Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Commons^™

9r Phase Enabled Superior Radiation Stability Of Nanotwinned Cu Alloys Via In Situ Radiation At Elevated Temperature, Cuncai Fan, Dongyue Xie, Jin Li, Zhongxia Shang, Youxing Chen, Sichuang Xue, Jian Wang, Meimei Li, Anter El-Azab, Haiyan Wang, Xinghang Zhang

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Nanotwinned metals exhibit outstanding radiation tolerance as twin boundaries effectively engage, transport and eliminate radiation-induced defects. However, radiation-induced detwinning may reduce the radiation tolerance associated with twin boundaries, especially at elevated temperatures. Here we show, via in-situ Kr ion irradiation inside a transmission electron microscope, that 3 at. % Fe in epitaxial nanotwinned Cu (Cu₉₇Fe₃) significantly improves the thermal and radiation stability of nanotwins during radiation up to 5 displacements-per-atom at 200 °C. Such enhanced stability of nanotwins is attributed to a diffuse 9R phase resulted from the dissociation of incoherent twin boundaries in nanotwinned Cu …

Femtosecond Photon-Mediated Plasma Enhances Photosynthesis Of Plasmonic Nanostructures And Their Sers Applications, Peng Ran, Lan Jiang, Xin Li, Bo Li, Pei Zuo, Yongfeng Lu

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Laser ablation in liquid has proven to be a universal and green method to synthesize nanocrystals and fabricate functional nanostructures. This study demonstrates the superiority of femtosecond laser-mediated plasma in enhancing photoredox of metal cations for controllable fabrication of plasmonic nanostructures in liquid. Through employing upstream high energetic plasma during laser-induced microexplosions, single/three-electron photoreduction of metallic cations can readily occur without chemical reductants or capping agents. Experimental evidences demonstrate that this process exhibits higher photon utilization efficiency in yield of colloidal metal nanoparticles than direct irradiation of metallic precursors. Photogenerated hydrated electrons derived from strong ionization of silicon and water …

Relative Contributions Of Intracranial Pressure And Intraocular Pressure On Lamina Cribrosa Behavior, Junfei Tong, Deepta Ghate, Sachin Kedar, Linxia Gu

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Purpose. To characterize the relative contributions of intraocular pressure (IOP) and intracranial pressure (ICP) on lamina cribrosa (LC) behavior, specifically LC depth (LCD) and LC peak strain. Methods. An axially symmetric finite element model of the posterior eye was constructed with an elongated optic nerve and retro-orbital subarachnoid space ensheathed by pia and dura mater. -e mechanical environment in LC was evaluated with ICP ranging from 5 to 15mmHg and IOP from 10 to 45 mmHg. LCD and LC peak strains at various ICP and IOP levels were estimated using full factorial experiments. Multiple linear regression analyses were …

Gentamicin-Modified Nanocarriers For Placental Targeted Drug Delivery To Treat Pregnancy-Related Complications, Ali Alfaifi

Wayne State University Dissertations

Diseases of pregnancy are the leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality affecting more than 20% (26 million) of all pregnancies annually. Those diseases include preeclampsia, preterm labor, intrauterine growth restriction and gestational diabetes, many of which are caused by compromised functions of the placenta. Placenta is a specialized organ that is only present during pregnancy where it creates a maternal-fetal interface that is responsible for many functions that contribute to the development of the fetus. Unfortunately, there is currently no treatment for any of those diseases. Our work focuses on the development of a novel nanoplatform that …

Design Rules For Additive Manufacturing – Understanding The Fundamental Thermal Phenomena To Reduce Scrap, M. Reza Yavari, Kevin D. Cole, Prahalada K. Rao

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

The goal of this work is to predict the effect of part geometry and process parameters on the direction and magnitude of heat flow heat flux in parts made using metal additive manufacturing (AM) processes. As a step towards this goal, the objective of this paper is to develop and apply the mathematical concept of heat diffusion over graphs to approximate the heat flux in metal AM parts as a function of their geometry. This objective is consequential to overcome the poor process consistency and part quality in AM. Currently, part build failure rates in metal AM often exceed 20%, …

Mass Spectrometry Analysis Of Contaminants Of Emerging Concern: Nanoparticles, Algal Toxins, And Cyanotoxins In Natural Waters And Their Potential Health Impacts, Ariel R. Donovan

Doctoral Dissertations

“The analysis of contaminants of emerging concern is critical to protecting environmental health. In the presented dissertation, two groups of contaminants of emerging concern were assessed using mass spectrometry methods: nanoparticles and algal and cyanotoxins.

Analysis of metal oxide nanoparticles in environmental matrices has been a challenging issue, as most traditional methods require complicated sample preparation methods or that can alter or destroy the nanoparticles in the system. Single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS) methods were used to detect metal oxide nanoparticles in surface waters and their removal through drinking water treatment simulations while retaining all information regarding …

Resistance To Helium Bubble Formation In Amorphous Sioc/Crystalline Fe Nanocomposite, Qing Su, Tianyao Wang, Jonathan Gigax, Lin Shao, Michael Nastasi

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

The management of radiation defects and insoluble He atoms represent key challenges for structural materials in existing fission reactors and advanced reactor systems. To examine how crystalline/amorphous interface, together with the amorphous constituents affects radiation tolerance and He management, we studied helium bubble formation in helium ion implanted amorphous silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) and crystalline Fe composites by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The SiOC/Fe composites were grown via magnetron sputtering with controlled length scale on a surface oxidized Si (100) substrate. These composites were subjected to 50 keV He+ implantation with ion doses chosen to produce a 5 at% peak He …

Fast Growth Of Thin Mapbi3 Crystal Wafers On Aqueous Solution Surface For Efficient Lateral-Structure Perovskite Solar Cells, Ye Liu, Qingfeng Dong, Yanjun Fang, Yuze Lin, Yehao Deng, Jinsong Huang

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Solar-grade single or multiple crystalline wafers are needed in large quantities in the solar cell industry, and are generally formed by a top-down process from crystal ingots, which causes a significant waste of materials and energy during slicing, polishing, and other processing. Here, a bottom-up technique that allows the growth of wafer-size hybrid perovskite multiple crystals directly from aqueous solution is reported. Single-crystalline hybrid perovskite wafers with centimeter size are grown at the top surface of a perovskite precursor solution. As well as saving raw materials, this method provides unprecedented advantages such as easily tunable thickness and rapid growth of …

Engineering Magnetic Properties Of Nanoparticles For Biomedical Applications And Magnetic Thin Film Composite Heterostructures For Device Applications., Shivakumar Hunagund

Theses and Dissertations

The motivation of this study is to investigate the size dependent properties of Gadolinium silicide nanoparticles and their potential applications in Biomedicine. We use two approaches in our investigation - size dependence and possible exchange interaction in a core-shell structure. Past results showed Gd₅Si₄ NPs exhibit significantly reduced echo time compared to superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) when measured in a 7 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. This indicates potential use of Gd₅Si₄ ferromagnetic nanoparticles as T2 contrast agents for MRI.

Until recently most contrast agents (CA) that are used in Magnetic Resonance …

Titanium Nitride Nanotube Electrode, Gui Chen, Marcella Gatti

Research Opportunities for Engineering Undergraduates (ROEU) Program 2018-19

This project presents a corrosion-resistant and high capacity implantable TiN nanotube electrode to work as a neural probe. Smaller electrode size allows for reduced tissue damage while the nanopore morphology of the TiN gives a larger surface area and stability to the electrode. The electrode offers improved biocompatibility, reduced tissue damage, reduced cost, and increased usability over time.

Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers In Diamond For Nanoscale Magnetic Resonance Imaging Applications, Alberto Boretti, Lorenzo Rosa, Jonathan Blackledge, Stefania Castelletto

Articles

The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center is a point defect in diamond with unique properties for use in ultra-sensitive, high-resolution magnetometry. One of the most interesting and challenging applications is nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging (nano-MRI). While many review papers have covered other NV centers in diamond applications, there is no survey targeting the specific development of nano-MRI devices based on NV centers in diamond. Several different nano-MRI methods based on NV centers have been proposed with the goal of improving the spatial and temporal resolution, but without any coordinated effort. After summarizing the main NV magnetic imaging methods, this review presents a …

Mechanical Behavior Of Cement Paste At Nanoscale - Reactive Molecular Dynamics Modeling And Experimental Corroborations, Ingrid M. Padilla Espinosa

Dissertations

Concrete is the most used material for construction, and it is the most produced man-made product in the world. Concrete makes the contemporary architecture of the world conceivable and brings significant development to communities. Nevertheless, there are many downsides to the use of concrete such as the large amount of energy and water used in its production, large carbon footprint, shrinkage and expansion that can cause cracking and other failure mechanisms, and the required use of large amounts of material to ensure stability of concrete structures. These drawbacks create the need for engineering and tailoring the properties of concrete. An …

Wearable Devices For Single Cell Sensing And Transfection, Lingqian Chang, Yu-Chieh Wang, Faheem Ershad, Ruiguo Yang, Cunjiang Yu, Yubo Fan

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Transdermal drug delivery systems have been successful for decades. Now these devices can be further scaled down, and their applications have been extended to wide selections of cargo, ranging from natural molecules (e.g., insulin and glucose) to bioengineered molecules (e.g., nanoparticles and vaccines). Some emerging nanopatches show promise for precise single-cell gene transfection in vivo and have advantages over conventional tools in terms of delivery efficiency, safety, and controllability of delivered dose. In this review, we discuss recent technical advances in wearable micro/nano devices with unique capabilities or potential for single-cell biosensing and transfection in the skin or other organs, …

Segregation Of Mo Atoms Into Stacking Faults In Crfeconimo Alloy, Kaisheng Ming, Xiaofang Bi, Jian Wang

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Solute segregation at dislocations can impede the motion of dislocations, strengthening materials. Here, we study the formation and role of solute segregation at dislocations in CrFeCoNiMo high-entropy alloys (HEAs) by high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging and mechanical testing both deformed and annealed samples. Mo atoms exhibit pronounced segregation into the planar-extended core of dislocations, i.e. stacking faults, causing the increase in the yield strength while the loss of the ductility. This work suggests that mechanical properties of HEAs can be tailored by alloying additional elements that are in favor of segregation into dislocations.

Optimization Of Protein-Protein Interaction Measurements For Drug Discovery Using Afm Force Spectroscopy, Yongliang Yang, Bixi Zeng, Zhiyong Sun, Amir Monemianesfahani, Jing Hou, Nian-Dong Jiao, Lianqing Liu, Liangliang Chen, Marc D. Basson, Lixin Dong, Ruiguo Yang, Ning Xi

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Increasingly targeted in drug discovery, protein-protein interactions challenge current high throughput screening technologies in the pharmaceutical industry. Developing an effective and efficient method for screening small molecules or compounds is critical to accelerate the discovery of ligands for enzymes, receptors and other pharmaceutical targets. Here, we report developments of methods to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for screening protein-protein interactions using atomic force microscopy (AFM) force spectroscopy. We have demonstrated the effectiveness of these developments on detecting the binding process between focal adhesion kinases (FAK) with protein kinase B (Akt1), which is a target for potential cancer drugs. These developments …

Local Control Robotic Surgical Devices And Related Methods, Eric Markvicka, Tom Frederick, Jack Mondry, Joe Bartels, Shane Michael Farritor

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

The various robotic medical devices include robotic devices that are disposed within a body cavity and positioned using a support component disposed through an orifice or opening in the body cavity. Additional embodiments relate to devices having arms coupled to a device body wherein the device has a minimal profile such that the device can be easily inserted through smaller incisions in comparison to other devices without such a small profile. Further embodiments relate to methods of operating the above devices.

Medical Inflation, Attachment And Delivery Devices And Related Methods, Mark Rentschler, Shane Michael Farritor

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

The various embodiments disclosed herein relate to procedural space maintenance devices, medical device positioning devices, and devices that provide both procedural space maintenance and device positioning. Further embodiments relate to medical device insertion and/or retraction devices.

Electron Transport In One And Two Dimensional Materials, Samuel William Lagasse

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This dissertation presents theoretical and experimental studies in carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and van der Waals heterostructures. The first half of the dissertation focuses on cutting edge tight-binding-based quantum transport models which are used to study proton irradiation-induced single-event effects in carbon nanotubes [1], total ionizing dose effects in graphene [2], quantum hall effect in graded graphene p-n junctions [3], and ballistic electron focusing in graphene p-n junctions [4]. In each study, tight-binding models are developed, with heavy emphasis on tying to experimental data. Once benchmarked against experiment, properties of each system which are difficult to access in the laboratory, …

Secondary Electron Interactions In Exposures Of Euv Photoresists, Steven Grzeskowiak

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The microelectronic industry’s movement toward smaller feature sizes has necessitated a shift to extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography to enable cost-effective patterning of sub 20-nm features. However, this shift from 193-nm lithography (6.4 eV) to EUV (13.5 nm, 92 eV) poses significant obstacles, such that photolithography is now operating in an energy range above the electron binding energies of common atomic species in photoresists. This significant energy increase means the chemical reactions happening within operate in the realm of radiation chemistry instead of photochemistry since the observed reactions are due almost entirely to the action of photoelectrons as they dissipate their …

Investigation Of Optical Second Harmonic Generation From Si (100) With Process Tailored Surface & Embedded Ag Nanostructures For Advanced Si Nonlinear Nanophotonics, Gourav Bhowmik

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The challenge of current microelectronic architecture in transmission bandwidth and power consumption can be potentially solved by using silicon photonics technologies that are compatible with modern CMOS fabrication. One of the critical active photonic devices for Si photonics is a Si based optical modulator. Most of the reported silicon modulators rely on the free carrier plasma dispersion effect. In those cases, a weak change of the refractive index obtained by carrier accumulation, injection or depletion is utilized in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer or a microring resonator to achieve intensity modulation, rendering them difficult for chip-level implementation due to a large footprint …

Development And Demonstration Of A Processing And Assembly Pathway For A 3d-Synchronous Field Programmable Gate Array, Robert Carroll

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) are integrated circuits which can implement virtually any digital function and can be configured by a designer after manufacturing. This is beneficial when dedicated application specific runs are not time or cost effective; however, this flexibility comes at the cost of a substantially higher interconnect overhead. Three-dimensional (3D) integration can offer significant improvements in the FPGA architecture by stacking multiple device layers and interconnecting them in the third or vertical dimension, through the substrate, where path lengths are greatly reduced. This will allow for a higher density of devices and improvements in power consumption, signal …

Cvd Molybdenum Disulfide : Material And Device Engineering, Eui Sang Song

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a semiconducting 2D layered material that has attracted a lot of attention due to its material properties for electronics and optoelectronics device applications. These include a layer-dependent band gap, an indirect to direct energy transition at monolayer state, and strong light-matter interaction. A large majority of 2D materials and devices have been studied through micromechanical exfoliation for extraction and electron beam lithography for device fabrication. These methodologies while able to generate high quality materials and precisely fabricated devices, are not suitable for large scale production. Efforts have been made to make MoS2 and other 2D materials …

Tetradymite Topological Insulators : Towards High Performance Broadband Photodetection, Asish Parbatani

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Topological insulators are characterized by the presence of a finite energy gap in the bulk state and a conducting metallic surface state consisting of odd number of Dirac cones. The conducting surface states are along the edge boundaries, free from disorders and are protected by time reversal symmetry. The presence of Dirac cone leads to universal optical absorption phenomenon like graphene. This phenomenon of universal optical absorption leads to frequency independent photoexcitation of carriers. Bi2Te3, Sb2Te3 and Bi2Se3 belong to tetradymite topological insulators (TTI) family and are often referred to as 3D layered materials. Theoretical predictions characterize TTIs by low …

Stem Education : A Programmatic And Economic Analysis, Rebecca Kate Laforest

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Innovations of the 21st century have created a need for a highly skilled and adaptable workforce. In this search, industry representatives are having a difficult time finding highly qualified US candidates. From private firms to public officials and economic analysts to educators, many acknowledge the need to update training and education to better prepare our future workforce. This work will examine the performance of students in the United States, the current employment landscape, the evolution of education in the US, and trends in education to support college and career preparation. This work will then analyze specific facets of new educational …

Partitioning Of Defect Sources And Defects Reduction In Euv Mask Blank Multilayer Deposition, Alin O. Antohe

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) is the next-generation lithography technology and is slated to replace 193-nanometer argon fluoride (ArF) lithography. EUVL uses 13.5-nanometer wavelength light to expose the photoresist. In doing so it enables the technological achievement of 20-nanometer half-pitch circuits which cannot be achieved with conventional 193-nanometer optical lithography.

Mechanistic Investigation Of Antimony Carboxylate Photoresists For Euv Lithography, Michael Murphy

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

In 2019, Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) lithography begins its integration into high volume manufacturing to replace 193-nm lithography at key steps in the fabrication of integrated circuits. To achieve the requirements of the 7- and 5-nm nodes, a new photoresist technology is required to replace traditional chemically-amplified photoresists (CAR). One novel technology incorporates metal atoms with high EUV absorptivity into the photoresist. In this work, we describe the development, evaluation and mechanistic investigation of triorganoantimony(V) dicarboxylate complexes as novel photoresists for EUV lithography.

Exploring Gated Nanoelectronic Devices Fabricated From 1d And 2d Materials, Prathamesh A. Dhakras

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

One and two dimensional materials are being extensively researched toward potential application as ultra-thin body channel materials. The difficulty of implementing physical doping methods in these materials has necessitated various alternative doping schemes, the most promising of which is the electrostatic gating technique due to its reconfigurability. This dissertation explores the different fundamental devices that can be fabricated and characterized by taking advantage of the electrostatic gating of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), dense SWNT networks and exfoliated 2D tungsten diselenide (WSe2) flakes.

Straintronic Nanomagnetic Devices For Non-Boolean Computing, Md Ahsanul Abeed

Theses and Dissertations

Nanomagnetic devices have been projected as an alternative to transistor-based switching devices due to their non-volatility and potentially superior energy-efficiency. The energy efficiency is enhanced by the use of straintronics which involves the application of a voltage to a piezoelectric layer to generate a strain which is ultimately transferred to an elastically coupled magnetostrictive nanomaget, causing magnetization rotation. The low energy dissipation and non-volatility characteristics make straintronic nanomagnets very attractive for both Boolean and non-Boolean computing applications. There was relatively little research on straintronic switching in devices built with real nanomagnets that invariably have defects and imperfections, or their adaptation …

Structural And Optical Analysis Of Cubic Aln Nanostructure On Mgo (001) Substrate Grown By Molecular Beam Epitaxy, Nutthapong Discharoen

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The effects of an intermediate cubic GaN (c-GaN) buffer layer on structural and optical properties of AlN films grown on MgO (001) substrate by PA-MBE have been investigated. There are 2 types of c-GaN intermediated layer; the one-step buffer layer with a 7nm thick LT c-GaN layer and a two-step buffer layers with a sequence of a 7 nm-thick and 200 nm-thick c-GaN layer. The surface morphology of the AlN film with two-step growth c-GaN buffer layer exhibits the grain boundary facet like a cubic structure. While the other films exhibit the mixing of the grain boundary corresponding with the …

Numerical Study On The Dynamic Process Of Single Plume Flow In Thermal Convection With Polymers, Jian-Ping Cheng, Wei-Hua Cai, Hong-Na Zhang, Feng-Chen Li, Lian Shen, Shi-Zhi Qian

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

A direct numerical simulation of single plume flow in thermal convection with polymers was carried out in a domain with 1:3 as the width to height ratio. The heat transport ability is weakened by adding polymers within the here-investigated governing parameter range. However, it is promoted when the maximum polymer extension L is increased. The distribution of vertical velocity and temperature indicates that the plume in the polymer solution case is speeded up and widens bigger as compared to that in the Newtonian fluid case. Inside the plume, polymer chains tend to release energy at the position where the …