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Articles 751 - 780 of 11583

Full-Text Articles in Plant Pathology

Deproteinized Juice Utilization From Mechanically Dewatered Alfalfa, M Collins Jul 2025

Deproteinized Juice Utilization From Mechanically Dewatered Alfalfa, M Collins

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Mechanical dewatering of alfalfa produces a pressed forage product, a protein concentrate and deproteinized juice. The latter component contains approximately 12% of whole crop DM and can be utilized as a fertilizer material. Several alternatives exist for coagulation of protein from alfalfa juice. An experiment was conducted to evaluate alfalfa yield response to application of whole juice or juice deproteinized by heat, H2SO4 or fermentation. One-half cm surface depth of juice increased shoot yield by 41 % over untreated plants. Alfalfa responded similarly to whole juice or juice deproteinized by either method although maximum yield occurred at a higher rate …

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Production Of Fodder Yeast From Brown Juices Of Graminaceous And Leguminous Plants, H Horitsu, H Wakazono, K Imai, K Kawai Jul 2025

Production Of Fodder Yeast From Brown Juices Of Graminaceous And Leguminous Plants, H Horitsu, H Wakazono, K Imai, K Kawai

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Fractionation of grass (herbage) into leaf protein concentrate (LPC) and crude fiber causes agricultural pollution because brown juice which remained after fractionation contains much minerals and spoilage materials such as sugar and so on. In order to dissolve this problem, for graminaceous plants, green juice was acidified with mineral acid to coagulate LPC. After then, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cultivated using the brown juice and fodder yeast was obtained in good yield. Next, leguminous plants, green juice was directly fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum to decompose saponin and to coagulate LPC with lactic acid produced by Lact. plantarum. After then, the brown …

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Feeding Values Of Alfalfa And Its Dried Press Cake, R Kayama, H Tano, T Nagatomo, I Tasaki Jul 2025

Feeding Values Of Alfalfa And Its Dried Press Cake, R Kayama, H Tano, T Nagatomo, I Tasaki

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In order to utilize forage crops effectively, extraction of leaf protein is quite useful, and its utilization has been extensively investigated. When leaf protein is extracted from plants, tremendous amounts of press cake are produced, however, only a few works on its utilization has been conducted. In the present experiment, the digestion trial with sheep was conducted and the feeding value of dried alfalfa press cake was compared with that of sun-cured alfalfa hay. In general, content of dry matter and organic matter was not so much.different between the press cake and the hay, however, the press cake was comparatively …

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Immuno-Reactive Fraction-1 (18s) Leaf Protein During Wilting And Ensiling Of Lucerne (Medicago Sativa L.) And Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne L.), J L. Mangan, F A. Harrison Jul 2025

Immuno-Reactive Fraction-1 (18s) Leaf Protein During Wilting And Ensiling Of Lucerne (Medicago Sativa L.) And Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne L.), J L. Mangan, F A. Harrison

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Antiserum to purified Fraction 1 (18S) leaf protein (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase) raised in N .Z. white rabbits was used to analyse herbage, silage and digesta from the gastro-intestinal tract of sheep by crossed immuno-electrophoresis. Silage trials were carried out with luceme and ryegrass ensiled separately in mini silos containing 1 kg herbage and in larger silos containing 100 kg herbage with replications at 4 levels of dry matter, viz: direct cut, 18.8-21.6%; low wilt, 23.0-32.0%; medium wilt, 31.1-43.5% and high wilt, 38.5-53.2%. Under favourable weather conditions, with long hours of sunshine and low relative humidities and where the high wilt stage …

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Assessing The Nutritive Value Of Proteins Extracted From Leucaena Leucocephala: A Comparison Of In Vivo And In Vitro Assays, H T. Ostrowski-Meissner, W Supratman, I Komang Jul 2025

Assessing The Nutritive Value Of Proteins Extracted From Leucaena Leucocephala: A Comparison Of In Vivo And In Vitro Assays, H T. Ostrowski-Meissner, W Supratman, I Komang

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A comparison was made of in vitro and in vivo methods for the evaluation of protein quality in protein concentrates from leaves (LPC) of tree legume leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) cultivars Cunningham and Peru grown in Indonesia and harvested during dry and wet seasons. Unfractionated protein concentrates were recovered by steam coagulation at either 85°C or 55°C (within 5 min of maceration and dejuicing). The leaves were evaluated using a number of in vitro and in vivo methods recommended for assessing food and feed grade proteins. In vitro methods used in this study tended to over-estimate the quality of leucaena …

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Factors Affecting The Efficiency Of Protein Extraction From Fresh Hybrid Napier Grass, R N. Joshi Jul 2025

Factors Affecting The Efficiency Of Protein Extraction From Fresh Hybrid Napier Grass, R N. Joshi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The observations recorded from over four hundred protein extractions from hybrid Napier grass, cultivated under different field conditions, were subjected to statistical analysis to study the extractability of protein through simple mathematical equations. Of the nine parameters considered, the moisture content of the plant had major influence on the percent extractability of protein and yield of fibre feedstuff. The extractability of protein nitrogen was negatively correlated while the yield of fibre was positively correlated with the mean temperature of the day on which the processing was carried out. Using these regression equations it should be possible to predict the yield …

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Crops And Conditions For Maximum Production Of Leaf Protein In West Bengal, S Matai Jul 2025

Crops And Conditions For Maximum Production Of Leaf Protein In West Bengal, S Matai

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The paper attempts to summarize the yield potential of a few promising leaf protein (LP) yielding crops grown in alluvial soil tract in the eastern parts of India. Of the different legume crops lucerne was noted to produce maximum LP yield whereas in non-legumes mustard pearl millet produced maximum LP yield. Short duration crops in general gave positive response to higher seed rate whereas in lucerne and berseem where multiple regrowth cut was made, higher seed rate had no effect on LP yield. Leaf protein concentrates obtained from these crops contained 50 to 60% protein. Excepting pearl millet, protein nitrogen …

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Energy Flow And Distribution Through Green Crop Fractionation Of Italian Ryegrass, K Kogure, K Watanabe Jul 2025

Energy Flow And Distribution Through Green Crop Fractionation Of Italian Ryegrass, K Kogure, K Watanabe

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The present experiment was carried out to obtain some informations about the energy flow and distribution through the soiling plants, every three fractions, and silage made from the fibrous residue (FR) of Italian ryegrass. The early maturing "Minamiwase" and late maturing "Hitachiaoba" were sown 5 Oct. 1983. The experiments were conducted under three times of first cutting (A; 29 Mar., B; 12 Apr., C; 25 Apr.) following regrowth frequencies of 3, 2, and 2, respectively. Dry matter production of both varieties at first cutting was increased accompanying with the growth progressed including spring flush of crop. The percentage of top …

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The Value Of Pasture Height In The Measurement Of Dry Matter Yield, M O'Sullivan, W F. O'Keefee, M J. Flynn Jul 2025

The Value Of Pasture Height In The Measurement Of Dry Matter Yield, M O'Sullivan, W F. O'Keefee, M J. Flynn

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A double sampling method to measure herbage mass is described. The relationship between herbage mass and pasture height was shown to be curvilinear with a coefficient of determination of 81 % . It was possible with the double sampling technique using both measurements to increase the precision of estimating dry matter (DM). When taking 3 quadrats and 10 extra height measurements the standard deviation of the mean was reduced by 4.5%. The double sampling technique also decreased the workload of estimating herbage mass. It was therefore possible to maintain the same precision of estimation by reducing the number of quadrats …

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Prediction Of The Nutritive Value Of Fresh Herbage In The Uk, A H. Adamson, D I. Givens, W P. Barber Jul 2025

Prediction Of The Nutritive Value Of Fresh Herbage In The Uk, A H. Adamson, D I. Givens, W P. Barber

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The prediction of the nutritive value of fresh herbage in the UK is currently based on the measurement of modified acid detergent fibre (MADF). The prediction equations used are derived from in vivo measurements made up to 1969. Subsequently Barber et al. (1984) published data on the suitability of a range of predictors indicating the superiority of the neutral detergent fibre cellulase (NCD) technique over MADF. However, this information was based on experiments carried out in one laboratory and variability between laboratories in the measurement of the predictor is an important factor when deciding which predictor is most suitable for …

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Predicting In Vitro Digestibility With A Simple Potent Cellulase Procedure, S S. Bughrara, D A. Sleper, O H. Calvert, G C. Marten Jul 2025

Predicting In Vitro Digestibility With A Simple Potent Cellulase Procedure, S S. Bughrara, D A. Sleper, O H. Calvert, G C. Marten

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Reliable, inexpensive and rapid methods of determing in vitro dry matter digestibility (DMD) are necessary to evalute animal production potential of a given herbage. The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between DMD measured by a procedure using a potent cellulase solution (from Trichoderma reese1) and by a procedure using rumen liquor. Herbage from 22 species was assayed. Correlations between in vitro DMD determined by the cellulase procedure and rumen liquor procedure ranged from 0.24 to 0.99. Most correlations were highly significant and greater than 0.95. Regression coefficients ranged from 0.26 to 1.43. The cellulase procedure was …

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Determination Of Lignin Concentration And Digestibility In Stem Tissue Of Alfalfa By Means Of Quantitative Image Analysis, W Kuhbauch, J Bestajovsky Jul 2025

Determination Of Lignin Concentration And Digestibility In Stem Tissue Of Alfalfa By Means Of Quantitative Image Analysis, W Kuhbauch, J Bestajovsky

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Digestibility of important legume forages is determined mainly by the quality of stem. Lignin is a major constituent of the legume cell wall and close relation between digestibility and lignin concentration in legume stem tissue have been found. Cross sections of alfalfa stems have been stained by Phloroglucine/HCl. Lignified tissue, mainly within the xylem and in the sclerenchyma tissue beyond the vascular bundle, appears sharply separated from surrounding stem tissue. This allows to record the respective areas quantitatively. The image analysis data of selected cross sections of alfalfa stems were correlated with chemically analyzed (MnO4-Oxidation) lignin concentration of the total …

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Development Of A Conductivity Transducing Cannula For Measuring Forage Intake Of Grazing Livestock, J R. Forwood Jul 2025

Development Of A Conductivity Transducing Cannula For Measuring Forage Intake Of Grazing Livestock, J R. Forwood

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The quantity of forage consumed over a given time by livestock is an extremely important measurement of the quality of that forage. Intake differences may reflect differences in palatability, digestibility, forage chemical composition, rate of passage and overall animal performance. Although forage intake is a critical measurement, much more emphasis has been placed on improving parameters such as forage yield, persistence, and winter hardiness. One reason for this is that the above parameters can be measured with accuracy and relative ease while forage intake measurement of grazing livestock is difficult, expensive and often-times inaccurate. In an attempt to directly and …

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The Evaluation Of Fresh Herbage In The Uk, D I. Givens, A H. Adamson, W P. Barber Jul 2025

The Evaluation Of Fresh Herbage In The Uk, D I. Givens, A H. Adamson, W P. Barber

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A large programme of work has been undertaken by the Nutrition Chemistry Feed Evaluation Unit between 1980 and 1984 to examine temporary grasses and permanent pasture from sites covering England and Wales. The aims of the work reported here have been to provide new digestibility and energy metabolism data and to compare it with that which would have been predicted by the equations in current use in the UK based on modified acid detergent fibre. A total of 131 samples of temporary grass and 40 samples of permanent pasture have been examined in metabolism trials with wether sheep. All trials …

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A Study On The Control Of Suaeda Corniculata Bunge In The Fields Of Puccinellia Distans Parl. By Chemicals, Yu Kangfu Jul 2025

A Study On The Control Of Suaeda Corniculata Bunge In The Fields Of Puccinellia Distans Parl. By Chemicals, Yu Kangfu

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In the Suaeda corniculata Bunge) in the fields of weeping alkaligrass (Puccinellia distans Par!.) by chemical, 5 herbicides of glyphosate, bentazon, dicamba, fosamine and 2,4-D butyl were tested with an efficiency of 80-90% obtained except for fosamine (10%), and among them, 2,4-D butyl was of low cost, low phytotoxicity and good efficiency and was further tested at 0.375, 0.750, 1.500 and 2.250 kg/ha by foliar sprays at seedling, branching and budding stages of the seepweed, and gave 80-90% control of the weed while it had no significant inhibitory effect on the growth of P. distans Par!. Therefore, it was …

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Possibility Of Control Of Urophlyctis Alfalfae, The Crown-Wart Agent Of Alfalfa, By The Use Of Cultivars Tolerant To Soil Wetness, G Raynal, J Picard Jul 2025

Possibility Of Control Of Urophlyctis Alfalfae, The Crown-Wart Agent Of Alfalfa, By The Use Of Cultivars Tolerant To Soil Wetness, G Raynal, J Picard

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Urophlyctis alfalfae, the crown-wart agent of alfalfa, is locally damageable in France in damp or irrigated fields. Field tests, from 1980 to 1983, in plots naturally contaminated by Urophlyctis alfalfae show that among 9 alfalfa cultivars, only those known to be tolerant to soil wetness have a good resistance to U. alfalfae ("Paider" and 2 old french cultivars "Marais de Challans", "Marais de Lm;on"). The use of such cultivars in damp soils would allow to reduce the damages of this disease. The resistance of the 2 old cultivars may have been naturally selected in marshlands where the disease is …

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Importance Of Diseases As Constraints To Pasture Legume Adaptation In The Tropical American Lowlands, J M. Lenne, E A. Pizarro, J M. Toldeo Jul 2025

Importance Of Diseases As Constraints To Pasture Legume Adaptation In The Tropical American Lowlands, J M. Lenne, E A. Pizarro, J M. Toldeo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The importance of diseases as major constraints to pasture legume adaptation in the major ecosystems of the tropical American lowlands is discussed. From 1979 to 1984, diseases were systematically and periodically monitored on species of more than 15 tropical pasture legume genera at 134 sites in more than eight countries. Thirty different diseases were detected and identified, including 24 fungal genera, two bacterial and two nematodal genera, one mycoplasma and several viruses. Most pathogens were causal agents of foliage diseases with potential to cause direct losses in forage yield. On the basis of spatial and temporal distribution and severity, nine …

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Damaging Fungal Diseases Of Promising Pasture Legumes In The Tropical American Lowlands, Jillian M. Lenne, Amparo Vargas, Celina Torres Jul 2025

Damaging Fungal Diseases Of Promising Pasture Legumes In The Tropical American Lowlands, Jillian M. Lenne, Amparo Vargas, Celina Torres

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The most damaging fungal diseases of pasture legumes in the major ecosystems of the tropical American lowlands are discussed. Detailed evaluations during the past seven years in major screening sites and more than 100 RIEPT sites have identified more than 30 diseases of tropical pasture legumes caused by fungi, bacteria, mycoplasmas, viruses and nematodes. Of these, four fungal diseases are considered the most damaging: Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp., is the most widespread and damaging disease of Stylosanthes. Dry matter losses of 26 to 100% have been recorded in several species. Foliar blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is also widespread; …

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Ecology And Control Of Rhizoctonia Solani, Causing Web- Blight Of Siratro, Assanee Pachinburavan Jul 2025

Ecology And Control Of Rhizoctonia Solani, Causing Web- Blight Of Siratro, Assanee Pachinburavan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The propagules of Rhizoctonia solani, the causal agent of web-blight disease of Macroptilium atropurpureum cv. Siratro, were present in field soils providing the inoculum for further infection. The pathogen intensified its activities within the infected areas where most propagules were detected, with the uses of soil immersion tube and a selective isolation medium, to remain in the soil layer of 0-5 cm depth. The soil inoculum could possibly be disseminated by rain water into healthy plant areas. Fungicide treatments as soil drenches onto infested soils collected from infected fields significantly reduced the amount of infective propagules of R. solani …

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Effects Of Prescribed Burning On Japanese Brome Population Dynamics, S G. Whisenant, W R. Bulsiewicz Jul 2025

Effects Of Prescribed Burning On Japanese Brome Population Dynamics, S G. Whisenant, W R. Bulsiewicz

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The effects of prescribed burning on the population dynamics of Japanese brome (Bromus japonicus Thunb.) are described. Density, seed production and seed bank data were collected following prescribed bums in two separate years. Spring burning significantly reduced Japanese brome density for the first growing season, but returned to its original density by the next year. Seed bank reserves of Japanese brome are sufficient to overcome the loss of any single year's crop. This data indicates that a single year's treatment will not result in more than one year's control. The reproductive capacity, seed bank, and competitive ability of Japanese …

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Comparative Bio Efficacy Of Different Herbicides Against Poa Annua L. In Berseem (Trifolium Alexandrinum L.), M S. Tiwana, Tarlok Singh, L S. Brar Jul 2025

Comparative Bio Efficacy Of Different Herbicides Against Poa Annua L. In Berseem (Trifolium Alexandrinum L.), M S. Tiwana, Tarlok Singh, L S. Brar

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Field studies were carried out for four years to test the bioefficacy of fluchloralin, trifluralin and pendimethalin against Poa annua, L., which is impracticable to control mechanically in berseem. All the weedicides proved effective against Poa annua L. at the doses of 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 kg/ha. However, application of fluchloralin at 0.6 kg/ha proved most effective and produced only 54 kg/ha dry matter of Poa annua L. as compared to 1010 kg/ha in unweeded control. Based on 4 years data fluchloralin@ 0.6 kg/ha gave 29.2 and 31.4 per cent higher green and dry matter yield of berseem over unweeded …

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Using A Roller To Apply Herbicides For Control Of Brush Regrowth In Saskatchewan Pastures, John Waddington, Shabtai Bittman Jul 2025

Using A Roller To Apply Herbicides For Control Of Brush Regrowth In Saskatchewan Pastures, John Waddington, Shabtai Bittman

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A carpet-covered roller was used to apply herbicides to control woody plant regrowth in established pastures in Saskatchewan, Canada. A 1.5% v/v solution of a 4:1 mixture of 2,4-D ((2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid]:picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) controlled the above ground growth of several tree and shrub species fairly well, but regrowth from the roots or stem bases usually occurred the year after the year of treatment. Applying a 1.5% v/v solution of glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] resulted in more individual plant death but less permanent damage to survivors than the treatment with 2,4-D: picloram. The machine worked fairly well but is probably best …

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Effect Of Bent Grass (Agrostis Tenuis) On The Growth And Wool Production Of Sheep In South East Australia, M E. Boyd Jul 2025

Effect Of Bent Grass (Agrostis Tenuis) On The Growth And Wool Production Of Sheep In South East Australia, M E. Boyd

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

An experiment determined the effect of infestation by bent grass on the productivity of pastures grazed by sheep in Victoria. The 5-year study of liveweights and wool production from sheep grazing bent grass and treated pasture demonstrated that the presence of bent grass can reduce the productivity from sheep grazing such pastures by up to 63%. Thorough, shallow cultivation (5-7 cm deep) during summer, followed by resowing of more desirable species, produced the greatest increase in animal production. The average wool production/head of wethers grazed at 8.6/hectare on pasture dominated by bent grass was the same as that of sheep …

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Fluctuation In Cattle Tick Population Density In Sown And Indigenous Pastures In Japan, I Ito, H Otake, K Sugawara Jul 2025

Fluctuation In Cattle Tick Population Density In Sown And Indigenous Pastures In Japan, I Ito, H Otake, K Sugawara

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In order to understand the fluctuation in cattle tick ( Haemaphysalis longicomis) population density in Japanese grazing lands, we investigated tick density in sown and indigenous pasture in North East Japan from 1979 to 1984. It became clear that the life span of grazing cattle is longer in sown than in indigenous pasture. Nevertheless, cattle tick density is lower in sown pasture than in indigenous pasture. It appears that the grazing cattle have not only the role of host but also contribute to cattle tick mortality. We proved experimentally that a great number of ticks are eaten by the …

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Survival And Fecundity Of Spittlebugs On Different Grasses, S S. Nilakhe, G O. Paschoal, Y Savidan Jul 2025

Survival And Fecundity Of Spittlebugs On Different Grasses, S S. Nilakhe, G O. Paschoal, Y Savidan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Survival and development of nymphs, and survival and fecundity of spittlebug adults [Zulia entreriana (Berg.)] reared on different grasses were studied by caging the insects on potted grass plants in screenhouse. Overall, fewer nymphs reached adulthood when reared on Andropogon gayanus cv. CIAT621, Brachiaria decumbens cv. IRI700, Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, Brachiaria mutica, Chloris gayana, Panicum maximum cv. Coloniiio, Paspalum guenoarum and Paspalum plicatulum than on Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk, Brachiaria humidicola, Cenchrus ciliaris and P. maximum cv. K187B. Of the 240 nymphs used for P. guenoarum and P. plicatulum, none reached adulthood. Spittlebug adults reared on A. …

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Endophyte Fungus Increases Persistence Through Improved Pest Control, R A. Prestidge, G M. Barker, R P. Pottinger, K W. Steele Jul 2025

Endophyte Fungus Increases Persistence Through Improved Pest Control, R A. Prestidge, G M. Barker, R P. Pottinger, K W. Steele

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Our objectives were to determine (1) the feeding and oviposition behaviour of Argentine stem weevil Listronotus bonariensis Kuschel feeding on ryegrass infected with Acremonium endophyte, and (2) to survey pastures to relate ryegrass content, Argentine stem weevil populations and larval damage to the incidence of Acremonium endophyte in pastures of known age. In preference tests, adult stem weevil fed more extensively and deposited more eggs on endophyte-free ryegrasses. Ryegrass content in surveyed pastures in the central North Island of New Zealand averaged only 35% of the sward after 2-3 years. The majority of rye grass plants were infected with Acremonium …

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Preliminary Experiments For Biological Control Of Snow Mold Caused By Typhula Incarnata And T. Ishikariensis, N Matsumoto, A Tajimi Jul 2025

Preliminary Experiments For Biological Control Of Snow Mold Caused By Typhula Incarnata And T. Ishikariensis, N Matsumoto, A Tajimi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Preliminary experiments for biological control of snow mold were made because the disease is the most serious problem in growing forage crops in snowy areas. Several low temperature saprophytes were collected to examine their antagonistic ability against snow mold pathogens. They were antagonistic in culture but generally failed to suppress the disease. However, there was a promising saprophyte. A prospect of biological control is discussed.

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Antifungal Activity Of Systemic Fungicides On Mycelial Growth Of Epichloe Typhina And Their Therapeutic Effects On The Choke Disease Of Timothy, T Shimanuki, T Sato Jul 2025

Antifungal Activity Of Systemic Fungicides On Mycelial Growth Of Epichloe Typhina And Their Therapeutic Effects On The Choke Disease Of Timothy, T Shimanuki, T Sato

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The choke,a systemic disease, is a serious obstacle in the breeding and seed production of timothy in Japan, since the disease often prevents plant from normal heading. In this study, our goal was to cure the infected plants by systemic fungicide treatment. Among 15 chemicals tested, Bitertanol (Baycor) was most effective against the causal fungus, Epichloe typhina, in vitro tests, being completely fungicidal at 10 ppm. Triforine (Saprol) was effective being partially fungicidal at 10 ppm and completely fungicidal at 100 ppm. Benomyl, captafol+captan, chlorothalonil and triadimenol were fungistatic at 100 ppm and fungicidal at 1,000 ppm. In greenhouse test, …

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Laboratory Production Of The Sexual Stage Of Sclerotinia Trifoliorum, The Winter Crown-Rot Agent Of Red Clover Consequences For Improving Control Methods, G Raynal, J Picard Jul 2025

Laboratory Production Of The Sexual Stage Of Sclerotinia Trifoliorum, The Winter Crown-Rot Agent Of Red Clover Consequences For Improving Control Methods, G Raynal, J Picard

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The production of large quantities of ascospores of Sclerotinia trifoliorum is possible in the laboratory. The sclerotia of the fungus are obtained on autoclaved potato slices after 1 month growth at 20°C, in the darkness. After that time, sclerotia are placed during 1 month at 30°C in order to remove their dormancy, then slightly hurried in humid vermiculite at 15°C, under fluorescent light. The first apothecia appear 1 month later, the production lasts for 2 months. The average yield is 2 x 103 to 4 x 103 apothecia for 104 sclerotia. Every apothecium produces an average of 3 x 104 …

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The Ecology And Control Of Barley Yellow Dwarf Viruses In Pasture Grasses, P L. Guy, G R. Johnstone Jul 2025

The Ecology And Control Of Barley Yellow Dwarf Viruses In Pasture Grasses, P L. Guy, G R. Johnstone

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Barley yellow dwarf (BYD) infection is common in pasture grasses in temperate regions of the world. It directly reduces the growth of pasture grasses and may predispose them to attack by fungal pathogens. Measures which successfully control BYD in cereals may, with certain reservations, be useful to control the disease in pasture grasses. These include breeding cultivars which are either resistant or tolerant and various strategies to control the aphid vectors.

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