Digital Commons Network^™

Induced Membrane Reconstruction Of A 6-Cm Ulnar Defect With Concurrent Revision Bone Grafting Of Radial Nonunion Following Gustilo-Anderson Type Iiib Open Forearm Fracture: A Case Report., John N Manfredi, Abdullah B Chandasir, Mitchell Lomis, Brent Prenger, Humzah Ali, Kyra Urquhart-Foster, Caleb J Bischoff, Abrar Adil Ansari

Surgery Articles

The induced membrane technique (IMT) is a two-stage reconstructive procedure for critical-sized bone defects. We report a 31-year-old male who sustained a Gustilo-Anderson grade IIIB open fracture of the radius and ulna following a high-energy dirt bike injury, complicated by Serratia marcescens fracture-related infection and septic nonunion. Intraoperative debridement at Stage 1 revealed a 6-cm defect of the ulna, which was managed with an antibiotic-impregnated polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) spacer. A concomitant radial nonunion, identified on postdebridement CT, was addressed at Stage 2 with concurrent revision open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and autogenous femoral bone grafting. Culture-directed oral antibiotic therapy was …

Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty For A Displaced Femoral Neck Fracture In An Above-The-Knee Amputee: A Case Report., Nathaniel J Starcher, Jignesh Patel, Andrew R Golden, Cameron A Kirk

Surgery Articles

Introduction: Femoral neck fractures in patients with ipsilateral above-knee amputations are uncommon and present unique diagnostic, biomechanical, and surgical challenges. The absence of a distal limb limits fracture reduction, intraoperative manipulation, and implant positioning, making standard treatment techniques difficult to perform. Although several fixation and arthroplasty strategies have been described for lower-extremity amputees, reports detailing primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) for displaced femoral neck fractures in young above-knee amputees remain scarce. This case highlights a practical surgical technique utilizing a temporary Steinmann pin as a lever arm to facilitate femoral control during arthroplasty and contributes to the limited orthopedic literature …

Professional Development For Out-Of-School-Time Educators: A Design Case, Marc T. Sager, Karen Pierce

Publications

This design case describes our team’s development of Learning, Educating, and Developing Out-of-School Teaching (LEAD OST), an online professional development program addressing the training gap experienced by out-of-school-time (OST) educators. Drawing on sociocultural learning, informal learning, and experiential learning theories, we designed a fully asynchronous, modular program intended to provide practice-integrated professional development suited to the scheduling constraints, geographic dispersion, and resource limitations common in OST settings. In this case, we describe how we integrated these three theoretical frameworks into specific design decisions, module structures, and assessment strategies, and how the constraints we worked within- a limited-hours format, a fixed …

Consulting 101: Evaluating A Strategic Leadership Intervention To Strengthen Early-Career Engagement And Affective Commitmentabstract, Raymond A. Lloyd

Doctor of Strategic Leadership (DSL) Capstone Abstracts

Project Type Applied Leadership Development Intervention and Program Evaluation Project Overview This capstone project designed, implemented, and evaluated Consulting 101 for Early Career Professionals, a leadership development workshop addressing factors associated with affective organizational commitment. Conducted within a multidisciplinary engineering consulting firm, the intervention focused on career growth visibility, strengths awareness, role clarity, self-efficacy, and perceived organizational support. Eleven early-career professionals participated in a one-day workshop in September 2026. A descriptive program evaluation incorporated pre-workshop assessments, immediate post-workshop surveys, facilitator observations, and a three-week follow-up assessment. Post-workshop ratings were favorable across all five developmental constructs, with perceived organizational support receiving …

The Mash Resolution Index For Non-Invasive Detection And Monitoring Of Mash Resolution: A Systematic Review And Pooled Analysis, Rahul Falodia, Ehsanullah Alokozay, Muhammad Junaid Azhar, Farhan Murtaza, Abdullah Imtiaz, Hamza Farooq Khan, Muhammad Ahmad Imran, Miriam Michael, Bacel Nseir, Wehbi Hanayni, Anand Deonarine

Conference Presentation Abstracts

Background: The MASH Resolution Index (MASHResInd) is a novel non-invasive score comprising baseline MRI-proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF), percentage change in MRI-PDFF, baseline alanine aminotransferase (ALT), change in ALT, and baseline aspartate aminotransferase (AST), developed to detect histological resolution of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) without worsening fibrosis. Despite its development in 2024, no synthesis of its diagnostic performance, comparative accuracy, and responsiveness to intervention exists. This systematic review and pooled analysis aimed to comprehensively evaluate the evidence for MASHResInd across pharmacological and non-pharmacological intervention settings. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases was conducted through May 2026 …

Formed Together: A Value-Based Model Of Mutual Spiritual Formation For Pentecostal Pastors And Churches Under 500, W. T.A. Mcmillan

Doctor of Ministry (DMin)

“Pay careful attention to yourselves and to all the flock” (Acts 20:28) is both a warning and an invitation. It insists that the pastor's inner life and the congregation's shared life cannot be pulled apart without doing damage to both. This dissertation grows out of that conviction and out of years of pastoral ministry in Pentecostal churches where the pressure to perform often overwhelms the slow work of being formed. It asks a simple but searching question: How do Assemblies of God pastors serving congregations under 500 in attendance understand the connection between their own spiritual health and the spiritual …

Sanctified Rhythms Of Rest: Reclaiming Sabbath And Spiritual Retreat For Pastoral Renewal And Burnout Mitigation In The Georgia Assemblies Of God, Philip Sosebee

Doctor of Ministry (DMin)

“Sanctified Rhythms of Rest: Reclaiming Sabbath and Spiritual Retreat for Pastoral Renewal and Burnout Mitigation in the Georgia Assemblies of God” explored how intentional rhythms of Sabbath observance, solitude and silence, and spiritual retreat shaped the lived experiences of credentialed ministers within the Georgia District of the Assemblies of God. Pastoral burnout, emotional exhaustion, and unsustainable ministry expectations continue to affect ministers across denominational contexts, raising questions regarding the role of biblically grounded rhythms of rest in fostering pastoral renewal and sustainability. Using a six-month longitudinal hermeneutic phenomenological design, twenty-nine credentialed ministers participated in the intentional practice of weekly Sabbath …

The Quest For Sacred Truth In A Secular Society What Is Fueling Gen Z’S Return To Faith And Church Attendance In America?, William W. Dornbush

Doctor of Ministry (DMin)

This dissertation investigated the Critical Research Question: What are the key external factors influencing Generation Z’s internal quest for spiritual renewal? The study examined biblical, historical, and contemporary revival movements, including the Exodus, Pentecost, the Great Awakenings, the Jesus Movement, Charismatic Renewal, Brownsville, Toronto, and Asbury, to identify recurring patterns linking external pressures to spiritual awakening. Using a qualitative design, the study conducted semi-structured interviews with twelve Generation Z participants who experienced spiritual searching, renewal, or a deepened faith between 2020 and 2025, exploring how contemporary external pressures influence spiritual openness and transformation. The findings revealed six major themes: (1) …

Toward A Pedagogy Of Descent: A Framework For Contemplative Pastoring In The First Half Of Life, Matthew Roberti

Doctor of Ministry (DMin)

Western Evangelical pastoral culture often prizes vitality, growth, and platform, but pays little theological attention to the pastor's inner life, especially in the first half of ministerial life, when identity and calling are still taking shape. Many young pastors find themselves functioning less as shepherds of souls than as managers of metrics and institutional momentum, roles shaped more by American business logic than by the church's historic practices of pastoral care. In this quiet shift, something sacred has thinned, leaving pastors prone to anxious utility and vocational idolatry. This dissertation explores what has been diminished within the inner life of …

Clinical Decision Support For Fall Prevention In Primary Care: The Esteps Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial, Nancy K Latham, Erin Hommel, Mackenzie Kiesman, Stuart R Lipsitz, David W Bates, Diane L Carroll, Alexandra C Frost, Pamela M Garabedian, Julia V Loewenthal, Michael Sainlaire, Lipika Samal, Wenyu Song, Matthew Wien, Patricia C Dykes

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Importance: Falls are a leading cause of injury among older adults. Although exercise reduces fall risk, implementation in primary care remains limited.

Objective: To assess whether an electronic health record-integrated clinical decision support intervention, Electronic Strategies for Tailored Exercise to Prevent Falls (eSTEPS), reduces falls among older primary care patients at increased risk.

Design, setting, and participants: This matched-pair cluster randomized clinical trial was conducted from June 9, 2023, to May 8, 2025, with 12 to 23 months of follow-up at primary care practices within an integrated health system in the US. Adults aged 65 years or older with a …

Developing A Pitch-Catch System For Investigating Acoustic Wave Propagation In Granular Media, Valentina A. Ochoa Flores

Science University Research Symposium (SURS)

Acoustic wave propagation through granular materials such as sand is influenced by moisture content, porosity, and interactions between particles. This project focuses on the development and validation of a custom ultrasonic pitch-catch system to investigate how moisture content affects wave speed and attenuation in sand. We assembled the system by integrating two 200 kHz ultrasonic transducers in a pitch–catch configuration, with a function generator and an oscilloscope to measure acoustic signals. The function generator drives the transmitting transducer with sinusoidal bursts to send ultrasonic waves through the sample, while the oscilloscope is used to measure the transmitted and received signal …

Quantifying Salicylic Acid In Commercial Facial Cleansers Using Titratable Acidity Analysis, Nia Walker

Science University Research Symposium (SURS)

Salicylic acid is a commonly found chemical ingredient in skincare products, particularly products that are formulated to treat common skin issues like acne and clogged pores. Though commercial skincare products may advertise certain concentrations of a chemical ingredient, the consistency and accuracy of these concentrations are important considerations for consumers around the world. This research works to investigate the application of weak acid-strong base titrations as a general analytical technique in examining and determining the acidity of commercial facial cleansers that contain salicylic acid.

The main objective in this research is to analyze the titratable acidity of selected commercial facial …

Students Still Feel Inflation At The Pump, Asher Fox-Dunsker

Lindenlink (2012- )

No abstract provided.

The Vegetated-Canopy Roughness Sublayer Through A Tke-Budget Lens, Giulia Salmaso, Raul Bayoan Cal, Marc Calaf

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

It is well understood that vegetated canopies perturb the atmospheric flow within and immediately above the canopy, deviating from the inertial sublayer (ISL) regime characteristic of non-vegetated rough surfaces. Only above a certain height, denoted as the roughness sublayer height (RSL, 𝑧∗), do these flows return to ISL-like behavior. This distinction is critical, as parameterizations in Earth System Models (ESMs) are typically developed for ISL flows. Yet, most 𝑧∗ estimates stem from studies over flat, homogeneous canopies and may be biased. In contrast, little is known about 𝑧∗ in non-homogeneous or heterogeneous canopies that are not of agricultural interest, with …

2026 Quality Of Life Survey - Orleans And Jefferson Parishes, Edward Chervenak, Anthony Licciardi

Survey Research Center Publications

The LSU New Orleans Survey Research Center (SRC) conducted a live-interviewer telephone survey of active registered voters in Orleans Parish and Jefferson Parish. Four hundred randomly selected respondents from each parish were interviewed from September 12th through September 30th. Each parish survey yields a margin of error of +/- 4.9% at a 95% confidence level.

These surveys are designed to provide an ongoing picture of how voters view local government services and the general quality of life. They highlight the problems that are of greatest concern to the voters, as well as areas of satisfaction in their parish. The forty-year …

Spell: A Scalable Nlp Method Using Regular Expressions And Large Language Models For Clinical Information Extraction, Kathryn J Gray, Vesela P Kovacheva

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background and objectives: Electronic health records (EHRs) contain valuable information for research and decision-making, but much resides in unstructured notes that are challenging to analyze at scale. We developed SPELL (Snippet-Primed rEgex LLM Pipeline), a scalable natural language processing workflow that combines regular-expression-based snippet retrieval with locally hosted large language model (LLM) inference to extract structured variables from large collections of clinical narratives.

Methods: SPELL uses task-specific regular expressions to retrieve short context windows ("snippets") from unstructured texts and applies task-prompted LLM inference on snippets rather than full documents. All processing occurs within institutional computing environments. Accuracy was evaluated on …

Social Responsiveness As A Mediator In Adapted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Autistic Youth With Maladaptive And Interfering Anxiety, Karen S Wood, Philip C Kendall

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Numerous adaptations to interventions have been included in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for autistic youth. This study examines the degree to which CBT adapted to the social needs of autistic youth confers significant benefit by promoting social responsiveness. A secondary analysis was conducted on a multisite randomized clinical trial (Wood et al. in JAMA Psychiatry 77:474-483, 2020) comparing adapted CBT with standard-of-practice CBT and treatment-as-usual (TA). Autistic youth (N = 167; aged 7-13) with maladaptive and interfering anxiety participated. The adapted CBT (BIACA) uses a modular format, with an emphasis on supplementing common CBT practice elements (reframing and graded exposure) …

Peroxiredoxin-6 Protects Against Oxidative Stress-Mediated Hypertrophic Remodeling In Jph2-A399s Knock-In Mice., Callum J Quinn, Satadru K Lahiri, Ann P Quick, Sören Brandenburg, Dennis Uhlenkamp, Antrix Jain, Lucia M Moreira, Sun Y Jung, Svetlana Reilly, Rana Sayeed, George Krasopoulos, Stephan E Lehnart, Xander H T Wehrens

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Most mutations causing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) affect sarcomeric proteins. Mutations in junctophilin-2 (JPH2) are also implicated, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. An A405S variant in JPH2 was identified in a male adolescent patient with interventricular septal (IVS) hypertrophy. The corresponding mouse variant (A399S) produces comparable IVS hypertrophy, establishing causality. Prior data indicated that altered intracellular Ca2+ handling is unlikely to be the primary driver.

Methods: We generated a CRISPR knock-in mouse model carrying the JPH2-A399S variant. Co-immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry and STED nanoscopy were used to identify JPH2 binding partners. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed with dihydroethidium in …

The Clinical Significance Of Streptococcus Mitis Bacteremia, James H Acuff, Erin H Yang, Ananth Panchamukhi, Kenneth L Muldrew, Robert L Atmar, Daniel M Musher

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Except for their role in bacterial endocarditis, nonpneumococcal Streptococcus mitis group (SMG) bacteria have traditionally been regarded as commensals of the oropharynx. Widespread adoption of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry has increased identification of these organisms and has led to increased concern about their clinical significance. We evaluated SMG bacteremia in a large multicenter cohort to characterize associated clinical syndromes and better define their clinical relevance.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all adult patients from 2017 to 2025 who had SMG bacteremia at 3 hospitals within the Texas Medical Center. SMG bacteremia was defined as …

Tertiary Lymphoid Structures In Lupus Nephritis Are Associated With Aging And Chronic Kidney Injury, Naoya Toriu, Yuichiro Kitai, Keita P Mori, Takahisa Yoshikawa, Shinya Yamamoto, Naoki Sawa, Yoshifumi Ubara, Motoko Yanagita

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Simon Says Vs Siri Says: Impact Of Human Versus Ai Narrating On Memory, Ellie R. Range, Josie A. Ekle, Beth M. Johns

Science University Research Symposium (SURS)

Due to its increasing relevance, recent research has explored the impacts of artificial intelligence (AI) audio and its impact on cognition, emotion, and processing. Studies done previously have indicated varying results of the impact of AI voices on memory and human preference in the media. EEG studies found structural processing differences, and behavioral research indicated varying results surrounding memory recall. The goal of this study is to explore the impact of AI voices on an individual's memory recall in comparison to a human voice. Participants (N=36 Belmont Students) were randomly assigned a condition (positive or negative). They were asked to …

Cadherin-11 Regulation Of Type Ii Alveolar Epithelial Cells During Pulmonary Fibrosis, Mesias Pedroza, Sarah To, Jennifer Smith, Tingting W Mills, Thandiwe Chavula, Harry Karmouty-Quintana, Sandeep K Agarwal

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Type II alveolar epithelial cell (AT2) injury has been hypothesized to contribute to pulmonary fibrosis. Cadherin-11 (CDH11) is a mediator of fibrosis and is upregulated on AT2s during lung fibrosis. Herein, the regulation of AT2 by CDH11 during pulmonary fibrosis was investigated. CDH11 levels were increased in lung samples from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis compared with those from healthy controls. CDH11 expression was inversely correlated with lung function. Cdh11-deficient mice were compared with wild-type mice in the intraperitoneal bleomycin model (IP BLM), and the role of AT2 was investigated using Cdh11 floxed-SPC-Cre mice and in vitro techniques. In …

A Spatial Atlas Of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Reveals Lineage-Specific Vulnerabilities And Immune Architecture, Sajith Nair, Emanuele Crupi, Elshad Hasanov, Ying Mei, Xueshuai Han, Yang Liu, Yunhe Liu, Guangsheng Pei, Fuduan Peng, Jianlong Liao, Enyu Dai, Tian Chu, Kyung Serk Cho, Jiahui Jiang, Xinmiao Yan, Yibo Dai, Jun Wang, Baifeng Zhang, Giannicola Genovese, Nagireddy Putluri, Livia Eberlin, Liuqing Yang, Chunru Lin, Lawrence N Kwong, Diana Shamsutdinova, Khalida M Wani, Bogdan A Czerniak, Wendong Yu, Jianping Zhao, Charles C Guo, Donna Hansel, Curtis Pettaway, Louis Pisters, Kelly Bree, Neema Navai, Byron H Lee, Ashish M Kamat, Padmanee Sharma, Paul Corn, Cindy Y Jiang, Amishi Y Shah, Omar Alhalabi, Pavlos Msaouel, Arlene O Siefker-Radtke, Christopher J Logothetis, Matthew T Campbell, Alexander J Lazar, Jianjun Gao, Linghua Wang

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is clinically heterogeneous, and current molecular subtyping does not capture the spatial organization of tumor states and microenvironmental context. In this study, we construct a spatial atlas of MIBC by integrating spatial transcriptomics from 22 tumors with matched bulk RNA and whole-exome sequencing data. We identify a continuous, spatially organized luminal-to-basal axis within individual tumors that is associated with greater chromosomal instability and transcriptional plasticity. Luminal tumor cores are enriched for FGFR3 and NECTIN4, whereas basal-like states localize toward invasive margins and are associated with elevated EGFR signaling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, genomic instability, immune infiltration, and greater …

Helmholtz And Quarter-Wavelength Resonators As Building Blocks For A Large-Scale Acoustic Metamaterial Analog, Caleb Tolbert

Science University Research Symposium (SURS)

Abstract: Resonance underlies many acoustic phenomena and provides a means of controlling sound transmission. This study examines the response of classic Helmholtz resonators (CHRs) and quarter-wavelength resonators (QWRs) through lab experiments using white noise and frequency sweeps. Measured resonant frequencies were compared with theoretical predictions based on the resonator’s geometry and the speed of sound in air. Measured resonant frequencies differed from predicted values by no more than 5% across all trials. However, differences in response amplitude were observed among the resonators.

These results establish a foundation for investigating arrays of resonators, a configuration relevant to locally resonant acoustic metamaterials. …

Dynamics Of Coral Rubble On Reef Flats: From Individual Clast Mobilisation To Rubble Strip Morphological Change, Aitana Gea-Neuhaus, Tim Scott, Gerd Masselink, Ana Vila-Concejo, Paul S. Kench, Mathilde Lindhart, Floortje E. Roelvink, Tom Hamilton, Ke Lin, Xianfeng Wang

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Rubble strips are shore-normal, elongated deposits on coral reef flats, composed of variably sized and shaped mobile coral clasts, which can contribute to the sediment supply on exposed low-lying coral reef islands. As climate change-driven ecological and physical disturbances increasingly impact coral reef systems and associated landforms, understanding the processes and controls governing their morphodynamics is critical. At an exposed intertidal rubble strip in Huvadhu Atoll, we examined: i) the morpho-sedimentological characteristics; ii) short-term (days-weeks) clast mobility using tracer experiments with in situ current and wave measurements; iii) intra-annual morphological changes using repeated UAV photogrammetric surveys; and iv) deposit age …

Wooster Magazine: Fall 2026, Caitlin Stanowick, The College Of Wooster

Wooster Magazine: 2021-2030

The fall 2026 issue of Wooster magazine explores how experiences beyond the classroom help students connect their interests with meaningful vocations after graduation. Features examine original scientific research through nationally recognized programs, internships and consulting experiences that connect students with opportunities in health care, musical theatre, and community organizations, and faculty-led TREKs exploring globalization, culture, and career opportunities in Japan and climate justice in Fiji and Tuvalu. The issue also shares how a connection between Nobel laureate Arthur Compton, Class of 1913, and Victor Andrew, Class of 1926, inspired a generous gift from the Andrew family supporting the renovation of …

Nlgn3 Autism Variants Have Distinct Functional Impact On Synapses And Sleep Behavior In Drosophila, Sharayu V Jangam, Shabab B Hannan, Oguz Kanca, Paul C Marcogliese, Shinya Yamamoto, Michael F Wangler

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Neuroligin-3 (NLGN3) was first identified as a X-linked risk gene associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Most reported variants are identified in males who inherited their variants from an unaffected mother, but de novo variants have also been identified in both affected heterozygous females and hemizygous males. The p.R451C variant was the initial variant associating NLGN3 with ASD and has been heavily investigated, yet little is known about the functional consequences of other NLGN3 variants. To determine the functional consequences of other NLGN3 variants in vivo, we generated transgenic Drosophila models corresponding to a de novo variant (p.R175W) identified in …

Dei Impact: A Radically Simplified Approach For Organizations, Tessa L. Dover, Claudia Toma, Fransika Krings

Psychology Faculty Publications and Presentations

This chapter introduces a radically simplified approach to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) practice in organizations. DEI Impact is defined as an equitable reduction in disparities between employees from advantaged and disadvantaged groups. We argue that organizations should pursue DEI Impact as the primary—or even sole—goal of their DEI practice. We outline four steps to achieving DEI Impact: (1) Identifying the disparity, (2) Operationalizing DEI Impact, (3) Implementing policies/practices aimed at the disparity, and (4) Measuring impact and adjusting. This iterative design process is flexible to the specific needs of a given organization in a given cultural/political context. Importantly, it …

Cytogenetic And Molecular Findings In Hydrops-Related Mirror Syndrome, Brian A Burnett, Christian M Parobek, Jessian L Munoz, Lauren E Westerfield, Kristi Poling, Cara Buskmiller, Amir A Shamshirsaz, Roopali V Donepudi, Ignatia B Van Den Veyver, Magdalena Sanz Cortes, Michael A Belfort, Ahmed A Nassr

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objective: Mirror syndrome is a rare, life-threatening condition in which maternal fluid overload mirrors fetal hydrops. Data on genetic findings in affected pregnancies are limited. We compared genetic diagnoses in hydrops cases with and without mirror syndrome.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study (2012-2023) of pregnancies with non-immune hydrops at a single fetal center. Clinical data along with prenatal and postnatal genetic testing results were analyzed. Mirror syndrome was defined as fetal hydrops with new or worsening hypertension and significant maternal edema. Genetic testing rates and diagnostic yields were compared between the groups.

Results: Of the 192 cases, 140 …

When Going Alone Feels Right: The Effect Of Solo Cues On Interest In Attending Cultural Events, Inyoung Lee, Sang-Hoon Kim

Asia Marketing Journal

With the rise of solo consumers, cultural event marketers face a challenge: how can events appeal to solo consumers without marginalizing group consumers? To address this question, the impact of solo cues in marketing communication is examined through the lens of role and script theory. Two experiments demonstrate that solo cues, which signal the inclusion of solo consumers among attendees, increase solo consumers' attendance interest but do not affect group consumers. For solo consumers, the impact of solo cues is driven by anticipated enjoyment and is particularly pronounced for events entailing a high (vs. low) level of social interaction, where …