Law Commons^™

Energy In The Portuguese Climate Framework Law, Rute Saraiva

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

The Portuguese Climate Framework Law of 2021 has been underassessed by legal scholars. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to evaluate it through an energy lens. Through a close analysis of the legal text, the article seeks, firstly, to determine how the climate-energy relationship is treated, and then to understand the challenges that arise in implementing this Law, especially its interaction with the Environmental Policy Basis Law of 2014.

Entire Issue Vol. 14 No. 2

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

Vol 14(2)

Deliberately Queer Journal Editors' Note For Volume One, Sean Te Maulding, Mel Monier

Deliberately Queer Journal

No abstract provided.

O Wyodrębnianiu Się Prawa Zmian Klimatu, Monika A. Król

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

W ostatnich trzech dekadach zaważamy wzrost jurydyzacji problematyki odnoszącej się do zmian klimatu zarówno na płaszczyźnie międzynarodowej, unijnej, jak i krajowej. W doktrynie prawa działania na rzecz ochrony klimatu (przeciwdziałania zmianom i adaptacji do zmian klimatu) identyfikowane są dwojako: jako współczesny nurt prawa ochrony środowiska, ale też wyłaniający się już nowy dział – prawo klimatyczne. Przedmiotem artykułu jest analiza poglądów doktryny dotycząca podziału prawa na gałęzie, ewolucji poglądów co do miejsca prawa ochrony środowiska w systemie prawa, a na tym tle podjęcie badań nad stanowiskiem doktryny uzasadniającym wyodrębnienie nowego działu prawa, jakim jest prawo zmian klimatu. Przeprowadzona analiza poglądów doktryny …

Prawo W Energetyce W Dobie Zmian Klimatu – W Trosce O Przyszłe Pokolenia, Monika A. Król, Sylwia Wojtczak

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

from the managing editors Monika A. Król and Sylwia Wojtczak

Ewolucja Wspólnej Polityki Energetycznej W Europie W Zakresie Odnawialnych Źródeł Energii I Energetyki Jądrowej, Kamil O. Olczak

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

The article presents the evolution of energy policy in the field of renewable energy sources and nuclear energy through the lens of European Union law. The formation of the common energy market in Europe is a process that began in the 1950s and continues to this day. The study outlines legal regulations concerning energy that were included in the Treaties establishing the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Atomic Energy Community. Further on, the introduction of Title XXI “Energy” into the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union provided energy policy with a distinct legal foundation. The …

Otoczenie Regulacyjne Jako Czynnik Warunkujący Rozwój I Efektywne Funkcjonowanie Dolin Wodorowych W Polsce, Hanna Spasowska

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

The construction and development of the hydrogen ecosystem may become an important pillar of the transformation of the Polish economy. It will achieve climate neutrality and remain competitive, while taking advantage of the current leading role of the hydrogen producer. These objectives are to be achieved, among others, by hydrogen valleys, which are being created in an increasing number of Polish regions, and, in accordance with the EU hydrogen strategy, are to become an integrated element of the European hydrogen ecosystem. The construction and functioning of the entire ecosystem, with hydrogen valleys as its key elements, must be coordinated at …

Parę Słów O Zasadach Odpowiedzialności W Prawie Atomowym, Natalia Tucholska

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

This article discusses the issue of liability and basis of liability in nuclear law. It examines the system of nuclear law, and describes liability and its characteristics. The system of liability rules in nuclear law consists of general principles of public law, and following more detailed rules of administrative law, as well as specific rules on liability in nuclear law itself. In this article, the analysis of the issue of liability rules in nuclear law was combined with general considerations regarding the nuclear law system and its structure.

Odnawialne Źródła Energii Na Obszarach Wiejskich, Adam Niewiadomski

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

The geographic location of renewable energy sources (RES) is one of the challenges in economic, agricultural and energy law in Poland, as well as in Europe. Rural areas offer the greatest potential for the placement of renewable energy sites, while ensuring their competitiveness on the market. There is a problem, however, in the lack of clear legal regulations enabling the positioning of renewable energy sources in rural areas. This article evaluates selected legal instruments of spatial planning, which are intended to improve the process of RES development. At the same time, the relationship between the use of rural areas for …

Atomic And/Or Renewable Energy Sources In The Mitigation Of Climate Change In Czech Law, Milan Damohorský

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

Niniejszy artykuł podejmuje analizę ram prawnych regulujących funkcjonowanie energetyki jądrowej oraz odnawialnych źródeł energii w Czechach, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem ich roli w procesie przeciwdziałania zmianie klimatu. W obliczu rosnącego zapotrzebowania na energię oraz pogłębiających się globalnych problemów środowiskowych, czeski porządek prawny ulega dostosowaniom odpowiadającym na wyzwania związane z ochroną klimatu, bezpieczeństwem energetycznym oraz transformacją w kierunku zrównoważonych źródeł energii. Przeprowadzona analiza uwypukla wzajemne relacje pomiędzy krajowym ustawodawstwem czeskim a dyrektywami Unii Europejskiej, a także identyfikuje konflikty prawne i środowiskowe, które pojawiają się w praktyce wdrażania rozwiązań opartych na odnawialnych i jądrowych źródłach energii. Artykuł omawia ponadto kierunki polityki energetycznej oraz …

Robbing The Cradle: Georgia's Battle To Enact "Raise The Age" Legislation Through Hb 462, Elizabeth Hammond

Georgia Criminal Law Review

In the state of Georgia, seventeen-year-olds are not old enough under the law to vote or consume alcohol and tobacco products. Despite this, they are old enough to be criminally tried as adults. Georgia is one of three states that continues to process seventeen-year-old juvenile offenders through the criminal justice system instead of juvenile court. In September 2023, forty-five juveniles were prosecuted as adults and incarcerated in Georgia prisons. This is significant because juvenile offenders experience better outcomes when they are processed through the juvenile court system because juvenile courts account for a youth’s “naturally high capacity for change and …

The Shadow Pandemic: The Response To Domestic Violence In The Wake Of Covid-19 And What We Can Carry Forward, Presley Sneed

Georgia Criminal Law Review

When the COVID-19 virus brought the pandemic to the United States in March of 2020, the legal system was not prepared for the increase in domestic and intimate partner violence that would follow. The United Nations (UN) later identified this social phenomenon as a second pandemic, a “shadow pandemic” that resulted from an increase in stay-at-home orders and a decrease in support services for victims. By the end of 2021, forty-five percent of women globally reported either they themselves or a woman they know had experienced some form of domestic or intimate partner violence since the emergence of COVID-19. One …

Time To Put Down Iq Testing: Analyzing The Unreliability Of Iq Testing In Capital Offenses, Nik Giyanani

Georgia Criminal Law Review

Georgia sentences individuals with intellectual disability (“ID”) to death at an alarming rate. As a result, Georgia has likely executed individuals with ID in violation of the United States Constitution already. These unjust executions are a result of the impossibly high “beyond a reasonable doubt” burden of proof that capital defendants in only Georgia must meet to prove they are intellectually disabled. One large hurdle for defendants attempting to meet this standard is the unreliability of IQ testing. IQ testing, a soft science, provides inconsistent results due to ever-changing variables in the testing process. Additionally, the generally accepted threshold IQ …

The Confined Life: Restrictions On Post-Conviction Sex Offenders Meets Habeas Corpus's "In Custody" Requirement, Christian Futch

Georgia Criminal Law Review

Clements v. Florida is a recent Eleventh Circuit decision holding that the court could not hear the habeas petition of a post-conviction sex offender in Florida since he failed to meet the “in custody” requirement for filing a habeas petition. However, the Eleventh Circuit did not consider the land restrictions in place against the petitioner and other sex offenders in Florida. This decision may leave sex offenders without an avenue to challenge the restrictions in place against them. Such restrictions have led to homelessness and poverty leaving sex offenders with no place to work or live, in poverty, as outcasts …

Misreading The Federal Child Pornography Statutes, Owen Senders

Georgia Criminal Law Review

For the past 40 years, federal courts have committed two grievous textual errors in interpreting the federal child-pornography statutes and sentencing guidelines. These errors have caused hundreds of wrongful convictions—many the bases for decades-long sentences—and have produced a body of caselaw that is profoundly incoherent and in direct conflict with basic tenets of First Amendment doctrine. They have also likely endangered children. This article identifies these errors, surveys their consequences, and suggests legal arguments for people charged or convicted under the child-pornography statutes.

The first error impacts the application of all of the federal child-pornography statutes and sentencing guidelines. These …

Directing Unconstitutional Verdicts: When Judges Become Jurors On Self-Defense, Anjali Pathmanathan

Georgia Criminal Law Review

The right to self-defense is one of the oldest and most universal concepts in Anglo-American criminal law and criminal procedure. Under this defense, an accused person, who honestly believed that using force was necessary to protect themself from imminent danger, did nothing criminal even if another person was harmed as a result. To assert self-defense at trial, however, the accused must admit to intentionally committing the forceful acts alleged to explain how they only used such force to save themself from immediate harm. Once an accused has made such a grave admission, the jury must consider whether the force was …

Filling The Sackett Gap: The Private Governance Option, Michael P. Vandenbergh, Elodie O. Currier Stoffel, Steph Tai

Minnesota Law Review Vols. 106:2 onward (2021-present)

The Supreme Court’s decision in Sackett v. EPA reversed fifty years of federal Clean Water Act wetlands protections and removed federal oversight from roughly half of the wetlands in the United States. This Article proposes a viable new conceptual model and tools to close the Sackett Gap—the gap between the wetlands protected before and after Sackett. Scholars have argued for federal measures to fill the Sackett Gap, but these actions face substantial challenges. Congress is unlikely to adopt new wetlands legislation, agencies are constrained by Sackett’s expansive language, the end of Chevron deference, and the 2024 presidential election, and lower …

Renewable Energy Federalism 2.0, Danielle Stokes

Minnesota Law Review Vols. 106:2 onward (2021-present)

Much like climate change, the clean energy transition presents a “super wicked” problem that is further complicated by prioritizing justice. History has taught us that government regulation, industry innovation, and community engagement are the catalysts of effective transitions. Similarly, the just energy transition requires the support of these interconnected networks. This Essay offers sustainable collaborative governance as a theoretical framework through which decision-makers may filter their assessments, industry can model its metrics, and community can develop language to articulate its needs. Sustainable collaborative governance is also a means of navigating the complexities of renewable energy siting and regulation while fostering …

Catching Nutients In A Net: Collective Action, Institutional Impediments, And The Mississippi River Watershed, Jonathan Rosenbloom

Minnesota Law Review Vols. 106:2 onward (2021-present)

Thousands of local governments in the Mississippi River watershed possess regulatory land use authority. From a narrow law and economics standpoint, when these entities extract from, add to, or pollute the watershed, it may appear as a classic tragedy of the commons problem. The tragedy sounds something like this: local governments act “rationally” to avoid regulating in a way that reduces pollution in the waterway because such regulation would increase costs. Further, local governments avoid paying the costs associated with treating or reducing the level of contaminants in the water before ushering them downstream. While this analysis might partially explain …

The Four Horseman Of The New Separation Of Powers: The Environmental Law Implications Of West Virginia, Sackett, Loper Bright, And Corner Post, Erin Ryan

Minnesota Law Review Vols. 106:2 onward (2021-present)

This Article explores how several of the Supreme Court’s most recent environmental decisions—West Virginia v. EPA, Sackett v. EPA, and Loper Bright v. Raimondo—will shift the constitutional balance of power, and how the polity might respond. Under the pretense of safeguarding legislative power, they consolidate judicial power to decide regulatory issues formerly delegated by the legislature to executive agencies. In so doing, the Court weakened specific environmental laws protecting air, water, and fisheries but also regulatory governance more broadly, by rejecting implementing regulations until Congress acts to specifically authorize them. Corner Post v. Federal Reserve furthers the deregulatory project by …

The Bogeyman Of Environmental Regulation: Federalism, Agency Preemption, And The Roberts Court, Kamaile A.N. Turčan

Minnesota Law Review Vols. 106:2 onward (2021-present)

In a trio of environmental cases—West Virginia v. EPA, Sackett v. EPA, and Loper Bright v. Raimondo—the Roberts Court curtailed the federal regulatory power and produced corresponding deregulatory outcomes under seemingly neutral legal principles. This Article interrogates the doctrinal coherency of the Roberts Court’s jurisprudence by applying the rationales of these cases to climate change litigation. Climate change policies advanced by state and local governmental plaintiffs represent the inverse of what the Court has previously rejected. The regulatory burdens arise under state, not federal, law. In this analysis, the Article advances a previously undertheorized aspect of the trio’s combined effect: …

Foreward: Environmental And Energy Regulation Reformation: Challenges And Solutions After West Virginia V. Epa, Sackett V. Epa, And Loper Bright Enterprises V. Raimondo, Shannon Schooley

Minnesota Law Review Vols. 106:2 onward (2021-present)

No abstract provided.

The Clean Water Act And Avoidance Creep, Jack H.L. Whiteley

Minnesota Law Review Vols. 106:2 onward (2021-present)

In Sackett v. EPA, the Supreme Court set out a test for the Clean Water Act’s jurisdiction over wetlands. The Act, the Court held, protects only those wetlands that have a continuous surface connection to relatively permanent bodies of water like streams, rivers, and lakes. If the connection lies below the surface, or is at the surface but discontinuous, the wetlands are presumed to fall outside the Act’s protections. The ruling, which abruptly curtailed how each administration since the 1970s had understood the Clean Water Act’s jurisdiction, has generated persuasive criticism from environmental scholars. In this Essay, prepared for the …

The Impact Of Loper Bright V. Raimondo: An Empirical Review Of The First Six Months, Robin Kundis Craig

Minnesota Law Review Vols. 106:2 onward (2021-present)

One of the most impactful decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court’s 2023–2024 term was Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo, which overruled the forty-year-old administrative law doctrine of Chevron deference. This doctrine allowed federal agencies to interpret ambiguities in the statutes that they administer. Courts cited Chevron over 18,000 times in its forty-year existence, or roughly 450 times a year—more than once a day, on average. Small wonder, then, that in the first six months after the Supreme Court decided Loper Bright, courts cited it more than 400 times. This article provides an empirical review of what courts are doing with …

Water Flowing Down Wall Street, Vanessa Casado Pérez

Minnesota Law Review Vols. 106:2 onward (2021-present)

Water scarcity is a perennial problem with dire consequences for the United States and governments around the world. A lack of adequate water resources is a systematic cause of environmental harm, economic damage, and societal division. Climate change has exacerbated these problems making water even more valuable and essential. Financial actors have turned water into the new oil. These large financial actors profiteer from buying and selling water without any interest in its actual use as an input of production. Instead, they typically seek to hold these rights until dire situations, like droughts and fires, cause temporary, but large, spikes …

Penyalahgunaan Kekuasaan Dan Viktimisasi Proyek Strategis Nasional Di Pulau Rempang, Dandi Jayusman, Annarentika Faajra Shakhila, Benedikta Wewieta Li Pena, Elly Saskia, Esterlita Nova Yaser Rantung, Heni Nur Febriyanti, Athifah Danika Pramesti

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Implementing the National Strategic Project (PSN) on Rempang Island caused controversy over the abuse of power that harmed some local communities. This research aims to analyze the conception of victims of abuse of power in the implementation of PSN, the structural victimization of PSN, the impact of PSN victimization, and the regulation of the rights of people affected by PSN. The research method used is doctrinal research with statutory regulations, victimology, and case approaches. The study shows that communities who experienced repression and violence during the implementation of PSN on Rempang Island are victims of abuse of power. Structural victimization …

Sosiologi Hukum Dan Perubahan Sosial: Studi Kasus Uu No. 35 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perlindungan Anak Sebagai Respon Terhadap Kesadaran Sosial Yang Meningkat Akan Hak Anak, Fahrul Rozi

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Dalam konteks sosial yang dinamis, kesadaran akan hak anak telah meningkat, terlihat dari perhatian masyarakat terhadap isu-isu seperti kekerasan, eksploitasi, dan diskriminasi. Meskipun UU No. 35 Tahun 2014 memberikan kerangka hukum yang kuat untuk melindungi hak-hak anak, tantangan dalam pelaksanaannya masih ada, termasuk kurangnya sumber daya dan koordinasi antar lembaga. Anak jalanan, sebagai kelompok yang paling rentan, sering kali terjebak dalam siklus kemiskinan dan stigma sosial, yang menghambat upaya perlindungan. Menekankan pentingnya edukasi dan sosialisasi mengenai hak anak, serta peran aktif masyarakat dan media dalam mendukung perlindungan anak. Dengan kolaborasi antara pemerintah, masyarakat, dan lembaga swadaya masyarakat, diharapkan hak-hak anak …

Director, Military Cyber Institute, Joseph Schafer

Military Cyber Affairs

No abstract provided.

Throughput Of Ascon Compared With Popular Iot Encryption Algorithms, Mitchel R. Harvey (Ryan), Andrew M. Kaiser, Garrett W. Hoiness

Military Cyber Affairs

No abstract provided.

Anomaly Detection Of Network Layer Attacks Against Cyber Physical Systems Using Machine Learning And Deep Learning Techniques, James Alger, Michael Tu

Military Cyber Affairs

This research paper presents the analysis of using machine learning and deep learning algorithms on detecting anomalous network traffic in Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). Using a real PLC CPS-based system, normal and anomalous network traffic will be captured using Wireshark. The research analyzes a DDoS attack. The focus of the research is to identify the most effective feature combinations and evaluate them on ML and DL models. The emphasis is on enhancing detection strategies rather than exploiting device vulnerabilities. The detection of network attacks often involves handling a vast array of high-level features. Previous studies (Li & Chasaki, 2022) apply machine …