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Articles 198451 - 198480 of 545867

Full-Text Articles in Law

Defining Civil Disputes: Lessons From Two Jurisdictions, Camille Cameron, Elizabeth Thornburg Jan 2011

Defining Civil Disputes: Lessons From Two Jurisdictions, Camille Cameron, Elizabeth Thornburg

Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press

Court systems have adopted a variety of mechanisms to narrow the issues in dispute and expedite litigation. This article analyses the largely unsuccessful attempts in two jurisdictions - the United States and Australia - to achieve early and efficient issue identification in civil disputes. Procedures that rely on pleadings to provide focus have failed for centuries, from the common (English) origins of these two systems to their divergent modern paths. Case management practices that are developing in the United States and Australia offer greater promise in the continuing quest for early, efficient dispute definition. Based on a historical and contemporary …

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Sex Work By Law: Bedford's Impact On The Municipal Regulation Of Sex Work, Elaine Craig Jan 2011

Sex Work By Law: Bedford's Impact On The Municipal Regulation Of Sex Work, Elaine Craig

Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press

The recent Ontario trial decision in Bedford suggests three interrelated principles that municipal law makers should consider when formulating bylaws aimed at regulating sex work. These principles, if upheld on appeal, will inform the constitutionality of both current and prospective bylaws regulating sex work in Canadian cities. In Bedford, Justice Himel concluded that the constitutionality of laws regulating the sex trade must be determined in a legal context which recognizes the violence faced by sex workers. She confirmed that laws that indirectly make sex work more dangerous and harmful must be consistent with those principles that our legal system, through …

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The Relevance Of Delayed Disclosure To Complainant Credibility In Cases Of Sexual Offence, Elaine Craig Jan 2011

The Relevance Of Delayed Disclosure To Complainant Credibility In Cases Of Sexual Offence, Elaine Craig

Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press

The relevance of delayed disclosure to a complainant’s credibility in sexual assault cases remains a problematic and confusing area in the law of evidence. Although section 275 of the Criminal Code abrogates the rules regarding recent complaint, courts have been inconsistent in their interpretation and application of the provision since its enactment in 1983. The doctrine of recent complaint evolved from the assumption that a woman who is sexually assaulted will disclose her violation at the first reasonable opportunity. In R. v. D.D., the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that it is impermissible to draw an adverse inference as to …

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Immigrant Education And The Promise Of Integrative Egalitarianism, Victor C. Romero Jan 2011

Immigrant Education And The Promise Of Integrative Egalitarianism, Victor C. Romero

Faculty Scholarship

Although not an equal protection case, Martinez v. Regents of the University of California challenges us to grapple with the Supreme Court’s post-Brown commitment to equal opportunity within the context of immigrant higher education. Sadly, Brown’s progeny from Bakke to Parents Involved reveals the cost of embracing a color-blind constitutionalism unmoored from a fundamental commitment to vigilantly combat subordination and dismantle unearned privilege. More optimistically, the Supreme Court’s gay rights jurisprudence developed in Romer v. Evans and Lawrence v. Texas provides insights into how a conservative court can accurately distinguish irrational discrimination from democratic deliberation, a lesson that might help …

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Competition And Regulation In The Insurance Sector: Reassessing The Mccarran-Ferguson Act, Susan Beth Farmer Jan 2011

Competition And Regulation In The Insurance Sector: Reassessing The Mccarran-Ferguson Act, Susan Beth Farmer

Faculty Scholarship

This article was presented at a symposium entitled “Public and Private: Are the Boundaries in Transition?” sponsored by the American Antitrust Institute on June 24, 2010. It proposes a different paradigm, which more precisely describes regulation and competition in the insurance sector. This relationship is the shifting boundary between state and federal regulation instead of a boundary between the public and private sectors. The McCarran-Ferguson Act was adopted to protect firms acting in the business of insurance from federal antitrust scrutiny, but its language and impact goes far beyond federal competition law. So broad is the exemption that the modern …

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On The Evolution Of The United Nations’ 'Protect-Respect-Remedy' Project: The State, The Corporation And Human Rights In A Global Governance Context, Larry Cata Backer Jan 2011

On The Evolution Of The United Nations’ 'Protect-Respect-Remedy' Project: The State, The Corporation And Human Rights In A Global Governance Context, Larry Cata Backer

Faculty Scholarship

The advent of contemporary economic globalization has substantially altered the regulatory environment in which economic enterprises operate. Once assumed to be creatures of the states that recognized and regulated their existence, economic enterprises today are increasingly capable of arranging their activities beyond the regulatory scope of any state or groups of states. That gap between operational and regulatory capacity has produced a sustained reaction at the national and international levels. States have sought to extend their power over corporations beyond their borders. International organizations have sought to develop supra national legal governance frameworks. This paper examines one of the more …

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A Reasonable Balance: Revenue Authority Discretions And The Rule Of Law In Canada, Kim Brooks Jan 2011

A Reasonable Balance: Revenue Authority Discretions And The Rule Of Law In Canada, Kim Brooks

Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press

This chapter reviews the separation of powers and the exercise of law-making discretion in Canada as it relates to tax law, in particular the income tax law. The chapter concludes that Canada’s somewhat weak separation of powers has worked reasonably well in achieving the goals of the tax system and the values inherent in the rule of law.

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The Meaning Of 'Enterprise,' 'Business' And 'Business Profits' Under Tax Treaties And Eu Tax Law (Canada), Kim Brooks Jan 2011

The Meaning Of 'Enterprise,' 'Business' And 'Business Profits' Under Tax Treaties And Eu Tax Law (Canada), Kim Brooks

Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press

This chapter explores the meaning of business as it is used in Canadian income tax law given the four purposes that concept serves.

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Dna Database Trawls And The Definition Of A Search In Boroian V. Mueller, David H. Kaye Jan 2011

Dna Database Trawls And The Definition Of A Search In Boroian V. Mueller, David H. Kaye

Faculty Scholarship

As a general matter, once the government acquires information from a permissible search or seizure, it can use this information in later criminal investigations. Courts have applied this simple rule to uphold the indefinite reuse of DNA samples acquired from convicted offenders. This essay describes the First Circuit Court of Appeals’ reliance on the rule in rejecting a convicted offender’s claim that his DNA sample and profile had to be removed from the federal DNA databank after he completed his sentence. Acknowledging that the rule permitting reuse should not be applied mechanically, I argue that the rule's application to DNA …

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Inherently Female Cases Of Child Abuse And Neglect: A Gender-Neutral Analysis, Suzanne D'Amico Jan 2011

Inherently Female Cases Of Child Abuse And Neglect: A Gender-Neutral Analysis, Suzanne D'Amico

Fordham Urban Law Journal

Tabitha Walrond was a young mother who was found guilty of criminally negligent homicide after her two-month-old son died from malnutrition. This Comment examines how the portrayal of Ms. Walrond by the defense and prosecution, and in the media reflects gender stereotypes in the criminal law and society. The Comment posits the notion that Ms. Walrond was portrayed as either a good or bad mother and once so labeled, the judge, jury and prosecution view her as such, while ignoring her specific situation. As a result, a defendant such as Ms. Walrond may be treated either too harshly or too …

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Breaking Past The Parallax: Finding The True Place Of Lawyers In Securities Fraud, Marianne C. Adams Jan 2011

Breaking Past The Parallax: Finding The True Place Of Lawyers In Securities Fraud, Marianne C. Adams

Fordham Urban Law Journal

Lawyers often play an integral part in business transactions and securities offerings. This puts lawyers on the sidelines of not only great business successes, but also, every so often, tremendous failures. Because they are viewed by many as gatekeepers, and in that role provide a degree of assurance (with their reputational capital) that gross illegalities will not occur, a series of questions arise in the minds of many when illegalities do happen on attorneys’ watch. This Note analyzes the legal standards that are in play and those that should be imposed when lawyers aid or abet a fraud. Part I …

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The Next Generation Of Greenwash: Diminishing Consumer Confusion Through A National Eco-Labeling Program , Jessica E. Fliegelman Jan 2011

The Next Generation Of Greenwash: Diminishing Consumer Confusion Through A National Eco-Labeling Program , Jessica E. Fliegelman

Fordham Urban Law Journal

Since the 1990's there has been a continuously growing movement among advertisers to appeal to consumers by touting how environmentally friendly their products are. This note addresses the prominence of misleading and deceptive environmental claims that have prompted appeals for improved federal regulation. Specifically, the Note focuses on the emerging trend of carbon advertising and national and international models that provide guidance on preventing deception. Part I conveys the current status of environmental advertising and the necessary background principles for establishing regulations. Part II details major criticisms of the current environmental advertising guidelines and proposed models for restructuring environmental advertising …

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Iqbal Signals Bivens’ Peril: A Call For Congressional Action, Megan Gephart Jan 2011

Iqbal Signals Bivens’ Peril: A Call For Congressional Action, Megan Gephart

Fordham Urban Law Journal

This Note examines the propriety of a statutory replacement for the Bivens action. Part I of this Note outlines the history of implied causes of action generally, including the shifting attitude of the Court toward its power to fill gaps through the use of implied causes of action, as well as the Court’s attitude toward the Bivens action specifically. Part II examines the arguments for and against the adoption of a statutory replacement for Bivens in the context of the United States post-9/11. Part III contemplates a statutory replacement for Bivens, which would strike a balance between deterring rogue government …

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A Herculean Leap For The Hard Case Of Post-Acquisition Claims: Interpreting Fair Housing Act Section 3604(B) After Modesto, Mary Pennisi Jan 2011

A Herculean Leap For The Hard Case Of Post-Acquisition Claims: Interpreting Fair Housing Act Section 3604(B) After Modesto, Mary Pennisi

Fordham Urban Law Journal

On October 8, 2009, Committee Concerning Community Improvement v. City of Modesto created a split in federal circuit courts over whether FHA § 3604(b) applies to discrimination that occupants suffer after acquiring their dwelling. The question is whether the FHA only applies to discrimination in acquiring their property or afterwards as well. This Note examines the split in federal circuit courts created by Modesto. Part I examines the history of the FHA and theories of statutory interpretation. Part II discusses the split in federal authority and both sides’ interpretative methodologies and rationales. . Part III.A maintains that meaning-based and intent-based …

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New York’S Fight Over Blight: The Role Of Economic Underutilization In Kaur, Kaitlyn L. Piper Jan 2011

New York’S Fight Over Blight: The Role Of Economic Underutilization In Kaur, Kaitlyn L. Piper

Fordham Urban Law Journal

This note discusses the issues raised by the policy of seizing land through eminent domain by saying that a certain property is "blighted". The author of the note feels that blight should be limited and not merely a way of saying that economic interests of the city are better served by seizing the property through eminent domain. Part I of this Note describes the background of eminent domain and, in particular, the elimination of blight as a qualifying public use. It summarizes the history of the “public use” requirement in the federal and state context and how economic underutilization fits …

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Reforming Regulation In The Markets For Home Loans, Susan Block-Lieb, Edward J. Janger Jan 2011

Reforming Regulation In The Markets For Home Loans, Susan Block-Lieb, Edward J. Janger

Fordham Urban Law Journal

This article explores the content and institutional context for recently revised regulation of the markets for residential mortgages. The authors compare and contrast the House and Senate bills relating to the market for home loans proposed and/or passed in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis and examines how the Dodd-Frank Act reconciled the various proposals. The article also focuses on the creation and role of the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection. Lastly, this article examines the portion of the Dodd-Frank Act intended to regulate predatory mortgages.

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A Simple Approach To Preventing The Next Housing Crisis-Why We Need One, What One Would Look Like, And Why Dodd-Frank Isn't It, David A. Dana Jan 2011

A Simple Approach To Preventing The Next Housing Crisis-Why We Need One, What One Would Look Like, And Why Dodd-Frank Isn't It, David A. Dana

Fordham Urban Law Journal

This article considers the adequacy of The Dodd-Frank Act in terms of its potential ability to prevent another crisis in the housing market. The author argues that Dodd-Frank, even if implemented broadly, will not address the key problem of excess complexity in the housing and financial markets. The author then suggests additional reform focusing on simplicity, exemplified by the existing regulatory framework in Denmark. Lastly, the author addresses the current political economy, which is blamed for making the passage of effective regulation too difficult.

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Building Policy Though Collaborative Deliberation: A Reflection On Using Lessons From Practice To Inform Responses To The Mortgage Foreclosure Crisis, Robin S. Golden Jan 2011

Building Policy Though Collaborative Deliberation: A Reflection On Using Lessons From Practice To Inform Responses To The Mortgage Foreclosure Crisis, Robin S. Golden

Fordham Urban Law Journal

This essay on the recent housing crisis focuses on the efficacy of using lessons learned at the local level to inform federal policy-making. The author examines the extent to which local information was utilized during the buildup to the crisis, as well as during the eventual response. The article focuses on a particular local response in New Haven, CT, the role of HUD-certified counselors, and a joint project led by the Opportunity Funding Corporation and the Yale School of Management.

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Financial Stability Is A Volume Business: A Comment On 'The Legal Infrastructure Of Ex Post Consumer Debtor Protections', Anna Gelpern Jan 2011

Financial Stability Is A Volume Business: A Comment On 'The Legal Infrastructure Of Ex Post Consumer Debtor Protections', Anna Gelpern

Fordham Urban Law Journal

In this response to Professor Melissa B. Jacoby's "The Legal Infrastructure of Ex Post Consumer Debtor Protections," the author expands the scope of the household debt discussion beyond the consumer level and examines the effect that a fragmented infrastructure for legal service delivery can have on financial stability nationwide.

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Nondebtor Releases In Chapter 11 Reorganizations: A Limited Power, Elizabeth Gamble Jan 2011

Nondebtor Releases In Chapter 11 Reorganizations: A Limited Power, Elizabeth Gamble

Fordham Urban Law Journal

This note concerns the ability of bankrupt companies to file Chapter 11 reorganization plans that contain provisions releasing the liabilities of parties other than the companies themselves. One such mechanism, used in conjunction with the 2010 BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, is a trust releasing a financially-troubled company from liability to certain types of tort claimants. The author argues that although bankruptcy courts do have the power to approve such plans, such power should be carefully limited when companies seek to grant releases to insiders and insurance companies.

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School Districts As Weathermen: The School's Ability To Reasonably Forecast Substantial Disruption To The School Environment From Student's Online Speech, Samantha M. Levin Jan 2011

School Districts As Weathermen: The School's Ability To Reasonably Forecast Substantial Disruption To The School Environment From Student's Online Speech, Samantha M. Levin

Fordham Urban Law Journal

This Note concerns the issue of school officials punishing students for online speech and the precedential value of the Supreme Court's landmark school speech case, Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) in the internet era. Because off-campus, "intangible" internet speech does not easily fit into the Supreme Court's framework, the author proposes a new standard for internet school speech cases and analyzes how a new standard might be applied to the specific context of "parody profiles" created by students on social networking sites.

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Delegational Delusions: Why Judges Should Be Able To Delegate Reasonable Authority Over Stated Supervised Release Conditions, Eugenia Schraa Jan 2011

Delegational Delusions: Why Judges Should Be Able To Delegate Reasonable Authority Over Stated Supervised Release Conditions, Eugenia Schraa

Fordham Urban Law Journal

This Note examines the constitutionality of allowing a probation officer the discretion to either impose or forego particular conditions of a supervised release, depending on the officer's assessment of the defendant's needs. Two federal Circuits allow probation officers to have such discretion; the majority have held that such arrangements violate Article III of the Constitution, which makes imposing a sentence an exclusively judicial task. In this Note, the author investigates the history of delegation of judicial function to non Article-III officers and examines the split in federal courts over this particular issue, ultimately advocating for the adoption of the so-called …

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The Problem With Pretext, Lynn E. Blais Jan 2011

The Problem With Pretext, Lynn E. Blais

Fordham Urban Law Journal

This Article examines the problems with the Supreme Court's holding in Kelo v. City of New London that the concept of public use is expansive unless the government is asserting the public use as a "mere pretext" and the true purpose is private benefit. The author examines the level of scrutiny applied in such cases, the link between pretext and motive, and the tests applied to evaluate pretext challenges: the burden-shifting motives test, the sufficiency of the plan taste, and the benefits to the public test. The author concludes that pretext is an "unworkable mechanism" for evaluating public use cases.

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Public Use In The Dirigiste Tradition: Private And Public Benefit In An Era Of Agglomeration, Steven J. Eagle Jan 2011

Public Use In The Dirigiste Tradition: Private And Public Benefit In An Era Of Agglomeration, Steven J. Eagle

Fordham Urban Law Journal

Dirigisme is the "policy of state direction and control in economic and social matters. This Article examines dirigisme as it relates to state control of land use. It also analyzes the development of eminent domain law and the requirement that takings be for public use. The author argues that the New York Court of Appeals "subordinates constitutional protections for private property to centralized development," specifically examining the recent Goldstein and Kaur opinions. The Article also discusses the implications of condemnation for transfer for private redevelopment, including lack of transparency, secondary rent seeking, possibilities of corruption, and the inefficient use of …

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The Use And Abuse Of Blight In Eminent Domain, Martin E. Gold, Lynne B. Sagalyn Jan 2011

The Use And Abuse Of Blight In Eminent Domain, Martin E. Gold, Lynne B. Sagalyn

Fordham Urban Law Journal

This Article examines the term "blight" and how it is used in eminent domain cases. Part I discusses the development of the term and how various states define it. Part II lays out a hierarchy which may be used to compare the private benefits on one hand and the public benefits on the other hand in redevelopment projects. In Part III, the Columbia University expansion in Manhattanville is examined, at both the New York Appellate Division and Court of Appeals levels. Part IV discusses how forty-three states redefined blight after the Kelo case. Part V discusses how political and business …

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When Is It Wrong To Trade Stocks On The Basis Of Non-Public Information?: Public Views Of The Morality Of Insider Trading, Stuart P. Green, Matthew B. Kugler Jan 2011

When Is It Wrong To Trade Stocks On The Basis Of Non-Public Information?: Public Views Of The Morality Of Insider Trading, Stuart P. Green, Matthew B. Kugler

Fordham Urban Law Journal

No abstract provided.

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Sites Of Exclusion: Disabled Women’S Sexual And Reproductive Rights, Roxanne Mykitiuk, Ena Chadha Jan 2011

Sites Of Exclusion: Disabled Women’S Sexual And Reproductive Rights, Roxanne Mykitiuk, Ena Chadha

Articles & Book Chapters

“Women with disabilities commonly find themselves precluded from performing the major life functions commonly assigned to women”. This is nowhere more true than in the areas of sexuality, reproduction and parenting. While women generally are identified with, and indeed valorized for, their nurturing roles, sexual attractiveness and reproductive capacities, women with disabilities are all too often regarded as lacking in each case. Disability affects whether and how women are permitted to participate in sexual, reproductive and nurturing activities. In a culture where women are still defined, to a significant extent, as sexual beings, reproducers and nurturers, the, “general culture limits …

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Snooping, Privacy And Precedent In Ontario, David Vaver Jan 2011

Snooping, Privacy And Precedent In Ontario, David Vaver

Articles & Book Chapters

No abstract provided.

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The Meaning Of 'Sphere Of Influence' In Iso 26000, Stepan Wood Jan 2011

The Meaning Of 'Sphere Of Influence' In Iso 26000, Stepan Wood

Articles & Book Chapters

The relationship between a company’s influence and its social responsibilities is the subject of persistent controversy, manifested for example in the debate over the use of the concept of “sphere of influence” (SOI) to define the scope of a company’s social responsibility. Early drafts of the ISO 26000 guide on social responsibility employed SOI in this way, stating among other things that influence can give rise to responsibility and that generally, the greater the ability to influence, the greater the responsibility. The UN Special Representative on business and human rights, John Ruggie, rejected this use of SOI as ambiguous, misleading, …

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Front Matter Jan 2011

Front Matter

SMU Law Review

No abstract provided.

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