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Articles 22441 - 22470 of 570564

Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities

Safed (Zefat), Jerusalem Street: Crusader-Period Remains In The Vicinity Of The Castle (Pp. 45*–84*), Hervé Barbé Jan 2025

Safed (Zefat), Jerusalem Street: Crusader-Period Remains In The Vicinity Of The Castle (Pp. 45*–84*), Hervé Barbé

'Atiqot

The excavation on Jerusalem Street, Safed uncovered remains that once occupied a terrace on the western slope of a hill, below the thirteenth-century medieval castle. A detailed picture of the Crusader period emerged from the synthesis of stratigraphic analyses, Carbon-14 dating and the study of the various finds, i.e., pottery, metal objects, glass, coins and faunal remains. The pottery and glass finds date to the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Coins from the construction, occupation and destruction layers all date to the Ayyubid or Frankish periods, between 1146 and 1243–1248 CE. Based on the numismatic finds, it is feasible to attribute …

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Shells From The Excavation Of Yavne-Yam (North) (Pp. 39*–43*), Henk K. Mienis Jan 2025

Shells From The Excavation Of Yavne-Yam (North) (Pp. 39*–43*), Henk K. Mienis

'Atiqot

The excavation at Yavne-Yam (North) yielded several samples of shells, most of which were collected in the shell-pit in Area C. The shell material includes a mixture of marine, terrestrial and freshwater molluscs, belonging to 33 different species, which originated in three different regions: 24 species are from the Mediterranean Sea, 8 gastropods are local terrestrial species from the dune area between Yavne-Yam and Palmahim, and a single bivalve species is obviously from the nearby stream of Naḥal Soreq. It seems that most of the marine shells at the site were used as building material, e.g., as mortar.

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Yavne-Yam (North): Geomorphology And Environment (Hebrew, Pp. 59–67; English Summary, Pp. 120*–121*), Oren Ackermann Jan 2025

Yavne-Yam (North): Geomorphology And Environment (Hebrew, Pp. 59–67; English Summary, Pp. 120*–121*), Oren Ackermann

'Atiqot

Yavne-Yam (North) is located on the coastal plain of Peleshet, on the border of the Rishon Le-Ziyyon and Yavne dunes, approximately 200 m from the coastline. The site is buried under sand dunes. Two representative sections were examined (E and W). In Section E, four sand units were identified, containing occupation levels (especially Units 2 and 4) that were subjected to an accumulation of sand. At the bottom of the dune (Unit 1), Late Roman-period pottery was found. In Section W, excavated to the west of the site, three units were observed: Unit 1 contained 94% sand; Unit 2 is …

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A Roman-Period Fishing Station At Yavne-Yam (North) (Hebrew, Pp. 49–58; English Summary, P. 118*–119*), Jacob Sharvit, Dror Planer Jan 2025

A Roman-Period Fishing Station At Yavne-Yam (North) (Hebrew, Pp. 49–58; English Summary, P. 118*–119*), Jacob Sharvit, Dror Planer

'Atiqot

Excavations at Yavne-Yam yielded remains of fishing equipment. The finds included 12 complete, unmarked weights, which were cast in a stone or pottery mold; 24 lead droplets and shapeless lumps; 35 fragments of square-sectioned bronze nails—their heads flat and round, or pointed and thickened. Other metal artifacts in the assemblage include a bronze ring and a bronze sewing needle, possibly for sails. The lead weights and industrial waste were discovered together with coins dating from the second to the first half of the fourth century CE; therefore, the assemblage was dated to the Late Roman period. The variety of the …

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The Pottery And Stone Vessels From Yavne-Yam (North) (Hebrew, Pp. 31–42; English Summary, P. 116*), Eriola Jakoel Jan 2025

The Pottery And Stone Vessels From Yavne-Yam (North) (Hebrew, Pp. 31–42; English Summary, P. 116*), Eriola Jakoel

'Atiqot

Excavations at Yavne-Yam yielded potsherds from the Middle Bronze Age and possibly the Late Bronze Age, and from the Persian to the Late Roman (third–fourth centuries CE) periods. Scant finds from the Byzantine and Ottoman periods were retrieved mainly from the surface. Stone vessels from the Early Roman period (first–third centuries CE) were also found. The Roman-period ceramic assemblage changes our understanding of the history of Yavne-Yam’s occupation, as they testify to extensive activity at the site during this period, which was only poorly represented in previous surveys and excavations at the site. A particularly striking feature of the ceramic …

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The Coins From Yavne-Yam (North) (Hebrew, Pp. 43–48; English Summary, P. 117*), Donald T. Ariel Jan 2025

The Coins From Yavne-Yam (North) (Hebrew, Pp. 43–48; English Summary, P. 117*), Donald T. Ariel

'Atiqot

Twenty-eight coins were found in the excavations, dating from the first through the fourth centuries CE. Seven folles may have derived from a hoard that was subsequently scattered. One exception is an autonomous Philistine coin (c. 420–390 BCE), which may be associated with other finds from the Persian period in this part of the site.

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Yavne-Yam (North): An Agricultural Area And Cemeteries From The Middle And Late Bronze Ages, And The Persian, Hellenistic, Roman And Byzantine Periods (With Contributions By Eriola Jakoel And Limor Talmi)(Hebrew, Pp. 1–29; English Summary, Pp. 113*–115*), Moshe Ajami, Uzi 'Ad Jan 2025

Yavne-Yam (North): An Agricultural Area And Cemeteries From The Middle And Late Bronze Ages, And The Persian, Hellenistic, Roman And Byzantine Periods (With Contributions By Eriola Jakoel And Limor Talmi)(Hebrew, Pp. 1–29; English Summary, Pp. 113*–115*), Moshe Ajami, Uzi 'Ad

'Atiqot

In an excavation south of Kibbutz Palmahim, the northern agricultural hinterland of Yavne-Yam was exposed, including its agricultural installations and cemetery. In Area A a winepress, a building and a channel were excavated, dating to the Persian, Hellenistic and Roman periods. Area B yielded two adjacent winepresses and a kiln from the Persian and Hellenistic periods, and an installation and a retaining wall dating to between the Persian and the Late Roman periods. In Area C, middens of stones and shells were uncovered, probably dating from the Roman period. Areas D1 and D2 yielded the remains of a cemetery that …

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An Iron Age Site At Khirbat Umm El-Baqr (Naḥal Adorayim) (With Contributions By Emil Aladjem)(Hebrew, Pp. 69–105; English Summary, Pp. 122*–123*), Pirhiya Nahshoni, Svetlana Talis Jan 2025

An Iron Age Site At Khirbat Umm El-Baqr (Naḥal Adorayim) (With Contributions By Emil Aladjem)(Hebrew, Pp. 69–105; English Summary, Pp. 122*–123*), Pirhiya Nahshoni, Svetlana Talis

'Atiqot

Two areas (A, B) were excavated at Khirbat Umm el-Baqr, north of Naḥal Adorayim. In Area A, two small, natural caves were found; no finds or evidence of use were observed. In Area B, Early Bronze Age finds were unearthed in an irregularly shaped pit, and remains of at least two buildings were exposed, dating from the end of Iron I to the beginning of Iron II (end of the eleventh–beginning of the tenth centuries BCE). The finds from the Early Bronze Age comprise potsherds and a Canaanite flint blade, and those of the Iron Age consist of pottery, a …

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Glass Vessels From Yavne (Pp. 35*–37*), Yael Gorin-Rosen Jan 2025

Glass Vessels From Yavne (Pp. 35*–37*), Yael Gorin-Rosen

'Atiqot

During the excavation at Yavne, 33 diagnostic glass fragments were found, the majority belonging to common Late Roman- and Byzantine-period types (fourth–sixth centuries CE). The assemblage includes bowls, beakers and bottles, and two types of oil lamps, hollow-stemmed and bowl-shaped with a wick-tube. The most important glass find is a small body fragment of a mold-blown beaker, decorated with almond-shaped knobs, which is dated to the first century CE. Although the Yavne fragment was found in a refuse pit with later glass finds, the discovery of such a vessel at the site contributes significantly to our knowledge about the distribution …

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An Iron Age Cemetery And Other Remains At Yavne (With A Contribution By Danny Syon)(Pp. 1*–33*), Raz Kletter, Yossi Nagar Jan 2025

An Iron Age Cemetery And Other Remains At Yavne (With A Contribution By Danny Syon)(Pp. 1*–33*), Raz Kletter, Yossi Nagar

'Atiqot

Excavations at Yavne, on the plain immediately north of the ancient tell, uncovered finds from several periods: small finds from the Early and Middle Bronze Ages; a Late Bronze Age tomb; an Iron Age cemetery; and scanty remains from the Byzantine and Ottoman periods. The Iron Age cemetery comprised 28 tombs and graves. This large, dense cemetery provides significant archaeological evidence of the Philistine city of Yavne during the tenth–eighth centuries BCE.

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An Excavation In The Courtyard Of The Knights’ Palace Hotel In The Christian Quarter, The Old City Of Jerusalem (With A Contribution By Ariel Berman) (Hebrew, Pp. 67*–108*; English Summary, Pp. 145–147), Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah, Miriam Avissar Jan 2025

An Excavation In The Courtyard Of The Knights’ Palace Hotel In The Christian Quarter, The Old City Of Jerusalem (With A Contribution By Ariel Berman) (Hebrew, Pp. 67*–108*; English Summary, Pp. 145–147), Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah, Miriam Avissar

'Atiqot

The excavation in the courtyard of the Knights’ Palace Hotel abutted the inner eastern face of the Ottoman City wall. Five strata (V–I) were documented. In the earliest stratum (V), a drainage channel was exposed; it was probably linked to the Byzantine-period drainage system outside the Old City wall. Stratum IV yielded fills and meager construction remains from the Early Islamic period (eighth or ninth to tenth centuries CE). The main architectural remains were uncovered in Stratum III (late Crusader and Ayyubid periods; second half of the twelfth and early thirteenth centuries CE), including a square tower that was incorporated …

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Chemical And Isotopic Study Of Lead-Based Objects From A Late Roman Tomb On Sallah Ed-Din Street, Jerusalem (Pp. 133–138), Irina Segal Jan 2025

Chemical And Isotopic Study Of Lead-Based Objects From A Late Roman Tomb On Sallah Ed-Din Street, Jerusalem (Pp. 133–138), Irina Segal

'Atiqot

Several lead-based artifacts, discovered in a cist tomb (T2200) within the Late Roman-period cemetery on Sallah ed-Din Street, were analyzed in order to elucidate their chemical composition and provenance. The chemical composition of some of the objects seems to point to a mining source located in central Britain. It seems reasonable to suggest that soldiers of the Roman army brought these lead objects to Jerusalem.

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A Magical Amulet From The Cemetery On Sallah Ed-Din Street, Jerusalem (Pp. 127–132), Gabriel Mazor Jan 2025

A Magical Amulet From The Cemetery On Sallah Ed-Din Street, Jerusalem (Pp. 127–132), Gabriel Mazor

'Atiqot

A magical amulet, discovered in a burial cave within the Roman-period cemetery on Sallah ed-Din Street, is made from cobalt glass and is of fair workmanship. The amulet is engraved on the obverse with the image of Artemis/Diana in a frontal hunting posture, and on the reverse, with Greek letters. This finding supports the assumption that the cave may have served the family of a Roman veteran of the Tenth Legion, who resided in Aelia Capitolina sometime during the second–third centuries CE.

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Coins From Excavations On Sallah Ed-Din Street, Jerusalem (Pp. 125–126), Gabriela Bijovsky Jan 2025

Coins From Excavations On Sallah Ed-Din Street, Jerusalem (Pp. 125–126), Gabriela Bijovsky

'Atiqot

During excavations on Sallah ed-Din Street, three bronze coins were discovered: one, a prutah of Agrippa I, is related to the Second Temple-period quarry and the other two belong to the Late Roman cemetery. One of the latter coins was discovered within the skull of the deceased, suggesting the pagan custom related to Charon’s obol. The second coin from the cemetery was perforated, and might have been used as a pendant.

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Human Skeletal Remains From Late Roman Tombs On Sallah Ed-Din Street, Jerusalem (Pp. 73–79), Yossi Nagar Jan 2025

Human Skeletal Remains From Late Roman Tombs On Sallah Ed-Din Street, Jerusalem (Pp. 73–79), Yossi Nagar

'Atiqot

Poorly preserved human skeletal remains, belonging to at least 77 individuals, were recovered from Burial Cave I and 43 rock-cut cist tombs on Sallah ed-Din Street. Most of the cist tombs contained a single primary burial. Pathologies in the sample include three traumatic lesions, which are relatively common in skeletal populations. Individuals from both sexes were almost equally represented; infants were underrepresented. The burials indicate a civilian population, similar to other reported Roman-Byzantine populations in the country.

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Late Roman Funerary Customs In Light Of The Grave Goods From The Cemetery On Sallah Ed-Din Street, Jerusalem (Pp. 81–123), Tamar Winter Jan 2025

Late Roman Funerary Customs In Light Of The Grave Goods From The Cemetery On Sallah Ed-Din Street, Jerusalem (Pp. 81–123), Tamar Winter

'Atiqot

The burial ground on Sallah ed-Din Street yielded many glass vessels and numerous gold, lead, copper/bronze, iron, glass, wood, shell and bone artifacts. The glass vessels and the various artifacts from the cemetery resemble finds from other Late Roman burials in Jerusalem and its vicinity. It can be inferred that some of the interred in the cemetery on Sallah ed-Din Street were foreigners, perhaps soldiers in the Roman army and their families.

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Excavations On Sallah Ed-Din Street, Jerusalem, And The Northern Cemetery Of Aelia Capitolina (Pp. 45–71), Gideon Avni, Zubeir Adawi Jan 2025

Excavations On Sallah Ed-Din Street, Jerusalem, And The Northern Cemetery Of Aelia Capitolina (Pp. 45–71), Gideon Avni, Zubeir Adawi

'Atiqot

Excavations west of Sallah ed-Din Street exposed 57 cist tombs and 4 rock-cut burial caves within one of Jerusalem’s largest ancient burial grounds. A relatively large amount of grave goods was recovered from the tombs, including pottery, glass vessels, lead objects and jewelry. None of the finds exhibit Jewish or early Christian ornamentation, thus indicating that these communities were not among the population of Aelia Capitolina at the time. The area was exploited as an open quarry during the late Second Temple period, and some of the Late Roman tombs were cut into that quarry. Following the abandonment of the …

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Glass Finds From Ketef Hinnom, Jerusalem (Pp. 35–44), Natalya Katsnelson Jan 2025

Glass Finds From Ketef Hinnom, Jerusalem (Pp. 35–44), Natalya Katsnelson

'Atiqot

The excavations at Ketef Hinnom yielded 347 glass fragments, including a large amount of Ottoman-period and modern glass. The Roman-period glass fragments date to the first–early third centuries CE, including two bowls, a beaker, a jug, candlestick bottles and a small cosmetic bottle. A significant find is a rare, mold-blown ‘Sidonian’ juglet. The few glass finds that can be associated with the Byzantine period comprise a wineglass, an oil lamp, two small glass tesserae and several windowpane fragments.

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The Coins From The Excavations At Ketef Hinnom, Jerusalem (Hebrew, Pp. 59*–65*; English Summary, P. 144), Donald T. Ariel Jan 2025

The Coins From The Excavations At Ketef Hinnom, Jerusalem (Hebrew, Pp. 59*–65*; English Summary, P. 144), Donald T. Ariel

'Atiqot

In the excavations at Ketef Hinnom, 51 coins were found and 26 were identified. The Byzantine-period coins are all of small denominations, and do not postdate the mid-sixth century CE. This finding is of importance regarding the identification of the Byzantine church uncovered at the site.

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Skeletal Remains From The Excavations At Ketef Hinnom, Jerusalem (Hebrew, Pp. 55*–58*; English Summary, P. 143), Yossi Nagar Jan 2025

Skeletal Remains From The Excavations At Ketef Hinnom, Jerusalem (Hebrew, Pp. 55*–58*; English Summary, P. 143), Yossi Nagar

'Atiqot

The skeletal remains from the burial tombs at Ketef Hinnom date to Iron Age II and the Late Roman period. The bones from the Iron Age were scattered in a repository located in a Second Temple-period quarry; they probably belonged to a Jewish population. The bones from the Late Roman period were found in several tombs that contained mostly one interred; these burials seem to represent a pagan population. Bones from the Byzantine period were documented solely in previous excavations at the site.

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A Cemetery, A Quarry And Remains Of A Church At Ketef Hinnom, Jerusalem (Hebrew, Pp. 23*–53*; English Summary, Pp. 141–142), Rina Avner, Yehiel Zelinger Jan 2025

A Cemetery, A Quarry And Remains Of A Church At Ketef Hinnom, Jerusalem (Hebrew, Pp. 23*–53*; English Summary, Pp. 141–142), Rina Avner, Yehiel Zelinger

'Atiqot

The excavations at the site exposed the remains of two burial caves from Iron Age II, which were destroyed by quarrying activity during the Second Temple period. The area was exploited again for burial during the Late Roman period. This later cemetery held evidence of cremation—a burial custom attributed to the pagan population living in Jerusalem after the fall of the Second Temple. The architectural finds from the Byzantine period confirmed the previous identification of auxiliary rooms next to the apse of the church. The finds include pottery and stone objects dating to Iron Age II and the Persian, early …

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Faunal Remains From The 1994–1996 Excavations At The Temple Mount, Jerusalem (Pp. 19–34), Ronny Reich, Ya'akov Billig, Dalia Hakker-Orion, Omri Lernau Jan 2025

Faunal Remains From The 1994–1996 Excavations At The Temple Mount, Jerusalem (Pp. 19–34), Ronny Reich, Ya'akov Billig, Dalia Hakker-Orion, Omri Lernau

'Atiqot

This study focused on the faunal remains (N = 3618) retrieved from three strata unearthed above the Second Temple-period stone-paved road along the southern part of the western wall of the Temple Mount. The three strata date to the Early Roman (first century BCE and first century CE–70 CE; Stratum 4), the Late Roman–Byzantine (second–sixth centuries CE; Stratum 3) and the Early Islamic (seventh–eighth centuries CE; Stratum 2) periods. The faunal remains from the Early Roman period reflect the large amounts of waste created by the various populations in the city, with a predominance of Jewish pilgrims. Following the destruction …

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Coins From Ras El-‘Amud, Jerusalem (Pp. 13–17), Donald T. Ariel Jan 2025

Coins From Ras El-‘Amud, Jerusalem (Pp. 13–17), Donald T. Ariel

'Atiqot

During the excavation at Ras el-‘Amud, 27 bronze coins were found, 22 of which were identified. The coins date from the Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine periods, and include several coins minted during the Jewish War, the latest from Year 4 (69/70 CE).

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An Israelite Basketry-Box Sealing From The Western Wall Plaza Excavations, Jerusalem (Pp. 1–12), Baruch Brandl Jan 2025

An Israelite Basketry-Box Sealing From The Western Wall Plaza Excavations, Jerusalem (Pp. 1–12), Baruch Brandl

'Atiqot

A clay sealing was retrieved from the Iron Age II building uncovered in the Western Wall Plaza excavations. It was identified as Israelite, based on typological and stylistic grounds, as well as on the geo-political distribution of such seals. The basketry-box sealing seems to have reached Judah either during the ninth century BCE, or in the hands of a refugee during the last decades of the eighth century BCE, between 850 and 722 BCE.

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Iron Age And Second Temple-Period Remains At Ras El-‘Amud, Jerusalem (With A Contribution By Tamar Winter) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–21*; English Summary, Pp. 139–140), Alla Nagorsky, Zvi Greenhut Jan 2025

Iron Age And Second Temple-Period Remains At Ras El-‘Amud, Jerusalem (With A Contribution By Tamar Winter) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–21*; English Summary, Pp. 139–140), Alla Nagorsky, Zvi Greenhut

'Atiqot

The excavation in the neighborhood of Ras el-‘Amud yielded meager architectural remains. In the western area of the excavation, a large building, with two construction phases, was exposed. It was dated by pottery to the Second Temple period (second century BCE–70 CE), and was probably destroyed during the Jewish War. The northern area of the site yielded the remains of two walls and a floor. The pottery and coins associated with these remains date to the Iron Age and the Second Temple period. It seems that the building was an isolated dwelling located outside the urban zone, in an area …

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An Ancient Wall Built To Prevent Erosion On The Bank Of Naḥal Sha‘Al In The Northern ‘Akko Plain (Hebrew, Pp. 93–99; English Summary, P. 92*), Nimrod Getzov, Hanaa Abu-‘Uqsa, Noam Greenbaum, Dina Vachtman, Moshe Inbar Jan 2025

An Ancient Wall Built To Prevent Erosion On The Bank Of Naḥal Sha‘Al In The Northern ‘Akko Plain (Hebrew, Pp. 93–99; English Summary, P. 92*), Nimrod Getzov, Hanaa Abu-‘Uqsa, Noam Greenbaum, Dina Vachtman, Moshe Inbar

'Atiqot

Excavations near the Naḥal Sha‘al streambed exposed a massive wall aligned in a roughly north–south direction. The eastern side of the wall is constructed of dressed stones cemented with lime mortar; the western side is irregular. At the base of the wall, a slope was constructed of lime mortar, reaching, at its thickest, up to one meter in width. Based on the scant pottery finds from the mortar fill between the stones, the construction appears to date from the Late Roman period. The wall would appear to have been constructed to prevent erosion of the bank at this particular place.

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Was Shiqmona Devastated By An Earthquake In The Seventh Century Ce? (Pp. 53*–55*), Eldad Barzilay Jan 2025

Was Shiqmona Devastated By An Earthquake In The Seventh Century Ce? (Pp. 53*–55*), Eldad Barzilay

'Atiqot

Excavations at Tel Shiqmona have revealed that the Byzantine city was demolished in an abrupt and violent event during the seventh century CE. During excavations carried out to the southeast of Tel Shiqmona, some wall deformations were observed. The nature of these deformations is described and evaluated in this paper.

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Remains Of The Mamluk And Ottoman Periods At Kafr Kanna (Pp. 57*–84*), Hervé Barbé, Anastasia Shapiro Jan 2025

Remains Of The Mamluk And Ottoman Periods At Kafr Kanna (Pp. 57*–84*), Hervé Barbé, Anastasia Shapiro

'Atiqot

Two separate areas (Areas 10 and 20) were excavated on Churches Street in Kafr Kanna. In Area 10, five phases were observed, ranging in date from the Mamluk (construction phase) through the Ottoman (destruction phase) periods. The pottery finds display a relatively homogeneous Mamluk-period corpus, including glazed and unglazed wares, which date between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries CE. The pottery finds and the stone objects (e.g., grinding and crushing tools) attest to domestic activities. In Area 20, remains of wall segments and floors were encountered. The dismantling of the floors, and the excavation of the intermediate fills, produced some …

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Roman And Byzantine Coins From The Excavation On The Eastern Fringes Of Tel Shiqmona (Pp. 41*–51*), Robert Kool Jan 2025

Roman And Byzantine Coins From The Excavation On The Eastern Fringes Of Tel Shiqmona (Pp. 41*–51*), Robert Kool

'Atiqot

A total of 194 coins were uncovered on the eastern fringes of Tel Shiqmona; 71 of them were identified. Except for one Seleucid-period coin, minted in Tyre during the second century BCE, all the coins belong to one continuous period beginning in the early fourth century and ending with the reign of the Byzantine emperor Maurice (582–602 CE).

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Marble Items From The Late Byzantine Buildings Along The Eastern Fringes Of Tel Shiqmona (Hebrew, Pp. 135–142; English Summary, P. 96*), Ira Barash Jan 2025

Marble Items From The Late Byzantine Buildings Along The Eastern Fringes Of Tel Shiqmona (Hebrew, Pp. 135–142; English Summary, P. 96*), Ira Barash

'Atiqot

Marble items found in the excavation at Tel Shiqmona include fragments of chancel screens, one of them decorated with the head of an animal—a ram or sheep; Corinthian capitals, characteristic of the fifth–sixth centuries CE; a column; carved items; and pavers and wall liners. Most of the marble items were found in a building that was probably a church, located in Area D/E.

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