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Articles 1171 - 1200 of 11583

Full-Text Articles in Plant Pathology

Improvement Of Lucerne Silage By Addition Of Inoculants And Different Carbohydrate Sources, M Gonzalez-Raurich, Conchita Carpintero Jun 2025

Improvement Of Lucerne Silage By Addition Of Inoculants And Different Carbohydrate Sources, M Gonzalez-Raurich, Conchita Carpintero

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Silage fermentation is an uncontrolled process and its outcome is controlled by factors such as random inoculation by natural lactic acid bacteria and also crop composition. Chemi­cal and biological additives such as inoculants allow a degree of control and manipulation of the fermentation process. As substrata for lactic acid production is the main factor limiting the effectiveness ofinoculants, to increase the available sugar by the addition of carbohydrate-rich materials or a sugar source, such as molasses, could solve the problem. This study was undertaken to compare the effects of two commercial inoculants and the level of three fermentable sugars that …


Computer-Aided Prediction Of The Wilting Period Of Fodder Crops, H Thons, A Rubensam, J Pickert Jun 2025

Computer-Aided Prediction Of The Wilting Period Of Fodder Crops, H Thons, A Rubensam, J Pickert

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

From the view of the farm economy and environment pro­tection it is necessary in the silage production to make maximum use of all the advantages of wilting before silage additives are applied to support the conservation process. Reaching dry matter (DM) contents of 28 - 35 % and 40 - 45 % is one of the most important factors and the most essential cri­terion for the management of silage production from grasses and legumes, respectively. In recent years, only 60 % of all silages from grasses and legumes produced in the G.D.R. had the required DM content. The other silages …


Effects Of Wilting And Formic Acid On The Chemical Composition And Nutritive Value Of Elephant Grass Silage Pennisetum Purpureum Schum) Purple Cultivar, W Lavezzo, Otavia E.N.M Lavezzo, C Rossi, I A. Bonassi Jun 2025

Effects Of Wilting And Formic Acid On The Chemical Composition And Nutritive Value Of Elephant Grass Silage Pennisetum Purpureum Schum) Purple Cultivar, W Lavezzo, Otavia E.N.M Lavezzo, C Rossi, I A. Bonassi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

At the beginning of the growth the Elephant grass had a good dry matter production and a good nutritive value and due to this it is often used for ensilage in Brazil. However, when best suited age for ensilage (50-60 days), its water content is high making normally difficult to get suitable silages. Although reasonable silages of Elephant grass have been obtained with no additives (Tosi et al., 1983), the wilting and formic acid utili­zation during the ensilage have resulted in good quality silages (Silveira et al., 1979) with good nutritive value (Lavezzo et al., 1984). The purpose of this …


The Effect Of The Crude Fiber The Quality Of The Silage, Marianna V. Kota Jun 2025

The Effect Of The Crude Fiber The Quality Of The Silage, Marianna V. Kota

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

By increasing the yield of the intensively fertilized and repeatedly utilized roughage, we get a product with relatively high protein and low fibre content. It does not meet the cow's demand for optimum crude protein - crude fibre rate, and it also makes good quality silage producing difficult. From the technological point of view, crude fibre plays a most important role in density (Dernedde, 1983). So, as the process of self-oxy­dation is made shorter, there remains plenty of sugar to provide for natural fermentation, (Murdoch, 1966). In our experiment, we examined what quality silage could be made of pure alfalfa …


Effect Of Combining Hay Cube On The Digestibility Of Whole Crop Paddy Rice Haylage At The Ripe Stage, L F. Quinitio, K Taji Jun 2025

Effect Of Combining Hay Cube On The Digestibility Of Whole Crop Paddy Rice Haylage At The Ripe Stage, L F. Quinitio, K Taji

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The study of paddy rice (PR) as feedstuff started at the National Agricultural Experiment Station in 1962. The original subject of the study was the utilization method of green PR by soiling as roughage. Subsequently, many results in the feeding value of PR soiling, hay, silage and grain have been reported by many workers. The structure of PR, as it results from the plants' growth and development, determines the foliage and grain parts, the former is roughage and latter is concentrate. In a series of PR utilization trials as feedstuff, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of …


Corn Crop Grown With And Without Tropical Legumes For Silage Making, J A. Obeid, M E. Cruz Jun 2025

Corn Crop Grown With And Without Tropical Legumes For Silage Making, J A. Obeid, M E. Cruz

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Under Brasilian conditions the beef and milk production rely almost exclusively upon the use of natural or cultivated pastures. However, due to the characteristics of the climate with a warm and rainy season and a cool and dry season, the forage growth rate and animal production presents both high and low peaks, resulting in slaughtering age of 4-5 years and a low average milk production (Pedreira, 1973). Improvement of forage production has been one approach for increasing animal production. However, the above measure brings a higher attention to the feeding of the animals in the dry season. Most often, use …


Changes In The Chemical Composition Of Wheat For Silage During Development In A Warm Climate, G Ashbell, Z G. Weinberg Jun 2025

Changes In The Chemical Composition Of Wheat For Silage During Development In A Warm Climate, G Ashbell, Z G. Weinberg

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Wheat for silage in Israel is usually grown as a winter crop in a double-cropping system. In such a system, the wheat is harvested before it reaches maturity and the land is then ready for the summer crop. The periods between the various matu­ration stages of wheat are relatively short, especially in a warm climate. Ash bell (1984) and Ashbell et al. (1985) found that the greatest changes in nutritive components of the whole wheat plant occurred between the flowering and the milk ripening stages. During that period there is an increase in dry matter (DM) and water soluble carbohydrates …


The Chemical Composition And Cellulase Digestibility Of Pressed Crops Obtained In The Process Of Green Crop Fractionation, R N. Joshi, V R. Deshmukh Jun 2025

The Chemical Composition And Cellulase Digestibility Of Pressed Crops Obtained In The Process Of Green Crop Fractionation, R N. Joshi, V R. Deshmukh

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Although green crop fractionation (GCF) has been shown to increase the yields of dry matter (DM) and protein per unit area of a small farm per unit time, this process has attracted very little interest in India despite over four decades of research (Joshi, 1983). This is because almost all work on GCF has been carried out with an intention to extract leaf protein (LP) for human consumption and no attempts have been made to utilise the other two products obtained in the process viz., the pressed crop (PC) and the whey which carry with them over 85 % of …


Growth And Chemical Composition Of Corn Fertilized In Glasshouse Trails With Italian Ryegrass Brown Juice, G U. Reddy, T Nagatomo, H Kubota, M Ohshima Jun 2025

Growth And Chemical Composition Of Corn Fertilized In Glasshouse Trails With Italian Ryegrass Brown Juice, G U. Reddy, T Nagatomo, H Kubota, M Ohshima

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In the process of extraction of the leaf protein from Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), large amount of brown juice (BJ) is produced. Since it is rich in sugars and minerals, the effective utilization of BJ will have a great effect on the economics of the process. Direct field application of alfalfa BJ to some of the plants caused plant damage and reduction in the yields (Reddy et al., 1987). The aim of present investigation is to evaluate BJ fertilization effect in the organic or inorganic forms on corn (Zea mays L.) plant.


Rice Straw Utilization In India, V Subramaniyan Jun 2025

Rice Straw Utilization In India, V Subramaniyan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Rice is the most important food crop of nearly half of the world's population and is predominantly an Asian crop. India is the largest rice growing country with an area of 43 million hectares under rice cultivation which is 29% of the world's total. The production of rice in India has increased almost three fold in the last three decades due to the high yielding varieties and improved production technology. Straw left by the world's three foremost food crops viz rice, wheat and maize are the largest available renewable crop residue. This paper discusses about the current utilisation pattern, and …


La Vitesse De Sechage Au Champ Des Foins De Prairies Permanentes Application Aux Prairies De Fauche Des Alpes Du Nord Francaises, P Fleury, I Philippot, B Jeannin Jun 2025

La Vitesse De Sechage Au Champ Des Foins De Prairies Permanentes Application Aux Prairies De Fauche Des Alpes Du Nord Francaises, P Fleury, I Philippot, B Jeannin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Notre objectif est de determiner Jes conditions climatiques necessaires au sechage des differents types de vegetation des prairies permanentes fauchees des Alpes du Nord frarn;aises, en fonction des pratiques de fenaison.


Results Of Experimental Production Of Forage Of Grasslands Established On Abnormal Soils In Vojvodina Province, B Miskovic, P Eric, L J. Stefanovic Jun 2025

Results Of Experimental Production Of Forage Of Grasslands Established On Abnormal Soils In Vojvodina Province, B Miskovic, P Eric, L J. Stefanovic

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Vojvodina province there is a certain acreage under hydromorphic, alkaline hydromorphic and alkaline soils which are not suitable for cultivation and growing of row crops. The acreage is roughly about 320000 ha. These soils may be culti­vated only a short interval because of their unfavorable physi­cal and aerial-hydrological properties and mechanical texture. If we add that the suitable machinery and implements are expensive, it becomes clear why farmers are unwilling to make use of that land (Zivkovic et al., 1972). The results of several research projects dealing with that problem indicated the estab­lishment of cultivated grasslands as an optimum …


Towards Improving Animal Production In The Rangelands Of Kenya, A Abate, M M. Wanyoike, M S. Badamana, A N. Abate Jun 2025

Towards Improving Animal Production In The Rangelands Of Kenya, A Abate, M M. Wanyoike, M S. Badamana, A N. Abate

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Kenya, the rangelands comprise about 80% of the country's land surface and contain about 76% of its population of cattle, sheep, goats and camels. Pastoralism is the dominant activity in this zone managed by among others, Maasai, Ren­dille, Samburu and Turkana tribesmen. The nomads keep animals for their own dietary requirements of milk, blood and meat and for sale to the heavily populated and crop dominated production systems of the high potential areas. The relative merits of meat and milk production and other economic indices of productivity have been analysed and discussed (ILCA, 1984). Despite suggested improvement interventions animal …


La Fertilization Phosphatee: Un Outil Pour Stimuler Les Luzerne Annuelles Indigenes En Region Mediterraneenne Francaise Et Froide, D Dauro, G Gintzburger Jun 2025

La Fertilization Phosphatee: Un Outil Pour Stimuler Les Luzerne Annuelles Indigenes En Region Mediterraneenne Francaise Et Froide, D Dauro, G Gintzburger

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Les techniques d'amelioration de la production fourragere par l'introduction de nouvelles especes, !'irrigation et !es fertili­sations ne sont pas toujours aises et/ou economique a mettre en a:uvre en zone mediterraneenne, en particulier sur parcours a sols caillouteux ou a acces difficile. Une voie interessante consiste a rechercher une fa9on simple de stimuler !es legumi­neuses presentes dans la flore locale des parcours, afin d'initiali­ser une dynamique de la vegetation, d'augmenter la contribu­tion specifique des legumineuses fixant a leur tour l'azote utilisable par !es graminees et autres especes pastorales. L'equilibre legumineuses-autres plantes pastorales serait entre­tenu ensuite par la gestion du parcours (rotation, …


Herbage Production From Grassland Under Stressed Environments In India, P Singh, P Rai Jun 2025

Herbage Production From Grassland Under Stressed Environments In India, P Singh, P Rai

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In India, out of the total reporting area of 304.21 m ha, forest covers 67.32 m ha (22.13 per cent) while permanent pastures, miscellaneous tree crops and groves, cultivable wastelands and fallow lands altogether cover 53.78 m ha (17.68 per cent). These are the potential areas available for grazing in one or other form. Only 4 per cent of the area of the cultivated land is under fodder crops which is far less compared to large livestock popu­lation (more than 400 million). In last ten years, the increase in cattle population had been about 7 per cent, buffalo and sheep …


Influence Of Legume Introduction On The Quality And Productivity Of Semi-Arid Grasslands Of India, K C. Kanodia Jun 2025

Influence Of Legume Introduction On The Quality And Productivity Of Semi-Arid Grasslands Of India, K C. Kanodia

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Low productivity of traditionally managed herds is largely attributed to the low quality and quantity in semi-arid grasslands. This is also aggravated due to high bovine popu­lation (416 m. heads) in the country, which has resulted in extreme deterioration of these resources. The grassland pro­ductivity can be improved through fertilizer application. But the escalating price of this commodity also restricts its use in the natural grasslands. Legumes are also known for their N­fixation ability through the bacteria, hibernating in their root nodules, which release nitrogen in the soil on their death and decay (Rogas and Hokare, 1970). This can therefore …


Preliminary Studies Of Improvement And Utilization Of Natural Grasslands Of Jiangxi Province In China, Xie Fan, Wang Suzhen Jun 2025

Preliminary Studies Of Improvement And Utilization Of Natural Grasslands Of Jiangxi Province In China, Xie Fan, Wang Suzhen

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Jiangxi Province is situated in Southeast China, belonging to the midsubtropical monsoon region. There exists a vast acreage of natural grasslands to be utilized because of man's activities. In the areas where the artificial grasslands cannot be opened up for the present, some semi-artificial grasslands may be set up by additionally seeding the natural grasslands to fine forage grass in mode of banded shallow cultivation to speed up their improvement and utilization. This will be favourable to the development of the graminivorous livestock hursbandry in the whole province.


Introduction And Evaluation Of Perennial Forage Grasses For Use In Dryland Farming Regions On Morocco, A Arif, J Stubbendieck, S Waller, W Stroup Jun 2025

Introduction And Evaluation Of Perennial Forage Grasses For Use In Dryland Farming Regions On Morocco, A Arif, J Stubbendieck, S Waller, W Stroup

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Livestock are a significant part of the agricultural production system of central Morocco: 1) they utilize cereal by-products (straw, chaff, weeds) and 2) they are a source of readily avail­able cash. Money generated from livestock sales serves to support the farmer and his family and sustain cropping opera­tions such as seeding, weed control and harvest. However, live­stock output is low. Cultivated forage represents only 3 % of arable land. The question we sought to answer was whether perennial for­age grasses could establish under low rainfall conditions (250-390 mm) in central Morocco. Our goal was to extend the avail­ability of quality …


Regeneration Par Les Semences Dans Les Hautes Plaines Steppiques Algeriennes, N Hanifi, J Touffet Jun 2025

Regeneration Par Les Semences Dans Les Hautes Plaines Steppiques Algeriennes, N Hanifi, J Touffet

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

La reproduction par Jes semences est un des modes de rege­neration les plus repandus dans le regne vegetal (Grime, 1979). L'estimation de ce potentiel de reproduction en fonction du temps, c'est-a-dire !'evolution de la quantite de diaspores pro­duites par un individu ou par unite de surface, nous renseigne sur la strategie demographique adoptee dans les premieres pha­ses du cycle biologique des populations vegetales annuelles (Harper, 1977; Solbrig, 1979). Dans cette etude nous nous consacrerons uniquement aux plantes steppiques a cycles annuels appelees « ephemerophytes » (Daget, 1978) ; car elles offrent une opportunite remarquable pour la comprehension des aspects dynamiques …


A Study On Shrub Control On The Shade Slope Of Midtainshan Mountains, Yang En Zhong Jun 2025

A Study On Shrub Control On The Shade Slope Of Midtainshan Mountains, Yang En Zhong

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Many countries have studied shrub control on the grazing land in varying degrees. And their methods are manifold. McLean et al. (1982) have studied grasses, trees and cattle of British Columbia in the felled areas. They found that the plant output had increased year after year. The economic benefit had continued for over 20 years. Fitzgerald et al. (1985) had good results with spring - burn forest lands when grassland was established after roots and stumps of Populus tremuloides had been cleared up and the land improved by cattle grazing. Bailey (1972) found that herbage seedlings can germinate and grow …


Recommended Forages For Ethiopian Environments And Current Strategies For Utilization, A Mengistu Jun 2025

Recommended Forages For Ethiopian Environments And Current Strategies For Utilization, A Mengistu

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Ethiopia has great variations in relief with large areas of lowlands below 1.000 m, extensive plateaus at altitudes of 1 500 to 2 000 m and highlands with cultivation extending to about 3 000 m. Rainfall generally increases with altitude and is higher in the western and south central regions. Ethiopian environments can be classified as sub-humid in much of south­central and western zones, semi-arid in the south, the central Rift Valley and the northern highlands, arid in the eastern lowl­ands and humid around Jimma in the south central region. The strong effect of altitude on temperature results in temperate …


Production Des Ecosystemes Steppiques A Armoise Blanche (Algerie): Variations Inter-Annuelles Et Implications Pastorales, A Aidoud Jun 2025

Production Des Ecosystemes Steppiques A Armoise Blanche (Algerie): Variations Inter-Annuelles Et Implications Pastorales, A Aidoud

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Les formations a armoise blanche (Artemisia herba-alba Asso ), couvrant environ deux a trois millions d'hectares, constituent les parcours les plus etendus et Jes plus homogme­nes des hautes plaines steppiques et de !'Atlas Saharien alge­riens. Cette steppe est actuellement marquee, au niveau des Hautes Plaines par une degradation intense sous !'action d'un piiturage d'autant plus efficient qu'une tendance a la secheresse se fait sentir depuis une dizaine d'annees. Le present article presente Jes principales caracteristiques du fonctionnement de cet ecosysteme au niveau de la production primaire utilisable par les ovins. Les observations portent surl'evolution de la phytomasse et de …


Production Des Parcours Saheliens Et Possibilities De Rehabilitation, G Boudet, M Carriere, D Reiss Jun 2025

Production Des Parcours Saheliens Et Possibilities De Rehabilitation, G Boudet, M Carriere, D Reiss

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Depuis 1970, la periode de secheresse a entraine une contrac­tion de la vegetation sahelienne des plateaux vers Jes fonds de bassins versants avec un appauvrissement floristique des par­cours et surtout une reduction de la production fourragere regionale. Qu'en est-ii du bilan semencier et existe-t-il des interventions susceptibles d'inverser le processus ?


Agronomic Methods To Increase Pastureland Production In Mediterranean Marginal Areas, P Bullitta, Simonetta Bullitta, P P. Roggero Jun 2025

Agronomic Methods To Increase Pastureland Production In Mediterranean Marginal Areas, P Bullitta, Simonetta Bullitta, P P. Roggero

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Sardinian pasturelands covering 1.200.000 ha represent nearly the 50 % of the island surface and are the most import­ant resource for animal feeding. Pastureland productivity is scarce, annual dry matter ranging from 6 to 12 q ha-1. Low pro­duction is mainly due to climate, scarce deepness and type of soils and by competition of mediterranean shrubs, mainly Cistus spp. that infests nearly 500.000 ha with a percentage of covering ranging from 20 to 100 % . The control of Cistus is normally done by means of fire and by ploughing but results are poor because a correct management of the …


Improving Marginal Land Productivity In Mediterranean Environment Using Phosphate Fertilizer, A E. Osman, P S. Cocks, E F. Thomson, L Russi Jun 2025

Improving Marginal Land Productivity In Mediterranean Environment Using Phosphate Fertilizer, A E. Osman, P S. Cocks, E F. Thomson, L Russi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Marginal lands in this paper refer to the non arable lands which exist within or adjacent to the cropping zone in the mediterranean basin. Such lands constitue a sizable proportion of the total land available in north Africa and southern Europe. Similarly in west Asia there are large areas : in Syria and Leb­anon, they constitute between 30 to 60% of the total land surface. In west Asia and north Africa (W ANA), these lands are used mainly for grazing of sheep and goats. However, because pro­ductivity is low the animals need supplementary feeding with barley grain, grazing of green …


Interet Des Sursemis Sur Parcours Dans Les Systemes Fourragers Mediterraneens Francais, M Etienne Jun 2025

Interet Des Sursemis Sur Parcours Dans Les Systemes Fourragers Mediterraneens Francais, M Etienne

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

La regession, parfois totale, des activites agricoles et fores­tieres dans les zones de colline de la region mediterraneenne fran9aise a rendu le probleme de l'entretien de ces espaces parti­culierement epineux. Or, bien que de faible valeur economique par sa production, la foret mediterraneenne est l'objet d'un enjeu touristique et paysager tel que son entretien et sa protec­tion sont assures de fa9on intense, a des couts tres eleves. C'est pourquoi, depuis quelques annees, des recherches sont menees pour evaluer les possibilites de creation de ressources fourrageres et d'installation d'eleveurs sur des zones debrous­saillees dans le cadre de la protection des forets …


Effect Of Fertilization On Growth Rate Of A Natural Pasture In Southern Italy, L Postiglione, F Basso, F Carone, E De Falco Jun 2025

Effect Of Fertilization On Growth Rate Of A Natural Pasture In Southern Italy, L Postiglione, F Basso, F Carone, E De Falco

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In another paper (Postiglione et al., 1989) was reported about the hard pedoclimatic condition of Southern Italy for fodder plants growth. An account of this, the knowledge of the environmental factors and cultural practices on growth rate and herbage yield of natural pasture of hilly areas of Southern Italy, is very important for the improvement of these pastures. This goal is possible studying the growth rate of the grass for the different environmental conditions and also using rational techniques to have the necessary balance between plant growth and yield. The study of the growth rate of the grass as cutting …


Effect Of Fertilization With N-P-K On Yield And Botanical Composition Of A Natural Pasture In Southern Italy, L Postiglione, F Basson, F Carone, E De Falco Jun 2025

Effect Of Fertilization With N-P-K On Yield And Botanical Composition Of A Natural Pasture In Southern Italy, L Postiglione, F Basson, F Carone, E De Falco

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The hilly dry environments of Southern Italy are char­acterized by native pastures greatly deteriored due to unfavourable and variable pedoclimatic conditions, mostly to the rainfall pattern during spring and summer. Also the irrational utilization and the uncorrect cultural techniques take part in very low yield of these large pasture areas. For these reasons the studies on rational utilization of pastures and on the various treatments are particularly interesting. Among these agronomic treatments, mineral fertilization plays a primary role due to the well-know marked influence on the amount seasonal distribution and quality of forage pro­duction: also the botanical composition, as well-known, …


Utilization Des Savanes Naturelles Par Des Troupeaux Bovins Allaitants En Guadeloupe, M Naves, A Xande, F Vallee, O Coppry Jun 2025

Utilization Des Savanes Naturelles Par Des Troupeaux Bovins Allaitants En Guadeloupe, M Naves, A Xande, F Vallee, O Coppry

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Aux Antilles Frarn;aises, comme dans de nombreuses regions tropicales, les prairies naturelles et parcours occupent des surfaces importantes, principalement dans les zones seches. En Guadeloupe, ces paturages denommes « savanes » sont domines par la presence d'une graminee de valeur pastorale moyenne, le Dichanthium spp. Ils constituent la base des apports fourragers dans la plupart des exploitations orientees vers la production de viande bovine, basee sur des animaux de race locale Creole. Cependant le chargement est eleve et l'alimentation complementaire faible et irreguliere. La conduite de la reproduction est sommaire, avec des velages toute l'annee et aucune politique de sevrage …


Fire Effects On Herbage Yield And Nutritive Value Of Natural Grasslands In Uganda, E N. Sabiiti, R W. Wein Jun 2025

Fire Effects On Herbage Yield And Nutritive Value Of Natural Grasslands In Uganda, E N. Sabiiti, R W. Wein

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Fire has long influenced the development, maintenance and productivity of nearly 80% of the Uganda natural grasslands which are important for livestock grazing. However, tra­ditional burning appears to reduce the productivity of these natural pastures, especially in the Acacia/savanna grassland since there is no proper fire regime (fire intensity, severity and frequency) used by these pastoralists/as there is limited research that gives reliable data on how to use prescribed fires on these pastures lands (Sabiiti et al., 1986; Sabiiti and Wein, 1987; Harrington, 1974). Consequently, most of these pastures have been invaded by coarse and less nutritive grass species …