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Articles 27211 - 27240 of 572289

Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities

The Yafo (Jaffa) Harbor: The Course Of The Seawalls During The Crusader And Ottoman Periods And Remains Of The Wharf From The Days Of The British Mandate (Hebrew; English Summary), Elie Haddad, Alexander Glick Dec 2024

The Yafo (Jaffa) Harbor: The Course Of The Seawalls During The Crusader And Ottoman Periods And Remains Of The Wharf From The Days Of The British Mandate (Hebrew; English Summary), Elie Haddad, Alexander Glick

'Atiqot

Salvage excavations in the Yafo harbor area uncovered five strata (V–I), dating from the Byzantine period to the modern era. A short section of the Byzantine-period seawall and sections of the Crusader seawall were exposed, as well as four phases of the Ottoman-period harbor, including wharfs, a customs house and a seawall. At the end of the Ottoman and the beginning of the Mandate periods, a maritime citadel and a system of wide and narrow stairs were constructed. The finds included pottery, glass vessels, metal objects and seashells. The course of the seawalls in the Yafo harbor moved westward over …

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The Coins From The Synagogue At Ḥorbat Merot, Upper Galilee, Gabriela Bijovsky Dec 2024

The Coins From The Synagogue At Ḥorbat Merot, Upper Galilee, Gabriela Bijovsky

'Atiqot

A total of 1886 coins were discovered in the Merot synagogue excavations, 1152 of which were identified, including isolated coins, three foundation deposits and the synagogue’s community treasury (quppa), comprising gold and copper coins. According to the numismatic data, the synagogue flourished in the sixth century, when the community treasury was concealed.

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Selected Pottery From The Synagogue At Ḥorbat Merot, Débora Sandhaus Dec 2024

Selected Pottery From The Synagogue At Ḥorbat Merot, Débora Sandhaus

'Atiqot

The pottery finds retrieved in the synagogue excavations at Ḥorbat Merot included vessels from sealed loci below the Stratum II Phase 2 stone-paved synagogue, providing a terminus post quem for the laying of the Phase 2 floor, not earlier than the fifth century CE; and a complete Umayyad-period buff-ware flask found within a sealed rock-hewn niche below the Stratum II Phase 3 Bet Midrash floor. Roman- to Ottoman-period pottery from disturbed contexts was also retrieved. Based on the pottery finds, the site was occupied in the Early Roman, Roman, Byzantine, Early Islamic, Crusader, Ayyubid, Mamluk and Ottoman periods.

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The Synagogue At Ḥorbat Merot: Its Construction Phases And A New Interpretation Of The Finds (Hebrew; English Summary), Emmanuel Damati Dec 2024

The Synagogue At Ḥorbat Merot: Its Construction Phases And A New Interpretation Of The Finds (Hebrew; English Summary), Emmanuel Damati

'Atiqot

This article focuses on the ancient synagogue uncovered at Ḥorbat Merot and offers a new interpretation of its various phases. Three strata were identified: Stratum I, predating the synagogue, from the Early Roman period; Stratum II, the construction of the synagogue and its use, with three phases dating from the Byzantine to the Early Islamic periods; and Stratum III, when the building served as a dwelling in the Mamluk period. In the Ottoman period, an Algerian village existed on-site. The excavation of the synagogue yielded many finds, including coin deposits dating from the fourth and fifth centuries CE; a treasury …

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Coins From The Hellenistic–Byzantine-Period Rural Settlement At El-Khirba, Shoham, Donald T. Ariel Dec 2024

Coins From The Hellenistic–Byzantine-Period Rural Settlement At El-Khirba, Shoham, Donald T. Ariel

'Atiqot

A total of 208 coins were found at el-Khirba, Shoham, all but three (which are silver-plated) are bronze. The numismatic profile of the assemblage conforms to the tripartite chronological division of the site: the Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine periods.

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The Metal Objects From The Hellenistic–Byzantine-Period Rural Settlement At El-Khirba, Shoham, Shulamit Hadad Dec 2024

The Metal Objects From The Hellenistic–Byzantine-Period Rural Settlement At El-Khirba, Shoham, Shulamit Hadad

'Atiqot

A few iron and copper-alloy objects were retrieved from el-Khirba, Shoham, in contexts dated from the Hellenistic to the Byzantine periods. These include tacks, fibulae, kohl sticks, discs of unknown function, part of a lock or a clasp, a square weight, nails and a complete hoe.

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The Stone Objects From The Hellenistic–Byzantine-Period Rural Settlement At El-Khirba, Shoham, Shulamit Hadad, Ofer Sion Dec 2024

The Stone Objects From The Hellenistic–Byzantine-Period Rural Settlement At El-Khirba, Shoham, Shulamit Hadad, Ofer Sion

'Atiqot

The assemblage of stone artifacts from el-Khirba, Shoham, comprises both vessels and working tools dating from the Hellenistic to the Byzantine period. The finds include chalkstone and basalt vessels, whorls, a bead, and hand and donkey millstones.

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The Glass Vessels From The Hellenistic–Byzantine-Period Rural Settlement At El-Khirba, Shoham, Shulamit Hadad Dec 2024

The Glass Vessels From The Hellenistic–Byzantine-Period Rural Settlement At El-Khirba, Shoham, Shulamit Hadad

'Atiqot

Many fragments of glass vessels were found in the excavations at el-Khirba, Shoham. The most striking find is a core-formed amphoriskos fragment dated to the late seventh–sixth centuries BCE, which was found out of context. The glass assemblage includes a cast ribbed bowl and blown vessels dating from the Early Roman through the Byzantine periods, their majority dating to the third–fourth centuries CE.

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A Knidian Stamped Amphora Handle From The Rural Settlement At El-Khirba, Shoham, Donald T. Ariel Dec 2024

A Knidian Stamped Amphora Handle From The Rural Settlement At El-Khirba, Shoham, Donald T. Ariel

'Atiqot

A Knidian stamped amphora handle was uncovered at el-Khirba, Shoham, in as stratum dating between the third and first centuries BCE. It is a rectangular aniconic stamp of a two-letter monogram. The small size of the stamp suggests that it belongs to a group of the Knidian Class termed ‘early Knidian.’

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The Pottery From The Hellenistic–Byzantine-Period Rural Settlement At El-Khirba, Shoham, Yehudah Rapuano Dec 2024

The Pottery From The Hellenistic–Byzantine-Period Rural Settlement At El-Khirba, Shoham, Yehudah Rapuano

'Atiqot

Most of the pottery recovered from the excavations at el-Khirba, Shoham, was of local manufacture. The examples range in date from the early Hellenistic to the Late Roman/early Byzantine periods, exhibiting pottery forms typical of the Judean region. Based on the ceramic finds, the settlement’s peak was between the second half of the first century BCE to 70 CE. The occupation of the site came to an end probably in the fifth century or even as late as the sixth century CE.

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A Rural Settlement From The Hellenistic To The Byzantine Periods At El-Khirba, Shoham (Hebrew; English Summary), Ofer Sion Dec 2024

A Rural Settlement From The Hellenistic To The Byzantine Periods At El-Khirba, Shoham (Hebrew; English Summary), Ofer Sion

'Atiqot

Three areas (A–C) were excavated at el-Khirba, uncovering building remains of a farmhouse from the Hellenistic period (third–second centuries BCE); a Jewish village from the Hasmonean period (Stratum IIa; second–first century BCE), the Roman (Herodian) period (Stratum IIb; first century BCE–first century CE) and in the period between the two Jewish Revolts (Stratum IIc; late first–second centuries CE); and a village from the Late Roman–Byzantine periods (Strata Ia–c; fourth century CE). A complex winepress was also found, dating to the second half of the fourth century CE, as well as quarries, tombs and cisterns. Activity at the site decreased in …

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The Flint Assemblage From Site 152 In Ramot Menashe, Maya Oron Dec 2024

The Flint Assemblage From Site 152 In Ramot Menashe, Maya Oron

'Atiqot

The flint assemblage from Site 152 included few diagnostic items, which were assigned to the Chalcolithic period, the Intermediate/Early Bronze Age, the Middle Bronze Age and the Iron Age. The raw material is light to dark brown flint of good quality, probably from nearby sources.

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Site 152: A Small Settlement From The Bronze And Iron Ages In Ramot Menashe (With Contributions By Miriam Pines, Inbar Ktalav) (Hebrew; English Summary), Ron Beeri Dec 2024

Site 152: A Small Settlement From The Bronze And Iron Ages In Ramot Menashe (With Contributions By Miriam Pines, Inbar Ktalav) (Hebrew; English Summary), Ron Beeri

'Atiqot

In a trial excavation conducted at Site 152 four occupation strata were discovered, dating to the Intermediate Bronze Age, Middle Bronze Age II, Late Bronze Age I and Iron Age I. A water channel, dating to the Hellenistic period or later, was also found. The finds included pottery, flint tools, animal bones and mollusks. This area appears to have been settled in almost all historical periods due to its proximity to water streams and alluvial soils.

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Front Matter, The Editorial Board Dec 2024

Front Matter, The Editorial Board

'Atiqot

Table of contents

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The Glass Finds From The Monastery At Ḥura, Tamar Winter Dec 2024

The Glass Finds From The Monastery At Ḥura, Tamar Winter

'Atiqot

The glass finds from the Ḥura monastery are typical of sixth–seventh-century CE ecclesiastical complexes: the wineglass, bottles and jugs may have been used in the church liturgy; the lamps probably illuminated the monastery halls; and the windowpanes appear to have been part of the monastery building. Thus, the glass finds from Ḥura attest to an active Christian community, which probably ceased to be active in the Umayyad period (the eighth century CE).

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Greek Inscriptions From The Byzantine-Period Monastery At Ḥura, Yulia Ustinova Dec 2024

Greek Inscriptions From The Byzantine-Period Monastery At Ḥura, Yulia Ustinova

'Atiqot

Five mosaic inscriptions adorned the halls of the Byzantine-period monastery at Ḥura, four of them in Greek and one is bilingual. One inscription belongs to an early phase of the building, from the late fourth or early fifth century CE, while the other inscriptions belong to the monastery of the sixth century CE. Two of the latter inscriptions contain dates within the last quarter of the sixth century CE.

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A Byzantine-Period Monastery At Ḥura, Daniel Varga, Rina Talgam Dec 2024

A Byzantine-Period Monastery At Ḥura, Daniel Varga, Rina Talgam

'Atiqot

A building identified as a monastery, probably associated with the nearby Byzantine settlement at Ḥorbat Ḥur, was paved with four mosaic pavements containing four Greek inscriptions and one bilingual inscription in Greek and local Syriac. The inscription in the prayer hall indicates that the building was a monastery, probably founded in 575 CE. The monastery’s cemetery, located to its southwest, was well-preserved including four sealed graves of adult males, possibly monks. The mosaic art in the monastery deviates from the period’s trends, depicting figurative images and implicit crosses. This, and the location of the monastery, suggest that the monastery served …

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A Greek Inscription From The Villa At Herẓliyya Bet, Leah Di Segni Dec 2024

A Greek Inscription From The Villa At Herẓliyya Bet, Leah Di Segni

'Atiqot

A Greek dedicatory inscription uncovered in the mosaic floor of a triclinium in a villa at Herẓliyya was dated based on the shape of its letters to the Byzantine period, in the fifth century CE. The inscription seems to have been written by the mosaicists, who ask for the mercy of a certain sovereign power, herein identified as God.

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A Byzantine-Period Villa At Herẓliyya Bet, In The Southern Sharon Plain, Itai Elad Dec 2024

A Byzantine-Period Villa At Herẓliyya Bet, In The Southern Sharon Plain, Itai Elad

'Atiqot

A unique Byzantine-period villa unearthed in Herẓliyya was identified as a luxurious country residential complex. Based on the inscription set in the mosaic floor of the triclinium, and the small finds, it is suggested to date the villa to the fifth century CE. The architectural style indicates that it belonged to a wealthy owner, perhaps a Samaritan, due to the presence of a miqweh and the absence of figurative images in the mosaic.

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Fifteenth To Seventeenth-Century Ce Hebrew Epitaphs From The Jewish Cemetery At Ẓefat (Safed), Yosef Stepansky Dec 2024

Fifteenth To Seventeenth-Century Ce Hebrew Epitaphs From The Jewish Cemetery At Ẓefat (Safed), Yosef Stepansky

'Atiqot

More than 100 previously undocumented Hebrew epitaphs (many of them fragmentary) dating from the fifteenth to the seventeenth century were uncovered in the ancient Jewish cemetery of Ẓefat (Safed) through the initiative of the Safed Religious Council. This is by far the largest corpus of ancient Hebrew inscriptions found in one site in Israel. Information gleaned from the engraved names of the deceased attests to a diverse and vibrant Jewish community that existed in the city during these centuries, according with accounts in other historical sources. The study of the epitaphs enriches our knowledge concerning,for example, the existence of certified …

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Christian Graffiti On A Reused Lintel From Mamluk-Period Ramla: A Glimpse From The East Into Western Medieval Society, Clément Dussart Dec 2024

Christian Graffiti On A Reused Lintel From Mamluk-Period Ramla: A Glimpse From The East Into Western Medieval Society, Clément Dussart

'Atiqot

The subject of this paper is an inconspicuous stone lintel kept in the Rockefeller Museum, Jerusalem, heavily marked with graffiti and writing. The stone exhibits various kinds of markings: drawings of coats of arms, pilgrim names and ad hoc inscriptions, clearly carved by Christian pilgrims to the Holy Land during the Mamluk period. The scribbles allude to the inner way of thinking of the pilgrims, offering unique information as to the personal motives for undertaking the arduous travel and insights into the making of Western Christian societies in the European late medieval period. Most of the markings on the stone …

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A Medieval Book Fitting(?) From The ‘Atlit Castle, Vardit Shotten-Hallel, Dana Ashkenazi Dec 2024

A Medieval Book Fitting(?) From The ‘Atlit Castle, Vardit Shotten-Hallel, Dana Ashkenazi

'Atiqot

A metal object found on the surface at the ‘Atlit Castle was identified as a book fitting. Although such mounts could have served other functions, such as inlays, belt or girdle mounts, this artifact was probably an anchor-plate, part of a book clasp for a medieval codex, possibly of religious content, bound in a leather cover. Visual testing inspection and SEM-EDS analysis of the book fitting have shown that the item was made of a heterogeneous composition of copper alloy. This book fitting joins a growing corpus of metal artifacts from the Latin East, establishing a metallurgical database for future …

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French Inscriptions In The Latin Kingdom Of Jerusalem: From The Written Word To The Museum, Estelle Ingrand-Varenne Dec 2024

French Inscriptions In The Latin Kingdom Of Jerusalem: From The Written Word To The Museum, Estelle Ingrand-Varenne

'Atiqot

Epigraphic transition to writing in the vernacular languages was one of the most striking phenomena in the sociocultural history of medieval Europe from the twelfth century onward, affecting all domains of written culture and progressing at different paces in different places. This transition took place in the Crusader states, as in France, in the mid-thirteenth century, but here with a radical turn from medieval Latin to Outremer French—an Old French dialect used in the Latin East. This paper examines isolated French words (names) in the extant inscriptions from the Kingdom of Jerusalem, tracing the transitional stages and identifying the actors …

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A Unique Crusader-Period Lead Seal From The Old City Of Jerusalem, Robert Kool, Annette Landes-Nagar Dec 2024

A Unique Crusader-Period Lead Seal From The Old City Of Jerusalem, Robert Kool, Annette Landes-Nagar

'Atiqot

A unique lead seal of the Byzantine Patriarch of Jerusalem, Leontios II (1176–1184/85), was discovered in a salvage excavation in Jerusalem’s Old City. This is the first seal of this patriarch to have been found, confirming the sojourn of Leontios II to the Kingdom of Jerusalem in 1177–1178. It also sheds new light on the attempts of the Byzantine emperor, Manuel I Komnenos, to maintain his influence over the reigning Jerusalem dynasty.

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A Terracotta Pen-And-Inkwell Case From Jerusalem, Nitzan Amitai-Preiss, Peter Gendelman, Ortal Chalaf, Anastasia Shapiro Dec 2024

A Terracotta Pen-And-Inkwell Case From Jerusalem, Nitzan Amitai-Preiss, Peter Gendelman, Ortal Chalaf, Anastasia Shapiro

'Atiqot

Excavations in the Strauss Building, located next to the Western Wall Plaza in the Old City of Jerusalem, yielded a unique ornamental two-level terracotta pen-and-inkwell case, comprising an upper level with a rectangular pencase and a bowl-shaped inkwell holder, and a lower level with two compartments. The sides of the pencase have incised decorations depicting a throne and a throne room, and the base bears an Arabic inscription composed of a paraphrase of two verses from a maqāma poem by Badī‘ al-Zamān, and the name of the poet or/and the owner, Mūsā. The dating of the pencase to the Fatimid …

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An Abbasid-Period Stone Mold With An Engraved Kufic Arabic Inscription From The Giv‘Ati Parking Lot Excavations, Jerusalem, Michael Chernin, Oscar Bejarano, Yuval Gadot, Yiftah Shalev Dec 2024

An Abbasid-Period Stone Mold With An Engraved Kufic Arabic Inscription From The Giv‘Ati Parking Lot Excavations, Jerusalem, Michael Chernin, Oscar Bejarano, Yuval Gadot, Yiftah Shalev

'Atiqot

Excavations in the Giv‘ati Parking Lot in Jerusalem uncovered extensive architectural remains dating from the Iron Age to the Early Islamic period, the latest dating to the Abbasid period. The remains from the Abbasid period comprise a large commercial area where a metal industry operated. This paper presents an Abbasid-period stone mold for casting metal artifacts engraved with an Arabic inscription, whose purpose and meaning are discussed by the authors based on parallels from material finds and written sources.

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A Greek Inscribed Early Islamic-Period Oil Lamp From Jerusalem, Leah Di Segni, Benyamin Storchan, Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah Dec 2024

A Greek Inscribed Early Islamic-Period Oil Lamp From Jerusalem, Leah Di Segni, Benyamin Storchan, Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah

'Atiqot

A unique mold-made oil lamp dating from the Early Islamic period was found in the Old City of Jerusalem. It was inscribed in Greek on the upper and lower parts of its body, including the shoulder and the base. The lamp is of the Jerash type, produced between the late sixth and mid-eighth centuries CE. The lamp owner was most likely a Greek-speaking Christian—a resident of the city or a visitor from across the Jordan—on pilgrimage or on a commercial or social journey, attesting to a continuous presence of Christian visitors in the Holy City in the Early Islamic period.

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A Bilingual Greek-Georgian Inscription From Mount Zion, Jerusalem, And The Location Of The “Monastery Of The Iberians”, Michael Chernin Dec 2024

A Bilingual Greek-Georgian Inscription From Mount Zion, Jerusalem, And The Location Of The “Monastery Of The Iberians”, Michael Chernin

'Atiqot

A salvage excavation on the southern part of Mount Zion uncovered building remains dating from the Byzantine period. A bilingual Greek-Georgian mosaic inscription was discovered in one of the rooms of the building complex. Based on this finding, and in light of the early written sources, the author proposes to identify the building with the Monastery of the Iberians.

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Two Greek Inscriptions On Mosaics From The Theater At Shuni, Leah Di Segni Dec 2024

Two Greek Inscriptions On Mosaics From The Theater At Shuni, Leah Di Segni

'Atiqot

Two Greek inscriptions, set in a mosaic pavement in the pool adjoining the eastern side of the theater of Shuni, celebrate the foundation of this structure by the otherwise unknown governor of First Palestine Flavius Marcianus Antipater, whose term of office can be dated by his titulature to the second half of the fifth or the early sixth century CE. One of the inscriptions, though fragmentary, can be recognized as an epigram. Both inscriptions exhibit a high level of sophistication, fitting the site where they were found, the location of a renowned Maiumas festival known for its cultural refinement.

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A Boundary Stone From Kafr Nafaḥ And The Preservation Of Ancient Place Names In The Northern And Central Golan Heights, Danny Syon, Chaim Ben David Dec 2024

A Boundary Stone From Kafr Nafaḥ And The Preservation Of Ancient Place Names In The Northern And Central Golan Heights, Danny Syon, Chaim Ben David

'Atiqot

A Roman imperial boundary stone, erected under Diocletian in c. 300 CE, was reused as a covering stone of a fourth-century CE grave. It bears the Greek names of the villages Ramathana and Kapharnapha, identified as the late Ottoman villages Ramtaniyye and Kafr Nafaḥ. This is the first instance where ancient names were preserved by the modern ones in the central Golan Heights, overturning previous assumptions in this regard. Archaeological evidence from both sites confirms their existence in the Roman and Byzantine periods. It seems that the preservation of the name of Kafr Nafaḥ is due to its location along …

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