Plant Pathology | Open Access Articles | Digital Commons Network™

Effects Of Temperature On The Life-History Traits Of Myzus Persicae And Its Efficiency In Transmitting Potato Virus Y (Pvy) In Potato Crops, Bonoukpoè M. Sokame, Henri E. Tonnang, Heidy Gamarra, Pablo Carhuapoma, Jan Kreuze, Leah R. Johnson, Ali Arab, Peter A. Armbruster, Oswaldo C. Villena

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Aphids are highly sensitive to temperature changes and play a crucial role in transmitting plant viruses, accounting for the transmission of more than 50% of viruses that cause disease in crops. Among them, Myzus persicae is a major global pest, affecting over 400 plant species and transmitting more than 100 plant viruses, including potato virus Y (PVY), which poses a severe threat to potato crops. This study examines how temperature influences the life-history traits of M. persicae and its efficiency in transmitting PVY. Our research revealed that temperature significantly affects developmental duration, survival, and fecundity of M. persicae. The aphids …

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Fusarium Equiseti Pathogen Of Potato In Kenya And Its Potential In Vitro Biocontrol Using Fungal Endophytes, Marie Cecile Muhorakeye, Fathiya M. Khamis, Everlyne Samita Namikoye, Komivi S. Akutse

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Accurate pathogen diagnosis is fundamental for effective crop disease management. In Kenya, a pathogen causing significant damage in potato farms was initially misidentified as Phytophthora infestans. This study aimed to correctly identify this pathogen and explore initial control measures using a polyphasic approach. The methodology integrated morphological observation, pathogenicity testing, and molecular analysis using ITS and EF1-α gene sequencing. The results confirmed the pathogen’s identity as Fusarium equiseti, with morphological features consistent with this species and molecular sequencing showing 99.6% identity to reference strains. This is the first official report of Fusarium equiseti as a potato pathogen in Kenya. Furthermore, …

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Biological Control Mitigates Spread Of Vector-Borne Plant Pathogens, Kris A.G. Wyckhuys, Yi Zou, David W. Crowder, Evie Adriani, Annabelle B. Albaytar, Marie Joy B. Beltran, Ibtissem Ben Fekih, Carolina Camargo-Gil, Filomena C. Filomena, Lizette Cicero, Yelitza C. Colmenarez, Claudia M. Cuellar-Palacios, Thomas Dubois, Sanford D. Eigenbrode, Frederic Francis, Alberto Fereres, Khalid Haddi, Fathiya M. Khamis, Cécile Le Lann, Anne Le Ralec, Lorena Lopez, Baoqian Lyu, James Montoya-Lerma, Karen Muñoz-Cardenas, Ihsan Nurkomar, Paola A. Palmeros-Suarez, Jermaine D. Perier, Ricardo Ramírez-Romero

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Diseases caused by vector-borne plant pathogens cause adverse impacts on yield resilience, food security, and farmer livelihoods, which are bound to aggravate under global change. Biological control is routinely discounted as a mitigation strategy for plant diseases, partially due to scarce and inconclusive empirical support. Here, using curated field survey data for 58 persistently or semi-persistently transmitted pathogens, we employ a multi-method approach to assess the role of resident (i.e., naturally occurring) biological control agents in these pathosystems. Our meta-analyses show how in planta pathogen incidence is strongly affected by vector abundance and infectivity. Meanwhile, biological control agent density negatively …

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Biostimulant And Antagonistic Potential Of Endophytic Fungi Against Fusarium Wilt Pathogen Of Tomato Fusarium Oxysporum F. Sp. Lycopersici, Marie Cecile Muhorakeye, Everlyne Samita Namikoye, Fathiya M. Khamis, Waceke Wanjohi, Komivi S. Akutse

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Endophytic fungal-based biopesticides are sustainable and ecologically-friendly biocontrol agents of several pests and diseases. However, their potential in managing tomato fusarium wilt disease (FWD) remains unexploited. This study therefore evaluated effectiveness of nine fungal isolates against tomato fusarium wilt pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) in vitro using dual culture and co-culture assays. The efficacy of three potent endophytes that inhibited the pathogen in vitro was assessed against FWD incidence, severity, and ability to enhance growth and yield of tomatoes in planta. The ability of endophytically-colonized tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants to systemically defend themselves upon exposure to FOL …

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Distribution And Mating Type Characterization Of Chickpea Blight (Didymella Rabiei (Kov.) V. Arx) In Ethiopia, Gezahegne Getaneh, Tadele Tefera, Fikre Lemessa, Seid Ahmed, Jandouwe Villinger

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We have assessed the distribution and mating type of chickpea blight (Didymella rabiei (Kov.) v. Arx) from a total of 350 and 272 fields in major chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) growing areas of Ethiopia for two consecutive cropping seasons 2017 and 2018, respectively. The prevalence of D. rabiei was 20 % for the year 2017 and 7% for 2018. Severity range of 2−9 and incidence of 10–100 % were recorded for both seasons in only 7–20 % of the assed fields. Field prevalence of 2017 and 2018 seasons were significantly different (df = 31; p < 0.001 and df = 31; p < 0.001, respectively). Similarly, the disease prevalence of both seasons was significantly different (df = 31; p < 0.001). The disease prevalence ratio frequency was highly deviated from (1:1) for both seasons (X2 = 213.62 p= <0.001; X2 = 144.36 p = 0.01). Genomic DNA of Representative samples were extracted from single spore culture and Mating type 1 (MAT1-1) specific primer SP21, Mating type 2 (MAT1-2) specific primer Tail 5, and a flanking region-specific primer Com1 assay were multiplexed in a single PCR reaction to determine the occurrence of D. rabiei mating type in Ethiopia. Out of 156 samples, only 15 samples were positive to MAT1-1 (∼10 %) with the ratio of 9:1. MAT 1−2 type was the most dominant and possibly the asexual reproduction of D. rabiei is the major type in Ethiopia. The result is important for Ascochyta blight management in breeding strategy.

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Paenibacillus Polymyxa Causes Yellow Withered Spot Disease In Dracaena Trifasciata In The South Of China, Baochun Lai, Yongwen Lin, Komivi Senyo Akutse, Ruiqing Dai

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Mother-in-law’s tongue, Dracaena (Sansevieria) trifasciata S. is an ornamental houseplant of Asparagaceae family and native to tropical western Africa and southern Asia. Following a yellow withered spot symptom observed on up to one third of D. trifasciata plants at the field, a new bacterium pathogen was discovered for the first time in South of China. This pathogen was isolated from the early irregular yellow spot and its pathogenicity to the host plant was confirmed through artificial infection. Through both morphological characteristics and molecular DNA sequences using 16S rDNA and three housekeeping genes, the pathogen was identified and characterized as Paenibacillus …

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Occurrence Of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi And Fusarium In Tc Banana Rhizosphere Inoculated With Microbiological Products In Different Soils In Kenya, R. W. Mukhongo, M. A. Kavoo-Mwangi, M. E. Kahangi, E. M. Ateka, A. B. Were, J. R. Okalebo, M. E. Mutegi, K. E. Mwangi, T. T. Tepeni, K. S. Njuguini, J. M. Onguso, S. A. Okoth, J. M. Jefwa

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The impact of microbiological commercial products (PHC Biopak, Rhizatech and ECO-T) on the occurrence of mycorrhizae and Fusarium in the rhizosphere of tissue culture banana (Gros Mitchel cv.) was assessed. Tissue cultured banana plantlets were inoculated with PHC Biopak (Bacillus), Rhizatech (mycorrhiza) and ECO-T (T. harzianum) under greenhouse conditions using a completely randomized design in a Vertisol, Rhodic Ferralsol and Humic Nitisol sampled from the major banana growing regions in Kenya. Potted plants were later established under field conditions in the three agro ecological zones. Roots and soils sampled at end of potting and at flowering were assessed for AM …

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Full-Text Articles in Plant Pathology

Effects Of Temperature On The Life-History Traits Of Myzus Persicae And Its Efficiency In Transmitting Potato Virus Y (Pvy) In Potato Crops, Bonoukpoè M. Sokame, Henri E. Tonnang, Heidy Gamarra, Pablo Carhuapoma, Jan Kreuze, Leah R. Johnson, Ali Arab, Peter A. Armbruster, Oswaldo C. Villena

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Fusarium Equiseti Pathogen Of Potato In Kenya And Its Potential In Vitro Biocontrol Using Fungal Endophytes, Marie Cecile Muhorakeye, Fathiya M. Khamis, Everlyne Samita Namikoye, Komivi S. Akutse

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Biostimulant And Antagonistic Potential Of Endophytic Fungi Against Fusarium Wilt Pathogen Of Tomato Fusarium Oxysporum F. Sp. Lycopersici, Marie Cecile Muhorakeye, Everlyne Samita Namikoye, Fathiya M. Khamis, Waceke Wanjohi, Komivi S. Akutse

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Distribution And Mating Type Characterization Of Chickpea Blight (Didymella Rabiei (Kov.) V. Arx) In Ethiopia, Gezahegne Getaneh, Tadele Tefera, Fikre Lemessa, Seid Ahmed, Jandouwe Villinger

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Paenibacillus Polymyxa Causes Yellow Withered Spot Disease In Dracaena Trifasciata In The South Of China, Baochun Lai, Yongwen Lin, Komivi Senyo Akutse, Ruiqing Dai

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

All Peer-Reviewed Publications