Law Commons^™

The Future Of Indigent Defense In South Dakota, Brooklyn Bollweg, Neil Fulton

South Dakota Law Review

No abstract provided.

Meta V Bundeskartellamt: A Double-Edged Sword For Consumer Protection, Adrianus Van Heusden, Larisa Munteanu

International Journal on Consumer Law and Practice

Although consumers and data subjects do not always overlap in the European Union, the fields of data protection and consumer law are increasingly intertwined. Within this case note, one of the most impactful and recent decisions of the Court of Justice of the European Union will be analysed. Case C-252/21 will be examined through the lens of consumers using social networks in the digital age, additionally making references to the ‘take it or leave it’ and ‘cash for privacy exchange’ concepts identified by the doctrine in the field. Innovatively, this commentary will present a distinct and atypical opinion related to …

Financial Exclusion In The Uk's Cashless Society Initiative: Challenges And Policy Considerations, Ogochukwu Monye

International Journal on Consumer Law and Practice

This study explores the challenges posed by the United Kingdom's (UK) cashless society initiative, which has sparked a surge in digital financial services (DFS), including contactless payment and online banking. While the policy promises benefits such as convenience, security, and faster transactions, there is a concern that many, particularly financially underserved and excluded consumers, will face isolation from the cashless transition. Data from the Bank of England (BoE) reveals that approximately 1.2 million UK adults lack access to traditional bank accounts, compelling them to rely primarily on cash transactions. Using the doctrinal research method, this study examines the compelling issue …

Ashwani Chawla V Flipkart Internet Private Ltd: Formal Recognition Of Dark Pattern Prevention And Regulation Guidelines, Shouvik K. Guha, Sanchari Roy

International Journal on Consumer Law and Practice

In this case comment, the authors analyse the decision of the State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission, Chandigarh in the matter of Ashwani Chawla v Flipkart Internet Pvt Ltd and Others. This case involves multiple issues related to traditional consumer protection law, such as the jurisdiction of the commission, defect in good, deficiency in service, unfair contract, and unfair trade practices. More importantly, this decision is one of the first Indian consumer law judgments to explicitly apply the Guidelines for Prevention and Regulation of Dark Patterns 2023. In addition, it also discusses the joint and several liability of the …

การตรวจสอบคำสั่งไม่ฟ้องของพนักงานอัยการ กรณีพนักงานอัยการเป็นพนักงานสอบสวน : ศึกษากรณีตามพระราชบัญญัติป้องกันและปราบปรามการทรมานและการกระทำให้บุคคลสูญหาย พ.ศ. ๒๕๖๕, ชญาภา ภัทรธนศักดิ์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

วิทยานิพนธ์ฉบับนี้มุ่งศึกษาปัญหาทางกฎหมายที่เกิดขึ้นจากการที่พนักงานอัยการทำหน้าที่เป็นพนักงานสอบสวนในคดีความผิดตามพระราชบัญญัติป้องกันและปราบปรามการทรมานและการกระทำให้บุคคลสูญหาย พ.ศ. ๒๕๖๕ กล่าวคือ แม้กฎหมายดังกล่าวจะกำหนดให้พนักงานอัยการเป็นพนักงานสอบสวน แต่พนักงานอัยการผู้ทำหน้าที่สอบสวนกลับไม่ได้เป็นผู้พิจารณาสั่งคดีเอง ซึ่งไม่สอดคล้องกับหลักการที่ให้การสอบสวนและการสั่งคดีเป็นกระบวนการเดียวกัน อีกทั้งพระราชบัญญัตินี้ยังไม่มีหลักเกณฑ์ทางกฎหมายที่ชัดเจนเกี่ยวกับการตรวจสอบคำสั่งไม่ฟ้องของพนักงานอัยการในกรณีดังกล่าว การตรวจสอบคำสั่งไม่ฟ้องจึงต้องดำเนินไปตามประมวลกฎหมายวิธีพิจารณาความอาญา มาตรา ๑๔๕ และ ๑๔๕/๑ และตามมาตรา ๓๔ แห่งพระราชบัญญัติการสอบสวนคดีพิเศษ พ.ศ. ๒๕๔๗ อย่างไรก็ตาม กลไกการตรวจสอบตามกฎหมายทั้งสามมาตราดังกล่าวยังไม่เหมาะสมหรือสอดคล้องกับเจตนารมณ์ของพระราชบัญญัติป้องกันและปราบปรามการทรมานฯ ซึ่งมุ่งคุ้มครองบุคคลจากการทรมานและการกระทำให้บุคคลสูญหาย อันเป็นความผิดที่กระทบกระเทือนต่อสิทธิมนุษยชนอย่างร้ายแรง และที่มักมีผู้ถูกกล่าวหาเป็นเจ้าหน้าที่ของรัฐ เนื่องจากบุคคลที่ทำหน้าที่ตรวจสอบอาจอยู่ในฐานะเป็นผู้บังคับบัญชาของเจ้าหน้าที่รัฐผู้ถูกกล่าวหา อันอาจก่อให้เกิดปัญหาด้านความน่าเชื่อถือและความโปร่งใสของกระบวนการยุติธรรมในคดีดังกล่าว วิทยานิพนธ์นี้จึงเสนอแนะให้กำหนดให้พนักงานอัยการซึ่งเป็นพนักงานสอบสวนสามารถใช้อำนาจสั่งคดีได้โดยตรง และให้มีการแก้ไขพระราชบัญญัติป้องกันและปราบปรามการทรมานฯ โดยเพิ่มระบบการตรวจสอบคำสั่งไม่ฟ้องของพนักงานอัยการที่โปร่งใสและชัดเจนยิ่งขึ้น โดยเสนอให้ศาลอุทธรณ์มีบทบาทตรวจสอบคำสั่งไม่ฟ้องภายหลังจากที่คำสั่งนั้นผ่านการพิจารณาของอัยการสูงสุดแล้ว ทั้งนี้ เพื่อส่งเสริมหลักการตรวจสอบถ่วงดุลอำนาจภายในกระบวนการยุติธรรม และคุ้มครองสิทธิมนุษยชนอย่างแท้จริงในสังคมไทย

Why Is There No Social Citizenship In Puerto Rico? The Demise Of Section 20, Haley Powell

Indiana Journal of Law and Social Equality

Part I will define T.H. Marshall’s theory of citizenship rights and explain how that framework pertains to the denial of social welfare rights in Puerto Rico’s constitution. It will also delineate the larger context of social welfare in the United States using the contract versus charity paradigm posited by two historians, New School Professor Nancy Fraser and New York University Professor Linda Gordon. Part II will explore the legislative history of the Puerto Rican Constitution at the Puerto Rican Constitutional Convention and the U.S. Congress debates following the convention. Part III will examine the ramifications of the removal of Section …

Failure To Function: A Potential New Shield Against Trademark Infringement?, Alyssa Yoshino

IP Theory

The United States Patent and Trademark Office (“USPTO”) has recently been characterized as having a “penchant” for refusing trademark registrations on the grounds of failure to function. This trend has come with commentary, both praising the doctrine’s ability to efficiently supplement the distinctiveness analysis by assessing use and criticizing the inconsistent application of the doctrine. The sources of this academic commentary, from Alexandra J. Roberts and Lucas D. Cuatrecasas, serve as the heads of two camps regarding the failure to function doctrine. The first encourages an increased application of the doctrine as a combined distinctiveness and use analysis. The second …

The Copyright Requirement Of Human Authorship For Works Containing Artificial Intelligence-Generated Content, Runhua Wang

IP Theory

The U.S. Copyright Office (the “Office”) unwaveringly refuses to register copyrights for artworks created by artificial intelligence (“AI”) systems. The prima facie reason is a lack of authorship because the U.S. copyright regime recognizes only humans as authors. However, the fundamental reason lies in the fact that legislators have not yet determined whether to grant copyrights to AI users. Despite adjustments made by the Office in response to the use of AI systems in creation, the agency’s implementation of copyright statutes suggests that it remains extremely conservative, rejecting any AI-generated content (“AIGC”) from copyright registration.

Will the copyright regime continue …

Comparative Intellectual Property & Religion, Tabrez Y. Ebrahim

IP Theory

This Article introduces religion to comparative IP scholarship and explains how faith-based considerations can enhance it. Comparative IP scholars have extensively studied different IP laws in different jurisdictions, but they seemed to suggest an erroneous view that comparative IP and religion are like two parallel lines without intersection. Building on these scholars’ work, this Article discusses religion’s role in fostering a new vehicle for discussion and a new normative lens with the aim of ascertaining the existence and extent of religion in legal systems, serving as part of the comparison methodology between legal systems with potential for influencing the policy …

Military Symbols, United States Army

United States Army: Field Manuals

Military Symbols, United States Army Field Manual FM 1-02.2

A Proposal To Replace The Hearsay Rules, Richard D. Friedman

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

This essay proposes a set of rules to replace entirely the 800 series of the Federal Rules of Evidence, the hearsay rules, with a very different, and relatively compact, set of procedural rules. (The current hearsay rules run over 3000 words; the proposed rules run under 1000.) The change will improve truth-determination, make trials more efficient, and better protect the rights of criminal defendants and other parties. There would, of course, be some adjustment period for lawyers and judges as they get accustomed to a different system, but I am confident that it would soon be easier to administer than …

History Vs. Originalism: The Bill Comes Due, Stephen M. Griffin

Constitutional Commentary, Vol. 37 and later (2023–present)

No abstract provided.

Pricing, Decarbonization, And Green New Deals, David M. Driesen, Michael A. Mehling

William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review

This Article evaluates an emerging literature claiming that carbon pricing (emissions trading or carbon taxes) has not performed very well and therefore cannot be the basis for the sort of transformative change now required to address the climate crisis. This is an important claim, as carbon pricing has been viewed as being at the heart of global efforts to address one of our most important contemporary problems.

We provide theoretical and empirical support for these critics’ claim that carbon pricing by itself cannot catalyze the technological transformation now required, and that other approaches have done and will likely do better. …

Making Money Green: A Proposal For A Sustainable Stock Exchange, Mary Grace Thurman

William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review

Investors crave sustainable business data as a lucrative indicator of long-term business success, yet this demand is not being met by current environmental, social, and corporate governance (“ESG”) investment portfolios, voluntary business disclosure reports, or the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) climate-related rule proposal. Instead, an alternative, voluntary stock exchange premising entry upon satisfaction of industry-specific ESG prerequisites, would directly connect investors with the sustainable investments they desire without requiring them to interpret dense scientific data and decipher which companies exercise positive business practices.

This Article demonstrates that creating an alternative stock exchange for trading solely sustainable businesses would provide …

Catalyzing Climate Resilience In The Electric Utility Sector: Investor-Backed Utilities Must Prepare For The Approaching Storm, Jose J. Gonzalez

Emory Business Law Review

Communities and businesses that fail to take proactive measures will be devastated by the impacts of climate change. Across the United States, public and private entities have taken steps to protect companies and communities from climate change. However, financial restrictions and shareholder concerns have slowed such a response from the electric utility sector. This inaction has devastated communities such as Paradise, California and Lahaina, Hawaii. This Comment identifies how electric utility companies should utilize recently passed federal legislation, including the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law and Inflation Reduction Act, to finance large-scale projects to update America's power grid. This Comment also argues …

Negotiating For Certainty In An Uncertain World, Matthew D. Kent

Emory Business Law Review

No abstract provided.

Australia As A Model For Batson Reform, Evan M. Luellen

Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law

No abstract provided.

Letter From The Editor, Barrett Cole

Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law

No abstract provided.

Global Civil Justice, Cesare Cavallini

Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law

No abstract provided.

Enhancing 21 U.S.C. §§ 355, 356, And 360 To Encompass Artificial Intelligence-Based Drug Design And Manufacturing Methods, Aj Tsang

Michigan Technology Law Review

Despite newfound attention to how artificial intelligence (AI) may accelerate pharmaceutical development, federal regulators may find that current statutes are ambiguous or silent about their applicability to AI-based drug design and manufacturing methods. This poses a serious problem in the era of Loper Bright and the Major Questions Doctrine. As federal agencies struggle to adjust to courts’ growing demand for Congress to craft clear, explicit, and express delegations of authority, this note develops a statutory framework in which the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) would have more flexibility to regulate the use of AI in advanced drug manufacturing. Guided by …

Brief Of Amici Curiae Scholars For The Advancement Of Children’S Constitutional Rights In Support Of Defendants-Appellees: Constitutional Rights In Support Of Defendants-Appellees: St. Mary Catholic Parish V. Roy, Lauren Fontana, Tanya M. Washington, Catherine Smith, Robin Walker Sterling, Suzette Malveaux, Jeremiah Chin, Sara S. Hildebrand

Faculty Publications By Year

No abstract provided.

Investigating The Relationship Between Politics And Education, Alaina M. Winrow

Honors Theses and Capstones

This paper looks into how politics plays a role in the public K-12 education system in the United States, specifically looking at the state of New Hampshire. Federal, state, and local governments provide important resources through funding to schools and create the laws that govern them. However, educational politics can be controversial at times. Within the past several years, there have been more tense school board meetings and divisive laws being passed or considered around the nation. Overall, the divisive political climate has influenced much of the discussion surrounding education and has created more stress for educators, administrators, school staff, …

Judging Our New Judges: Why We Must Remove Artificial Intelligence From Our Courtrooms Now, Kieran Duffy Newcomb

Honors Theses and Capstones

In this paper, I explore some of the ways in which artificial intelligence might enhance the sentencing process through recidivism prediction technology. Notably, this technology can increase the accuracy of risk predictions and the speed with which sentencing decisions are reached. I then show, however, that the recidivism prediction technology is likely to turn into what data scientist Cathy O’Neil calls a Weapon of Math Destruction. The potential harmfulness of this technology is due not to the inherent nature of the technology, but the symbiotic relationship it will have with our already harmful criminal justice system. I argue that the …

Implementation Of Stronger Community Resilience In The United States Before Natural Disasters Strike, Andrew J. Widdekind

Honors Theses and Capstones

Since 2000, the United States has not sustained viable mitigation and preparedness solutions to combat the frequent and intense onset of natural disasters; more must be done on how communities can adapt and withstand them. Instead, environmental and human-induced factors have exacerbated the likelihood of these threats, which has caused billion-dollar weather events to occur more often. This paper focuses on how congressional policymakers would have to incorporate new mitigation/preparedness approaches into current emergency management methodology by creating a new federal statute known as the National Resiliency Act (or similar). A policy like this would strengthen the overall resilience of …

Restoring The Economic Interest Standard In The Taxation Of Mineral Resources, Barksdale Hortenstine, Gary R. Huffman, J. Andrew Miller

Rowling Books

In Restoring the Economic Interest Standard in the Taxation of Mineral Resources, Hortenstine, Hoffman, and Miller provide an important analysis of the U.S. Fifth Court of Appeals' 2022 decision in Exxon Mobil Corp. v. United States. They argue that the Fifth Circuit failed to adhere to the most basic historical precedent established for the concepts defining the economic interest in a mineral property. The authors examine the development of the federal taxation of natural resources, focusing on the interdependence and interaction of the concepts of economic interest and percentage depletion.

The first part of the book focuses on …

Tsai Today (2024), Southern Methodist University, Dedman School Of Law, Tsai Center For Law, Science And Innovation

Tsai Today

No abstract provided.

The Quad (The 2024 Alumni Magazine), Southern Methodist University, Dedman School Of Law

The Quad (Law Alumni Magazine), 1988-present

• Judge Irma Carrillo Ramirez United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit
• Trailblazer Speaker Series
• Alumna Spotlight: Brittany K. Barnett
• New Scholarship Challenge Initiative Timed with SMU • Dedman Law Upcoming Centennial Anniversary
• Office of Diversity and Inclusion Building Community with a Spirit of Compassion, Connection, and Excellence
• Jurist in Residence: Judge Kent Jordan SMU Dedman School of Law Inaugural Program
• Focus on our Centers Deason Criminal Justice Reform Center, Tsai Center for Law, Science and Innovation, Robert B. Rowling Center for Business Law & Leadership
• Faculty Spotlights Professors Nathan Cortez …

Rowling Record 2023-2024, The Robert B. Rowling Center For Business Law & Leadership

Rowling Record

No abstract provided.

Keep The Driver In Driverless Cars: Let's Take A Few Cues From The Aviation Industry, Tifani Sadek

Journal of Law and Mobility

As a law professor who studies mobility, I spend many waking hours thinking about fully automated vehicles, those cars that drive themselves without any need for a human operator. As a true believer in this technology, I think the widespread deployment of these vehicles will get more people home safely, give commuters their time back, and reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in our environment. However, lately, I worry whether this will ever happen. A recent Pew study showed that only 26% of the U.S. public believes that self-driving cars are a good thing for society, which is an all-time …

Predictability And Adaptation In Law And Other Markets (Chapter In A Coming Book: Research Handbook On Law And Time), Saul Levmore

Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers

People and enterprises that are subject to the law find it useful to know what the law is at present, but then also to anticipate future rules. If laws are stable this is easily done. Stability is more common where the judicial branch is concerned, because precedents are often valued, and for good reason. They are more often followed by judges than by those involved in other methods of lawmaking. But in all of lawmaking, and even in the private sphere, there is value to consistency and certainty. And yet, surprises can be attractive if they are not confronted on …