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Articles 2221 - 2250 of 4223
Full-Text Articles in Systems Science
Research Of Smart Shopping System, Lilong Chen, Jianwen Song, Zhou Wei, Liguo Zhang, Zhigeng Pan
Research Of Smart Shopping System, Lilong Chen, Jianwen Song, Zhou Wei, Liguo Zhang, Zhigeng Pan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Hypermarket is quite large in area, and rich in many different kinds of goods, the customer needs to spend a lot of time looking for the products and waiting in check-out queues; And hypermarket not only needs to invest a lot of manpower and financial resources in links such as shopping guide and check-out, and the efficiency is not high, but also lack of statistical means in spending habits of each customer. It has an important significance in the hypermarket to create a smart shopping system by putting mobile information technology, automatic identification technology (RFID technology, for …
Precisely Algorithm And Simulation Of Plurality Of Random Deployed Circulars’ Total Coverage Area, Zhang Ye, Liu Kui, Yuzhi Chen, Junyang Liu, Jianchao Du
Precisely Algorithm And Simulation Of Plurality Of Random Deployed Circulars’ Total Coverage Area, Zhang Ye, Liu Kui, Yuzhi Chen, Junyang Liu, Jianchao Du
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A precisely algorithm of total coverage area when a plurality of circulars are random deployed and overlapping with each other is needed. The key issues of the solution are the calculating principle of the overlapping area, the differentiation and enumeration of the multi-overlapping circulars, and the calculation of the multi-shaped curved edges. Based on the inclusion-exclusion principle, overlapping area was added or subtracted to the amount area. The computer calculation process was proposed. Because the circulars are random deployed, in order to ensure the area coverage, the area cover rate problem of repeatedly deployment of the circulars were …
Method To Calculate Multi-Objective And H2/H∞ Control Of Vehicle Vertical Vibration System, Jianjun Meng, Bai Huan, Mou Jian, Yin Ming, Xuri Guan
Method To Calculate Multi-Objective And H2/H∞ Control Of Vehicle Vertical Vibration System, Jianjun Meng, Bai Huan, Mou Jian, Yin Ming, Xuri Guan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the disadvantage of single object in railway vehicle damping system,the multi-objective optimal control law of railway vehicle damping system was devised to balance shock absorption control and energy saving control. To improve the riding comfortability and reduce the energy consumption, the multi-objective H2/H∞ output-feedback controller based on LMI was developed for an active suspension of 6-DOF vertical vibration model of railway vehicle. Norm H2 of the actuator output was taken as the energy consumption indexes, and norm H∞ of the vertical vibration displacement, the acceleration and the nutation angle was taken as …
Simulation On The Asynchronous Reverse Ventilation In Multi-Airshaft Mine, Zongxiang Li, Baosheng Lu, Tianming Wang, Yadi Wang
Simulation On The Asynchronous Reverse Ventilation In Multi-Airshaft Mine, Zongxiang Li, Baosheng Lu, Tianming Wang, Yadi Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To describe accurately the change process of airflow and gas in mine ventilation system during mine reverse ventilation period, the software TF1M3D was used to research the asynchronous reverse ventilation in multi-airshaft mine. The possible appeared three ventilator working conditions that shutdown, single operation, dual machine operation were defined and the according three codes were given respectively which were used to be the judgment of ventilator working condition. A numerical simulation test was made with the eighth of Hebi Colliery, the simulation results is consistent with the actual testing records of gas density. At the beginning of reverse …
Design And Simulation Of Regional Differently Filtering Method Of Fbp Algorithm For Multilayer Spherical Shell, Jingtao Xia, Qunshu Wang, Jiming Ma, Hei Dongwei, Sheng Liang, Fuli Wei, Guzhou Song
Design And Simulation Of Regional Differently Filtering Method Of Fbp Algorithm For Multilayer Spherical Shell, Jingtao Xia, Qunshu Wang, Jiming Ma, Hei Dongwei, Sheng Liang, Fuli Wei, Guzhou Song
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the CT detection technology research for multilayer spherical shell with great density difference, the parallel beam CT projection and image reconstruction system model were built and a software platform was developed. Combined with theoretical analysis and computer simulation, the filtering method of FBP theory for image reconstruction was focused on. A special scanning mode was limited to make the projection sinogram of multilayer spherical shell show a regional spatial distribution, which was divided up combined with image analysis and priori knowledge. Then, according to the frequency characteristic and reconstruction demand, RL and SL functions were respectively used …
Research Of Non-Dead-Time Control Method On Single-Phase Off-Grid Inverter Based On H6 Topology, Kun Xia, Li Jing, Ge Yue, Lirong Shen, Yiming Wang, Xu Po
Research Of Non-Dead-Time Control Method On Single-Phase Off-Grid Inverter Based On H6 Topology, Kun Xia, Li Jing, Ge Yue, Lirong Shen, Yiming Wang, Xu Po
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A novel non-dead-time control strategy based on H6 topology was proposed. Through detecting the value and direction of the output voltage and current of inductor, the power switches of bridge arm were modulated if they were in the same direction, and the freewheeling switches were modulated if they were opposite. In order to protect the DC bus voltage from shorting out, the dead time should be added during the zero-crossing of voltage and current. And the states of switches were adjusted by calculation of the control module. Then most dead time could be eliminated. The simulation model for the …
Assessment Model Of Conflict Probability At Airport Surface Intersection, Weijun Pan, Xiaolin Luo, Kang Rui, Chenyu Huang, Zhenghong Xia, Wenbin Qiu
Assessment Model Of Conflict Probability At Airport Surface Intersection, Weijun Pan, Xiaolin Luo, Kang Rui, Chenyu Huang, Zhenghong Xia, Wenbin Qiu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Based on aircraft characteristics, the assessment model of conflict probability at airport surface intersection was studied to ensure the safety of airport ground safety. The engine jet effect distance was introduced to expand the scope of intersection conflict, describing the process of aircraft conflict. The model with the actual operation data was verified, and the speed interval's impact on the model was analyzed and discussed. In the view of three motion states of aircraft, this model analyzed the variations in conflict probability. When speed variation range is 0.5m/s, probability analysis of the conflict is more ideal, and can improve …
New Voltage Balancing Method For Cascaded Rectifier Based On Predictive Power Model, Hongbin Pan, Linhai Liu, Zhiyong Xiao, Sicheng Ou, Maokun Zhu, Fen Xu
New Voltage Balancing Method For Cascaded Rectifier Based On Predictive Power Model, Hongbin Pan, Linhai Liu, Zhiyong Xiao, Sicheng Ou, Maokun Zhu, Fen Xu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The dq synchronous system was built by constructing virtual orthogonal voltage and current based on second order generalized integrator. The predictive power model was derived to construct main control system of cascaded H-bridge rectifier combining the instantaneous power theory, which took the duty cycle of active and reactive power as control object. Then, a new voltage balancing control strategy was proposed dealing with the problem of DC voltage imbalance in cascaded H-bridge rectifier. The modification of active power was obtained by the voltage balance controller when the objective function of coupling effect achieves minimum and the active power was …
Simulation Technology Research On Streak Tube Imaging Lidar, Wenze Xia, Shaokun Han, Jingya Cao
Simulation Technology Research On Streak Tube Imaging Lidar, Wenze Xia, Shaokun Han, Jingya Cao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A simulation model on streak tube imaging lidar was introduced. The range equation of lidar, the pulse model of illuminating laser and the scanning equation were used in the model. The system noise was analyzed. The experiment result shows the effectiveness of proposed simulation model. The effect of the pulse laser peak power on distance precision of reconstructed range image was analyzed. This method provided theoretical guidance and desired result inspection for designing of the streak tube imaging lidar.
Energy Consumption Analysis Of Discrete Manufacturing Based On Improved Principal Component Analysis Method, Chen Yan, Wang Yan
Energy Consumption Analysis Of Discrete Manufacturing Based On Improved Principal Component Analysis Method, Chen Yan, Wang Yan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Due to the complexity of energy consumption of the discrete manufacturing system and the interaction between energy consumption indexes, the result of energy consumption analysis is hard to obtain, establishing energy efficiency evaluation index of discrete system, based on the three levels of energy consumption of products, equipment energy efficiency, the energy efficiency of task process. Furthermore, a method was proposed to analyze the discrete manufacturing process energy consumption based on improved principal component analysis method. The method introduced importance weights, overcame the shortcoming of traditional component analysis, which only emphasized the information weights, combined the subjective and …
Investigation Of Hybrid Positioning Algorithm Based On Wifi, Fucheng Yin, Wu Dong, Wang Yan, Zhicheng Ji
Investigation Of Hybrid Positioning Algorithm Based On Wifi, Fucheng Yin, Wu Dong, Wang Yan, Zhicheng Ji
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: TDOA(Time Difference of Arrival) and AOA(Angel of Arrival) methods require additional sensing mechanisms and have poor positioning accuracy used in WiFi environment, so a novel TDOAAOE hybrid positioning algorithm was proposed. The proposed algorithm used the AOE (Angle of Emission) information instead of AOA information to estimate the position of a WiFi-based mobile terminal. In this method, access points emitted signals with angle information encoded in beacon packets through directional antennas; which was rotated by motors. WiFi-based mobile devices estimated angles of the access points by receiving and decoding these beacon packets, which calculated the position themselves. This method …
Self-Adaptive Multi-Swarm Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm, Xuewen Xia, Bojian Wang, Jin Chang, Guoliang He, Chengwang Xie, Wei Bo
Self-Adaptive Multi-Swarm Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm, Xuewen Xia, Bojian Wang, Jin Chang, Guoliang He, Chengwang Xie, Wei Bo
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To overcome the shortcomings of poor ability to escape a local optimal, premature convergence and low precision of the traditional particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO), a self-adaptive multi-swarm particle swarm optimization (SMPSO) was proposed. In SMPSO, the whole population was divided into many parallel-evolution multi-swarms, the aim of which was to keep diversity of the population. Furthermore, a self-adaptive regrouping operator was proposed to reinforce the information sharing and interaction between different swarms. In addition, particles’ historical information were periodic sampling and the statistics results were used to direct the best solution to carry out a detecting …
Digital Simulation And Synthesis Of Yunnan Out-Of-Print Woodcuts Based On Nicks, Li Jie, Jianxia Hou, Xuesong Wang, Xu Dan, Yuanyuan Pu
Digital Simulation And Synthesis Of Yunnan Out-Of-Print Woodcuts Based On Nicks, Li Jie, Jianxia Hou, Xuesong Wang, Xu Dan, Yuanyuan Pu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Woodcut printing is a painting, in which knife and wood block are used instead of pen and paper. Yunnan out-of-print woodcut is an extension of the woodcut printing. By working with a single block and multiple printings, Yunnan out-of-print woodcut can produce special effects of color overlap. Following the working process of it, an automatic method was studied based on nicks to synthesize a virtual Yunnan out-of-print woodcut. Image was sliced out by using color clustering. A global orientation field was got which reflected the gradient information. Real nicks guided by streamlines was placed based on orientation field. The …
Effective T2fpso-Based T2fsvm Scene Classification Algorithm, Shuqiong Xu, Conggui Yuan
Effective T2fpso-Based T2fsvm Scene Classification Algorithm, Shuqiong Xu, Conggui Yuan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A systematic design methodology of Type-2 Fuzzy Particle Swarm Optimization (T2FPSO) based Type-2 Fuzzy Support Vector Machine (T2FSVM) classification system was proposed for scene image to improve selectivity and robustness in the machine vision. In the novel classification system, the T2FSVM model was presented to realize a comprehensive learning of the correct class and show the superiority of the generalization capability for classification problem. Furthermore, in order to improve the performance of PSO on complex uncertain environments, the type-2 fuzzy concept was incorporated to PSO to construct T2FPSO searching algorithm, in which the interval type-2 fuzzy inertia weight …
Flow Visualization Based On Enhanced Streamline Line Integral Convolution, Han Min, Haichao Zhang, Maosong Bian, Danchen Zheng
Flow Visualization Based On Enhanced Streamline Line Integral Convolution, Han Min, Haichao Zhang, Maosong Bian, Danchen Zheng
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to show the flow information clearly and reduce the calculation of linear integral convolution, an enhanced streamline linear integral convolution algorithm was proposed. The generation of streamlines were improved. Critical points were detected and the points’ area with a gradient fill was generated. Combined two integration methods in different areas, the integration step was updated adaptively. Utilizing the parallelism of GPU and GLSL (OpenGL shading language), the algorithm further improved the sharpness of the output image. Experiments show that the improved linear integral convolution algorithm posses both the speedability and the precision. And the flow visualization of …
Research On Characteristics Of City Agglomeration Compound Traffic Network, Chengbing Li, Wei Lei, Yucheng Hao
Research On Characteristics Of City Agglomeration Compound Traffic Network, Chengbing Li, Wei Lei, Yucheng Hao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to serve the economic development of city agglomeration, revealing the characteristics of city agglomeration compound traffic network was focused on. The model of city agglomeration compound traffic network was built using the site mapping method based on analysis of the structure of city agglomeration compound traffic network. The characteristics and specific calculation method based on complex network theory were put forward. Compound traffic network of road and rail traffic network was generated through an empirical study of Hu-Bao-E city group, and node degree, node degree distribution, average path length, clustering coefficient of this network be computed …
Global Optimized Photovoltaic Mppt Algorithm Based On Pso And Incremental Conductance Method, Yunjun Yu, Liu Tao, Shisheng Wang, Jianbo Xin, Xiaohua Nie
Global Optimized Photovoltaic Mppt Algorithm Based On Pso And Incremental Conductance Method, Yunjun Yu, Liu Tao, Shisheng Wang, Jianbo Xin, Xiaohua Nie
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The P-V array characteristic curve exhibits a plurality of local maximum power point under conditions of partial shading. The incremental conductance method maybe track an extreme value point that is not the largest power point, thus lead to tracking failure. The PSO algorithm has the characteristics of global optimization, but its tracking precision is deficient. A global MPPT algorithm based on PSO algorithm by incremental conductance method was proposed, PSO algorithm could quickly locate to the approximate global MPP, INC could further precise the MPP. Compared to the traditional incremental conductance method Simulink simulation and the research when …
Viability Control Of Rigid Body Wheeled Robots For High Speed Obstacle Avoidance, Liu Lei, Gao Yan, Yuepeng Wu
Viability Control Of Rigid Body Wheeled Robots For High Speed Obstacle Avoidance, Liu Lei, Gao Yan, Yuepeng Wu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The robot is taken as a point during most existing obstacle avoidance control methods for wheeled robot. These methods have limitations in actual situation. When a robot is considered as a rigid body, in order to get high speed performance, the relationship between robot model, contour and obstacle should be considered in detail. An approach to avoiding obstacle with high speed based on viability theory was proposed for wheeled robots. The line features were extracted from the obstacles, and then high dimension viability boundaries were designed via these features, rigid body contours and states of the robot. According to …
Grey Wolf Optimizer For Parameters Identification Of Induction Motor With Improved Model, Xiaoyi Lü, Huang Song, Wang Yan, Zhicheng Ji
Grey Wolf Optimizer For Parameters Identification Of Induction Motor With Improved Model, Xiaoyi Lü, Huang Song, Wang Yan, Zhicheng Ji
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: According to the problems of inaccurate parameters estimation of the induction motor in high-performance control, a grey wolf optimizer was used to identify the parameters of the induction motor. Grey wolf optimizer is a new meta-heuristic. It is simple and flexible to implement, and has fewer parameters to tune. Considering that two typical dynamic mathematical models have different identification precision on different parameters, the improved identification model of the induction motor was proposed. Compared with typical model, simulation results show that the proposed model obviously improves the identification performance of resistances especially stator resistance, verifying the validity …
Energy Efficiency Optimization For Discrete Manufacturing Workshop Based On Discrete Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization Algorithm, Junhui Xu, Wang Yan
Energy Efficiency Optimization For Discrete Manufacturing Workshop Based On Discrete Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization Algorithm, Junhui Xu, Wang Yan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Because the discrete manufacturing workshop is multi-objective and multi-constraint, an energy efficiency optimization model whose optimization objective was to minimize the total energy consumption was built for discrete manufacturing workshop. Besides, an improved teaching-learningbased (TLBO) optimization algorithm for discrete energy efficiency workshop optimization was proposed. This improved algorithm introduced adaptive parameter in training phase to improve the learning efficiency and adaptability of the algorithm. In addition, second discrete process was introduced in the teaching stage and learning stage, respectively. This algorithm could be applied to the optimization of discrete manufacturing workshop under the precondition of ensuring the …
Modeling And Simulation Of Offshore Support Vessel Anchoring Operation, Hongbo Sun, Chaojian Shi, Wenjin Lin
Modeling And Simulation Of Offshore Support Vessel Anchoring Operation, Hongbo Sun, Chaojian Shi, Wenjin Lin
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to understand the configurations of mooring line and working wire, tension variation at release point of working wire and the influence of the offshore support vessel during anchoring operation, a mathematical models of OSV anchoring operation was established. According to the MMG (Ship Manoeuvring Mathematical Model Group) ship motion mathematical modeling theory, a 6dof ship motion mathematical model was built. And a 6dof cable motion mathematical model was established with finite difference method. A coupling ship-cable-anchor-cable system model was established. The system motion simulations were carried out, and the results indicate that the model …
Modeling And Simulation Of Boiler Superheated Steam Temperature System Based On System Dynamics, Le Wei, Yuanyuan Yan
Modeling And Simulation Of Boiler Superheated Steam Temperature System Based On System Dynamics, Le Wei, Yuanyuan Yan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Based on the principle of system dynamics, from the perspective of mass and energy conservation, taking the causal loop diagrams and the stock and flow diagrams as the carriers, and starting from the running mechanism of the system, the system dynamics model for the boiler superheated steam temperature system was established. This model has clear structure and reasonable complexity. By using the high temperature super-heater of the 300 MW boiler-turbine unit of Hebei Qingyuan Power Plant as the research object, simulation studies were carried out in Vensim PLE environment. The simulation curves were compared with the curves of …
Modeling And Simulation On Dynamics Of Epidemic Disease Based On Social Division Of Labor, Haibin Li
Modeling And Simulation On Dynamics Of Epidemic Disease Based On Social Division Of Labor, Haibin Li
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Prediction is an essential part of the epidemic prevention and control system, and it is of great significance to accurately establish a dynamic model of epidemiological evolution. The existing epidemiological modeling methods rarely consider the social division of labor of different groups. The entire group is divided into three subgroups, the ordinary residents, the social service personnel, and the front-line medical workers. Based on the heterogeneous uniform mixing theory, the subgroup adjacency matrix is used to represent the contact relationship between individuals, and a time-lapse dynamic model of epidemic spread and evolution is established. The simulation results show that …
Combining Crf And Deformable Part Model For Pedestrian Detection, Ma Ji, Jingjiao Li, Ma Li, Zhao Yue
Combining Crf And Deformable Part Model For Pedestrian Detection, Ma Ji, Jingjiao Li, Ma Li, Zhao Yue
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Pedestrian detection has been widely used in many fields. It is one of the focus in computer vision. The part-based detection method in the pedestrian detection shows excellent performance and has a strong adaptability in posture change of human body. But it is not good for Occlusion problem. When the Discriminative threshold is higher, miss rate is very high. Considering the disadvantage of LSVM method for mining hidden information, a two layers classifier was proposed based on the deformable parts model establishing conditional random field model for Occlusion problem. For learning model parameters, the stochastic gradient descent and …
Planar Structure Reconstruction For Indoor Scenes With Kinectfusion, Chenjianong Cai, Yifei Shi, Xu Kai, Dang Gang
Planar Structure Reconstruction For Indoor Scenes With Kinectfusion, Chenjianong Cai, Yifei Shi, Xu Kai, Dang Gang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Online scanning and reconstruction with KinectFusion has greatly improved real-time reconstruction of indoor scenes with consumer depth camera. However, due to the limitation of depth resolution of current depth cameras, the quality of reconstructed scenes is in general unsatisfactory. This is especially true for planar structures which are commonly seen in indoor scenes and important in defining the major structure of an indoor room. A novel method was proposed for extracting and reconstructing planar structures from point clouds of indoor scenes scanned acquired by KinectFusion.
Simulation Model Of Crowd Following Phenomenon In Emergencies, Fang Hao, Liu Zhen, Lu Tao, Liangping Liu, Tingting Liu, Cuijuan Liu
Simulation Model Of Crowd Following Phenomenon In Emergencies, Fang Hao, Liu Zhen, Lu Tao, Liangping Liu, Tingting Liu, Cuijuan Liu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Researches on crowd behavior in emergent events are important practical significance for emergency management, most of the current crowd models are collision detection, motion plan and so on. According to the emergency scene analysis of surveillance video, following behaviors of crowd are obviously, modeling following behaviors is an interesting topic in crowd simulation. A following model was proposed based on classical social force model and OCEAN personlity theory, the concept of panic was introduced,, and following conditions of individual was set up, the speed formulas of individual were constructed. Experimental results show that the following model can closely simulate …
Real-Time Rendering Of Large-Scale Coastal Water Based On Adaptive Optimization, Shunli Wang, Fengju Kang, Jianhua Xu
Real-Time Rendering Of Large-Scale Coastal Water Based On Adaptive Optimization, Shunli Wang, Fengju Kang, Jianhua Xu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Focusing on the complex of the wave model and the poor performance of real-time in the large-scale coastal water visualization, a new method based on adaptive optimization for coastal water rendering in real-time was proposed. By introducing the automatic merging algorithm, the complex wave model could be constructed. According to the collision detection technology, the water mesh could be adaptively optimized. In order to improve the realistic, a noise was added to the water surface. The foam and reflection were realized by applying the dynamic texture mapping technology. The experimental results show that the generated coastal water has higher …
Advances In Research And Application Of In-Situ Visualization, Wang Fang, Sikun Li, Zhao Dan, Zeng Liang
Advances In Research And Application Of In-Situ Visualization, Wang Fang, Sikun Li, Zhao Dan, Zeng Liang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Scientific-Visualization is the most effective means of analyzing numerical simulation data. With the continuous improvement of the high performance computing technology, numerical simulation scale is growing rapidly. It is very difficult to analyze large scale parallel numerical simulation data efficiently due to the limits of IO bandwidth, storage system capacity and post processing pattern of visualization. In-situ visualization utilized the same computer system that ran the simulation tasks to operate visual computing and rendering, so it could overcome the limits of IO and storage system. The advances of in-situ visualization in recent years were reviewed, including data management, large-scale …
Sparse Representation Based Private Face Recognition In The Cloud, Liu Yan, Jin Xin, Zhao Geng, Xiaodong Li, Yingya Chen, Guo Kui
Sparse Representation Based Private Face Recognition In The Cloud, Liu Yan, Jin Xin, Zhao Geng, Xiaodong Li, Yingya Chen, Guo Kui
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to protect user privacy, identification computing of user facial image data in the cloud was accomplished, the sparse representation based private face recognition method in the cloud was proposed. Terminal users collected face images and compared with face images in cloud database and then determined whether faces the terminal acquired belonged to the cloud face database, but both could not achieve each other's face image content. The method processed face images in database and cloud into sparse representation via a third-party terminal, then using Paillier and oblivious transfer homomorphic encryption algorithm to contrast sparse representation coefficient vector …
Design And Realization Of Optimization System For Rice Type, Weilong Ding, Lifeng Xu, Wei Yang, Gao Nan
Design And Realization Of Optimization System For Rice Type, Weilong Ding, Lifeng Xu, Wei Yang, Gao Nan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: It is widely accepted that in traditional crop ideotype breeding, field trials are time-consuming, yet lacking appropriate ways to evaluate the target morphology to be optimal. In order to obtain ideal crop plant type quickly and automatically, meanwhile to reduce the side effects caused by manual operations in the processes of plant type design, e.g. the growing of labor costs and uncertainty of the outcome, a method based on genetic algorithms (GAs) and functional-structural plant model (FSPM) was proposed in this study to optimize plant type of virtual rice by dynamically adjusting phenotypical traits of rice plants. Based on …