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Full-Text Articles in Law

After The Age Of Discretion: Policing And Privacy In A World Of Automated Roadway Enforcement, Trayce Hockstad, Lawrence Cappello Dec 2024

After The Age Of Discretion: Policing And Privacy In A World Of Automated Roadway Enforcement, Trayce Hockstad, Lawrence Cappello

St. John's Law Review

(Excerpt)

Our Fourth Amendment attempts to harmonize in fifty-eight words the tenuous, antagonistic relationship between privacy and public safety. These two values appear to be deadlocked in a contentious legal orbit, leaving behind them a trail of fascinating but foreboding jurisprudence in American law. The fundamental need of individuals for spaces of seclusion from government surveillance has endured a slow siphoning of its constitutional protection by the encroaching definition of the “public” and the perceived need to police every person and place that may be considered so. Nowhere has this proven truer than our nation’s roadways. As the judicial system …


2024 Sprizzo Award Program, James D. Herschlein, Robert A. O’Hare Jr., Richard P. Donoghue Dec 2024

2024 Sprizzo Award Program, James D. Herschlein, Robert A. O’Hare Jr., Richard P. Donoghue

St. John's Law Review

On June 18, 2024, the Manhattan Chapter of the St. John’s University School of Law’s Alumni Association awarded the 2024 Sprizzo Award, named for the late United States District Judge John E. Sprizzo ’59, to Richard P. Donoghue ’92, former Principal Associate Deputy Attorney General of the U.S., former U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of New York, and now a partner in Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP.

The program began with introductions by James Herschlein and Robert O’Hare, followed by remarks by Richard Donoghue. They have been lightly edited for publication here.


Venality: A Strangely Practical History Of Unremovable Offices And Limited Executive Power, Jed Handelsman Shugerman Dec 2024

Venality: A Strangely Practical History Of Unremovable Offices And Limited Executive Power, Jed Handelsman Shugerman

Notre Dame Law Review

The Roberts Court has asserted that Article II’s “executive power” implied an “indefeasible” or unconditional presidential removal power. In response to counterevidence from the Founding era, unitary executive theorists have claimed a “British Backdrop” of a general removal power under the English Crown and European “executive power.” These assumptions are incorrect.

This Article shows that many powerful executive officers through the late eighteenth century, especially high English Treasury offices and even “department heads” in the cabinet, were unremovable. A long common law tradition protected many English offices as freehold property rights. Moreover, this Article explains why it was widely understood …


A Remedy-Centered Approach To Antitrust, John O. Mcginnis, Grace Stippich Dec 2024

A Remedy-Centered Approach To Antitrust, John O. Mcginnis, Grace Stippich

Notre Dame Law Review

This Article advocates for a remedy-centered approach to antitrust law, placing remedial concerns at the forefront of antitrust analysis. It asserts that the limits of effective remedies should fundamentally shape the scope of antitrust liability. Drawing on the “nirvana fallacy” from economic theory, the Article argues that antitrust should only intervene when a judicial remedy can reliably improve upon market conditions. If no such remedy exists, liability should not be imposed. The Article further demonstrates how remedial considerations already play a significant, if often unrecognized, role in antitrust doctrines, including the definitions of “agreement,” monopolists’ duties to deal, and the …


The Trouble With Classifications, Aziz Z. Huq Dec 2024

The Trouble With Classifications, Aziz Z. Huq

Notre Dame Law Review

The Supreme Court relies increasingly on anticlassification rules to implement the Constitution’s various commands of evenhanded state treatment. These rules direct attention to whether an instance of a forbidden classification is present on the face of a challenged law. They contain two necessary steps. First, a court defines a general category of impermissible terms. Second, a court ascertains whether an instance of the category is found in enacted text—so triggering the familiar strict scrutiny analysis. So defined, anticlassification rules now dominate equal protection, free speech, “dormant” Commerce Clause, and even free exercise jurisprudence. The Roberts Court celebrates these doctrinal tests …


Ad Hoc Constructions Of Penal Statutes, Joel S. Johnson Dec 2024

Ad Hoc Constructions Of Penal Statutes, Joel S. Johnson

Notre Dame Law Review

The Supreme Court construed penal statutes in forty-three cases from the 2013 Term through the 2022 Term. In those cases, the Court tended to adopt narrow constructions, a preference consistent with several substantive canons of construction, such as the rule of lenity and the avoidance of constitutional vagueness concerns. Substantive canons were routinely included in party briefs, frequently raised during oral argument, and occasionally explicated in concurring opinions. Yet the Court did not rely on substantive canons in the vast majority of the narrow-construction cases. For example, the Court never firmly relied upon the rule of lenity—the substantive canon most …


A Uniform Choice? Esas And The State Right To Education, Hadiah C. Mabry Dec 2024

A Uniform Choice? Esas And The State Right To Education, Hadiah C. Mabry

Notre Dame Law Review

Education savings accounts (ESAs) are on the rise. Just since 2023, ESAs have been on the legislative docket in Alabama, Georgia, Iowa, Montana, Ohio, Texas, Tennessee, and Wyoming, with ESAs already active in eleven other states. These programs provide funds directly to parents on a per-child basis which can be used on any number of educational pursuits. While ESAs are relatively young in the world of school choice, they are also the natural outgrowth of a greater push toward educational freedom for parents. They join the ranks of more established programs like school vouchers, tax credits, and charter schools.

Unlike …


Clark Memorandum: Fall 2024, J. Reuben Clark Law School, Byu Law School Alumni Association, J. Reuben Clark Law Society Dec 2024

Clark Memorandum: Fall 2024, J. Reuben Clark Law School, Byu Law School Alumni Association, J. Reuben Clark Law Society

The Clark Memorandum


Cardozo's Perlmutter Center For Legal Justice Helps Vacate Convictions Of Four Men Falsely Accused Of 1991 Murder, Perlmutter Center For Legal Justice At Cardozo Law Dec 2024

Cardozo's Perlmutter Center For Legal Justice Helps Vacate Convictions Of Four Men Falsely Accused Of 1991 Murder, Perlmutter Center For Legal Justice At Cardozo Law

Cardozo News 2024

Lorain County, OH, Prosecutor J.D. Tomlinson Moves to Vacate Convictions of Four Men Falsely Accused of 1991 Murder

Defendants Collectively Served More than 100 Years in Prison; Joint Motion for Exoneration by all Parties Follows Rally Last Week for the “Ohio 4” Lorain, OH (December 2, 2024)


Professor Jessica Roth Speaks To Bloomberg About Hunter Biden Pardon, Jessica A. Roth Dec 2024

Professor Jessica Roth Speaks To Bloomberg About Hunter Biden Pardon, Jessica A. Roth

Cardozo News 2024

Professor Jessica Roth appeared on Bloomberg's Balance of Power to discuss President Joe Biden's recent pardoning of his son, Hunter Biden, why Biden pardoned him and why President Biden decided to pardon his son now.


Tribal Law: It’S Not That Scary, Adam Crepelle Dec 2024

Tribal Law: It’S Not That Scary, Adam Crepelle

Buffalo Law Review

Tribal law is often presented in a negative light. Indeed, the Supreme Court’s skepticism about tribal law has resulted in severe limitations on tribal jurisdiction. This Article challenges perceptions of tribal law by surveying tribal law. While tribal law does rely on tribal customs, tribal law is largely consistent with mainstream American law. Tribal laws are often modeled on state codes or the Restatement.

This Article contends tribal law mirrors western law for two primary reasons—efficiency and legitimacy. Regarding efficiency, borrowing a western law is easier than creating a law from scratch; plus, many laws are common across cultures. A …


Consumer Voice And Optimal Firm Size, W. C. Bunting Dec 2024

Consumer Voice And Optimal Firm Size, W. C. Bunting

Buffalo Law Review

This Article examines the question: How can a consumer hold a seller to account in an exchange relationship when expectations have not been met? The Article’s first contribution is to recognize that, in the case of small firms, an employer business can provide a higher level of conflict resolution compared to a non-employer business. Unlike a consumer, an employer has the level of control necessary to compel an employee to remedy a product or service failure. Rather than engage in a costly personal confrontation with an employee, a dissatisfied consumer can simply request that the employer make the employee perform …


Policing Emotions: What Social Psychology Can Teach Fourth Amendment Doctrine, Wayne A. Logan Dec 2024

Policing Emotions: What Social Psychology Can Teach Fourth Amendment Doctrine, Wayne A. Logan

Buffalo Law Review

No abstract provided.


Moral Panic And The First Amendment, Michael L. Smith Dec 2024

Moral Panic And The First Amendment, Michael L. Smith

Buffalo Law Review

Debates over free speech in the United States frequently see advocates of strong, broad protections at odds with those who argue that unfettered free speech tends to harm society’s most vulnerable. Free speech advocates invoke the marketplace of ideas and argue that the antidote to false or harmful speech is more speech. In response, critics contend that speech itself causes harm and chills counter-speech— effectively excluding marginalized groups, including women and LGBTQ people, from discourse altogether. These critics support limitations on robust free speech doctrine targeting speech that harms marginalized communities.

This Article identifies a significant wrinkle in this narrative: …


The Next Chapter Of Consular Nonreviewability: Muñoz V. U.S. Dep’T Of State, 50 F.4th 906 (9th Cir. 2022), Bryan Gilbert-Overland Dec 2024

The Next Chapter Of Consular Nonreviewability: Muñoz V. U.S. Dep’T Of State, 50 F.4th 906 (9th Cir. 2022), Bryan Gilbert-Overland

Buffalo Law Review

No abstract provided.


The Lost History Of Judicial Restraint, Derek A. Webb Dec 2024

The Lost History Of Judicial Restraint, Derek A. Webb

Notre Dame Law Review

For over 125 years, jurists and scholars who have championed judicial restraint have looked back to James Bradley Thayer’s 1893 Harvard Law Review article, The Origin and Scope of the American Doctrine of Constitutional Law, as the seminal authority for the rule that courts should presume the constitutionality of a challenged law and only invalidate it if its unconstitutionality is “clear” and “beyond a reasonable doubt.” But Thayer presented those three rules (presumption of constitutionality, clear error rule, and reasonable doubt standard) as rooted in historical legal practice in America. And yet none of his twentieth or twenty-first century …


Roving Extraterritoriality: The Murky Doctrine On State Laws Regulating Absent Citizens, Leo Schlueter Dec 2024

Roving Extraterritoriality: The Murky Doctrine On State Laws Regulating Absent Citizens, Leo Schlueter

Notre Dame Law Review

It is generally agreed that sovereigns have the power to punish the crimes of their citizens abroad, at least in some situations. But sovereigns rarely exercise this power, and its contours are not well understood. This is especially true in the context of American federalism. It is unclear to what degree states have retained their sovereign extraterritorial powers, and the Supreme Court has never had occasion to fully explain their limits. Recent political developments, however, make it plausible that the question will soon arise. This Note attempts to provide some insight into the future debate over state criminal extraterritorial jurisdiction …


Pclj At Cardozo Shares Statement From Ohio Prosecutor Tomlinson On Vacating Conviction Of "Ohio 4", Perlmutter Center For Legal Justice At Cardozo Law Dec 2024

Pclj At Cardozo Shares Statement From Ohio Prosecutor Tomlinson On Vacating Conviction Of "Ohio 4", Perlmutter Center For Legal Justice At Cardozo Law

Cardozo News 2024

Statement by Lorain, OH Prosecutor J.D. Tomlinson On Vacatying Conviction of Four Ohio Men Convicted of 1991 Murder


What Next For Japan And The Republic Of Korea In The East China Sea? The Law Of The Sea Perspective, Makoto Seta, Vasco Becker-Weinberg Dec 2024

What Next For Japan And The Republic Of Korea In The East China Sea? The Law Of The Sea Perspective, Makoto Seta, Vasco Becker-Weinberg

International Law Studies

In 1974, Japan and the Republic of Korea (RoK) concluded a joint development agreement concerning the continental shelf where their respective maritime claims overlapped. However, there has been no oil or gas production from the joint development zone. Therefore, after five decades of the agreement being in force, and because it can be unilaterally terminated after 2028, it is appropriate to consider what happens next for Japan and RoK in the East China Sea. Looking forward, the authors consider that the framework for post-2028 could take one of three forms: maintaining the status quo, terminating the joint development agreement, or …


Textualism In Practice, Anita S. Krishnakumar Dec 2024

Textualism In Practice, Anita S. Krishnakumar

Duke Law Journal

Textualism has won the statutory interpretation wars. But despite this theoretical and methodological victory, textualism as practiced on the ground has proved less transformational than expected. Indeed, contrary to what textualist interpretive philosophy long has promised, the widespread embrace of textualism by judges on the ground has not resulted in any real clarity or predictability about the interpretive path—or even the specific interpretive tools—courts will invoke to construe a statute in a particular case. Part of the reason for this lack of predictability is that textualism as practiced often differs significantly from the approach that textualism as an interpretive philosophy …


Relocating Location Incentives, Brian Highsmith Dec 2024

Relocating Location Incentives, Brian Highsmith

Duke Law Journal

In recent years, a growing share of state and local budgetary resources has been diverted to a small number of firms through multibillion-dollar location incentive megadeals, as represented by Amazon’s HQ2 search and Wisconsin’s Foxconn boondoggle. These companies have become adept at devising new mechanisms for extracting the public resources of local communities to secure a competition advantage over their market rivals. But legal scholarship has not considered the possibility that dominant firms’ incentive demands might implicate the statutory protections enacted to protect against unfair methods of competition and corporate dominance more broadly. This Article develops a historical, economic, and …


Journal Staff Dec 2024

Journal Staff

Duke Law Journal

No abstract provided.


Mmu: 12/02/24–12/08/24, Student Bar Association Dec 2024

Mmu: 12/02/24–12/08/24, Student Bar Association

Monday Morning Update

This Week @ NDLS

Mass Times

Commons Daily Menu

Saint of the Week

General Announcements


Ndls Communicator: Week Of 12.02.24, Notre Dame Law School Dec 2024

Ndls Communicator: Week Of 12.02.24, Notre Dame Law School

NDLS Communicator

The Latest News

  • Inaugural Justice Amy Coney Barrett Moot Court Tournament at Notre Dame Law School culminates in strong competition and awards for top teams
  • 2024 Peace Through Law Lecture: Juan E. Méndez
  • Notre Dame Law School hosts symposium on the philosophical foundations of legal precedent
  • Democracy Initiative awards 40 Democracy Catalyst Grants to projects across campus

Faculty News and Briefs

  • Notre Dame is a pipeline for Supreme Court clerks, magnet for justices
  • Roger Alford testified before the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee in a hearing about the Credit Card Competition Act.
  • Dean Marcus Cole spoke at Cathedral High School in …


The Social Benefits Of Control, Emilie Aguirre Dec 2024

The Social Benefits Of Control, Emilie Aguirre

Duke Law Journal

When firm founders want to increase access to capital, one traditional route has been to take the firm public. Most public firms allow equal voting rights for all shareholders, so by going public, founders and early insiders inevitably give up a certain amount of control over the firm. More recently, however, a governance structure known as multiclass shares has exploded in popularity. Multiclass share structures separate voting rights from economic rights, allowing insiders to retain control while still raising money on public markets. Because multiclass structures can allow insiders to extract private benefits at the expense of outside shareholders, they …


Inside Outsider Art: Challenges And Opportunities For A Marginalized Genre, Lucas Lynn Dec 2024

Inside Outsider Art: Challenges And Opportunities For A Marginalized Genre, Lucas Lynn

Duke Law Journal

Outsider art encompasses the work of artists, typically self-taught, who experience some form of marginalization and do not proactively participate in the mainstream art world. Adored in part for the biographies of the artists and in part for the quality of the art, the genre has become increasingly popular in secondary markets and museums over the last half century. However, buyers of outsider art still find it difficult to authenticate and attribute works. This Note examines the challenges inherent in outsider art and proposes three opportunities that can help address the challenges with authentication and provenance in outsider art while …


Anchoring Athlete Safety: A Case Study Of The Minor Athlete Abuse Prevention Policies Of Usa Gymnastics, Daniel Ray Raney Dec 2024

Anchoring Athlete Safety: A Case Study Of The Minor Athlete Abuse Prevention Policies Of Usa Gymnastics, Daniel Ray Raney

Experience Industry Management

In response to the unprecedented scrutiny following the Larry Nassar case, USA Gymnastics initiated comprehensive policy reforms aimed at strengthening the safeguarding framework for its minor athletes. The purpose of this study was to examine the organization's current minor athlete abuse prevention policies and evaluate their effectiveness. A case study was conducted on USA Gymnastics through a tool created by the researcher with data collected from USA Gymnastics Safe Sport Policy, the US Center for Safe Sport, and USA Gymnastics governing structure. While USA Gymnastics has created a formidable policy to protect its minor athletes, significant gaps still remain. The …


¿No Pagan Taxes? Overview Of Federal Revenue-Raising In Puerto Rico, 2024, Carlos Vargas-Ramos, Javier Mendez Lacomba, Jorge Soldevilla-Irizarry Dec 2024

¿No Pagan Taxes? Overview Of Federal Revenue-Raising In Puerto Rico, 2024, Carlos Vargas-Ramos, Javier Mendez Lacomba, Jorge Soldevilla-Irizarry

CUNY Centro, The Center for Puerto Rican Studies

Residents of Puerto Rico pay federal taxes. They did so to the tune of $5 billion in 2023. They have paid more than $3 billion a year in net contributions to the federal treasury for more than 10 years in a row. This is not a secret, but rather factual information that is publicly available. Yet, it is factual information that is not widely known. Moreover, it is information that flies in the face of the “people in Puerto Rico do not pay federal taxes” narrative. The volume of federal tax contributions originating in Puerto Rico reflects the rather dynamic …


Analyzing Trauma-Informed Courtrooms In A Midwestern State Of The United States: Comparisons Between Rural And Urban Jurisdictions, April Terry, Ziwei Qi Dec 2024

Analyzing Trauma-Informed Courtrooms In A Midwestern State Of The United States: Comparisons Between Rural And Urban Jurisdictions, April Terry, Ziwei Qi

Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

This study investigates the implementation of trauma-informed practices in various court settings, including juvenile and adult courtrooms, as well as specialized cases in areas such as family courts, domestic reconciliation, protection orders, and child in need of care (CINC) cases, within a single Midwestern state in the United States. The study targeted one rural and one urban judicial district. The authors sought to assess if, and how these practices are utilized to create an environment and workplace that fosters a needs-based, survivor-centered, resilience-building courtroom. Drawing from a holistic perspective on trauma and survivor-centered practices, this study utilized a mixed-methods approach, …


In Conversation With Petr Angyalossy, Chief Justice Of The Czech Republic, Petr Angyalossy, David Collins Dec 2024

In Conversation With Petr Angyalossy, Chief Justice Of The Czech Republic, Petr Angyalossy, David Collins

Judicature International

No abstract provided.