Digital Commons Network^™

Tax Receipt

Warren C. Cowen Papers

State and county tax receipt for 1951 to Warren C. Cowen, November 2, 1951.

Tax Notice

Warren C. Cowen Papers

Notice to Warren C. Cowen for tax due to the city and school of Fort Worth, Texas, October 30, 1951.

Letter To Warren, Scott

Warren C. Cowen Papers

Letter to Warren C. Cowen from Raymond Scott, August 3, 1966.

Insurance

Warren C. Cowen Papers

Request for life insurance for Warren C. Cowen, January 17, 1966.

Release Of Lieu

Warren C. Cowen Papers

Release of Lieu to Warren C. Cowen and his wife, Mary Cowen, July 22, 1966..

Insurance

Warren C. Cowen Papers

Endorsement for assignment, transfer or change of mortgagee to Warren C. Cowen and his wife, Mary Cowen, August 3, 1965.

Insurance

Warren C. Cowen Papers

Personal liability coverage amendatory endorsement of homeowners insurance policy, August 14, 1962.

Insurance

Warren C. Cowen Papers

Car insurance for the car of Warren C. Cowen and his wife, Mary Cowen, January 17, 1962.

Insurance

Warren C. Cowen Papers

Home insurance for the home of Warren C. Cowen and his wife, Mary Cowen, August 14, 1962.

Filter Element And Filter System For Filtering Fluids

Defensive Publications Series

The invention relates to a filter element (10) for a filter system (100) for filtering fluids, in particular a liquid filter system, at least comprising a filter media body (12), being arranged between a raw side (80) and a clean side (82) of the filter element (10), wherein a pre-separating element (20) is arranged upstream of the filter media body (12), covering an in­flow surface (26) of the filter media body (12). The pre-separating element (20) com­prises a biocide agent.

Context-Aware Short-Form Video Collaboration Via Graph Neural Networks And Large Language Models, D Shin

Defensive Publications Series

This paper describes a technique for proactively suggesting contextually relevant collaborative opportunities within a short-form video ecosystem. The system employs a graph-based architecture to model the video environment as a massive, interconnected network where individual videos are represented as nodes. Relationships between these nodes are established through multi-modal edges that represent visual content similarity, audio characteristics, and user engagement patterns. By utilizing a graph neural network (GNN) to aggregate features from a video’s neighborhood, the system generates rich, context-aware embeddings. These embeddings enable real-time identification of stylistically and contextually compatible content through efficient search mechanisms. When paired with a large …

Pon Port Oam Reflector Using A Single Onu Mac Address

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes a scalable approach for supporting Ethernet OAM, including ITU-T Y.1731 performance monitoring, on Passive Optical Network (PON) Optical Network Units (ONUs) using a single MAC address. The approach anchors downstream Maintenance Association End Points (MEPs) logically at the PON interface, allowing all unicast Y.1731 messages for multiple Ethernet services to use the ONU PON MAC as a common destination address. By extending existing ITU-T G.988 Dot1ag MEP configuration to associate a MEP with the ANI-G entity, and by leveraging the standardized ONU Manufacturing Data Managed Entity for MAC address discovery, the approach avoids per-service MAC address allocation …

Tunable Multi-Stage Query-Based Protocol For Personalized Content Recommendations, Animesh Sinha, Jital Patel, Akshay Gaur

Defensive Publications Series

Content recommendation systems rely on user-behavior statistics to model preferences. These systems must be engineered to handle an ever-growing corpus of documents, a vast user base, and sparse signals for inferring latent interests. Additionally, they face significant challenges in determining the appropriate dimensionality and granularity for interest modeling. To produce high-quality systems that function at web-scale, it is essential to leverage global semantic knowledge. Conventionally, this is achieved through various embedding and tagging systems that provide a foundational vocabulary for interest modeling. In this work, we propose a multi-stage, query-based architecture that leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) to learn high-quality …

Dynamic Configuration Of Artificial Intelligence Agent Contexts Via Shortened Aliases, Tomek Rutowski

Defensive Publications Series

The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for configuring the operational context of artificial intelligence (AI) agents using short, memorable text phrases. Large language models (LLMs) and agentic models often require precise contextual scoping to function effectively, as unrestricted access to vast data sources can lead to hallucinations or broad, inaccurate responses. The described technology utilizes a configuration alias, similar to a shortened uniform resource locator (URL), which is recognized by a parser within the AI interface. Instead of processing this alias as a standard prompt, the system performs a backend lookup to retrieve a pre-defined set of configuration …

Vista: February 12, 2026, University Of San Diego

USD Vista (1965-)

No abstract provided.

The Social Worker As Interrogator: The Nasw Code Of Ethics And The Duty To Warn, Jennifer A. Brobst

Journal of Health Care Law & Policy Online Issue

No abstract provided.

Psilocybin And Animal Testing: Charting An End To The Use Of Animals In Drug Development Research, Amanda L. Elyse

Journal of Health Care Law & Policy Online Issue

No abstract provided.

Justice For Our Nation's Elders: Why The Health & Hospital Corporation V. Talevski Decision Is A Victory For Elder Rights, Aryana Ravery

Journal of Health Care Law & Policy Online Issue

No abstract provided.

City Of Grants Pass, Oregon V. Johnson: The Intersection Of Health, Homelessness, And Eighth Amendment Protections Against Cruel And Unusual Punishment, Jordan Hartung

Journal of Health Care Law & Policy Online Issue

No abstract provided.

Where A Life Of Service Begins, Eric F. Spina

President's Blog: From the Heart

Once a year I play UD's version of Candid Camera, and the moment is magical. Just before Christmas an unsuspecting Johanna Matota stepped into my conference room. Her hands flew to her mouth in surprise and joy when I told her she is the 2026 recipient of the prestigious W.S. McIntosh Memorial Leadership Award.

Teaching Multiculturalism With A Christian Worldview To Influence Perspectives: Combating Emotions And Challenging Presuppositions Of Counselors, Steven Brooks

Faculty Publications and Presentations

In counseling education, teaching multiculturalism is a critical curricular component. Today, counselors (more widely defined as various caregivers) are more likely to encounter people whose race or culture differs from their own. Therefore, to be the most effective counselor, a solid and unapologetic curriculum in multiculturalism should be required. Because the education component of multiculturalism is often subordinate to a trainee’s reluctance—or even inability—to confront the difficult concepts, it is necessary first to address the reluctance; hence, my thesis. Multiculturalism presented and discussed on an academic plane is more likely to assuage trainees’ fears and spur them to cultural competence. …

Repurposing Erisa As The Protector Of Health Insurance Beneficiaries, D. Brian Hufford

Journal of Health Care Law & Policy Online Issue

No abstract provided.

Mandibular Extension As A Trigger Of The Proprioceptive Trigeminocardiac Reflex, Massimo Conti, Giovanna Traina, Daniele Tonlorenzi

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

The trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) is a physiological response characterized by a reduction in heart rate and arterial blood pressure following stimulation of any branch of the fifth cranial nerve. This review presents a novel mechanism of TCR induction through proprioceptive activation of the trigeminal nerve via mandibular extension (ME). Accordingly, it is referred to as the “proprioceptive trigeminocardiac reflex” (pTCR). An overview of the existing literature on ME-evoked TCR in humans and animals is presented, with particular emphasis on evidence of cerebral microcirculatory alterations. The magnitude of cardiovascular responses appears to depend on the duration of ME, with repeated applications …

Heavy Metals As Endocrine Disruptors, Arzu Or Koca

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Heavy metals are widely recognized as endocrine-disrupting agents primarily originating from anthropogenic sources and persisting in soil, air, and water. This review aims to present an updated and comprehensive synthesis of current evidence regarding the endocrine-disrupting effects of heavy metals, with particular emphasis on their roles in the pathogenesis of common endocrine and metabolic disorders. The toxicological impact of these elements depends on the level and duration of exposure, their chemical form, and the biological susceptibility of target tissues. Chronic exposure, even at low doses, has been implicated in the development of diabetes mellitus, obesity, autoimmune thyroiditis, thyroid cancer, pubertal …

Canakinumab Treatment In Patients With Colchicine-Resistant Familial Mediterranean Fever: A Multicenter Observational Study, Emrah Koç, Mete Pekdi̇ker, Mete Kara

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Anti-interleukin-1 agents have known beneficial effects in the treatment of colchicine-resistant familial Mediterranean fever (cr-FMF); however, studies to date have tended to have small sample sizes and to be based on pooled data. The present study investigates the efficacy of Canakinumab (CAN) in a homogeneous cohort of cr-FMF cases.

Materials and methods: The study included patients who underwent treatment in three tertiary rheumatology departments, whose electronic medical records were reviewed retrospectively. The inclusion criteria were presence of colchicine resistant disease activity or persistent proteinuria secondary to AA-amyloidosis, and treatment with CAN for at least 6 months. Clinical and laboratory …

Evaluation Of The Relationship Between Pan-Immune Inflammation Value And Prognostic Factors In Germ-Cell Testicular Cancer: Analysis Of Stage, Lymph Node Involvement, And Metastasis, Erdi̇nç Di̇nçer, Orkunt Özkaptan, Cengi̇z Çanakçi, Osman Murat İpek, Alper Coşkun, Ahmet Hali̇l Sevi̇nç

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: To evaluate the association between the preoperative pan-immune inflammation value (PIV) and prognostic factors, including stage, lymph node involvement, and metastasis, in patients who underwent radical orchiectomy for germ cell testicular tumors.

Materials and methods: Data from 178 patients who underwent radical orchiectomy for testicular tumors between January 2014 and January 2024 were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative serum tumor markers, hematologic parameters, and histopathological findings were recorded. Tumor staging was determined based on radiological imaging and serum tumor markers. The PIV was calculated using the formula: (monocyte count × neutrophil count × platelet count) / lymphocyte count. Optimal cut-off values …

Validity Of The Turkish Version Of The Oral Frailty Index-8 And Its Relationship With Frailty, Malnutrition, And Sarcopenia In Older Adults, Süleyman Emre Koçyi̇ği̇t, Bi̇lal Kati̇poğlu, Yilmaz Önal, Kübra Bahar Baykan, İlknur Şeker Kaya, Fatma Sena Dost, Özge Dokuzlar, Esra Ateş Bulut, Ali̇ Ekrem Aydin, Derya Kaya, Ahmet Turan Işik

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: The Oral Frailty Index-8 (OFI-8) is a reliable screening for oral frailty. In our study, while presenting the Turkish reliability and validity study of the OFI-8, we also aimed to establish a cut-off value for oral frailty in Turkish population.

Materials and methods: Patients who presented to the outpatient clinic between January 2024 and January 2025 were evaluated. The test’s internal consistency and test–retest reliability were assessed. Divergent validity was evaluated using frailty scores, muscle strength, and nutritional status. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated to determine the optimal cut-off values for identifying frailty, malnutrition, and probable …

Preference Of Mechanical Ventilation Modes Among Intensivists In Türkiye: A National Wide, Point Prevalence Study, Süleyman Yildirim, Nurhayat Kilinç Özgün, Özcan Alpdoğan, Hüseyi̇n Uçar, İmren Taşkiran, Adnan Ata, Özhan Özcan, Kivanç Öncü, Saba Mukaddes Acarbay, Temel Güner, Pinar Özgün, Zerri̇n Özçeli̇k, Ayşegül Çinaroğlu, Gi̇zem Kurada, L. Serap Avlaği, Onur Gökçe, Özkul Yilmaz Çolak, Fatma Ülger, Melda İşevi̇, Özgür Kiliç, Rahi̇me Aydin Kayali, Meti̇n Yarici, Berkay Küçük, Fatma Yildirim, Kami̇l Gönderen, Bi̇şar Ergün, Kutlay Aydin, Kamuran Uluç, Sevda Onuk, Mi̇ne Altinkaya Çavuş, Yelda Balik, Ahmet Sari, Hayri̇ye Cankar Dal, Şeri̇fe Gökbulut Bektaş, Sema Turan, Ferhan Demi̇rer Aydemi̇r, Türkay Akbaş, Hamza Gülteki̇n, Kani̇ye Aydin, Seli̇n Eyüpoğlu, Havva Kocayi̇ği̇t, Gürhan Taşkin, Kazim Rollas, Mensure Çakirgöz, Cenk Kirakli

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is a fundamental intervention for patients with respiratory failure in intensive care units (ICUs). This nationwide, multicenter point-prevalence study aimed to describe current mechanical ventilation mode preferences (conventional, adaptive, and biphasic) in Turkish ICUs and to report associated clinical outcomes descriptively, without assessing causal relationships.

Materials and methods: A nationwide, multicenter point-prevalence study was conducted on 17 April 2024 and included adult patients (≥18 years) who had been receiving IMV for more than 24 h. Data on patient demographics, ventilation mode distribution, ventilatory parameters, and descriptive clinical outcomes on day 28 (weaning status, tracheostomy, and …

Retrospective Evaluation Of Treatment Outcomes Of Gasserian Ganglion Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation In Trigeminal Neuralgia Patients With Multiple Sclerosis, Emel Başar, Nevci̇han Şahutoğlu Bal, Erkan Yavuz Akçaboy

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) secondary to multiple sclerosis (MS) is a rare but debilitating condition. Aside from two case reports, there are limited data on the use of Gasserian ganglion radiofrequency interventions in this patient population. This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of combined radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFT) and pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) treatment targeting the Gasserian ganglion in patients with MS-related TN.

Materials and methods: We retrospectively analyzed 12 patients with MS-associated TN who underwent combined Gasserian ganglion RFT and PRF treatment between 1 January 2021 and 1 January 2025. Patients were followed for six months. Visual analog scale (VAS) …

Feeding Time Index And Mortality In Intensive Care Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Cohort Study, Nevzat Mehmet Mutlu, Duygu Karaköse Çalişkan, Tülay Tunçer Peker, Özlem Balkiz Soyal, Ayşe Pinar Ti̇ti̇z, Behi̇ye Deni̇z Kosovali, Göksal Günerhan, Büşra Tezcan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with especially high mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, whose prognosis is worsened by dysphagia, malnutrition, and aspiration risk. The Feeding Time Index (FTI)—defined as the ratio of feeding days to total ICU length of stay—quantified nutritional exposure. This exploratory cohort study aimed to evaluate the association between FTI and mortality in ICU patients with acute ischemic stroke (IS) or hemorrhagic stroke (HS) and to examine the potential role of FTI, together with the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score and oral feeding status, …