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Journal of Dispute Resolution

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Table Of Contents

Journal of Dispute Resolution

No abstract provided.

Symposium Introduction: Artificial Intelligence, Real Attorneys, And The Art Of Lawyering: Utilizing The Tools Of Ai To Enhance, Not Inhibit, Our Humanity, Carli N. Conklin

Journal of Dispute Resolution

In recent years, legal academia has seen a proliferation of symposia and conferences focused on the interrelationship between the increasing prevalence and sophistication of artificial intelligence, and the opportunities and challenges AI provides for our work in legal teaching, legal research and writing, and the practice of law. Here at the University of Missouri Center for the Study of Dispute Resolution and Journal of Dispute Resolution, we could not help but think about the rise of artificial intelligence in the practice of law through a dispute resolution lens. More specifically, we became increasingly curious about the unfolding interplay between artificial …

The Limits Of Disclosure: Artificial Intelligence, Arbitration, And The Illusion Of Informed Consent, Rishi Batra

Journal of Dispute Resolution

Consider the following scenario: A warehouse worker brings a wage and hour claim against her employer under her state's labor code. Her employment contract, which she signed on her first day of work, contains a mandatory arbitration clause that she did not negotiate, did not fully read, and — like most employees in her situation — did not fully understand. An arbitrator is appointed, a hearing is held, and an award is issued in the employer's favor several weeks later, denying the employee's claims entirely. The award is well-organized and internally consistent, addressing each of the worker's claims with what …

A Decade Of Change: Technology’S Impact On Negotiation Deepens In The Age Of Ai, Noam Ebner

Journal of Dispute Resolution

When people consider the notion of negotiation changing, they tend to look first toward that magnificent negotiation construct, “the table.” Here are some immediately apparent areas of table-novelty: • There is often a screen on our table, rather than another person sitting across from us. • The table we “go” to negotiate at is not in our office or that of our counterpart; rather, it is a communications system such as email or an online platform developed by a third-party provider. • The table, in its online-platform form, sometimes structures process and facilitates communication in ways that our trusty old …

Artificial Intelligence, Real Humans, And The Art Of Lawyering: Reflections From Practice, Jenna Homeyer

Journal of Dispute Resolution

René Descartes famously stated, “I think, therefore I am.” As artificial intelligence (“AI”) increases in prevalence throughout society and the field of law, we might ask ourselves, who are we if we allow AI to think for us? This symposium began with a question about the interplay between artificial intelligence and the human skills present in the art of lawyering. After using AI in my legal practice for the past two and half years, I can attest that there remains a very human skill set that is necessary to the art of good or effective lawyering. AI can be a …

Rps Mediator Coachbuilder, John Lande

Journal of Dispute Resolution

Instructions for AI Tool

Using Ai Centaur Systems To Strengthen Professional Judgment, John Lande

Journal of Dispute Resolution

This article encourages dispute resolution practitioners to use artificial intelligence (AI) “centaur” systems, which may perform better than either humans or AI tools operating independently. Centaur systems combine human and AI capabilities so that each contributes complementary strengths in decision-making. This is particularly important in managing legal disputes, where practitioners should integrate analysis of legal issues, tangible and intangible costs, strategic judgment, and ethical considerations.

The Life And Work Of Odr Visionary And Architect Colin Rule (So Far), John Lande

Journal of Dispute Resolution

Many people know Colin Rule as a pioneer of online dispute resolution. Fewer people probably appreciate the full breadth of his contributions over the last three decades. This article reviews Rule’s work as a builder of dispute resolution systems, writer, educator, entrepreneur, and institutional leader. It highlights recurring themes in his career and scholarship, including trust, fairness, usability, access to justice, and the need to keep human judgment at the center of technological innovation.

Cooling Conflict: Embedding Mediation Protocols In Data Center Land Sale Contracts, Allison Elias

Journal of Dispute Resolution

Imagine a two-thousand-acre plot of land in rural Louisiana being leveled to accommodate a 10 billion dollar data center. With the construction of this data center comes the destruction of a region inhabited by rich plant and animal life as well as 80,000 residents, a quarter of whom live below the poverty line. Alternatively, think of a $750 million data center being built next door to your home, causing sediment build-up in your water supply, water scarcity, light pollution, and destruction of neighboring forests. Unfortunately, one does not have to imagine these scenarios. Both stories come directly from recent news …

Reports Of Legal Writing’S Death Are Greatly Exaggerated: Why Generative Ai Will Not Kill The Craft, Jayne T. Woods

Journal of Dispute Resolution

In preparing for this essay, I typed the phrase “legal writing is” into Google to see how common searches finished the thought. The only completed thought to appear was “legal writing is hard.” Amen. Legal writing is an amalgamation of logical reasoning, cognitive psychology, classical rhetoric, legal terminology, legal citation, and proper grammar and style, all of which must result in a product accessible to readers of all education levels. When generative AI arrived, producing cogent, plausible legal prose in seconds, it led many to believe that writing, generally, and legal writing, specifically, had reached the end of days.

Mirror, Mirror On My Screen, Can You Feel Like A Human Being?, Lauren A. Newell

Journal of Dispute Resolution

We cannot go anywhere without encountering artificial intelligence (AI) these days. AI has infiltrated our phones, our cars, and our washing machines. It is with us in doctors’ offices, at the drive-through, and at sporting events. It has taken over our calendars and our inboxes and our videoconferences, and it would like to help us brush our teeth, too.

Justice After Atrocity: Lessons From Rwanda And Cambodia For Contemporary International Law And Conflict, Jennie Hubbard

Journal of Dispute Resolution

In the aftermath of mass atrocity, the question facing survivors and policymakers is not whether societies will rebuild but how rebuilding will address truth, justice, and memory. Modern transitional justice systems trace institutional and normative roots to the post—World War II order, most famously embodied by the Nuremberg Trials, which first established that individuals could be held accountable for crimes against humanity. Nuremberg did more than punish Nazi officials; it articulated a legal and moral principle that the international community could, and sometimes must, assert jurisdiction to address mass crimes when domestic systems fail. Despite that precedent, global reactions to …

Beyond City Limits: Access To Adr And Child Client-Directed Counsel In Missouri’S Rural Family Courts, Reghan Matlock

Journal of Dispute Resolution

Reba McEntire once sang, “Don’t trust your soul to no backwoods southern lawyer”—a warning that still echoes in today’s debates about rural justice and representation. The catchy murder ballad captures a story driven by dramatic family ties and a broken justice system. While the song exaggerates for effect, it taps into a realistic concern: an existing divide in access to justice between rural and urban communities. This divide impacts all areas of law, including family law—where concerns about confidentiality and privacy are heightened because small communities make it difficult to shield sensitive matters from public view. The divide is troubling, …

Reforming Mediation: The Hidden Inequities Shaped By Race, Gender, And Power, Victoria Seever

Journal of Dispute Resolution

Courts and policymakers often promote family dispute resolution as a faster, less adversarial alternative to traditional litigation. Yet for many women of color, the mediation table often replicates the same racial and gender power imbalances that the legal system claims to mitigate. Family Dispute Resolution (“FDR”) often fails women of color by reinforcing racialized and gendered power imbalances. Alternative dispute resolution (“ADR”), especially mediation, presents both an opportunity and a risk in divorce, custody, and intimate partner violence (“IPV”) cases. IPV cases become especially difficult with the various laws in different states that govern how mediation should be used and …

An Exploratory Analysis Of Neurocognitive Performance And Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (Ptsd) Among Latinx Asylum Seekers, Elsie A. Arias

Doctoral Dissertations

Asylum seekers are exposed to violence and traumatic events in their home countries at high rates, leading to mental health challenges such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD symptoms and comorbidities such as depression and alcohol misuse are associated with impacts to multiple domains of cognitive functioning among populations such as Veterans. However, the neurocognitive performance of Latinx asylum seekers who experience PTSD symptoms are under-documented in the current literature despite its meaningful impact on clinical care engagement and navigation of the legal process. This study utilized an exploratory, quantitative, cross-sectional design to examine whether higher levels of self-reported PTSD, …

Presidential Immunity: Before And After Trump, Thomas P. Schmidt

Faculty Scholarship

“All the officers of government,” the Supreme Court said long ago, “from the highest to the lowest, are creatures of the law, and are bound to obey it.” Despite that ringing and categorical language, however, the Court has held that the President — the “highest” and most powerful of all government officers — is “immune” from judicial oversight in several respects. Indeed, when the Court held last Term that former presidents are presumptively immune from criminal prosecution for officials acts, the dissenters warned: “In every use of official power, the President is now a king above the law.”

This Article …

Classical Liberalism And Property, Thomas W. Merrill

Faculty Scholarship

Classical liberalism is characterized by several key attributes. Its central normative criterion is the well‑being of the individual, not some aggregate like society or the nation‑state. Individuals are presumptively regarded as responsible actors, capable of judging their own best interests and accountable for their actions that interfere with the well‑being of others. Because individuals are presumptively regarded as responsible actors, there is a strong preference for imposing only minimal obligations on them through the power of the state, and these usually involve general negative duties that are universal in character, chiefly to forbear from using force or fraud to interfere …

There Is No Free Benchmark: An Institutional View Of Legal Ai Benchmarking, Neel Guha, Andy K. Zhang, Christine Tsang, Christopher D. Manning, Julian Nyarko, Daniel E. Ho

Faculty Scholarship

Despite substantial excitement around the use of AI in law, little information exists on the performance and associated risks of the domain’s widely marketed tools. Recent work, for instance, has demonstrated the significant potential for “hallucinations” — wherein models make up facts, law, and precedent — leading Chief Justice Roberts to spotlight this risk in his annual report on the judiciary. We argue that there is a need for public AI benchmarking in law. First, relative to other AI application domains, the legal AI ecosystem lacks legibility — there is little information about the design and performance of many commercial …

What Is To Be Done About The Radical Far-Right?, Bernard E. Harcourt

Faculty Scholarship

The far Right in America has become radical. In the process, it has outmaneuvered the progressives. In the first months of his second mandate, President Trump has mounted a revolution (or counterrevolution) against the liberal democratic state. Steve Bannon said he was Leninist and wanted to “smash the state.” President Trump has done just that. In this essay, I explore the far Right’s embrace of Lenin. I return to the Hegelian roots of Lenin’s politics to explain what he meant by “smashing the state machine.” I then argue that the Left should reclaim Lenin’s dialectics and his call, in the …

Free Expression And Civil Rights On Campus: Consistency And The Kant-Rawls Heuristic, David M. Schizer

Faculty Scholarship

Universities learned hard lessons in the months after Hamas attacked Israel on October 7. 2023. This painful and challenging time highlighted the urgent need to pursue two critical goals, which sometimes are in tension with each other. First, universities have to protect academic freedom and free expression. This is their life blood. Second, universities also have to honor their legal and moral obligation to combat discrimination, including antisemitism.

Yet this is easier said than done. Protecting free expression means allowing speech that is controversial and even offensive. But this speech can contribute to a hostile environment. So, in seeking both …

Public, Private, Acquired, Alexander I. Platt, Matthew T. Wansley

Articles

For the last quarter-century, IPOs have been declining. SEC officials usually attribute the decline to startups’ choices to stay private. But that explanation is incomplete. As startups grow, they face a three-way choice between going public, staying private, and being acquired, and they have increasingly chosen the third option. In this Essay, we show how securities regulation pushes startups towards acquisitions by increasing the cost of raising capital and accessing liquidity in both public and private markets. We consider how the trend towards acquisitions could reduce competition, innovation, opportunities for diversification, and transparency. And we offer suggestions for how the …

Dari Coattail Ke Midterm Check: Pergeseran Patologi Presidensialisme Dan Rekayasa Baru Keserentakan Pemilu, Fitra Arsil

Jurnal Konstitusi & Demokrasi

This article offers a reinterpretation of the concurrent election practice in a multiparty presidential system. Traditionally, concurrent elections were designed as a constitutional mechanism to prevent political deadlock by aligning executive power with legislative support. However, the dynamics of contemporary presidentialism have raised a new problem: the threat to democracy now often comes from a president who is too powerful because he or she has succeeded in drawing nearly all political forces into an oversized coalition. This massive coalition ultimately becomes a tool of executive domination that legally narrows the space for opposition and undermines the oversight function of parliament. …

Konstitusionalitas Kebijakan Penanaman Modal Asing Sebagai Penerapan Konsep Hak Menguasai Negara Menurut Uud Nri 1945, Rico Novianto, Satya Arinanto, Fatmawati Fatmawati

Jurnal Konstitusi & Demokrasi

This article analyzes how the state position in foreign investment as an instrument for realizing public prosperity. Throughout the history of Indonesian governance, foreign capital has been a tool that can be used and has its own constitutional basis. However, if it is too large and the lack of adequate regulation of foreign investment to maintain the investment climate, it has become one of the causes of the economic and multidimensional crisis, especially around 1998 in Indonesia. In fact, the constitution has mandated an economic system based on the concept of state control, the principles of economic democracy, and the …

คำเสนอปิดผนึกเพื่อประนอมข้อพิพาทในการอนุญาโตตุลาการระหว่างประเทศ (Sealed Offer In International Arbitration), Suwit Suwan

Chulalongkorn University Law Journal

คำชี้ขาดที่เกิดจากกระบวนการอนุญาโตตุลาการระหว่างประเทศมักจะลงท้ายด้วยส่วนที่เป็นประกาศิต 2 ส่วน ส่วนแรกเป็นคำชี้ขาดที่ว่าด้วยจำนวนค่าเสียหาย ค่าสินไหมทดแทนที่ฝ่ายแพ้คดีจะต้องชำระหรือใช้คืนให้แก่ฝ่ายชนะคดีหรือปฏิบัติการชำระหนี้รูปแบบอื่นให้แก่ฝ่ายที่ชนะคดี รวมเรียกว่าเป็นคำชี้ขาดในเนื้อความแห่งคดี ส่วนที่สองเป็นคำชี้ขาดในเรื่องค่าใช้จ่ายซึ่งมักกำหนดจำนวนค่าใช้จ่ายในการอนุญาโตตุลาการที่ฝ่ายแพ้คดีต้องชำระหรือใช้คืนให้แก่ฝ่ายชนะคดี เรียกว่าคำชี้ขาดในส่วนค่าใช้จ่าย ค่าใช้จ่ายในการอนุญาโตตุลาการมีจำนวนสูงขึ้นอย่างสม่ำเสมอ แม้ว่าเทคโนโลยีจะได้รับการพัฒนาให้ก้าวหน้าอย่างต่อเนื่องและมีการนำเอาเทคโนโลยีมาใช้ในกระบวนการอนุญาโตตุลาการอย่างกว้างขวางก็ตาม คู่พิพาทฝ่ายที่แพ้คดีอนุญาโตตุลาการระหว่างประเทศนอกจากต้องแบกรับภาระค่าใช้จ่ายของตนแล้วยังจะถูกบังคับโดยคำชี้ขาดให้เข้ารับภาระหรือชดใช้ค่าใช้จ่ายของฝ่ายที่ชนะคดีด้วย ทั้งนี้เป็นไปตามหลักเกณฑ์ที่ว่า “Costs follow the event” หรือ “ผู้แพ้เป็นผู้รับผิดชอบค่าใช้จ่าย” ที่ถือปฏิบัติกันอยู่ในวงการอนุญาโตตุลาการระหว่างประเทศ หลักเกณฑ์นี้กำเนิดขึ้นในประเทศอังกฤษ ต่อมาถูกนำไปใช้กันอย่างแพร่หลายทั่วโลกทั้งในประเทศคอมมอนลอว์และประเทศซิวิลลอว์ คู่พิพาทที่หวั่นวิตกว่าจะต้องรับภาระค่าใช้จ่ายที่สูงลิ่วหากตนตกเป็นฝ่ายแพ้คดี สามารถนำเอาวิธีการยื่นคำเสนอปิดผนึกเพื่อประนอมข้อพิพาทมาใช้เป็นเครื่องมือจำกัดหรือลดค่าใช้จ่ายดังกล่าว หลักปฏิบัติในเรื่องการทำคำเสนอปิดผนึกเพื่อประนอมข้อพิพาทถือเป็นเรื่องใหม่สำหรับประเทศไทย ผู้เขียนมีความประสงค์ที่จะนำเสนอหลักกฎหมายและประเพณีปฏิบัติในเรื่องดังกล่าวที่แพร่หลายอยู่ในสถาบันอนุญาโตตุลาการหลักของโลกให้ผู้ประกอบธุรกิจและนักกฎหมายไทยได้รับทราบและนำไปใช้ให้เป็นประโยชน์หากต้องเข้าไปเกี่ยวพันกับการอนุญาโตตุลาการระหว่างประเทศ

การบังคับใช้กฎหมายว่าด้วยหนี้ในทางปฏิบัติให้เสร็จสิ้นครบถ้วนตามกระบวนการแห่งกฎหมายวิธีพิจารณาความแพ่ง (Practical Enforcement Of The Law Of Obligations: Ensuring Complete Execution Under The Civil Procedure Law), Jutaporn Chaidejsuriya

Chulalongkorn University Law Journal

บทความวิจัยนี้มุ่งศึกษาความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างหลักกฎหมายว่าด้วยหนี้ตามประมวลกฎหมายแพ่งและพาณิชย์ กับหลักเกณฑ์การเสนอคดีตามประมวลกฎหมายวิธีพิจารณาความแพ่ง อันเป็นกลไกสำคัญในการบังคับใช้สิทธิของเจ้าหนี้ในทางปฏิบัติ เนื่องจาก “หนี้” เป็นบุคคลสิทธิ เจ้าหนี้จึงไม่อาจบังคับชำระหนี้ได้ด้วยตนเอง แต่ต้องเสนอคดีต่อศาลเพื่อบังคับให้ชำระหนี้ การวิจัยนี้เป็นการวิจัยเชิงหลักกฎหมาย (Doctrinal Legal Research) โดยวิเคราะห์ประเด็นสำคัญเกี่ยวกับหนี้ 7 ประการ ได้แก่ การบอกกล่าวลูกหนี้กับอำนาจฟ้อง การบังคับชำระหนี้ การเรียกดอกเบี้ยกรณีลูกหนี้ผิดนัด การใช้สิทธิเรียกร้องของลูกหนี้ การโอนสิทธิเรียกร้อง การเพิกถอนการฉ้อฉล และอายุความบังคับจำนอง ทั้งนี้ ผู้วิจัยได้จำแนกบทบัญญัติว่าด้วยหนี้ออกเป็น 3 ประเภท ได้แก่ (1) บทบัญญัติที่มีเนื้อหาไม่ครอบคลุมเกี่ยวกับการเสนอคดี (2) บทบัญญัติที่กำหนดวิธีไว้แต่ไม่ครบถ้วนหรือมีปัญหาในการตีความ และ (3) บทบัญญัติที่ไม่สอดคล้องกับกฎหมายวิธีพิจารณาความแพ่ง แล้วนำมาวิเคราะห์เชื่อมโยงกับบทบัญญัติในประมวลกฎหมายวิธีพิจารณาความแพ่ง รวมถึงศึกษาจากตำราและแนวคำพิพากษาศาลฎีกา ผลการศึกษาพบว่า การบังคับใช้กฎหมายว่าด้วยหนี้ให้มีประสิทธิภาพ จำเป็นต้องตีความและบังคับใช้สอดคล้องกับกฎหมายวิธีพิจารณาความแพ่ง ซึ่งผลลัพธ์ของงานวิจัยนี้จะช่วยลดปัญหาทางปฏิบัติและเสริมสร้างความเข้าใจที่ถูกต้องแก่ผู้ศึกษากฎหมายและผู้ปฏิบัติงานในคดีแพ่ง

Ice Arrests In The Mountain West, 2025, Cason Noll, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Criminal Justice

This fact sheet presents data from the Prison Policy Initiative briefing on Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) arrest data for the five Mountain West states of Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah from January to October of 2025.  This fact sheet reports the number of ICE arrests by location and arrest rates per 100,000 residents in each Mountain West state.

Syarat Usia Presiden Dan Wakil Presiden Dalam Perspektif Konstitusi Dan Konstitusionalisme: Makna Dan Kriteria, Ardhes Blandhivay Leuanan, Mei Susanto

Jurnal Konstitusi & Demokrasi

In order to investigate the inconsistent interpretations of the Constitutional Court regarding the age requirements for presidential and vice-presidential candidates, this study will analyze the dynamics of determining age requirements from the perspective of the 1945 Constitution and the principles of constitutionalism. A socio-legal approach is used in the normative research method to analyze the Constitutional Court's decisions in light of the social and political factors that shaped them. According to the results, Constitutional Court Ruling No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023 marks a turning point in the evolution of Indonesian constitutional law. Initially, there was no strict interpretation of the age limits for …

Penolakan Penghapusan Kolom Agama Pada Kartu Tanda Penduduk: Krítík Terhadap Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 146/Puu-Xxii/2024, Krisna Bagas Purwopangestu, Nicholas Gerard Felix Simeone

Jurnal Konstitusi & Demokrasi

This article examines the Constítutíonal Court (MK) Decisíon No. 146/PUU–XXII/2024 which rejected the request to delete the religion column on the Identity Card (KTP). The Decision affirms that every Indonesian citizen must declare their religion or belief in God as expected by Pancasila and the constitutional mandate. The Constitutional Court stated that “not having a religion or belief in God cannot be considered as freedom of religion”. The Constitutional Court Decision has revived the dispute on the urgency of including religion identity on the KTP, especially about the relation between administrative requirements, the legal system of Indonesia, and protection of …

Reorientasi Kebijakan Pelindungan Anak Terhadap Adiksi Internet Dalam Perspektif Pemenuhan Hak Konstitusional Di Indonesia, I Kadek Agus Aditya Firmantara, Bagus Hermanto

Jurnal Konstitusi & Demokrasi

This article examines the paradigm shift in child protection policy in the digital environment through Government Regulation Number 17 of 2025 concerning the Governance of Electronic System Providers for Child Protection (PP TUNAS) from the perspective of fulfilling children's constitutional rights in Indonesia. The study is motivated by the increasing use of the internet by children, which not only exposes them to risks such as harmful content, sexual exploitation, and misuse of personal data, but also creates the risk of internet addiction that may adversely affect children's health, education, and overall development. Despite these concerns, internet addiction has not been …