshy and overgrazed grassland has been established and the map of grassland degradation in this area has been complied. The methods used enhance the mapping process to …
Remote Sensing For Grassland Monitoring In Inner Mongolia, Li Bo, Yong Shi Peng
Remote Sensing For Grassland Monitoring In Inner Mongolia, Li Bo, Yong Shi Peng
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Grassland monitoring is observing periodically a special biome or an ecological area. Because of the wide area and unceasingly changing of natural grassland, its dynamic monitoring is an essential base for the management of grassland resources. By analysing different phasic and different yearly satellite images, this paper shows that the remote sensing is very effective for monitoring the change of surface water, grazing intensity, and use, desertification and fire in the steppe region.
Ecological And Economic Characteristics Of Mountainous Grassland In Subtropical Zone Of South-Western China, S R. Zhou, Y M. Gan, C L. Pu
Ecological And Economic Characteristics Of Mountainous Grassland In Subtropical Zone Of South-Western China, S R. Zhou, Y M. Gan, C L. Pu
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Ecological economic characteristics of grassland as optimum utilization of mountainous grasslands in subtropical zone of China is described. This study has been laid out at five sites from different altitudes above sea level for four years. At the same time, some survey of cultivated grassland and others has been carried on in similar places. The valuable materials obtained are shown as: (1) seasonal movement of plant biomass; (2) monthly movement of forage yield & growth-rate; (3) herbage regrowth and (4) soil erosion resistance of grassland and adaptation of herbage for grazing etc. Based on these materials, farmers would decide exactly …
Ecology And Productive Potential Of Chusquea Genus (Bambusoideae) In Chilean Southern Humid Ecosystems, V E. Riveros, P Tellez, M Iwamoto
Ecology And Productive Potential Of Chusquea Genus (Bambusoideae) In Chilean Southern Humid Ecosystems, V E. Riveros, P Tellez, M Iwamoto
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In a southern Chilean humid ecosystem, the productive potentiality of Chusquea coleu and Ch. quila was studied for animal utilization. During 2 years was seasonally recorded crude protein, neutro detergent fibre and dry matter in vitro digestibility. Also was analized the production of leaves and sprigs, and culms (utilizable and not by livestock, respectively). It was recorded a remarkable seasonality in dry matter production as well as in quality charateristics in both species. Results let conclude that both species could be an interesting animal feed resource specially in seasons in which the pasture is in a critical stage of growth, …
Characteristics Of Structure And Function Of Alpine Meadow Ecosystem And Scientific Management, Zhou Xingmin
Characteristics Of Structure And Function Of Alpine Meadow Ecosystem And Scientific Management, Zhou Xingmin
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
This work was carried out at Haibei Research station of Alpine Meadow Ecosystem. The structure of Alpine meadow ecosystem is simple. The net primary productivity above ground is about 1905 kg/ha/year, which is equivalent to 8.5616 x 106 kilocalories/ha/year. Energy distribution of Alpine meadow ecosystem is irrational. The main secondary consumers in Alpine meadow ecosystem are Xinzan sheep and Ochotona curzoniae. The net primary productivity above ground per ha. can feed 2.8 sheep. There are 70.36 Ocbotona curzoniae/ha at Haibei Research station. They are more than a sheep can consume. At the same time, low rate of matter …
A Study On Application Of Landsat Imagery To Grassland Resource Surveys, Xia Jing Xin, Chia Shen Siu, Chang Xiao Guo
A Study On Application Of Landsat Imagery To Grassland Resource Surveys, Xia Jing Xin, Chia Shen Siu, Chang Xiao Guo
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The emergence of remote sensing has provided an advanced means for surveys and planning of grassland resources. In 1979, China started and since then has developed technical cooperations in agricultural remote sensing with FAO and UNDP respectively. With the cooperation, National Training and Application Center for Agricultural Remote Sensing was established at Beijing Agricultural University. We study on application of remote sensing to grassland resource surveys total area of 50,000 km2. All those indicate that remote sensing provides a mean of grassland surveys to achieve greater, faster, better and more economical results and also bears extensive prospects for use on …