East Asian Languages and Societies Commons^™

Koreans In Northeast China: Past And Present Challenges, Jonghyun Lee

Bridgewater Review

No abstract provided.

The Last Yak Song: A Recount Of The Decline Of Pastoral Herding In Lower Mustang, Rachel Hellman

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

This project is fundamentally one of documentation and rumination, a case study of a profound change taking place. I initially sought to exercise my creative voice, and to uncover the world of the yak, a dying world at that. As my time progressed in Lower Mustang, it became clear that given the breadth and depth of change in the area, a more extensive and detailed analysis was necessary to truly paint a picture of the ways in which yak herding, engrained so finely into the cultural and social tapestry of the landscape, is disappearing. In this paper, using primarily interviewee’s …

The Guthi System Of Nepal, Tucker Scott

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The purpose of this research is to understand the role of the guthi system in Nepali society, the relationship of the guthi land tenure system with Newari guthi, and the effect of modern society and technology on the ability of the guthi system to maintain and preserve tangible and intangible cultural heritage in Nepal. This research took place in three different sections of Kathmandu. The methodology behind this research was a combination of historical analysis of the traditional role of the guthi system in Nepal along with three case studies of guthi organizations with different assigned functions. These case studies …

Islands In A Sea Of Aaruul: Globalization And Mongolian Cheesemakers, Pearse Anderson

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Despite being a sparsely-populated country with less than 2% of its land arable, Mongolia has developed a rich and complex food culture, notably for its meat and dairy products, which could soon be at an historic high thanks to the tens of millions of animals on Mongolian pastureland. Many Mongolians and non-Mongolians view the countryside as a sea of milk that is currently being underutilized for economic exploitation. Various projects, whether funded and organized by international NGOs, the Mongolian government, or private companies, have tried to use Mongolian’s dairy resources to fill Mongolian demand, with more recent private ventures also …

Living With Bees: A Look Into The Relationships Between People And Native Bees In Western Nepal, Alexandra Cobb

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Nepal is home to four native species of bees and as many methods to produce and gather their honey. In recent decades, several domestic and international organizations and governments have researched bee populations and provided financial and technical support through subsidies, trainings, and materials in efforts to conserve biodiversity and develop beekeeping in Nepal. However, little attention has been given to human-bee connections, the factors that shape them, and how they can provide a lens for understanding human-environmental relationships. Thereby, this study aims to exploring a selection of people’s experience with beekeeping and perspective of bees in order to illuminate …

Spun Truths: Outcomes Of Mongolia’S Cashmere Program In Domestic Processing Facilities And Supply Chain, Daniel Strodel

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Since Mongolia’s transition to a market economy cashmere goats' population quintupled and their share of the nation’s total live-stock doubled. Cashmere is Mongolia’s third largest export and herders’ primary source of cash income. However, Mongolian cashmere processing facilities operate well below capacity because they cannot compete with high prices paid by Chinese traders. The latest intervention in a series of industry reforms is the four year Cashmere Program, which is being implemented by the Mongolian Ministry of Agriculture and Light Industry. In order to increase the amount of cashmere processed and exported from Mongolia, the program invests in domestic processing …

Local Democracy And Education Policy In Newly Federal Nepal, Jack Shangraw

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

In 2017, Nepal held its first local elections in twenty years. These were the first elections held under Nepal’s new constitution, ratified in 2015, which transitioned the country from a unitary state to a Federal Democratic Republic. This case study analyzes the effect of the transition to federalism on decision-making and community representation in local governance in Annapurna Rural Municipality in West-Central Nepal. This study focuses specifically on education policy, one of the more public and contentious policy responsibilities devolved from the federal level to the local units under the new constitution. This research is based on interviews with government …

Kanjirowa Blues: An Exploration Of Environmental And Climate Consciousness In Lower Dolpa, Nepal, Casey Greenleaf

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

It has been scientifically demonstrated that high altitude, mountainous regions such as the Himalayas are extremely susceptible to and at accelerated risk of the effects of climate change. The regions of Lower Dolpa discussed in this work, Juphal, Dunai, Chun, and Dapu, lie in a glacial watershed, and are at present risk of landslides, floods, wildfires, and rely on agricultural and transhumant livelihoods that are uniquely susceptible to the impacts of changing temperature and weather patterns. People in this region are being forced to incrementally adapt and reframe their understanding of their surroundings due to both aforementioned severe events as …

Mother Of God, Mother Of Christianity: The Development Of The Marian Tradition In Early Modern Japan, Alaina Keller

Student Publications

The Christian figure of the Virgin Mary, first introduced as Jesus’ mother in the Bible, has since been repeatedly reinterpreted in various roles and imagery through her incorporation into different cultures. This project analyses the historical adoption and adaptation of Mary among Christian converts in Japan, from the arrival of Jesuit missionaries in 1549 to the end of the Tokugawa era in the nineteenth century. An examination of doctrinal prayers, the rosary, and Marian iconography within Japan illustrates Mary’s role as the Mother of God and compassionate intercessor for early Japanese Christians. Moreover, their affinity for Mary enabled Christianity to …

Osvobození Jako Revoluční Praxe: Opĕtovné Promyšlení Buddhistického Materialism, James Mark Shields

Faculty Journal Articles

In this article, first published in English in the Journal of Buddhist Ethics 20 (2013), pp. 461–99, James Mark Shields analyzes the possibilities and problems of a “Buddhist materialism” constructed along Marxian lines, by focusing in particular on Buddhist and Marxist conceptions of “liberation.” Although it is only in recent decades that scholars have begun to reconsider and problematize Buddhist conceptions of “free- dom” and “agency,” the thought traditions of Asian Buddhism have for many centuries struggled with questions related to the issue of “liberation”—along with its fundamental ontological, epistemological and ethical implications. With the development of Marxist thought in …

Gambaru-Ando: Las Familias De Los Desaparecidos De La Colectividad Japonesa (Fdcj) Y Su Lucha Por La Memoria, Verdad, Justicia, Y Visibilidad / Embodying Gambaru: Nikkei Families Of The Desaparecidos And Their Fight For Visibility In The Movement For Memory, Truth, And Justice, Mieko Kuramoto

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

En los años del último gobierno militar en la Argentina, 30.000 mil personas fueron desaparecidas en una campaña de terrorismo de estado. Entre esos miles, 17 de los desaparecidos eran argentinos de ascendencia japonesa, o ‘nikkei.’ Este proyecto estudia la lucha de sus familias para ganar visibilidad y borrar el estigma que rodeó a los desaparecidos dentro de la colectividad japonesa, a la vez de luchar por su reconocimiento en la sociedad argentina. Para estudiar su “doble- lucha,” este proyecto también toca temas de interseccionalidad, identidad y traumas nacionales sufridos por las comunidades minoritarias, y examina el trabajo que hizo …

Social Support And Discrimination: The Experiences Of Recovering Heroin Addicts In Kunming, China, Phoebe Li

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Opioids have had a long, complex position in Chinese society, dating all the way back to the Ming dynasty. In 1949, 5% of the overall Chinese population and 25% of the population in Yunnan smoked opium regularly, which led to societal collapse and economic downturn. Since then, the Chinese government has used many different methods to attempt to control drug use and trafficking, including registering all users, executing traffickers, and using Compulsory Rehabilitation Centers. Starting in 2008, the government switched to a harm reduction approach and began to invest in methadone clinics, community support groups, and needle exchange programs. Because …

Is Technology The Key To Prevention Of Falls Among The Elderly In Rapidly Aging Societies? A Case Study Of Kunming, China, Phoebe Kiburi

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

As the aging society rapidly becomes more dominant in the world, there is a pressing need for different stakeholders to tend to the needs of the aging sufficiently. This is crucial in ensuring the robustness of the healthcare system as a whole; given that it can only be as strong as its weakest link. This study focuses on one of the areas of need of the ageing society: fall prevention.

Numerous studies have been done on interventions by the government, private entities, elderly people and their caregivers to prevent occurrence and recurrence of falls. However, most of these have been …

Brazil And Bashō: Negotiating Japanese-Brazilian Hybrid Identity Through Mujōkan In Adriana Lisboa’S Rakushisha, Suzanne Noelle Shibuta

Theses and Dissertations

Hybrid identities occupy a unique space within the field of identity and culture. Due to the instability and transitory nature of hybrid identities, individuals who fall within the category of hybridity often struggle to recognize and accept their identities. Do such individuals identify with one culture, the other, neither, or both? Adriana Lisboa’s novel Rakushisha offers new insight into the realm of hybridity through the exploration of mujōkan, a uniquely Japanese awareness of impermanence that also helps to explain the cycle of suffering, continuity, and regeneration that Lisboa’s characters experience. Although hybrid identities by nature are unstable, constantly in motion …

Constitutionality Of Non-Contentious Cases In Japan, Thomas Makoto Naruse

Japanese Society and Culture

In the United States, there was a debate on vesting Article 3 Court extrajudicial authorities, and United States Supreme Court have often denied vesting such authority. In contrast, in Japan, extrajudicial authorities (including those without element of dispute) are vested in courts since the age of Meiji Constitution, and only recently, questions are posed. Today, many scholars are struggling with this issue, and some approaches are shown: one is to conceive the limit of authority which courts can handle according to the distance from properly judicial power, which has dispute as the core element, and the other is to change …

Drifting With The Dharma: D.T. Suzuki And Historical Japanese Zen Contributions To Modern Mindfulness Science, Joseph Ring

Japanese Society and Culture

The purpose of this paper is to familiarize researchers, scholars, and interested readers with the historical influence of Japanese Buddhist Zen meditation techniques on mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) research and practice. The role of D.T. Suzuki is discussed as one of the most influential scholars to transmit information to the West. MBSR techniques, format, and evidence are also explicated.

A Concise Consideration On The Legal Status Of Taiwan For Japan From The Perspective Of The Customary International Law Of Recognition, Hiroshi Saito

Japanese Society and Culture

Taiwan is one of the most important entities for Japan in the international relations and history. Beijing government has emphasized “One-China Policy” and doesn’t recognize Taiwan as a sovereign state until the present. The issue, whether Taiwan is a de jure state, is a legal issue for only Japan based on the international legal systems of recognition and treaty. In those systems, it is evident for Japan that two peace treaties exist until the present with the Republic of China and the People’s Republic of China. The existence of two treaties means that two sovereign states who did battle against …

Transition Of Multicultural Symbiotic Policies In Japan: Case Studies Analysis Of Tokyo, Toyohashi And Minamiuonuma City, Kozue Kashiwazaki, Ryo Sato

Japanese Society and Culture

How to attract foreign human resources and settle in has been one of the main issues of Japan where is facing depopulation and required to lead local regeneration with diversity. This paper introduces the transition of multicultural symbiotic policies in Japan and case studies at city level based on the collected data by in-depth interview in 2015. Data was collected in three advanced case studies, Tokyo, Toyohashi, and Minamiuonuma city. Through the overview of transition of policies and case study analysis, this paper attempts to find the fundamental and potential gaps between policies and actual condition at national and city …

Art As The Foundation Of History: On The Historical Dimension Of Heidegger's Art Criticism, Congcong Song

Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

In the latest years, the debate between Heidegger and Schapiro on Van Gogh's Shoes has received considerable attention among the Chinese scholars. Despite the controversy over Heidegger's interpretation of the painting, scholars have reached an agreement that Heidegger's art criticism derives from his philosophy of art and therefore lacks the insight of art history abundant in Schapiro's scholarship. This assertion, to a certain extent, misunderstands Heidegger's thought. This paper argues that Heidegger's art criticism also contains a historical dimension, for he not only investigates art history but also pays close attention to the relationship between art and history. The difference, …

Collected Essays Of The Qing Dynasty And The Concept Of Literary History In The Early Twentieth Century, Hengchang Chang

Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

Dedicated to "preserving the essence of Chinese culture," Collected Essays of the Qing Dynasty was collaborated by many scholars, among whom Huang Ren possibly undertook the bulk of compilation. Known for its extensiveness, this anthology also features an author-centered editorial style inherited from Collected Poetry of the Ming Dynasty and possesses its unique characteristics. First, it incorporates the most recent articles to refresh the collection. Secondly, it achieves a balance between political practicality and aesthetic quality. Lastly, it encompasses copious articles on frontier geo-history and native-soil literature, which manifests the editors' conscious awareness of academic history. In general, the compilation …

Enlightenment Of "Affection": The Inner Construction And Historical Significance Of The Origin Of Lu Xun's Literary, Cheng Luo

Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

The research on "the May Fourth Movement" represented by Lu Xun studies needs an urgent shift from current paradigms that have been used over the past three decades. An interpretive framework that organically combines humanity with literature needs to be constructed so as to enrich the understanding of history by focusing on literature, instead of making literature history's footnote. In 1908, Lu Xun published five articles in the classical Chinese language, in which he in fact provided an inner vision of an alternative experience of art and literature, which differed from existing discussions that were mainly from a "logocentric" perspective. …

Renewing The Centurial Discourse Of Chinese Literary Theory Through The Genealogy Of Spirit: Case Study Of Zong Baihua And Li Changzhi, Yunyan Zhang

Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

A disparity exists between the first and the revised edition of Zong Baihua's The Birth of Chinese Artistic Conception. Adopting a comparative methodology, the revised edition highlights the spiritual dimension of artistic conception. When Zong Baihua regards artistic conception as "incarnation of the supreme human mind," the word "incarnation" is more than a metaphor for an aesthetic expression; it also gestures at a deep meaning of religious spirit. "Symbol" is one of the ways to actualize such incarnation. Influenced by Zong's theorization of religious spirit, Li Changzhi's literary theory and aesthetical thinking further shows a modern Chinese genealogy of spirit …

The Genesis Of Wang Guowei's Theory Of "Jingjie", Zhi Geng, Pengcheng Kou

Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

There are three main methods in studying Wang Guowei's theory of "jingjie" (artistic conception) — a study based on Western knowledge, a historical study within the Chinese academic tradition, and a comparative study between the West and China. However, all these three methodologies treat jingjie as a static concept with presupposed connotation, which derives from a disjunction between their interpretative approach and the construction of Wang Guowei's jingjie. The idea of jingjie is an organic and dynamic theoretical system that takes both Western philosophy and Chinese literary theory as its premise, complicated by Wang's own creative and reading experiences, and …

Habermas And Hermeneutics: From Verstehen To Lebenswelt, Wolin Richard

Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

Throughout his career, Habermas sought to remain faithful to the idea of a non-dogmatic and reflexive Marxism – Marxism as "critique." Although Habermas never adopted the framework of social phenomenology per se, by the same token, his reception of the later Husserl's notion of the lifeworld would play a central methodological role in his later work, enabling him to parry the well-entrenched scientistic biases of philosophy and social science. In "Knowledge and Human Interests" (1965), his inaugural lecture at University of Frankfurt, Habermas embraced Husserl's critique of modern science's misguided "mathematicization of nature." Yet his systematic employment of Husserl would …

A Probe Into The Conceptual Framework And Mechanism For Writing In Vernacular Chinese During The May Fourth Period: Focusing On The Three Schemes Proposed In New Youth, Wei Deng

Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

The magazine New Youth publishes three systematic schemes for vernacular Chinese during the May Fourth Period, and they were proposed by described by Qian Xuantong, Liu Bannong and Fu Sinian to clarify, sort out and write down the views on the reforms on Chinese language. These schemes, to a considerable extent, define the appearance of modern vernacular Chinese, and the approach to transform the existing vernacular written Chinese through "Europeanization" and to achieve an ambiguity-free language for the practical needs in social communications results in the so-called "Europeanized Vernacular Language." The new vernacular Chinese functions to enhance cultural solidarity interrelate …

A Semantic Analysis Of Kant's Judgment Of Taste, Shuangyu Xue

Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

A typical judgment of taste could be expressed as a subject-predicate structure in Critique of the Power of Judgment. The subject is connected with the predicate by a copula. In the third Critique, however, Kant grounds his theory of taste on the first Critique, from which his views and conceptual apparatus of epistemology have been transferred to a new aesthetic context, and interpreters are inclined to investigate Kant's theory of taste by virtue of his epistemology. It is common, if also necessary, to conduct in studies of the third Critique a semantic analysis of judgement of taste by referring to …

Does Lu Xun Subvert The Discourse Of National Character?, Dongfeng Tao

Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

The author tries to elucidate his views on the debate concerning national character by responding to He Yugao and Liu He's related papers. Firstly, the author disagrees with He Yugao's argument that Liu He fails to criticize Lu Xun by pointing out Liu's denial of Lu Xun's artistic creativity. Liu's denial is shown in herrepeated highlight of the dominating impact from the missionary discourse of national character and she goes even further to claim that Lu Xun's Ah Q "gives a verbatim performance" of the national character script. Secondly, the author rebuts Liu's claim that critics in line with Lu …

Keywords In The Studies Of Regional Literature: A Case Study Of Jiangnan In The Qing Dynasty, Shining Luo

Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

The study of regional literature is attracting wide attention, which attests to its validity. Researches have flourished in this field in recent years, but problems have also arisen, such as similar or identical cognition, expression and conclusions between researches. The study of regional literature often has implicit value-orientation, which, to a large extent, tends to simplify the thinking process and undermine academic significance. In order to change the homogenizing tendency, researchers need to know commonalities, divergences, and particularities. Besides, as every event occurs in a specific geographical space, researchers should also value the possibilities of regional literature studies from the …

Kuang Zhouyi's Monthly Lessons For The Annotation Of Cheng Meng'an's Ci-Poems: A Summary Review, Yuping Peng

Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

Learning how to compose ci-poems was an essential part of ci-poetry study. Therefore, revision and annotation played a very important part in ci-poetry learning, which was mainly conducted in two ways: the author's self-revision and discussion with teachers and friends. During the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, it was a fashion among young people to study ci-poems personally with a master, and thus the practice and theory of ci-poetry revision matured. A representative master in this period was Kuang Zhouyi. His monthly lessons for the revision of Cheng Meng'an's ci-poems in 1923-1924, which are still extant, …

On The Possibilities, Construction, And Functions Of Trauma Narratives, Weihua He

Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

Trauma narratives are made possible by the "traces" left by traumatic events. These narratives are not only therapeutic, but can also provide an access to historical reality. In recent years, critics begin to switch their attention from individual traumas to collective traumas. According to them, collective traumas not only affect people's identification with the community, but also play important roles in the formation, maintenance, and consolidation of the community. Due to the shaping influence of collective traumas, different forms of power are woven into the representation of trauma, making the representation of trauma a product of cultural construction. In the …