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Articles 63991 - 64020 of 572289

Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities

An Examination Of Clinical Pain Severity, Sleep Quality, And Neighborhood Disadvantage In A Racially/Ethically Diverse Sample Of Adults With Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis, Cesar Emmanuel Gonzalez Jan 2023

An Examination Of Clinical Pain Severity, Sleep Quality, And Neighborhood Disadvantage In A Racially/Ethically Diverse Sample Of Adults With Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis, Cesar Emmanuel Gonzalez

All ETDs from UAB

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is often accompanied by insomnia symptoms, character-ized by difficulty falling asleep, maintaining sleep, or both. Among individuals with knee OA, up to 31% report significant difficulty falling asleep, 81% have difficulties staying asleep, and up to 77% report any sleep problem. However, the sleep and pain relationship has also rarely been evaluated using objective and subjective sleep measures. Thus, this study attempted to characterize objective and subjective sleep variables in a diverse sam-ple of individuals with symptomatic knee OA. Further, the impact of objective and sub-jective sleep quality on clinical pain severity, movement-evoked pain, and physical func-tion …

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Realization Of Hyperbolic Laminations And Properties Of Limit Laminations, Adam Carty Jan 2023

Realization Of Hyperbolic Laminations And Properties Of Limit Laminations, Adam Carty

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The dynamics of polynomials is a topic of great interest for those studying complex dynamics. Polynomial dynamics is concerned with how collections of points behave under iteration of a polynomial P. The Julia set of P, which is the boundary of the collection of points which iterate off to ∞, is an interesting collection of points to look at because P is sensitive to small pertubations of points in the Julia set. Thanks to the work of William Thurston, we have a tool known as a lamination (a closed collection of chords in the unit disk D which do not …

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Functional Least Squares Minimization, Kyoung Joo Cox Jan 2023

Functional Least Squares Minimization, Kyoung Joo Cox

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In this thesis, we forecast the trend and price of a selected stock using four new algorithms and a previous mathematical model built from economic ‘tendencies’. We use a new variational regularization method to determine the coefficients of the delay differential equation in the previous mathematical model. We also apply our new approach to obtaining initial points for the regularization method as well as a technique for mitigating the exponential growth model error throughout the minimization process of the regularization method. Lastly, we use the newly discovered coefficients together with a new iterative improvement procedure and a knowledge of the …

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The Global And Local Correspondence Between Unicritical And Maximally Critical Laminations And The Realization Of Laminations To Julia Sets, Brittany Burdette Jan 2023

The Global And Local Correspondence Between Unicritical And Maximally Critical Laminations And The Realization Of Laminations To Julia Sets, Brittany Burdette

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In this thesis, we first discuss the concept of laminations which was initially introduced by Thurston [1] as a way to understand quadratic polynomials and their parameter space. Laminations are a combinatorial way to model Julia sets. We go into detail explaining the introductory definitions in hopes it makes the following chapters easier to follow. In the next chapter, we go into detail discussing unicritical laminations and laminations with a single critical moment (SCM). We show there is a one - to - one correspondence between globally unicritical laminations and single critical moment laminations. The goal in this correspondence is …

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Generalization Of The Limit-Point & Limit-Circle Classification To Equations With Distributional Coefficients, Varun Bhardwaj Jan 2023

Generalization Of The Limit-Point & Limit-Circle Classification To Equations With Distributional Coefficients, Varun Bhardwaj

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This thesis aims to generalize the limit-point & limit-circle classification to a system with complex valued distributional coefficients and re-establish the relationship between the number of linearly independent square integrable solutions and the convergence of the circle consisting of Titchmarsh-Weyl m functions to a point or a circle in the complex plane. We begin by discussing linear relations, distributions of orders 0 and measures, and ordinary differential equations. Afterwards, we present some preliminary results that will help us generalize the classification of limit-points and limit-circles. With the preliminary results in hand, we develop the limit-point and limit-circle classification, following Weyl …

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Streptococcus Mutans Biofilm Inhibiting Small Molecules With Anticariogenic Activity, Parmanand Ahirwar Jan 2023

Streptococcus Mutans Biofilm Inhibiting Small Molecules With Anticariogenic Activity, Parmanand Ahirwar

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Dental caries, a highly prevalent disease, is characterized by the erosion of the tooth surface. This disease is caused by the oral bacteria living in complex communities called biofilms. Streptococcus mutans, among the various pathogenic bacterial species inhabiting the oral cavity, is considered to be the major etiological agent for dental caries. This bacterium forms robust biofilms capable of producing significant amounts of acid, leading to the demineralization of hydroxyapatite in the tooth enamel and subsequent erosion over time. Biofilm penetration into the dentin and pulp causes severe pain, while the entry of the bacteria into the bloodstream can result …

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Exploring The Regulatory Mechanisms Of Ire1 Signaling In Biotic And Abiotic Stress Responses In Arabidopsis, Taiaba Afrin Jan 2023

Exploring The Regulatory Mechanisms Of Ire1 Signaling In Biotic And Abiotic Stress Responses In Arabidopsis, Taiaba Afrin

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Given their immobility, plants have various survival strategies, including the critical ability to recognize and respond to stressors. Exposure to different environmental and intracellular signals triggers significant modifications in stress response regulators' expression. These changes often occur in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where a rise in protein synthesis can overwhelm the system, accumulating misfolded proteins and activating a mechanism known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). UPR is a complex regulatory network with three primary branches in eukaryotic systems. The IRE1-mediated pathway is the most conserved among UPR signaling branches. In Arabidopsis, IRE1 splices bZIP60 mRNA and produces a functional …

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Effects Of Mindfulness-Based Intervention On Mental Health Outcomes In Youth Who Are Underserved, Melanie Grace Albright Jan 2023

Effects Of Mindfulness-Based Intervention On Mental Health Outcomes In Youth Who Are Underserved, Melanie Grace Albright

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olescence, a period of rapid brain maturation and development coincides with the development of mental health disorders. Many teens in the United States with diagnosable mental health conditions lack mental health treatment due to limited access and provider availability, particularly affecting adolescents who are underserved. School-based interventions, including those centered around mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) have shown promise in their effectiveness among adolescents. This study examines the impact of an in-school MBSR-based program, MindUP, on mental health outcomes, including depressive symptomology, anxiety symptomology, and perceived stress, in adolescents who are underserved. Additionally, focus group discussions were conducted with students participating …

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Restoring Justice On Their Terms: The Path To Healing For Tulsa And Birmingham, Kameryn Thigpen Jan 2023

Restoring Justice On Their Terms: The Path To Healing For Tulsa And Birmingham, Kameryn Thigpen

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This thesis is a comparative case study examining the impact of the Tulsa Race Massacre in 1921 and the Birmingham Sixteenth Street Church Bombing in 1963. The comparative case study method aims to study how both communities educated the public about racial violence through the nonprofit sector. This research explores the racial structures that were in place during the time. This thesis argues for the role of the government in providing diversity, equity, accessibility, and inclusion training for federal employees. This research also discusses the government's contribution to advancing social equity.

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Parental Psychological Distress And Perception Of Children's Externalizing Behaviors: Potential Role Of Parental Resources, Abigail Jeanette Anderson Jan 2023

Parental Psychological Distress And Perception Of Children's Externalizing Behaviors: Potential Role Of Parental Resources, Abigail Jeanette Anderson

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The relations between parental psychological distress and parental resources in the perception and emergence of early childhood externalizing behaviors were investigated in a longitudinal study with a cross-lagged design. Both mothers and fathers participated in a longitudinal study, which began prenatally when parents were in the third trimester of pregnancy, with follow-up assessments when children were 6 months, 18 months, and 4 years of age. Parents reported on their own psychological distress, coping self-efficacy, and social support satisfaction during all four time points, and reported on their child’s externalizing behaviors during the latter two timepoints. Results suggest that mothers’ psychological …

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Investigating The Role Of A Novel Subpopulation Of Pd-L1+ Quiescent Melanocyte Stem Cells In Pigmentation, Joseph W. Palmer Jan 2023

Investigating The Role Of A Novel Subpopulation Of Pd-L1+ Quiescent Melanocyte Stem Cells In Pigmentation, Joseph W. Palmer

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Immune checkpoint inhibitors have drastically improved cancer treatments and increased the overall survival rate of many cancer patients. Currently, one of the most active areas of research involves inhibitors to the interaction of programmed death 1 (PD- 1) found on T cells and its ligand programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1) found on tumor cells. However, PD-L1 expression is not limited to cancer cells and physiological expression of PD-L1 can be found in tissues throughout the body. One notable side-effect of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies is the return of pigmentation to previously gray hairs suggesting that quiescent melanocyte stem cells (qMcSCs) are retained gray hairs …

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Production, Purification And Radiochemistry Development Of Manganese-52 Fir Characterization Of Pet/Mr Imaging Agents, Jennifer Marie Pyles Jan 2023

Production, Purification And Radiochemistry Development Of Manganese-52 Fir Characterization Of Pet/Mr Imaging Agents, Jennifer Marie Pyles

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Manganese (Mn) has the potential to be an important element in biomedical research as different isotopes of Mn have the characteristics to be used for both positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Manganese(II) (55Mn) is paramagnetic which makes it useful as a contrast agent in T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Mn as a radiotracer provides excellent sensitivity for studying 55Mn, but only Manganese-52 (52Mn) met the criteria for this research. 52Mn has a half-life (t1/2 = 5.591 days) that was long enough to optimize purification, chemistry and examine timepoints over several days. 52Mn decays by positron emission …

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Expansion In Eigenfunctions For Systems Of Ordinary Differential Equations Without The Unique Continuation Property, Steven Redolfi Jan 2023

Expansion In Eigenfunctions For Systems Of Ordinary Differential Equations Without The Unique Continuation Property, Steven Redolfi

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In this document we consider differential equations where the coefficients are matrices whose entries are distributions of order zero satisfying certain criteria. The derivative which occurs in the equation is the distributional derivative. Chapter 1, sections 1-7 contain information necessary to understand for the reading of Chapters 2 and 3. Section 8 gives a brief introduction to what has been done so far and our goal. Thereafter, in Chapter 2, it is shown that self-adjoint restrictions of the maximal relation to the differential equation are still given by boundary conditions. With that done, given a self-adjoint restriction of the maximal …

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Enhancing Plant Functional Annotation By Integrating Graph Convolutional Networks And Natural Language Processing, Nilesh Kumar Jan 2023

Enhancing Plant Functional Annotation By Integrating Graph Convolutional Networks And Natural Language Processing, Nilesh Kumar

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Studying plant gene function is essential for understanding the underlying mechanisms that govern plant growth, development, and environmental adaptation. This knowledge can improve crop yields and food security by developing plants resistant to diseases, pests, and environmental stress. Moreover, understanding plant gene function can also aid in environmental conservation efforts by providing insight into the mechanisms that plants use to adapt to changing environments and can help preserve endan-gered plant species. For several reasons, studying gene function in plants can be more challenging than in animals. Plant genomes are larger and more complex than animal genomes, making it harder to …

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Machine Learning And Latent Space Representation Of Optical Responses In Nanostructures And Thin Films, David J. Hoxie Jan 2023

Machine Learning And Latent Space Representation Of Optical Responses In Nanostructures And Thin Films, David J. Hoxie

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The ability to tune optical responses in nanophotonics makes this class of materials useful for a broad range of applications, such as drug delivery systems, molecular sensing, green energy, and telecommunications, to name a few. Optical responses that offer strong resonance at small optical mode volume are often sought, requiring manipulation of many material properties i.e., refractive index and nanostructure shape. Machine learning has recently been employed to optimize photonic elements more efficiently. Machine learning optimization of optical responses suffers from reproducibility and accuracy issues due different nanostructures producing similar optical responses. To increase reliability and accuracy in recent neural …

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Molecular Phenotyping Of Serum Iga1 0-Glycoforms In The Context Of Iga Nephropthy, Ellenore P. Craine Jan 2023

Molecular Phenotyping Of Serum Iga1 0-Glycoforms In The Context Of Iga Nephropthy, Ellenore P. Craine

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IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is an autoimmune disease that is the most common form of glomerulonephritis in the world, and results in end-stage renal disease in 40% of patients. In IgAN, human immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) has reduced levels of galactose (Gal) in the IgA1 O-glycosylated hinge region (HR) known as Gal deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1). These Gd-IgA1 glycoforms, which are elevated in circulation of IgAN patients, are recognized by Gd-IgA1-specific IgG autoantibodies, resulting in the formation of pathogenic immune complexes (CICs). Some of these CICs accumulate in the mesangium of glomeruli and induce kidney injury. Although the link between these deposits and …

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Optoelectronic Properties Of Microstructures Of 3d And 2d Hybrid Perovskites, Bibek Singh Dhami Jan 2023

Optoelectronic Properties Of Microstructures Of 3d And 2d Hybrid Perovskites, Bibek Singh Dhami

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Solution-processed hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites have attracted great interest from both academia and industry. This class of materials possesses outstanding electrical and optical properties such as high absorption coefficient, large carrier diffusion lengths, and high photoluminescence quantum yield. Changing the chemical compositions or the dimensionality of these materials provides additional knobs for band gap tunability. Many studies have now shown the promise of this material system as viable for applications in photovoltaics, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, lasers, and transistors. However, the performance of these devices depends critically on the techniques employed for the synthesis of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites. Different synthesis techniques result …

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The Association Of Cognitive And Physical Functioning With Health And Mortality Outcomes Among Puerto Ricans, Cheyanne Celine Barba Jan 2023

The Association Of Cognitive And Physical Functioning With Health And Mortality Outcomes Among Puerto Ricans, Cheyanne Celine Barba

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Puerto Rico has experienced a rapid increase in the older adult population over the last decade. With a growing older adult population, the importance of healthy aging becomes increasingly more important to understand. Understanding the impact that impairments in cognitive and physical functioning have on older adults in Puerto Rico will be important to supporting the rapidly aging population. The current project proposed to (1) examine predictors of transition to frailty, (2) examine whether cognitive function and frailty are associated with healthcare utilization, and (3) examine frailty and cognitive impairment as predictors of mortality and Alzheimer’s disease related cause of …

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Patterns Of Fatal Drug Overdose_ A Multi-City Investigation Of Geospatial Correlates, Keith R. Chichester Jan 2023

Patterns Of Fatal Drug Overdose_ A Multi-City Investigation Of Geospatial Correlates, Keith R. Chichester

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Fatal drug overdoses are now the leading cause of accidental death in the U.S., responsible for over 107,600 deaths in 2021. Since 2000 the rate of overdose fatalities has increased over 140%. This epidemic has been particularly impactful in rural areas as from 2006-2016, the rural overdose death rate surpassed those in urban areas. Geospatial analytics provide an effective strategy for identifying profiles and patterns in the spatial distribution of overdose locations as well as geographic and demographic variables that associate with overdose occurrences. Furthermore, predictive risk modeling platforms allow for the identification of anticipated overdose hotspots across a geography …

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Gender Differences In Clinical Profiles Of Children And Adolescents Referred For An Autism Spectrum Disorder Evaluation, Jeremy J. Cottle Jan 2023

Gender Differences In Clinical Profiles Of Children And Adolescents Referred For An Autism Spectrum Disorder Evaluation, Jeremy J. Cottle

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The current study aimed to examine sex differences in clinical profiles of children and adolescents referred for an ASD evaluation, including ASD symptoms and associated clinical features. Specifically, the study aimed to include females who may be mis- or un-der-diagnosed by current ASD diagnostic procedures in order to characterize this phenotypically diverse population. Participants included 1,099 children and adolescents who were referred for an ASD evaluation at a tertiary care clinic. In this sample, 276 participants (25.11%) were female, 602 participants (54.8%) were diagnosed with ASD, and the average age was 5.97 years old (SD = 3.60). Independent samples t-tests, …

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Eating Disorder Symptoms In Transgender Adults: The Impact Of Gender Dysphoria And Minority Stress On Eating Disorder Symptomatology, Elliott Botelho Jan 2023

Eating Disorder Symptoms In Transgender Adults: The Impact Of Gender Dysphoria And Minority Stress On Eating Disorder Symptomatology, Elliott Botelho

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Background: Transgender individuals experience more mental health challenges than their cisgender counterparts, and a growing area of research suggests that transgender in-dividuals are at increased risk of eating disorder symptoms. The Gender Minority Stress and Resilience model may help explain this health disparity in eating disorder symptoms. The model theorizes that this disproportionate mental health burden, such as eating disor-der symptoms, may arise from the stresses of belonging to a minoritized group. Another factor that may account for eating disorder disparities is gender dysphoria, a distressing and clinically significant state many transgender individuals experience when their physi-cal appearance is incongruent …

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Indicators Of The Social Environment And Cognition In An Older Population Of Puerto Rican Adults, Erin E. Ballard Jan 2023

Indicators Of The Social Environment And Cognition In An Older Population Of Puerto Rican Adults, Erin E. Ballard

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Isolation and other indicators of poor social environment have been associated with a higher risk of cognitive decline. Overall evidence for this association is mixed, with most studies being conducted in Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (aka “WEIRD”) societies. Religiosity may moderate this relationship between less robust social environments and cognition by buffering the negative effects of stress. The primary aim of this study is to assess the relationship between indicators of the social environment and psychological distress (depressive symptoms) and cognitive decline in a population-based sample of older Puerto Rican adults (n=3,557) across two time-points. Social environment included …

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Rural Healthcare Disparities In Preschool Children Referred For An Autism Spectrum Disorder Evaluation, Zachary Enos Arnold Jan 2023

Rural Healthcare Disparities In Preschool Children Referred For An Autism Spectrum Disorder Evaluation, Zachary Enos Arnold

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Disparities in healthcare are widespread in rural communities, and families with a preschooler with suspected autism spectrum disorder (ASD) might be especially impacted by a dearth of services. By exploring the information gathered from ASD diagnostic visits, the goal of the current study was to inform future research that aims to address access to quality care in the communities that need assistance the most. It was hypothesized that increasing rurality would worsen the following metrics: barriers to care (e.g., social disadvantage & pediatrician availability), clinical evaluation outcomes (e.g., age of diagnosis, language functioning, adaptive functioning, ASD severity), and access to …

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Magic! Missed Or Miracle?, Curt C. Anderson Jan 2023

Magic! Missed Or Miracle?, Curt C. Anderson

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Truth default theory holds that people do not expect or notice deception unless they are triggered to think outside their natural tendency to believe others (Levine, 2020). It follows that people may not notice something deceptive or seemingly impossible if they are not first primed to raise suspicion. This study tests truth-default theory and triggering in the context of magic tricks. It hypothesized that people could watch two magic tricks performed without realizing they just witnessed something impossible because they were not primed to be aware of the presence of the possibility of deception. The research design is a three-group …

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The Impact Of Socioeconomic Status On Pain Severity And Functioning In A Pediatric Rheumatic Pain Population, Tolulope Adetayo Jan 2023

The Impact Of Socioeconomic Status On Pain Severity And Functioning In A Pediatric Rheumatic Pain Population, Tolulope Adetayo

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Background: Low socioeconomic status (SES) may exacerbate pain and impede functioning in children with chronic widespread pain. SES can be categorized as objective or subjective and assessed at individual, family, and neighborhood levels. However, most studies do not assess SES this comprehensively, thus, the true impact of SES on child health is likely unknown. The proposed study examined the unique and interactive effects of different measures of SES on pain severity and functioning in children with rheumatic conditions including juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), juvenile primary fibromyalgia syndrome (JPFS), and non-specific musculoskeletal pain (NSMP). Methods: 88 children (32 JIA, 31 JPFS, …

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Analyzing Cannabinoid Stability In Different Conditions And Validating Novel Cannabinoids For Oral Fluid Analysis, Cody Paseur Jan 2023

Analyzing Cannabinoid Stability In Different Conditions And Validating Novel Cannabinoids For Oral Fluid Analysis, Cody Paseur

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Oral fluid (OF) drug testing has been expanded to laboratory evidentiary confirmation testing in driving under the influence (DUI) cases. OF samples are collected by officers at the roadside using collection devices such as the Quantisal® device. Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) was the most prevalent drug in Alabama DUI casework in 2022. Δ9-THC remains a Schedule I drug in Alabama and federally. Current validated targets in cannabinoid oral fluid testing include Δ9-THC, Δ8-THC, 9R-Δ10-THC, 9S-Δ10-THC 11-hydroxy-Δ9-THC (THC-OH), 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-THC (THC-OOH), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabidiol (CBD), and cannabinol (CBN). Due to the 2018 Farm Bill, cannabinoids derived from hemp with a Δ9-THC concentration less than …

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The Effect Of Temperature On The Rate Of Antibiotic Resistance Development In Vibrio Vulnificus, Amber Marie Richardson Jan 2023

The Effect Of Temperature On The Rate Of Antibiotic Resistance Development In Vibrio Vulnificus, Amber Marie Richardson

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Vibrio vulnificus is an environmentally encountered pathogen that humans may be exposed to through open wound contact with brackish waters or by ingestion of contaminated shellfish. In susceptible individuals, a V. vulnificus infection can spread rapidly, resulting in hospitalization, amputation, or even death. This bacterial species can cause aggressive infection, so treatment must often be aggressive as well. A typical treatment regimen includes combination therapy with a third-generation cephalosporin along with either a tetracycline or a fluoroquinolone. Although this method can work for now, antibiotic resistance is a looming threat that has emerged in many bacterial pathogens, including V. vulnificus. …

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Adaptive Behavior And Clinical Characteristics Of Children Referred For An Autism Spectrum Disorder Evaluation, Brianna Stein Jan 2023

Adaptive Behavior And Clinical Characteristics Of Children Referred For An Autism Spectrum Disorder Evaluation, Brianna Stein

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The current study aimed to identify patterns of adaptive functioning in autistic children. Additionally, this study assessed predictors of adaptive functioning by examining whether cognitive ability predicted adaptive functioning in children with and without ASD and exploring whether expressive and receptive language predicted adaptive behavior and whether those relationships were moderated by an ASD diagnosis. Participants included 196 children who were evaluated for ASD at a tertiary care clinic. In this sample, 89 participants (45%) were diagnosed with ASD, 143 (73%) were male, and the average age was 6.63 years old (SD= 3.08). Profile analysis was used to evaluate the …

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Validation Of 'Bath Salts' Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Andrew Harris Jan 2023

Validation Of 'Bath Salts' Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Andrew Harris

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New designer drugs are now being called “legal highs” because they were created to get around existing drug laws. This was done by modifying the molecular structures to create different chemical structures with similar effects to those illicit drugs. Synthetic cathinones, also referred to as ‘Bath Salts’, are the newest type of designer drugs that have stimulant effects. This research set out to validate a method for the separation and analysis of 3,4-Methylenedioxy Pyrovalerone 8 (3,4-Methylenedioxy PV8) 3,4-Methylenedioxy- N-Benzylcathinone (3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-BC), 4-Fluoro-alpha-Pyrrolidinohexanophenone (4-Fluoro-alpha-PHP), 4-Methyl-alpha-Ethylaminopentiophenone (4-Methyl-alpha- EAPP), and N-(1,4-dimethylpentyl)-3,4-Dimethoxyamphetamine (N-(1,4-dimethylpentyl)- 3,4-DMA). The parameters evaluated were limit of detection (LOD), interference, reproducibility, and …

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Development And Validation Of A Multiplex Str Amplification Reaction For Academic And Research Purposes, Ahana Chatterjee Jan 2023

Development And Validation Of A Multiplex Str Amplification Reaction For Academic And Research Purposes, Ahana Chatterjee

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Short Tandem Repeat (STR) typing has been accepted globally as a gold standard for human identity testing. In 1997, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Laboratory’s newly developed Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) consisted of 13 core loci to be targeted while DNA typing. In this context, leading biotechnology companies like Promega (Madison WI), Applied Biosystem/Life Technologies (Foster City, CA) etc. offer commercial STR typing kits for crime laboratories. However, these expensive kits are not the most suitable for academic and research laboratories. Students learning the method of STR typing and researchers showing proof of concept do not require identifying …

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