Digital Commons Network^™

System And Method For Detecting Subsurface Voids Using Controlled Heat Addition, Chase Nilsson

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

This study evaluates controlled heat addition in a confined space to estimate enclosed volumes for irregularly shaped spaces. The intent is to detect hidden voids in cave environments. Conventional methods for identifying such voids are often costly, logistically difficult, and limited in accuracy. Preliminary experiments were conducted with a controlled heat source, a temporary thermal barrier to isolate the test chamber, and simple temperature sensors. Temperatures were recorded for the pre-test baseline, the heating interval, followed by a cooling period. The thermal response showed clear engineering trends that warrant further exploration and modeling. Preliminary results indicate that transient temperature changes …

A Cyber-Physical Flight Simulation Platform For Real-Time Visualization Of Aircraft Dynamics And Sensor-Based Control, Gabriel Martinez, Michael Poinsett

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

Understanding aircraft dynamics through traditional simulations can be limiting, as results are often confined to screen-based visualization. This project aims to enhance learning and experimentation by creating a system where aircraft motion can be both simulated and physically observed in real time. The primary objective is to develop a cyber-physical flight simulation platform that links mathematical models with physical hardware. The system is designed to (1) represent aircraft dynamic behavior through real-time motion and (2) provide a foundation for integrating sensors and control strategies for responsive flight behavior. The platform combines aircraft dynamic models with a hardware interface capable of …

Experimental Cyber-Physical Platform For Aircraft Dynamic Response Across Subsonic To Hypersonic Regimes, Michael Poinsett, Gabriel Martinez

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

Understanding how aircraft behavior changes across different flight regimes is essential for modern aerospace design, yet it is often limited to theoretical or purely computational analysis. This project aims to provide an experimental approach to visualize and study these dynamic changes in a more intuitive and practical way. The primary objective is to develop an experimental cyber-physical platform capable of representing aircraft dynamic response across a wide range of flight conditions, from subsonic to hypersonic regimes. The system is designed to (1) analyze how key dynamic parameters vary with changing conditions and (2) provide a physical representation of these effects …

Project Adam: Hybrid Microturbine Power & Propulsion System, Owen Maute, Daniil Em, Zayne Sotolongo, Audrey Luu, Austin Bruce, Tal Senderovitz

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

This work presents a hybrid microturbine power and propulsion system designed to address the limitations of conventional battery-powered unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), particularly in high-speed and high-endurance applications. Current UAV platforms are constrained by the relatively low energy density of lithium-based batteries (1 MJ/kg) compared to hydrocarbon fuels such as jet fuel (43 MJ/kg), limiting their ability to achieve both long range and high velocity simultaneously. This project explores a compact, integrated system that leverages a microturbine to provide both thrust and onboard electrical power using commercially available components. The proposed system couples a COTS microturbine with a high-speed electric …

Radaround: A Field-Expedient Direction Finder For Contested Iot Sensing & Em Situational Awareness, Owen Maute, Blake Roberts

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

This paper presents RadAround, a passive 2-D direction-finding system designed for adversarial IoT sensing in contested environments. Using mechanically steered narrowbeam antennas and field-deployable SCADA software, it generates high-resolution electromagnetic (EM) heatmaps using low-cost COTS or 3D-printed components. The microcontroller-deployable SCADA coordinates antenna positioning and SDR sampling in real time for resilient, on-site operation. Its modular design enables rapid adaptation for applications such as EMC testing in disaster-response deployments, battlefield spectrum monitoring, electronic intrusion detection, and tactical EM situational awareness (EMSA). Experiments show RadAround detecting computing machinery through walls, assessing utilization, and pinpointing EM interference (EMI) leakage sources from Faraday …

Applying The Hfacs Framework: A Case Study Of Air Florida Flight 90, Ashley Perez-Galvan, Cenk Altinkum, Ryan Hunt

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

Applying the HFACS Framework: A Case Study of Air Florida Flight 90 Abstract   This study applies the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS), a widely used safety framework for identifying human and organizational contributors to accidents to examine the crash of Air Florida Flight 90 crash on January 13, 1982. The accident occurred shortly after takeoff from Washington National Airport during severe winter weather, when the aircraft failed to gain sufficient lift and impacted a bridge before entering the Potomac River.   The goal this analysis is to understand how multiple layers of human and organizational factors contributed to this …

The Impact Of Environmental Contributing Factors In Spatial Disorientation And Non-Spatial Disorientation Related General Aviation Accidents, Victoria Cornaro, Molly Mersinger

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

The Impact of Environmental Contributing Factors in Spatial Disorientation and Non-Spatial Disorientation Related General Aviation Accidents   Spatial disorientation (SD) is an inherent risk of flying and with a high risk of resulting in a fatal accident (Gibbs et al, 2011). SD related accidents occur when a pilot’s perception of the aircraft altitude, position, or relative motion conflict with reality (Benson, 1999). SD accidents are significantly more likely to result in a fatality than non-SD cases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of different contributing factors on SD and non-SD general aviation accidents. We used the NTSB …

Improving Multi-Agent Swarm Collision Avoidance Using Reciprocal Velocity Obstacles, Nick Wilson

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

As multi-agent systems grow increasingly complex, physical robotic swarms are essential to bridge the gap between limited software simulations and real-world application. The BID4R STARS swarm provides a physical platform for testing diverse algorithms, yet its success relies heavily on fundamental agent capabilities—most notably, obstacle avoidance. Preventing intra-swarm collisions is critical to avoid hardware damage and experimental disruption. To address this challenge, this project implements the Reciprocal Velocity Obstacles (RVO) algorithm onto the STARS swarm. While standard collision avoidance algorithms often overcorrect and induce oscillatory agent movement, RVO factors in the velocity and anticipated responses of all agents involved in …

Ai-Driven Predictive Analysis Of Airline Profitability Under Macroeconomic And Sustainable Aviation Fuels, Shivika Singh

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

This study presents an AI-enhanced predictive model to assess airline profitability under the combined influence of macroeconomic trends and the adoption of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). By including economic indicators such as GDP growth, inflation rates, and fuel price volatility with airline operational data, including ticket prices and fuel costs, the model simulates profitability across multiple carriers. Scenario-based analyses, encompassing optimistic, moderate, and pessimistic projections, illustrate different financial sensitivities between low-cost and legacy airlines.

Supply Chain Analysis: The Oregonator Autocatalytic Case Study, Abigail Butcher

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

Understanding stability in complex supply chains remains a critical challenge due to nonlinear feedback, delayed responses, and sensitivity to parameter changes. This project presents a novel framework that applies bifurcation analysis to evaluate system stability, using the Oregonator autocatalytic chemical reaction model as an analog for supply chain dynamics. A parameter sweep of key model variables, particularly the stoichiometric factor f and the reaction rate constants k, is used to identify transitions between stable and oscillatory regimes. These transitions provide insight into how variations in feedback strength can drive instability in real-world systems. The framework will then be extended to …

Observing Antibiotic Resistance In Bacterial Co-Cultures Under Simulated Microgravity, Tyler Jenkins, Marina Vaden

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

Bacteria grow in complex natural environments with multiple factors affecting their growth, metabolism, and physiology. While astronauts are still preparing to travel to Mars, scientists must learn how to simulate a more realistic Martian environment. While a small volume of publications investigates the independent effects of microgravity or Martian regolith on microorganisms (Liao et al., 2025; Allen et al., 2022; Naz et al., 2023; Duri et al., 2025), to our knowledge no current experiments exist on the joint effects of microgravity and Martian simulant on a co-culture. This experiment aims to investigate the effect of a microgravity analog on the …

Customization That Clicks: Human Factors Evaluation Of A User-Centered Vehicle Customization System, Noah Clark, Shawn Mathura, Sarah Bailey, Paul Seal, Brandon Ibarra, Kailey Hrbek, Carissa Aumack, Kevin Sun, Olivia Honan, Kelly Nguyen, Caroline Deck, Brandon D. Dreslin

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

Older adults (OAs) and drivers with disabilities (DwDs) often encounter challenges when customizing vehicle features (e.g., seat adjustment, lighting, climate control) because existing human-machine interfaces (HMIs) may not be designed to accommodate diverse sensory, motor, and cognitive capabilities. HarmonIQ is a biometric-based, user-centered vehicle customization system designed to improve accessibility and inclusivity for OAs and DwDs, developed by Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (ERAU) in collaboration with Bethune-Cookman University (BCU). This research, supported in part by the EcoCAR Electric Vehicle Challenge, builds on Fall 2024 proofs-of-concept and Spring 2025 initial development of HarmonIQ and its components, namely the driver profile software and …

Simplified Flight Controls For Urban Air Mobility (Uam), Sierra Martinez, Frank Cunningham Iv, Nicole Giordano, Olivia Honan, Katie Stubits, Heather Bond, Paul Seal, Brandon Ibarra

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

Air taxis are meant to perform short-distance, lower-altitude flights in challenging terrain- whether it be maneuvering around skyscrapers in urban areas, or for emergency responders in remote, difficult to access areas. It is paramount that the control system is intuitive and user friendly, since air taxi pilots will likely receive less training than commercial airline pilots. The Human Factors Department is working to advance Urban Air Mobility (UAM) initiatives by evaluating alternative inceptors (ie. control systems) that might be used in Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) air taxi designs. The controller itself needs to have specific and distinct enough operations …

Assessing The Impact Of Various Factors On Hypoxic Response, Reese Kim, Allysa Hayden

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

Hypoxia is a condition in which the body’s tissues are deprived of oxygen and has deleterious effects on cognition, perception, and performance. Hypoxia has a myriad of symptoms such as euphoria, difficulty concentrating, headache, fatigue, nausea, dizziness, tunnel vision, and more. Outward signs of hypoxia include cyanosis (blueing of the fingertips and lips), tremors, loss of coordination, pallor, and complexion change, and can be used to notice the onset of hypoxia in others. Many factors are known to contribute to the manifestation of hypoxia, namely altitude, exposure duration, and certain physiological conditions such as heart problems and low blood flow …

Honeybee-Inspired Swarm Intelligence For Autonomous Adaptability Of Martian Infrastructure, Morgan Kendall

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

Current research in autonomous space systems primarily relies on centralized control or swarm methods designed for fixed mission scenarios. These approaches lack the flexibility needed for long-duration Mars operations, where infrastructure must adapt to changing conditions, evolving mission goals, and limited human oversight. This creates a critical gap in developing autonomous systems capable of continuous self-organization. This gap is being addressed by developing a biologically inspired, adaptive Martian infrastructure using swarm intelligence. The scope includes key system domains such as power distribution, communication networks, and surface logistics. Agent-based modeling software will simulate infrastructure components as autonomous agents that evaluate local …

Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction Method For Continuous Strain Analysis Across Heterogenous Material Interface Layers, Sierra Damon

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

Synchrotron X-ray diffraction method for continuous strain analysis across heterogenous material interface layers   The transfer of strain across a material interface is a relevant concept to quantify for numerous aerospace applications that involve coatings applied to substrates of different materials, particularly in the field of high temperature materials. X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a metrology technique capable of resolving strain within an arbitrary material by quantifying the shifts of Bragg peaks with respect to an unstrained sample and has seen increased use due to the capability of XRD to perform in-situ measurements on materials in extreme environments. Since different materials have …

Nano Aircraft Using Underactuated Technology (Naut), Giol Vinyals I Roca

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

The Nano Aircraft using Underactuated Technology (NAUT) project presents a novel swashplateless rotor system that achieves cyclic pitch control using a single actuator, eliminating the need for conventional multi-servo swashplate assemblies. This approach is specifically tailored for nano unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) operating within Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) environments, where size, weight, and power constraints demand highly efficient and simplified control architectures. A functional prototype has been developed and experimentally validated, demonstrating measurable cyclic pitch variation and effective control authority. Multiple mechanism variants are currently being investigated to evaluate performance trade-offs in responsiveness, mechanical efficiency, and aerodynamic effectiveness. These configurations …

Comparing Student Perceptions: Self-Directed Learner And Sense Of Responsibility With Their Measured Self-Direction In Learning Programming, Abigail Blalock

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

This research poster presents findings from a broader study examining self-direction in learning (SDL) programming among first-year engineering students enrolled in an introductory programming course at Embry-Riddle. Developing learner autonomy and self-direction is essential for fostering lifelong learning and adaptability, particularly in programming, where rapidly evolving tools and techniques require continuous skill development. Using a quasi-experimental approach, this study investigates students’ self-direction in learning using a 25-item validated instrument on the Personal Responsibility Orientation to Self-Direction in Learning Scale (PRO-SDLS). Grounded in the Personal Responsibility Orientation (PRO) model, the instrument distinguishes between the external teaching–learning process and the internal characteristics …

An Improved Process For The Preparation Of Fezolinetant And Its Intermediates, Lee Pharma Limited

Defensive Publications Series

The present disclosure relates to process for the preparation of Fezolinetant and its intermediates thereof.

Agent‑Assisted Dispute Resolution Using Early‑Stage Transaction Signals, Neerav Berry, Nireeksha Ravi Reddy, Gavin Shenker, Jalpesh Chitalia, Mark L. Woelfer

Defensive Publications Series

A payment network dispute resolution system includes a memory for storing agentic signal records and a processor coupled to the memory. The processor is configured to receive, prior to transaction authorization, consumer mandate data, agent purchase request data, and payment signal data. This data is stored in association with a dispute index key. Upon receiving a dispute message via a dispute resolution interface, the system retrieves the stored data and applies a rule set to identify whether at least two undisputed prior transactions share elements of the payment signal data. The system determines if the dispute qualifies for auto blocking …

Risk-Aware Intent Belief Gating Layer For Transactional Artificial Intelligence Assistants, Madhav Mittal

Defensive Publications Series

An intent belief layer system (100) for transactional artificial intelligence assistants is disclosed. The system includes a text encoder configured to receive a user utterance and generate an embedding vector, and an intent classifier configured to generate intent-wise logits for an intent taxonomy in which each intent is associated with risk metadata. A belief estimator applies calibrated probability mapping to generate an observation probability distribution, retrieves a prior probability distribution from a session store, and computes a posterior probability distribution using a Bayesian belief update across conversation turns. A risk engine computes an expected risk score over the posterior probability …

Pipeline Array Architecture: Topological Freedom Beyond 2d Grid, Jinhui Wu

Defensive Publications Series

In prior work, we introduced the Pipeline Array architecture—a distributed parallel data processing
framework based on the five core characteristics of Assignment, State Holding, Compare, Block, and
Update. The architecture was presented with a two-dimensional (2D) grid as a typical embodiment for
spatially structured data such as image pixels and sensor grids.
This paper clarifies and extends the topological understanding of the Pipeline Array. We emphasize that
the defining characteristic of an Ordered Array is fixed spatial coordinates and neighbor relationships
—not the specific geometric shape of the array. The 2D grid is one valid embodiment, but not a limitation. …

Caldwell Dementia Super‑Stack V2.0 — Ultra‑Integrated Multi‑Physics Research Engine A Builder‑Ready, Cross‑Portfolio Open‑Hardware System Integrating Cudre‑1.5, Cng‑Loop V2.0, Accs V5.0, Ocular Triad, Crfg‑1r, Forgecell Prime, Arachne‑Chip Ultra‑Real, Sentinel‑Av, Phoenix‑Water 2.0, Uaap‑2.0, Vabr‑2.0, Arg‑Cm 2.0, Fdms‑1.0, Taii‑3.0, Mechanic’S Battery 2.0, And Ures/Mmra Resonant Energy Stack, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

The Caldwell Dementia Super‑Stack v2.0 is a fully open‑hardware, builder‑ready, multi‑physics research ecosystem designed to simulate, measure, modulate, and stabilize synthetic glymphatic clearance, ocular transport, microbubble‑driven flow, and environmental resonance conditions using standardized phantom systems.

This upgraded v2.0 edition integrates twelve additional posted Caldwell inventions—each already available on TDCommons—into a unified, synchronized architecture that dramatically increases thermal stability, acoustic precision, environmental control, vibration isolation, microbubble consistency, DAQ clarity, and cross‑lab reproducibility.

The system combines:

• CUDRE‑1.5 (glymphatic simulation),

• CNG‑Loop v2.0 (environmental telemetry),

• ACCS v5.0 (acoustic modulation),

• Ocular Triad (posterior transport),

• CRFG‑1R + Forgecell Prime (solid‑state thermal stability),

• Arachne‑Chip ULTRA‑REAL (anisotropic thermal …

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System And Method For Cost-Per-Second Active Dwell Verification Based On Client-Side Physiological And Behavioral Telemetry, N/A Anonymous

Defensive Publications Series

A system and method are disclosed for establishing a real-time verification and monetization model for digital content delivery based on live client-side physiological and behavioral telemetry. A client-side telemetry agent monitors neural-engagement proxies, including micro-movement patterns, scroll-stop deceleration, and haptic sensor variances, at a high sampling frequency. These proxies are processed into a normalized attention score representing the focus intensity of a viewer. To facilitate real-time financial tracking, the system integrates a robust communication protocol. A server-side dynamic billing gate establishes a secure, low-latency connection with the client-side agent to stream the attention score packets in real time. The server-side …

Standardized Agent-To-Agent Commercial Negotiation And Settlement Protocol, Aura Yavary

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes a standardized communication and negotiation framework for autonomous software agents. The protocol enables real-time, cryptographically verifiable, and automated negotiation between a client-side buyer agent representing a user and one or more server-side seller agents representing commerce platforms or brands. The buyer agent broadcasts a structured intent payload containing constraint parameters and a negotiation endpoint. Seller agents evaluate available inventory against the constraints and return bid packets containing product metadata, validity conditionals, and a cryptographically signed incentive token (such as an HMAC-based token) representing dynamic, session-specific discounts or bonuses. The buyer agent programmatically incorporates these tokens into a …

Radiographic Evaluation Of Kidney Size In Cats: Effects Of Sex And Gonadal Status, Somchin Sutthigran, Auraiwan Klaengkaew, Chutimon Thanaboonnipat, Suppawiwat Ponglowhapan, Nan Choisunirachon

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Radiographic evaluation of kidney size using the kidney-to-second lumbar vertebral body length (K/L2) ratio is a standard method for assessing kidney size in cats. However, current reference values underdetermine biological factors such as sex and gonadal status, which may influence kidney and lumbar length. Reproductive hormones are known to influence kidney and vertebral development, but their specific effects on radiographic kidney and vertebral measurements in cats are unclear. This retrospective study aimed to assess the effects of gonadal status on kidney length, L2 vertebral length, and the K/L2 ratio in clinically healthy cats. A total of 285 cats were included …

Asymptotic Enumeration Of K-Bounded Functions Using Toeplitz Matrices, Tiago Cavalcante Trindade, Pedro Martineli

Rose-Hulman Undergraduate Mathematics Journal

We introduce the concept of $(\alpha, \lambda)$-bounded functions, characterized by limited local variation, which is especially useful in discrete sets. Initially, we formally define these functions and investigate their fundamental properties, highlighting significant differences from continuous functions. The main result obtained is the asymptotic estimate of $a(n, k)$, representing the number of functions from $[n]$ to $[n]$ that are $k$-bounded with respect to the Manhattan distance. The proof of this result combines Toeplitz matrices with a well-known inequality from graph theory.

Ronald E. Mcnair Research Symposium Presentation Schedule 2026, Mcnair Scholars Program

McNair Symposium

This is the presentation schedule for the 24th Undergraduate Ronald E. McNair Research Symposium 2026.

Discovering Optimal Imaging: Assessing Agreement Between Overlap And Distance Metrics In Black Bone Mri And Ct Segmentation, Zipporah Kaffey, Natalie West, Anjolaoluwa Sijuade, Kenneth Tran, Chloe Mouhayar, Stephen Y. Lai, Clifton D. Fuller

CATALYST Summer Training Program 2026

This poster explores the overlap and boundary metrics used to validate and compare Black Bone MRI (BB) contours to those of CT. The aim is to explore whether those metrics agree or not and to explore BB as an alternative to CT in monitoring head and neck cancer patients post-radiation therapy for adverse effects such as ORN.

Beyond The Indicators: Community-Defined Sustainability In Bario, Sarawak, Rhonwyn Hagedorn

Capstone Collection

This study examines how Kelabit community members in Bario, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo define and practice sustainability within community-based tourism (CBT), and how these local understandings align with or diverge from the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study used a thematic analysis drawing on fifteen semi-structured interviews with Kelabit community members, supplemented by tourist questionnaires and document analysis of online tourism materials. Four themes emerged: sustainability as collective stewardship; community decision-making and collaboration; cultural identity as the core of tourism; and equity, participation, and the limits of growth. Findings suggest that Kelabit community members hold a holistic, relational, and …