Digital Commons Network^™

Human Factors In Visual Attention: Gender Differences In Engagement With Male-Oriented Ads, Mohamed Basel Almourad, Emad Bataineh, Zelal Wattar, Mohammed Hussain

All Works

In today's competitive market, it is increasingly important to understand how visual design shapes customer behaviour. This study examines the decision drivers influencing female customers' purchase choices when buying male-oriented products as gifts, identifying the visual components of advertisements that attract them by analysing the relationship between purchase intention and visual attention. Results show that participants with higher purchase intent focused more on product imagery and branding, indicating that visual appeal, perceived quality, and brand familiarity significantly guide their decisions, with brand awareness speeding up decision-making by reducing the need for repeated visual checks. Conversely, those with low purchase intent …

Exploring The Potential Of Renewable Energy For Sustainable Mobility: A Simulation- Based Study Of Hydrogen Vehicle Penetration In Oman’S Road Network, Siham Farrag, Tarek R. Sheltami, Fatma Outay, Ansar Ul Haque Yasar

All Works

Hydrogen fuel is gaining attention as a promising zero-emission energy source, aligning with global sustainability goals and supporting the transition to zero carbon emissions. This study examines the potential of using hydrogen as an alternative fuel for sustainable mobility in Muscat, Oman. We developed an integrated modelling framework that combines microscopic traffic simulation, energy demand modeling, refueling infrastructure station’ estimation, and well-to-wheel (WTW) emissions evaluation. A microscopic simulation software (SUMO) was applied to evaluate the penetration rate of hydrogen-powered vehicles (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%) with different hydrogen production pathways. Results indicate that with a 60% penetration of green hydrogen, total …

Smart Health Care Application For Predicting Complications Risk In Type 2 Diabetes Management Using Personalized Digital Twins: A Focus On Early Intervention And Prevention Strategies, Haifaa Alkaabi, Ahed Abugabah

All Works

The study examined the application of Personalized Digital Twins (PDTs) to prevent complications during the management of Type 2 Diabetes, especially in early intervention and prevention plans. Based on a high-quality dataset related to the CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data, we tested multiple predictive models such as the Random Forest, Gradient Boosting machines (GBM), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). We developed a composite risk indicator from established clinical risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, elevated BMI) to stratify complication risk. The Random Forest model achieved 99% accuracy (AUC: 0.98) at the population-level risk classification. The GBM model was optimized …

Modelling Route-Level Interzonal Travel Time Using Gps Trajectories, Muhammad Faiq Ahmed, Tom Bellemans, Fatma Outay, Muhammad Ahmed, Afzal Ahmed, Feng Liu, Muhammad Adnan

All Works

Activity-based models (ABMs) require accurate travel-time estimates for accessibility calculations, yet many implementations rely on static routing outputs that fail to capture temporal congestion dynamics due to limited high-resolution data. This paper develops route-level travel-speed prediction models using GPS trajectory data from 48 vehicles in Flanders, Belgium. GPS trajectories are integrated with OpenStreetMap and land-use data through destination-based segmentation, in which trips from fixed origins are cumulatively segmented at zone crossings. To capture behavioural differences by trip length, separate Gamma regression models are estimated for short (≤5 km) and long (>5 km) trips using temporal, network, and spatial variables. …

The Deepfake Litmus Test: A Multimedia Authenticity Mechanism, Amna Alzaabi, Hessa Alqubaisi, Fatima Alzaabi, Richard Ikuesan

All Works

Deepfake technologies have made it increasingly difficult to distinguish authentic video content from manipulated media. This paper presents a forensic detection framework, referred to as the Litmus Test, which focuses on structural analysis of MP4 container files to detect signs of tampering. Unlike conventional AI-based approaches that operate as black boxes, this method examines the atomic composition of video containers to identify anomalies. The proposed method performs atom-level inspection of MP4 file hierarchies and structural markers to uncover anomalies indicative of synthetic manipulation. Evaluations using datasets such as CelebDF, UADFV, and DeeperForensics reveal that the framework can identify inconsistencies common …

How Does Consumer Animosity Affect Consumer Behavior? The Case Of Filipino College Students As Consumers Amid The West Philippine Sea Conflict, Reynaldo Bautista Jr., Luz Suplico Jeong, Myla Arcinas

DLSU Business & Economics Review

There are consumers who participate in political consumerism by avoiding, rejecting, or condemning products and services from countries perceived as aggressors through their military or economic action. This study examines how Filipino college students in Metro Manila, Philippines, who are frequently exposed to social media, will be affected as consumers amid the current tension in the West Philippine Sea. Using the theories of social identity, uses and gratifications, and echo chamber as frameworks, 770 college students from private and public universities in Metro Manila were surveyed. The results show that consumer animosity strongly predicts both purchase intention (β = 0.591, …

Detection Of Financial And Political Fake News As A Measure To Prevent Instability In Financial Markets, Konstantyn Malyshenko

DLSU Business & Economics Review

This article explores the role of social networks as a catalyst for instability in financial markets. Its purpose is to present strategies for mitigating the media’s influence on adverse outcomes, primarily by analyzing the information cascades and related transactions in stock markets. The innovative aspect of this research lies in the development of methods for analyzing specific types of information, particularly media reports, to identify indicators of fake that distort public perception. The focus of this study is on fake news and the analysis of its potential linguistic features for identification purposes. A significant outcome of this research is the …

Cash Flow, Working Capital Management And Firm Performance - A Cross-Sectoral Study In An Emerging Market Context, Thuy Thanh Nguyen

DLSU Business & Economics Review

This study investigates the impact of operating cash flow and working capital management on firm performance, with a particular focus on how these relationships are moderated by industry characteristics in an emerging market context. Using a dataset of 1,480 firm-year observations from 185 Vietnamese enterprises between 2016 and 2023, the analysis employs panel data regression with feasible generalized least squares estimation. The results reveal that operating cash flow and accounts payable turnover positively influence return on assets, whereas accounts receivable turnover has a negative effect. Inventory turnover is not statistically significant. Notably, the magnitude and direction of these effects vary …

Exploring The Determinants Of Brain Drain: Evidence From A Cross-Country Panel From 2013 To 2021, Martha Joy J. Abing, Charlyn M. Capulong, Maria Rizalia Y. Teves, Resa Mae C. Laygan, Diane Mae P. Sangga, Junrie C. Vendra, Adama D. Villarico, Honey Mae E. Beruela

DLSU Business & Economics Review

This study investigates the factors influencing brain drain, the flight of human capital from their home country. The study examines the drivers of brain drain by looking into the effects of the following: global peace index, CO2 emissions per capita, real minimum wage, and happiness index and its individual indicators. Using pooled OLS on an unbalanced panel, the results reveal a statistically significant yet negative effect of the happiness index and the real minimum wage on brain

drain. This suggests that happy nations attract skilled professionals and emphasizes reduced skilled emigration in high- income countries. Results highlight the impact of …

Diffusion Of The Internet And Digital Divide In Post-Soviet Countries, Behrooz Asgari, Cosmos Amoah, Sudipa Majumdar

DLSU Business & Economics Review

This study explores the diffusion process of the internet in countries that were previously known as the U.S.S.R. and are currently divided into 15 countries. Utilizing the S-shaped logistic curves, this paper forecasts future trends in internet diffusion in these economies. Data varied in range, with each country having different time frames for similar variables. The logistic curves for each country determined the length of time of internet diffusion, maximum carrying capacity, and different stages of the diffusion process, namely, emerging, growth, maturity, and saturation. The results show that all countries have exceeded the emerging and growth phases, with 13 …

2026 Georgia Southern University Men's Soccer Roster, Georgia Southern University

Men's Soccer Records

No abstract provided.

2025-2026 Georgia Southern University Women's Basketball Roster, Georgia Southern University

Women's Basketball Records

No abstract provided.

2026 Georgia Southern University Women's Soccer Roster, Georgia Southern University

Women's Soccer Records

No abstract provided.

Privatising International (Organizations) Law, Melissa (M.J.) Durkee

Scholarship@WashULaw

This essay explores the increasing role of private commercial actors within international organizations (IOs) and the implications for international law. Once conceived as state-centred institutions, IOs now routinely involve corporations, trade associations, and philanthropic foundations in lawmaking, policy-setting, financing, and implementation. These actors participate through multiple channels: as observers, delegates, stakeholders, funders, and partners. While private involvement has historical precedents, its contemporary scale and formalization mark a significant transformation in global governance. International law, however, offers little guidance on the boundary between public and private authority, leaving legitimacy concerns unresolved. To evaluate privatization, the article identifies two competing logics: a …

Advanced Introduction To Family Law In The Us, Susan Frelich Appleton

Scholarship@WashULaw

This Elgar Advanced Introduction provides key insights into family law in the US. In the midst of consequential changes wrought by the US Supreme Court, this book traces the evolution of the field from its origins in the law of domestic relations to the more modern regime of family law.

Key features include:
● Integrates state law, federal law, legal scholarship, and literature from other disciplines.
● Identifies the regulation of sex and the policy of keeping dependency private as family law''s principal enduring features.
● Surveys different topics in family law including: marriage, nonmarriage, and dissolution; pregnancy; parentage; and …

Justifying The Fourth Amendment, Daniel Epps

Scholarship@WashULaw

Why does the Fourth Amendment belong in the Constitution? This question is not whether society should impose some legal restraints on government searches and seizures. Rather, why should such protections reside in our national charter, superior to other forms of law and insulated from change via ordinary majoritarian political processes? Despite major disputes about the Fourth Amendment’s content, Fourth Amendment theorists rarely ask this question. Almost all agree that the Fourth Amendment’s constitutional protections are critically important—even if no one can agree exactly what those protections are.

This Article seeks a justification for the Fourth Amendment—the reason why search-and-seizure protections …

Seeing International Organizations In A Shifting Landscape: Law, Practice, And Authority, Melissa (M.J.) Durkee

Scholarship@WashULaw

This book review symposium comes at a moment of visible strain in the postwar legal order. As of this writing, Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney has described a "rupture" in the rules-based world order, warning that multilateral institutions and the architecture of collective problem-solving are under threat. Notably, Carney issued that warning at the World Economic Forum in Davos, before an audience of "companies and countries." The setting underscores a broader shift in global governance, in which states, firms, and philanthropic actors increasingly occupy shared institutional spaces, unsettling assumptions about law and power at the international level. The books under …

Sustainability Assurance, Andrew F. Tuch, Luca Enriques, Alessandro Romano

Scholarship@WashULaw

A robust literature examines sustainability disclosures by public corporations, but legal scholarship has largely overlooked the role of third-party assurance—or verification—of such disclosures. This is a notable omission given the extensive literature on the auditing of financial statements, a related form of assurance.

This article responds by examining the role of assurance in sustainability reporting. In keeping with the theme of this symposium volume, it draws on US and EU law. Our discussion begins in Part I with sustainability disclosures, focusing on the requirements and practices of public companies. In Part II, we introduce sustainability assurance as well as assurance …

Tariffs And The Taxing Power: Historical Lessons For Major Questions And Nondelegation, Conor Clarke, Ari Glogower

Scholarship@WashULaw

American law is grappling with basic questions about the President’s power to impose tariffs—questions concerning whether Congress can delegate this authority, and the degree to which it has. But the ongoing tariff controversy emerges against a backdrop of conflicting and shifting historical practice. Early Congresses drafted tariff statutes in painstaking detail, while some of the broadest delegations in the early Republic involved internal taxes. In the modern era, by contrast, Congress has delegated more expansive tariff powers to the President, while retaining closer control over internal taxes. How should we understand this seemingly conflicting history of practice, and its relevance …

Foreword: The Constitution And Public Finance—Why Now And Why Ever?, Conor Clarke, Eric Kubo

Scholarship@WashULaw

This paper introduces the Washington University Law Review’s 2026 symposium issue on “Taxing, Spending, and the Constitution.” We situate the symposium’s ten papers within three interconnected developments in public finance law: the Supreme Court’s recent decision on the Sixteenth Amendment in Moore v. United States; the Trump Administration’s assertions of executive control over appropriated funds; and the use of emergency and trade statutes to justify sweeping tariff authority.

We also step back to ask why constitutional issues in public finance—long treated as a technical backwater—have become such a central site of doctrinal and political conflict. We offer several explanations beyond …

Tariffs And The Progressive Fiscal Constitution, Lawrence J. Liu, Alex Zhang

Scholarship@WashULaw

For more than a century, progressive taxation has constituted the American fiscal state. A resurgent and expanding tariff regime, however, threatens that commitment to progressive distribution. Given the ongoing popularity of tariffs, this Article examines how they might be designed and administered in a way that mitigates their regressive distributive impact. The Article thus develops and assesses proposals to (1) vary tariff burdens in accordance with the consumption of imported goods, (2) reduce income- or payroll-tax burdens on lower-income households, and (3) earmark tariff revenue for specified spending programs. Although none is perfect, we seek to articulate possibilities and highlight …

Chapter 2: Rhombus Textile Motifs And Patterns And Their Significance In Mesoamerica, Billie J. A. Follensbee, Lois Martin

Precious Pattern: The Dotted-Diamond Motif in Indigenous American Textiles, Explorations in Mesoamerica, the American Southwest, and the Andes

Presents the rhombus textile motifs and patterns in Mesoamerica and their significance.

Chapter 6: Snakeskin And Corn Markings: The Dotted-Diamond-Grid Pattern In The U.S. Southwest, Laurie D. Webster, Kelley A. Hays-Gilpin

Precious Pattern: The Dotted-Diamond Motif in Indigenous American Textiles, Explorations in Mesoamerica, the American Southwest, and the Andes

Discusses Southwestern tie-dye and its Mesoamerican and Andean connections.

Data Rights For Workers, Pauline Kim, Rachel Leavitt

Scholarship@WashULaw

Workers are subject to immense amounts of data collection on the job, and the algorithmic management tools built with that data can produce negative effects, including deskilling jobs, unstable work hours, reduced wages, and dangerous and degrading working conditions. Workers thus have significant interests how their data are collected and used, and yet they have been excluded from nearly all the recently enacted or proposed data protection laws. Their exclusion stems from data protection’s roots in privacy law and theory, which primarily focused on consumers as data subjects. Current data protection laws, even if expanded to cover workers, would provide …

Apportioned Direct Taxes, Conor Clarke, Ari Glogower

Scholarship@WashULaw

The Constitution requires that Congress apportion any “direct” tax among the states by population. This once-dormant provision is now the most important constitutional limitation on Congress’s taxing power. Last year, in Moore v. United States, the Supreme Court seriously considered, for the first time in decades, whether to invalidate an Act of Congress as an unapportioned direct tax. While the law survived, Moore has opened a new era in which scholars and policymakers must again take apportionment seriously. Yet the apportionment requirement remains poorly understood.

This Article provides a new perspective on apportionment by examining how Congress and Treasury …

Space Enterprises As International Lawmakers: Nudges, Pledges, And Other Bottom-Up Modalities, Melissa (M.J.) Durkee

Scholarship@WashULaw

Private entities are influencing the development of international space law. Space enterprises need regulatory certainty and consistent standards to attract capital and develop their plans for space. Yet, states have lagged in their capacity to make multilateral international space law in traditional public fora. Private entities have responded to this legal lag by attempting to create, develop, and nudge international space law in commerce-friendly ways. This chapter surveys a variety of modalities by which commercial actors can affect the development of international law, offers several examples of how commercial lawmaking efforts

How International Organizations Regulate Lobbyist Access, Melissa (M.J.) Durkee

Scholarship@WashULaw

This chapter explores how international organizations (IOs) regulate lobbyist access through participation frameworks rather than traditional lobbying laws. While no unified international lobbying regime exists, IOs use rules on NGO 'consultation' and 'engagement' to structure access. These rules, rooted in historical practices like the UN's Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) accreditation system, prioritize representativeness and legitimacy over transparency and accountability. As lobbying increasingly targets international forums, concerns about undue influence (the 'lobbying critique') and insufficient stakeholder inclusion (the 'access critique') have driven divergent reforms: some IOs, like the World Health Organization, have adopted stricter controls; others, such as the GAVI …

Taking Legality Seriously: What The Major Questions Doctrine Is — And Isn't, Andrea Scoseria Katz, Ofra Bloch

Scholarship@WashULaw

The Major Questions Doctrine (MQD), a controversial recent innovation of the Roberts Court that applies stricter scrutiny to “major” actions taken by federal agencies, has faced criticism for being atextual, unprincipled, and nakedly ideological. But this critique misses the fact that the doctrine has near-exact analogues in many other legal systems, where it is an established tool for reining in executive overreach. This Article argues that, while the MQD reflects valid rule-of-law concerns, as applied, it lacks theoretical clarity, consistency and limits. More importantly, the Court itself lacks a theory of what the MQD is. We provide an answer grounded …

A Narrative Review Of The Central Neural Control Of Swallowing And Its Implications For Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Kuo-Chang Wei, Tyng-Guey Wang, Ming-Yen Hsiao

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Swallowing is controlled by a distributed neural network spanning the brainstem central pattern generator, subcortical modulatory circuits, and cortical regions responsible for volitional planning and sensorimotor integration. Evidence from lesion studies, neuroimaging, and neurophysiology demonstrates that dysphagia arises from disruptions at different nodes of this network, producing lesion-specific impairment profiles rather than a uniform swallowing deficit. This network-based perspective has shifted rehabilitation from predominantly compensatory management toward mechanism-driven interventions aimed at restoring physiological function. Behavioral skill-training and resistance-based exercises harness motor learning and cortical plasticity, whereas neuromodulatory approaches—including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), pharyngeal electrical …

Connectivity And Selective Rural Migration, Lin Ma, Yuan Mei, Qunfeng Wu, Mingzhi Xu

Research Collection School Of Economics

We study how infrastructure shapes rural development using household panel data from a nationally representative sample of Chinese villages, matched to high-resolution highway maps. Reduced-form results show that road expansion between 2000 and 2015 operates mainly through reallocation, with less productive farmers scaling down or exiting and more productive farmers remaining and expanding. We quantify the aggregate and distributional consequences in a dynamic spatial equilibrium model with heterogeneous households and endogenous migration. Improved connectivity not only accelerates urbanization, roughly doubling the speed of convergence, but also increases aggregate rural output by 2.2 to 5.3 percent in the long run, even …