East Asian Languages and Societies Commons^™

Just Research, Ki’Amber Thompson '18

EnviroLab Asia

The trip to Malaysia Borneo was an eye-opening experience that reinforced the need for researchers to listen to the indigenous peoples and to integrate their knowledge and understanding of place into any scientific, political, or policy analyses designed to restore the impact of deforestation and dam projects in the region.

Up Close: An Interview, Madi Vorva '17

EnviroLab Asia

A long-time US activist against the deleterious impact of oil-palm deforestation in Southeast Asia learned a great deal about the indigenous peoples’ struggles there to gain control over their lives and livelihoods.

The Yin And Yang Of Conflict Management And Resolution, Guo-Ming Chen

Communication Studies Faculty Publications

The increasing interaction among cultural groups due to the impact of globalization has not only made the relationship between conflict and culture more interdependent and complicated, but also demands that a new way be found for studying conflict management and resolution from a more dynamic perspective. Eastern and Western cultures are distinct societies in terms of axiological, epistemological and methodological assumptions. The axiological assumptions are especially useful for understanding the differences between Eastern and Western conflict behaviors. From the perspective of human interaction, the dynamic nature of culture can be more specifically displayed intraculturally by internal variations and interculturally by …

Kuiji’S Analysis Of Individual Capacities For Enlightenment: Philosophical Foundations Of His Chinese Yogācāra Buddhist Tradition, Ronald S. Green

Philosophy and Religious Studies

According to Mahāyāna Buddhism as seen in the Lotus Sūtra and many other Buddhist texts revered in Chinese and other East Asian traditions, the Buddha used his insight into each individual’s capacity for understanding, to tailor his teachings about how they should proceed toward overcoming suffering. For this reason, the Buddha is sometimes called the Great Physician, having the ability to diagnose an individual’s case and prescribe a specific remedy. This is the Buddha’s skillful means or skill-in-means (upāya), his expertise in crafting a personal plan for liberation. Thus, the overall ethical imperative is the same regardless of an individual’s …

The Shingon Ajikan, Meditation On The Syllable ‘A’: An Analysis Of Components And Development, Ronald S. Green

Philosophy and Religious Studies

This paper examines what has been described as the most basic and essential element of Kūkai’s (774-835) religio-philosophical system (Yamasaki 1988:190), meditation on the Sanskrit syllable ‘A’. According to Shingon Buddhist tradition, Kūkai introduced the meditation on the syllable ‘A’ (hereafter referred to as the Ajikan) into Japan in the early 9th century, at the time he transmitted the Shingon Dharma to that country from China. Materials clearly showing the origin and development of the Ajikan before Kūkai’s time have either not been discovered or have not been analyzed in relationship to the Ajikan. Indeed, some researchers have argued that …

Impartiality, Close Friendship And The Confucian Tradition, Andrew Lambert

Publications and Research

This paper explores the relationship between friendship and morality. Two ideas have been influential in the history of moral philosophy: the impartial standpoint and close friendship. These two perspectives on thought and action can conflict, however, and such a case is presented.

In an attempt to resolve this tension, and understand the assumptions that give rise to it, I explore an alternative conception of moral conduct and friendship suggested by early Confucian thought. Within this account, moral conduct is that which aims at harmony, understood as the appropriate blending of different elements. This suggests a conception of friendship, ‘event friendship’, …

Manzenreiter, W. And Holthus, B. (Eds.). Happiness And The Good Life In Japan. New York: Routledge, 2017., Ilana Maymind

Religious Studies Faculty Articles and Research

A review of W. Manzenreither's and B. Holthus' Happiness and the Good Life in Japan.

論《西遊記》中悟空與六耳獼猴之重像關係及其文本中之意蘊, Hung Wah, Anson Lau

Dissertations from all years

《西遊記》中，唐僧師徒四人往西天取經一路上遭受重重劫難。他們一行人的佛性在經歷一次次試鍊後得以昇華。當中最為奇特及對悟空最大的考驗當數“六耳獼猴＂之劫難，即第四十五難“再逐心猿”及第四十六難“難辨獼猴”。書中指悟空為“天產石猴”，乃以天為父、以地為母的自然之子，其存在具有唯一性。然而，文中偏偏出現了與悟空“同象同音”的六耳獼猴。他的出現甚為神秘，除如來以外，無人識得他類屬“混世四猴”中之“六耳獼猴”。可惜書中對六耳獼猴記載甚少；又有多處因限知敘事而產生情節空白，為後人留下不少疑點；同時亦鮮少有學術論文對六耳獼猴進行探討，故“《西遊記》中孫悟空與六耳獼猴的關係及其於文本中之意義”是個值得研究之課題。

本文將從三部分分析孫悟空與六耳獼猴之關係。第一部分著力分析孫悟空的“心魔” ——“六耳獼猴”的源起；第二部份將以《西遊記》（李卓吾評本）為本、《西遊補》為輔，解構悟空與六耳獼猴這對重像（Double）；第三部分將借西方心理學家榮格（Carl Gustav Jung）（1875-1961）有關“人格面具”（Persona）及“陰影”（Shadow）的理論，把六耳獼猴視作悟空人格面具下的陰影，從西方心理學的角度剖析文本，以此探討六耳獼猴和悟空的關係在文本之中的意蘊。

香港話中特有的程度副詞, Yin Kwan Chu

Dissertations from all years

粵方言的語法與現代漢語非常不同，尤其是港式中文的用字更是與眾不同。香港人說話時喜歡使用大量程度副詞以加強語氣，於是近年出現不少香港獨有的程度副詞，它們的用法和效果比起現代漢語已有的程度副詞更是別具特色。受網絡媒體以白話文傳播新聞的影響，，因此，本文將通過分析十個香港特有的程度副詞例子，從而探討現時港式程度副詞的四個特色，探討現時香港使用程度副詞的情況。

本文主要分成兩大部份，第一部份集中介紹較少被談論到的港式程度副詞，分述十個程度副詞在新聞和日常溝通中的使用方法，並以網絡報導的內文為例句，列出它們和其他詞類的搭配情況。十個例子分別是OK、認真、真心、無敵、終極、堅、有啲、鬼咁、丁丁咁、幾咁。

第二部份主要討論四個香港程度副詞的特色，並會以本文介紹的十個例子作論述，討論為何港式程度副詞可以單獨使用、會受英語影響而出現、會從實詞虛化成副詞、程度義不明顯。

最後結語部份會總括香港程度副詞的現時狀況和對未來香港的程度副詞發展作出期望。

淺析明末清初的給予句標記及「畀」字的語法功能和語法化過程 : 以木魚書《花箋記》和《二荷花史》作例, Sin Ting Lam

Dissertations from all years

「畀」字在現今粵語中身兼多個語法功能，包括給予義、使役動詞和被動標記用法。一個字能夠從實詞義虛化成介詞義，必定經過語法化過程。本文以木魚書著作《花箋記》和《二荷花史》作為研究文本，淺析「畀」字在兩書的用法和語法改變。先搜集兩書中的給予義標記用法，並以共時的研究探討其和「過、與」的競爭關係。以及「畀」字的不同語法功能，發展為工具標記、使役動詞和被動標記的語法化過程及其原因，透過木魚書著作《花箋記》和《二荷花史》了解當時粵語的語法特點與木魚書格律的關係。

論文共分五章。第一章略論研究原因、研究範圍與方法；第二章先整理兩書中給予義標記用例，透過考察三者的語法功能和使用頻率分析與格標記弱化的原因；第三章先述「畀」四個語法功能，並討論《花箋記》和《二荷花史》「畀」字工具標記和被動標記的語法化過程。第四章總結兩條語法化過程及論文的局限。

改編與創造，論哪吒故事的前世今生, Pui Shan Lin

Dissertations from all years

提起中國文學作品裡的叛逆神童，大家都會想起哪吒。他雖然年紀輕輕，卻有大鬧東海的本事，後來更以削骨還父、削肉還母的方式自盡。他的故事人人都耳熟能詳，但哪吒的故事是怎麼來的呢？它經歷了多少個版本，才變成我們今天熟知的故事？它在現代文學中又是怎樣被傳承？

民間經典傳說與神話自古多以不同的文學形式傳承，同一個故事可以藉由詩詞、話本、章回小說等形式流傳。只是當中情節會隨時代轉變、編者意願等不同因素而與原著有多少出入。例如《封神演義》是取材自宋元《武王伐紂平話》 ，加入姜子牙與諸神合力伐紂興周的神怪之事寫成的。由此可見，改編經典故事並非現代文學所獨有的創作手法。而首個以現代小說技巧重新書寫民間經典傳說的，就是中國現代文學之巨人魯迅。他的著作《故事新編》是由八篇中國古代傳奇故事改編而成，是一本具現代社會意義、令人耳目一新的新編小說集。這種以經典故事為現代精神之載體的創作手法，為後人所仿效，以致許多我們耳熟能詳的故事，得以被賦予全新的精神面貌。

本論文將關注哪吒故事的流變，以及它在現代社會中的改編版本，探索其分別在不同年代、不同地區、不同作家筆下的版本差異。本文將取奚淞《封神榜裡的哪吒》、西西《陳塘關總兵府家事》和蔡明亮電影《青少年哪吒》為現代哪吒故事例子，藉此歸納整理經典故事改編的手法和現代意義。

論金庸筆下的明教和拜火教之關係, Kin Pui Yau

Dissertations from all years

本文以當代武俠小說泰斗金庸筆下的明教為研究對象，探討其與傳統拜火教之關係。論文共分四章：起首的緒論略述金庸的宗教觀及淺說其作品的宗教色彩；第二章中嘗試以《倚天屠龍記》為例子，透過書中的內容，具體論述明教中所蘊含之拜火教影子；第三章則先談論拜火教與摩尼教之間的關係，繼而敘述明教中的摩尼教特點；最後一章則為結語。

本文嘗試整理及歸納眾多原始文獻及各類型宗教史，以說明拜火教在中國的源流，並點出拜火教與摩尼教的關聯，及後透過文史互證的方法，把金庸所述的明教中所隱藏的拜火教特質一一點明，以窺見金庸在取材上的巧思及明教與拜火教之間的關係。

The Rhetoric Of Transgression: Reconstructing Female Authority Through Wu Zetian's Legacy, Rachael Rothstein-Safra

Honors Undergraduate Theses

This study examines representations of Wu Zetian in the biographical tradition of the tenth, eleventh, and twelfth centuries, as well as within the subsequent vernacular literature of the Ming and Qing periods. I analyze the traditional use and construction of female stereotypes (and female-oriented flaws and vices) in the rhetoric of official histories and fictional narratives and their application to representations of Wu Zetian. I argue that authors, anxious of discord engendered and caused by women occupying positions of political authority, sought to delegitimize Wu Zetian’s reign and subsequently cultivated a “rhetoric of female transgression.” I further argue that the …

From Beyond The Stars: Innovation And Inspiration In Meiji Japanese Art, 1868-1912, Charles Mason, Madeleine Zimmerman, Joe Earle, Tom Wagner

Kruizenga Art Museum Exhibition Catalogs

Design by Tom Wagner. Photography by the Kruizenga Art Museum, Tom Wagner, and Curatorial Assistance/WorldBridge Art, Inc. Produced by Storming the Castle Pictures (StCP) for the Kruizenga Art Museum as a catalogue for the exhibition, "From Beyond the Stars," August 29 - December 16, 2017.

Kruizenga Art Museum Online Collection - Exhibition Gallery

Asia Pacific Perspectives Vol. 15 No. 1, Fall 2017, University Of San Francisco

Asia Pacific Perspectives

Contents:

Editor's Introduction by Melissa Dale

The editor reflects on this issue's new articles, which focus on historical and contemporary expressions of masculinity in China, Japan, Korea, and India.

Asian Masculinity Studies in the West: From Minority Status to Soft Power by Kam Louie

Material focusing on Asian men and sexualities which had in the past resisted analysis, has sparked original and innovative modes of analysis that have become commonplace. In this exciting period, Asian masculinity studies have attracted some adventurous minds and new territories are being explored every day. While carving out an interdisciplinary field for itself, Asian masculinity …

明清筆記小說所見鬥蟋蟀之風, Yee Man Choi

Dissertations from all years

鬥蟋蟀，或鬥促織，民間歷史悠久的搏戲之一。蟋蟀雖小，但魅力遍及各階層。上至皇族高官，下至平民下人，無不著迷，甚至達到沉迷的狀態。玩蟋蟀也由最初一種消閒解悶玩意演變成賭風。文字記載早於唐末五代，深宮婦女養蟋蟀作解悶之用。其後蟋蟀發展成為賭具之一，明清兩代更是鬥蟋蟀的「盛世」。筆記小說言簡意賅，內容上多不拘類別，有聞即錄，包羅萬有，題材涉獵廣，包含天文地理、風俗民情及軼聞軼事。另外不少故事取材於民間，故作品意念、內容不乏真實性，有着真實生活的痕跡。《歷代筆記小說集成·明代筆記小說大觀》及《歷代筆記小說集成·清代筆記小說大觀》有三大優點，分別是收輯齊全、脈絡清晰和注重質量。本文重點選取並分析相關條目，從筆記小說記載的相關事件、人物、社會風氣為佐證，包括擇與「蟋蟀」、「促織」賭風、社會狀況相關者，擬用文本互涉的方式進一步探討鬥蟋蟀之風對明清時期社會、民生的影響，希望能以明清兩朝的時間線歸納出相關影響是由哪些因素促使而成，最後嘗試從條目記載發現與前研究者有別的新線索、新觀點。

論電影《刺客聶隱娘》的創造性背叛, Ho Wai Kan

Dissertations from all years

唐人裴鉶筆下的〈聶隱娘〉，當中的主人公——女俠聶隱娘的身段和形象突出而經典，素來是被文人作家改編的對象。她的身影遍布多個朝代的民間故事。到了二十世紀，侯孝賢遇上了〈聶隱娘〉，其神秘兮兮、來去無踪的形象，促使他及其創作團隊，把〈聶隱娘〉改編為電影《刺客聶隱娘》，講述一個屬於當代人的寫實故事。《刺客聶隱娘》上映距今接近兩年，論述兩個文本相異之處的學術論文猶如雨後春筍，但這些論文多集中於探討電影的拍攝與鏡頭美學、文本內容表面上的異同，及純粹分析歷史的背景，欠缺了對主題改變的探討，而及以歷史為改編基調和形象改變的目的；本文亦以西方理論「創造性背叛」及「誤讀」，探討其改編的過程，這也是本文的研究價值所在之處。

本文主要以四部分分析《刺客聶隱娘》的「創造性背叛」。第一部分為兩個文本的情節，作為分析的引入。第二部分為「創造性背叛」及「誤讀」的定義，「誤讀」概念與「創造性背叛」概念相輔相成，故以此作補充。第三部分為侯孝賢導演的「背叛」動機，以便下文分析《刺客聶隱娘》對〈聶隱娘〉的背叛。第四部分則會分析兩個文本故事背景、主題思想，以及主人公身份形象的相異之處，即背叛的手段，從而完整的探討整個背叛與誤讀的過程。

台山與香港兩地粵語疑母字今讀之比較, Pui Ling Tam

Dissertations from all years

身處香港，說香港粵語是理所當然的事。我們平常說的「我」字，有沒有想過它的聲母來自於古疑母呢？再問，「魚」字、「玩」字，竟然都是來自於古疑母。那為何來自同一個古聲母如今卻有三種不同的聲母讀音呢？再看臨近地區台山，以上三字的聲母讀音卻沒有分歧。相近的地區中竟然會有這麼大分別的語音差異，當中必有緣故。故此，引起筆者對兩地疑母是否同源的探討。

透過本文，可以得出以下結論： 疑母來到中古基本上已沒太大變化，把台山、香港這兩個親屬語言與中古疑母嘗試連成一條對應的脈絡。中古疑母與香港粵語的對應中有較清晰的規律：洪音前保留中古疑母特徵，細音前演化成半元音[j]。

台山方言卻不一樣，它不分「等」地保留疑母濁鼻音濁塞音特徵，並且保留[i]介音，亦無撮口呼，入聲方面在陰入、陽入之下再細分兩種。種種特徵呈現出疑母於兩地的差異甚大，筆者推論台山方言疑母字對應先秦時期。從歷史痕跡上推測今台山方言受南越早期語言影響，現時多數南越後裔聚居地博白縣一帶，其地佬話保留較多的古音成分，與台山方言不相伯仲。故認為博白地佬話與台山方言脫不了關係，其對應主要體現在以下幾方面：

1. 入聲方面同樣有四種分法：上陰入、下陰入、上陽入及下陽入

2. 大多疑母字保留古讀音

3. 保留[i]介音

4. 沒有撮口呼

5. 兩地疑母均可與開口呼、合口呼相拼

The Challenge Of Chinese Character Acquisition: Leveraging Multimodality In Overcoming A Centuries-Old Problem, Justin Olmanson, Xianquan Chrystal Liu

Department of Teaching, Learning, and Teacher Education: Faculty Publications

For learners unfamiliar with character-based or logosyllabic writing systems, the process of developing literacy in written Chinese poses significantly more obstacles than learning to read and write in a second language like Portuguese or Cherokee. In this article we describe the linguistic nature of Chinese characters; we outline traditional and new media approaches to Chinese character acquisition; we unpack how multimodal technologies combined with computational linguistics might be used to provide new types of support for Chinese character learning; and we offer a design that incorporates several of these concepts into a digital writing support tool that could work as …

A Turn To Realism And Humanism From Propaganda: Chinese Photojournalism Practices Between 1976 And 1988, Shi Li

SIUE Faculty Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activity

China’s photojournalistic field undertook great transformations in the 1980s. While the conservatives continued to cling to the propagandistic doctrine, a more progressive trend was emerging. The tension between these two forces had its historical roots and would go on to shape the way Chinese photojournalism developed. Based on archival research and in-depth interviews, this paper revisits the history of Chinese photojournalism practices between 1937 and 1988 and identifies the key features of these three periods: the wartime propaganda of 1937—1949, the intensification of propaganda of 1949 —1976, and the transformation to realism and humanism in 1976—1988.

The Rise And Fall Of The Zaibatsu: Japan's Industrial And Economic Modernization, David A. C. Addicott

Global Tides

Throughout the past century, the rise and fall of the zaibatsu and the operations of their direct successors has not only shaped Japan’s economic and financial landscape but also has been instrumental in the modernization of the world economy. Many of these corporations traced their roots to Japan’s premodern era, and were directly responsible for the transformation of a nation of rice farmers into an industrial powerhouse in the years prior to World War II. Following Japan’s defeat, these monopolistic corporations were dismantled by the Keynesian economists of the Allied occupation and were reorganized into the keiretsu system, which exists …

The Semantic Nature Of Tense Ambiguity: Resolving Tense And Aspect In Japanese Phrasal Constructions, Annabelle T. Bruno

Theses and Dissertations--Linguistics

The nature of tense in classical Japanese is vague and uncertain, sometimes appearing to be interpretable by combinations of particular verbs with specific verbal auxiliaries and sometimes appearing to be absent altogether. The present study introduces a series of these so-called tense-bearing auxiliaries in classical Japanese while attempting to show that their use can be ambiguous based on the contexts in which they appear. The notions of context driven semantic formalism are explored as a possible means to derive truth from these utterances that seem otherwise tenseless when taken out of context. To accomplish this, time and tense are given …

Vegetarianism In Historical And Contemporary China: Tracking Transitions In Discourse Through Rhetorical Idioms Of Entitlement And Endangerment, Brendan Nuse

Honors Papers

This thesis examines changes between historical and contemporary iterations of Chinese vegetarianism discourse. Vegetarian discourse can be divided into two categories: entitlement (which focuses primarily on animals’ entitlement to life) and endangerment (which focuses on meat as a contaminating agent). This project attempts to determine how Chinese vegetarianism fits into this framework. It uses interviews with Chinese international students at Oberlin College, analysis of Chinese vegetarian blogs, and academic work by Chinese and non-Chinese academics to better understand the state of vegetarianism today as compared to the past. This study found that, while Chinese vegetarianism has historically been grounded in …

A Study On The Impact Of Demographic Change On Housing Price In South Korea, Jungman Moon

MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects

In recent years, the demographic structure of South Korea as been changing. Although the total population is still growing, the population growth rate is shrinking due to the rapid decline in the birth rate and the aging population. On the other hand, the growth rate of the total number of households is decreasing, but the rate of one-person or two-person households is steadily increasing. Data by region from 2003 to 2016 are used to analyze how these changes in the size and composition of population and households affect housing prices. Since the patterns of changes in the housing price and …

The Impact Of Socioeconomic Factors On Voter Turnout In The Republic Of Korea: Empirical Research For The Results Of 18Th And 19Th Presidential Elections, Hee Yup Yoon

MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects

This study examines the relationship between socioeconomic factors and voter turnout in South Korea. In particular, the determinants of the turnout in the 2012 and 2017 presidential elections in the Republic of Korea are analyzed by using the aggregated data in terms of municipal-level divisions. The findings partially support previous studies. The education level and the percentage of primary industry workers in the district have a significantly positive impact on turnout. Holding the other variables constant, as the proportion of the population over higher education in the district increases, voter turnout grows. Likewise, as the ratio of primary industry workers …

Nature And Human Flourishing In The Laws Of Manu And The Daodejing, Qijing Zheng

Honors Theses

By comparing the interpretation of dharma in the ancient Indian Laws of Manu (Manusmṛti) with the concepts of dao in the Chinese classic, Daodejing, this thesis discusses that, despite the plausible perception that the former represents despotic, hierarchical governance while the latter promotes freedom (and even anarchy), the two texts in fact share a similar envision of human flourishing through the following of one's nature, as well as a foundational belief that both laws and political ideals emerge from nature.

Examining The Creative Economy Policy In South Korea (2013 - 2017): The Case Of Seoul Global Startup Center, Natcha Khemnantakul

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This research examines the structure of the Creative Economy Policy in South Korea and the Seoul Global Startup Center by studying its structure and characteristics. The research was conducted through the collecting of primary data by an in-depth interview and analyzed using the SWOT analysis. This research points out that government agencies set goals and strategies for an effective Creative Economy Policy to support Korean citizen in turning their ideas into valuable products and services. The government also made efforts in establishing centers to support startups in conducting research and development. Among numerous centers in Korea, the Seoul Global Startup …

Vowels Of Beryozovka Ewen: An Acoustic Phonetic Study, Kang Hijo, Yun Jiwon, Seongyeon Ko

Publications and Research

This study acoustically analyzes 13,540 vowel tokens of Beryozovka Ewen with the aid of automated post-transcriptional processing technique. The focus of the analysis is on the acoustic correlates of [RTR], which is the harmonic feature of the language. In addition to the first three formants, acoustic values representing spectral tilt such as H1−H2, H1−A2, and B1 are measured as potential acoustic cues of [RTR]. The results show that F1, F3, and B1 are the most reliable cues of the feature and that H1− H2 and H1−A2 are nearly reliable. These acoustic cues are also shown to interact with length and …

脫困的情節．被困的人生 : 從成長小說的角度討論黃春明的〈看海的日子〉, Ki Ki Li

Dissertations from all years

本論文試從成長小說的角度，探討小說中白梅的女性意識，從遺失自我、自我意識醒覺到實踐自我的整個歷程，討論她如何逃離父權社會，建立自我，成為一個獨立個體。除了以成長小說理論分析白梅從妓女到母親的成長歷程，還會佐以弗洛伊德的精神分析學中的人格論和美國心理學家亞伯拉罕‧馬斯洛（Abraham Maslow）的需求層次理論，展示白梅的心理變化。接著，論文會討論白梅在父權社會下脫困的方式──成為給予男性生命的母親。

小說中可以看見處於社會底層的女性，即使生活在矛盾之中，受到社會壓迫，仍然嘗試掙脫求存。這正是黃春明筆下小人物的特色：雖然社會地位卑微，受盡屈辱，卻依然嘗試去解決問題。〈看海的日子〉歌頌了小人物白梅在強大的壓力下生存下去的毅力和精神。

偷窺的幻想外遇 : 李翰祥鏡頭下的金‧瓶‧梅, Uen Chi Poon

Dissertations from all years

提及李翰祥的風月片，總有評論家落入男性凝視（male gaze）的簡單批判。可見他們在李氏跨越七十至九十年代的《金瓶梅》風月片系列中，完全無視了女角色間的凝視、偷窺和偷聽。她們表面是忠於父權的妻子或僕人，暗地裡卻是偷窺得不亦樂乎繼而外遇的淫婦。李氏挪用原著的色情元素，以晚明資本主義下的道德失序，回應香港七十年代金錢至上、權威不受信任的意識。當時社會不再熱衷傳統倫理，投身於色情片熱潮中，因此觀眾享受的不單是李氏鏡頭下的美人，也是她們在凝視中拓展身分，主動開發情慾的反叛精神。她們甚至不怕男性凝視，最怕男性不凝視，因此搔首弄姿、嬌聲嬌氣，時而淫蕩，時而溫柔，讓至高無上的西門慶拜倒在她們裙下。

本文主要分析《風流韻事（蕙蓮篇）》（1973）、《金瓶雙艷》（1974）和《金瓶風月》（1991）中的四位女主角：金蓮、春梅、瓶兒和蕙蓮。探討李氏如何表現凝視間的陰性認同，並從女性間的認同分析她們對情慾的不同追求，如何（不）抗衡以西門作代表的父權，以一雙媚眼遊走於婚姻的曖昧地帶。