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Articles 806701 - 806730 of 5171865

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Optimade, An Api For Exchanging Materials Data, Casper W. Andersen, Rickard Armiento, Evgeny Blokhin, Gareth J. Conduit, Shyam Dwaraknath, Matthew L. Evans, Ádám Fekete, Abhijith Gopakumar, Saulius Gražulis, Andrius Merkys, Fawzi Mohamed, Corey Oses, Giovanni Pizzi, Gian Marco Rignanese, Markus Scheidgen, Leopold Talirz, Cormac Toher, Donald Winston, Rossella Aversa, Kamal Choudhary Dec 2021

Optimade, An Api For Exchanging Materials Data, Casper W. Andersen, Rickard Armiento, Evgeny Blokhin, Gareth J. Conduit, Shyam Dwaraknath, Matthew L. Evans, Ádám Fekete, Abhijith Gopakumar, Saulius Gražulis, Andrius Merkys, Fawzi Mohamed, Corey Oses, Giovanni Pizzi, Gian Marco Rignanese, Markus Scheidgen, Leopold Talirz, Cormac Toher, Donald Winston, Rossella Aversa, Kamal Choudhary

Dartmouth Scholarship

The Open Databases Integration for Materials Design (OPTIMADE) consortium has designed a universal application programming interface (API) to make materials databases accessible and interoperable. We outline the first stable release of the specification, v1.0, which is already supported by many leading databases and several software packages. We illustrate the advantages of the OPTIMADE API through worked examples on each of the public materials databases that support the full API specification.

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Plasma-Borne Indicators Of Inflammasome Activity In Parkinson’S Disease Patients, Faith L. Anderson, Katharine M. Von Herrmann, Angeline S. Andrew, Yuliya I. Kuras, Alison L. Young, Clemens R. Scherzer, William F. Hickey, Stephen L. Lee, Matthew C. Havrda Dec 2021

Plasma-Borne Indicators Of Inflammasome Activity In Parkinson’S Disease Patients, Faith L. Anderson, Katharine M. Von Herrmann, Angeline S. Andrew, Yuliya I. Kuras, Alison L. Young, Clemens R. Scherzer, William F. Hickey, Stephen L. Lee, Matthew C. Havrda

Dartmouth Scholarship

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms and loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra. Inflammation and cell death are recognized aspects of PD suggesting that strategies to monitor and modify these processes may improve the management of the disease. Inflammasomes are pro-inflammatory intracellular pattern recognition complexes that couple these processes. The NLRP3 inflammasome responds to sterile triggers to initiate pro-inflammatory processes characterized by maturation of inflammatory cytokines, cytoplasmic membrane pore formation, vesicular shedding, and if unresolved, pyroptotic cell death. Histologic analysis of tissues from PD patients and individuals with nigral cell loss …

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Coculture With Hemicellulose-Fermenting Microbes Reverses Inhibition Of Corn Fiber Solubilization By Clostridium Thermocellum At Elevated Solids Loadings, Dhananjay Beri, Christopher D. Herring, Sofie Blahova, Suresh Poudel, Richard J. Giannone, Robert L. Hettich, Lee R. Lynd Dec 2021

Coculture With Hemicellulose-Fermenting Microbes Reverses Inhibition Of Corn Fiber Solubilization By Clostridium Thermocellum At Elevated Solids Loadings, Dhananjay Beri, Christopher D. Herring, Sofie Blahova, Suresh Poudel, Richard J. Giannone, Robert L. Hettich, Lee R. Lynd

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: The cellulolytic thermophile Clostridium thermocellum is an important biocatalyst due to its ability to solubilize lignocellulosic feedstocks without the need for pretreatment or exogenous enzyme addition. At low concentrations of substrate, C. thermocellum can solubilize corn fiber > 95% in 5 days, but solubilization declines markedly at substrate concentrations higher than 20 g/L. This differs for model cellulose like Avicel, on which the maximum solubilization rate increases in proportion to substrate concentration. The goal of this study was to examine fermentation at increasing corn fiber concentrations and investigate possible reasons for declining performance. Results: The rate of growth of C. …

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Breath Can Discriminate Tuberculosis From Other Lower Respiratory Illness In Children, Carly A. Bobak, Lili Kang, Lesley Workman, Lindy Bateman, Mohammad S. Khan, Margaretha Prins, Lloyd May, Flavio A. Franchina, Cynthia Baard, Mark P. Nicol, Heather J. Zar, Jane E. Hill Dec 2021

Breath Can Discriminate Tuberculosis From Other Lower Respiratory Illness In Children, Carly A. Bobak, Lili Kang, Lesley Workman, Lindy Bateman, Mohammad S. Khan, Margaretha Prins, Lloyd May, Flavio A. Franchina, Cynthia Baard, Mark P. Nicol, Heather J. Zar, Jane E. Hill

Dartmouth Scholarship

Pediatric tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health crisis. Despite progress, pediatric patients remain difficult to diagnose, with approximately half of all childhood TB patients lacking bacterial confirmation. In this pilot study (n = 31), we identify a 4-compound breathprint and subsequent machine learning model that accurately classifies children with confirmed TB (n = 10) from children with another lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) (n = 10) with a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 100% observed across cross validation folds. Importantly, we demonstrate that the breathprint identified an additional nine of eleven patients who had unconfirmed clinical TB and whose …

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Healing Through History: A Qualitative Evaluation Of A Social Medicine Consultation Curriculum For Internal Medicine Residents, Joel Bradley, David Styren, Abigail Laplante, John Howe, Sienna R. Craig, Emily Cohen Dec 2021

Healing Through History: A Qualitative Evaluation Of A Social Medicine Consultation Curriculum For Internal Medicine Residents, Joel Bradley, David Styren, Abigail Laplante, John Howe, Sienna R. Craig, Emily Cohen

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: Social context guides care; stories sustain meaning; neither is routinely prioritized in residency training. Healing Through History (HTH) is a social medicine consultation curriculum integrating social determinants of health narrative into clinical care for medically and socially complex patients. The curriculum is part of an internal medicine (IM) residency outpatient clinical rotation at a Veterans Health Administration hospital. Our aim was to explore how in-depth social medicine consultations may impact resident clinical practice and foster meaning in work. Methods: From 2017 to 2019, 49 categorical and preliminary residents in their first year of IM training were given two half-day …

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Elitism In Mathematics And Inequality, Ho-Chun Herbert Chang, Feng Fu Dec 2021

Elitism In Mathematics And Inequality, Ho-Chun Herbert Chang, Feng Fu

Dartmouth Scholarship

The Fields Medal, often referred as the Nobel Prize of mathematics, is awarded to no more than four mathematicians under the age of 40, every 4 years. In recent years, its conferral has come under scrutiny of math historians, for rewarding the existing elite rather than its original goal of elevating under-represented mathematicians. Prior studies of elitism focus on citational practices while a characterization of the structural forces that prevent access remain unclear. Here we show the flow of elite mathematicians between countries and lingo-ethnic identity, using network analysis and natural language processing on 240,000 mathematicians and their advisor–advisee relationships. …

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Materials Property Prediction For Limited Datasets Enabled By Feature Selection And Joint Learning With Modnet, Pierre-Paul De Breuck, Geoffroy Hautier, Gian Marco Rignanese Dec 2021

Materials Property Prediction For Limited Datasets Enabled By Feature Selection And Joint Learning With Modnet, Pierre-Paul De Breuck, Geoffroy Hautier, Gian Marco Rignanese

Dartmouth Scholarship

In order to make accurate predictions of material properties, current machine-learning approaches generally require large amounts of data, which are often not available in practice. In this work, MODNet, an all-round framework, is presented which relies on a feedforward neural network, the selection of physically meaningful features, and when applicable, joint-learning. Next to being faster in terms of training time, this approach is shown to outperform current graph-network models on small datasets. In particular, the vibrational entropy at 305 K of crystals is predicted with a mean absolute test error of 0.009 meV/K/atom (four times lower than previous studies). Furthermore, …

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Measuring And Modeling Energy And Power Consumption In Living Microbial Cells With A Synthetic Atp Reporter, Yijie Deng, Douglas Raymond Beahm, Steven Ionov, Rahul Sarpeshkar Dec 2021

Measuring And Modeling Energy And Power Consumption In Living Microbial Cells With A Synthetic Atp Reporter, Yijie Deng, Douglas Raymond Beahm, Steven Ionov, Rahul Sarpeshkar

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the main energy carrier in living organisms, critical for metabolism and essential physiological processes. In humans, abnormal regulation of energy levels (ATP concentration) and power consumption (ATP consumption flux) in cells is associated with numerous diseases from cancer, to viral infection and immune dysfunction, while in microbes it influences their responses to drugs and other stresses. The measurement and modeling of ATP dynamics in cells is therefore a critical component in understanding fundamental physiology and its role in pathology. Despite the importance of ATP, our current understanding of energy dynamics and homeostasis in living cells …

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A Bioimpedance-Based Monitor For Real-Time Detection And Identification Of Secondary Brain Injury, Alicia Everitt, Brandon Root, Daniel Calnan, Preston Manwaring, David Bauer, Ryan Halter Dec 2021

A Bioimpedance-Based Monitor For Real-Time Detection And Identification Of Secondary Brain Injury, Alicia Everitt, Brandon Root, Daniel Calnan, Preston Manwaring, David Bauer, Ryan Halter

Dartmouth Scholarship

Secondary brain injury impacts patient prognosis and can lead to long-term morbidity and mortality in cases of trauma. Continuous monitoring of secondary injury in acute clinical settings is primarily limited to intracranial pressure (ICP); however, ICP is unable to identify essential underlying etiologies of injury needed to guide treatment (e.g. immediate surgical intervention vs medical management). Here we show that a novel intracranial bioimpedance monitor (BIM) can detect onset of secondary injury, differentiate focal (e.g. hemorrhage) from global (e.g. edema) events, identify underlying etiology and provide localization of an intracranial mass effect. We found in an in vivo porcine model …

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Exercise Routine Change Is Associated With Prenatal Depression Scores During The Covid-19 Pandemic Among Pregnant Women Across The United States, Theresa E. Gildner, Elise J. Laugier, Zaneta M. Thayer Dec 2021

Exercise Routine Change Is Associated With Prenatal Depression Scores During The Covid-19 Pandemic Among Pregnant Women Across The United States, Theresa E. Gildner, Elise J. Laugier, Zaneta M. Thayer

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected physical and mental health worldwide. Pregnant women already exhibit an elevated risk for depression compared to the general public, a pattern expected to be exacerbated by the pandemic. Certain lifestyle factors, including moderate exercise, may help support mental health during pregnancy, but it is unclear how the pandemic may impact these associations across different locations. Here, we test whether: (i) reported exercise routine alterations during the pandemic are associated with depression scores; and, (ii) the likelihood of reporting pandemic-related exercise changes varies between women living in metro areas and those in non-metro areas. …

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Mitochondrial Atp Fuels Abc Transporter-Mediated Drug Efflux In Cancer Chemoresistance, Emily L. Giddings, Devin P. Champagne, Meng Han Wu, Joshua M. Laffin, Tina M. Thornton, Felipe Valenca-Pereira, Rachel Culp-Hill, Karen A. Fortner, Natalia Romero, James East, Phoebe Cao, Hugo Arias-Pulido, Karatatiwant S. Sidhu, Brian Silverstrim, Yoonseok Kam, Shana Kelley, Mark Pereira, Susan E. Bates, Janice Y. Bunn, Steven N. Fiering Dec 2021

Mitochondrial Atp Fuels Abc Transporter-Mediated Drug Efflux In Cancer Chemoresistance, Emily L. Giddings, Devin P. Champagne, Meng Han Wu, Joshua M. Laffin, Tina M. Thornton, Felipe Valenca-Pereira, Rachel Culp-Hill, Karen A. Fortner, Natalia Romero, James East, Phoebe Cao, Hugo Arias-Pulido, Karatatiwant S. Sidhu, Brian Silverstrim, Yoonseok Kam, Shana Kelley, Mark Pereira, Susan E. Bates, Janice Y. Bunn, Steven N. Fiering

Dartmouth Scholarship

Chemotherapy remains the standard of care for most cancers worldwide, however development of chemoresistance due to the presence of the drug-effluxing ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters remains a significant problem. The development of safe and effective means to overcome chemoresistance is critical for achieving durable remissions in many cancer patients. We have investigated the energetic demands of ABC transporters in the context of the metabolic adaptations of chemoresistant cancer cells. Here we show that ABC transporters use mitochondrial-derived ATP as a source of energy to efflux drugs out of cancer cells. We further demonstrate that the loss of methylation-controlled J …

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Clinically Relevant Dual Probe Difference Specimen Imaging (Ddsi) Protocol For Freshly Resected Breast Cancer Specimen Staining, Broderick J. House, Marcus J. Kwon, Jasmin M. Schaefer, Connor W. Barth, Allison Solanki, Scott C. Davis, Summer L. Gibbs Dec 2021

Clinically Relevant Dual Probe Difference Specimen Imaging (Ddsi) Protocol For Freshly Resected Breast Cancer Specimen Staining, Broderick J. House, Marcus J. Kwon, Jasmin M. Schaefer, Connor W. Barth, Allison Solanki, Scott C. Davis, Summer L. Gibbs

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: Re-excision rates following breast conserving surgery (BCS) remain as high as ~ 35%, with positive margins detected during follow-up histopathology. Additional breast cancer resection surgery is not only taxing on the patient and health care system, but also delays adjuvant therapies, increasing morbidity and reducing the likelihood of a positive outcome. The ability to precisely resect and visualize tumor margins in real time within the surgical theater would greatly benefit patients, surgeons and the health care system. Current tumor margin assessment technologies utilized during BCS involve relatively lengthy and labor-intensive protocols, which impede the surgical work flow. Methods: In …

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Prenatal Metal Mixtures And Child Blood Pressure In The Rhea Mother-Child Cohort In Greece, Caitlin G. Howe, Katerina Margetaki, Marina Vafeiadi, Theano Roumeliotaki, Marianna Karachaliou, Manolis Kogevinas, Rob Mcconnell, Sandrah P. Eckel, David V. Conti, Maria Kippler, Shohreh F. Farzan, Leda Chatzi Dec 2021

Prenatal Metal Mixtures And Child Blood Pressure In The Rhea Mother-Child Cohort In Greece, Caitlin G. Howe, Katerina Margetaki, Marina Vafeiadi, Theano Roumeliotaki, Marianna Karachaliou, Manolis Kogevinas, Rob Mcconnell, Sandrah P. Eckel, David V. Conti, Maria Kippler, Shohreh F. Farzan, Leda Chatzi

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: Child blood pressure (BP) is predictive of future cardiovascular risk. Prenatal exposure to metals has been associated with higher BP in childhood, but most studies have evaluated elements individually and measured BP at a single time point. We investigated impacts of prenatal metal mixture exposures on longitudinal changes in BP during childhood and elevated BP at 11 years of age. Methods: The current study included 176 mother-child pairs from the Rhea Study in Heraklion, Greece and focused on eight elements (antimony, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, lead, magnesium, molybdenum, selenium) measured in maternal urine samples collected during pregnancy (median gestational age …

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Is Telemedicine The Answer To Rural Expansion Of Medication Treatment For Opioid Use Disorder? Early Experiences In The Feasibility Study Phase Of A National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network Trial, Yih Ing Hser, Allison J. Ober, Alex R. Dopp, Chunqing Lin, Katie P. Osterhage, Sarah E. Clingan, Larissa J. Mooney, Megan E. Curtis, Lisa A. Marsch, Bethany Mcleman, Emily Hichborn, Laurie S. Lester, Laura Mae Baldwin, Yanping Liu, Petra Jacobs, Andrew J. Saxon Dec 2021

Is Telemedicine The Answer To Rural Expansion Of Medication Treatment For Opioid Use Disorder? Early Experiences In The Feasibility Study Phase Of A National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network Trial, Yih Ing Hser, Allison J. Ober, Alex R. Dopp, Chunqing Lin, Katie P. Osterhage, Sarah E. Clingan, Larissa J. Mooney, Megan E. Curtis, Lisa A. Marsch, Bethany Mcleman, Emily Hichborn, Laurie S. Lester, Laura Mae Baldwin, Yanping Liu, Petra Jacobs, Andrew J. Saxon

Dartmouth Scholarship

Telemedicine (TM) enabled by digital health technologies to provide medical services has been considered a key solution to increasing health care access in rural communities. With the immediate need for remote care due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many health care systems have rapidly incorporated digital technologies to support the delivery of remote care options, including medication treatment for individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD). In responding to the opioid crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic, public health officials and scientific communities strongly support and advocate for greater use of TM-based medication treatment for opioid use disorder (MOUD) to improve access to …

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Activity Of Immunoproteasome Inhibitor Onx-0914 In Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Expressing Mll–Af4 Fusion Protein, Tyler W. Jenkins, Sondra L. Downey-Kopyscinski, Jennifer L. Fields, Gilbert J. Rahme, William C. Colley, Mark A. Israel, Andrey V. Maksimenko, Steven N. Fiering, Alexei F. Kisselev Dec 2021

Activity Of Immunoproteasome Inhibitor Onx-0914 In Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Expressing Mll–Af4 Fusion Protein, Tyler W. Jenkins, Sondra L. Downey-Kopyscinski, Jennifer L. Fields, Gilbert J. Rahme, William C. Colley, Mark A. Israel, Andrey V. Maksimenko, Steven N. Fiering, Alexei F. Kisselev

Dartmouth Scholarship

Proteasome inhibitors bortezomib and carfilzomib are approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma and have demonstrated clinical efficacy for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The t(4;11)(q21;q23) chromosomal translocation that leads to the expression of MLL–AF4 fusion protein and confers a poor prognosis, is the major cause of infant ALL. This translocation sensitizes tumor cells to proteasome inhibitors, but toxicities of bortezomib and carfilzomib may limit their use in pediatric patients. Many of these toxicities are caused by on-target inhibition of proteasomes in non-lymphoid tissues (e.g., heart muscle, gut, testicles). We found that MLL–AF4 cells …

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Rationale And Design Of The Novel Uses Of Adaptive Designs To Guide Provider Engagement In Electronic Health Records (Nudge-Ehr) Pragmatic Adaptive Randomized Trial: A Trial Protocol, Julie C. Lauffenburger, Thomas Isaac, Lorenzo Trippa, Punam Keller, Ted Robertson, Robert J. Glynn, Thomas D. Sequist, Dae H. Kim, Constance P. Fontanet, Edward W.B. Castonguay, Nancy Haff, Renee A. Barlev, Mufaddal Mahesri, Chandrashekar Gopalakrishnan, Niteesh K. Choudhry Dec 2021

Rationale And Design Of The Novel Uses Of Adaptive Designs To Guide Provider Engagement In Electronic Health Records (Nudge-Ehr) Pragmatic Adaptive Randomized Trial: A Trial Protocol, Julie C. Lauffenburger, Thomas Isaac, Lorenzo Trippa, Punam Keller, Ted Robertson, Robert J. Glynn, Thomas D. Sequist, Dae H. Kim, Constance P. Fontanet, Edward W.B. Castonguay, Nancy Haff, Renee A. Barlev, Mufaddal Mahesri, Chandrashekar Gopalakrishnan, Niteesh K. Choudhry

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: The prescribing of high-risk medications to older adults remains extremely common and results in potentially avoidable health consequences. Efforts to reduce prescribing have had limited success, in part because they have been sub-optimally timed, poorly designed, or not provided actionable information. Electronic health record (EHR)-based tools are commonly used but have had limited application in facilitating deprescribing in older adults. The objective is to determine whether designing EHR tools using behavioral science principles reduces inappropriate prescribing and clinical outcomes in older adults. Methods: The Novel Uses of Designs to Guide provider Engagement in Electronic Health Records (NUDGE-EHR) project uses …

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Using Impression Data To Improve Models Of Online Social Influence, Rui Liu, Kevin T. Greene, Ruibo Liu, Mihovil Mandic, Benjamin A. Valentino, Soroush Vosoughi, V. S. Subrahmanian Dec 2021

Using Impression Data To Improve Models Of Online Social Influence, Rui Liu, Kevin T. Greene, Ruibo Liu, Mihovil Mandic, Benjamin A. Valentino, Soroush Vosoughi, V. S. Subrahmanian

Dartmouth Scholarship

Influence, the ability to change the beliefs and behaviors of others, is the main currency on social media. Extant studies of influence on social media, however, are limited by publicly available data that record expressions (active engagement of users with content, such as likes and comments), but neglect impressions (exposure to content, such as views) and lack “ground truth” measures of influence. To overcome these limitations, we implemented a social media simulation using an original, web-based micro-blogging platform. We propose three influence models, leveraging expressions and impressions to create a more complete picture of social influence. We demonstrate that impressions …

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White Matter Abnormalities In Adults With Bipolar Disorder Type-Ii And Unipolar Depression, Anna Manelis, Adriane Soehner, Yaroslav O. Halchenko, Skye Satz, Rachel Ragozzino, Mora Lucero, Holly A. Swartz, Mary L. Phillips, Amelia Versace Dec 2021

White Matter Abnormalities In Adults With Bipolar Disorder Type-Ii And Unipolar Depression, Anna Manelis, Adriane Soehner, Yaroslav O. Halchenko, Skye Satz, Rachel Ragozzino, Mora Lucero, Holly A. Swartz, Mary L. Phillips, Amelia Versace

Dartmouth Scholarship

Discerning distinct neurobiological characteristics of related mood disorders such as bipolar disorder type-II (BD-II) and unipolar depression (UD) is challenging due to overlapping symptoms and patterns of disruption in brain regions. More than 60% of individuals with UD experience subthreshold hypomanic symptoms such as elevated mood, irritability, and increased activity. Previous studies linked bipolar disorder to widespread white matter abnormalities. However, no published work has compared white matter microstructure in individuals with BD-II vs. UD vs. healthy controls (HC), or examined the relationship between spectrum (dimensional) measures of hypomania and white matter microstructure across those individuals. This study aimed to …

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Implementation Facilitation To Introduce And Support Emergency Department-Initiated Buprenorphine For Opioid Use Disorder In High Need, Low Resource Settings: Protocol For Multi-Site Implementation-Feasibility Study, Ryan P. Mccormack, John Rotrosen, Phoebe Gauthier, Gail D’Onofrio, David A. Fiellin, Lisa A. Marsch, Patricia Novo, David Liu, E. Jennifer Edelman, Sarah Farkas, Abigail G. Matthews, Caroline Mulatya, Dagmar Salazar, Jeremy Wolff, Randolph Knight, William Goodman, Kathryn Hawk Dec 2021

Implementation Facilitation To Introduce And Support Emergency Department-Initiated Buprenorphine For Opioid Use Disorder In High Need, Low Resource Settings: Protocol For Multi-Site Implementation-Feasibility Study, Ryan P. Mccormack, John Rotrosen, Phoebe Gauthier, Gail D’Onofrio, David A. Fiellin, Lisa A. Marsch, Patricia Novo, David Liu, E. Jennifer Edelman, Sarah Farkas, Abigail G. Matthews, Caroline Mulatya, Dagmar Salazar, Jeremy Wolff, Randolph Knight, William Goodman, Kathryn Hawk

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: For many reasons, the emergency department (ED) is a critical venue to initiate OUD interventions. The prevailing culture of the ED has been that substance use disorders are non-emergent conditions better addressed outside the ED where resources are less constrained. This study, its rapid funding mechanism, and accelerated timeline originated out of the urgent need to learn whether ED-initiated buprenorphine (BUP) with referral for treatment of OUD is generalizable, as well as to develop strategies to facilitate its adoption across a variety of ED settings and under real-world conditions. It both complements and uses methods adapted from Project ED …

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Can A Large-Landscape Conservation Vision Contribute To Achieving Biodiversity Targets?, Mark Hebblewhite, Jodi A. Hilty, Sara Williams, Harvey Locke, Charles Chester, David Johns, Gregory Kehm, Wendy L. Francis Dec 2021

Can A Large-Landscape Conservation Vision Contribute To Achieving Biodiversity Targets?, Mark Hebblewhite, Jodi A. Hilty, Sara Williams, Harvey Locke, Charles Chester, David Johns, Gregory Kehm, Wendy L. Francis

Political Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Founded in 1993, the Yellowstone to Yukon (Y2Y) vision was one of the earliest large-landscape conservation visions. Despite growing recognition of large-landscape conservation strategies, there have been few tests to date of conservation gains achieved through such approaches. We tested for conservation gains in the Y2Y region of North America following initiation of the Y2Y conservation vision in 1993 using a counterfactual spatiotemporal comparison and tracking change in five different conservation metrics. First, we enumerated the area of land within Y2Y in designated protected areas. We then compared the rate of change of protected area growth before- and after-initiation of …

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A Late Cretaceous True Polar Wander Oscillation, Ross N. Mitchell, Christopher J. Thissen, David A.D. Evans, Sarah P. Slotznick, Rodolfo Coccioni, Toshitsugu Yamazaki, Joseph L. Kirschvink Dec 2021

A Late Cretaceous True Polar Wander Oscillation, Ross N. Mitchell, Christopher J. Thissen, David A.D. Evans, Sarah P. Slotznick, Rodolfo Coccioni, Toshitsugu Yamazaki, Joseph L. Kirschvink

Dartmouth Scholarship

True polar wander (TPW), or planetary reorientation, is well documented for other planets and moons and for Earth at present day with satellites, but testing its prevalence in Earth’s past is complicated by simultaneous motions due to plate tectonics. Debate has surrounded the existence of Late Cretaceous TPW ca. 84 million years ago (Ma). Classic palaeomagnetic data from the Scaglia Rossa limestone of Italy are the primary argument against the existence of ca. 84 Ma TPW. Here we present a new high-resolution palaeomagnetic record from two overlapping stratigraphic sections in Italy that provides evidence for a ~12° TPW oscillation from …

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Predictive Modeling Of Depression And Anxiety Using Electronic Health Records And A Novel Machine Learning Approach With Artificial Intelligence, Matthew D. Nemesure, Michael V. Heinz, Raphael Huang, Nicholas C. Jacobson Dec 2021

Predictive Modeling Of Depression And Anxiety Using Electronic Health Records And A Novel Machine Learning Approach With Artificial Intelligence, Matthew D. Nemesure, Michael V. Heinz, Raphael Huang, Nicholas C. Jacobson

Dartmouth Scholarship

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are highly prevalent and impairing problems, but frequently go undetected, leading to substantial treatment delays. Electronic health records (EHRs) collect a great deal of biometric markers and patient characteristics that could foster the detection of GAD and MDD in primary care settings. We approached the problem of predicting MDD and GAD using a novel machine learning pipeline to re-analyze data from an observational study. The pipeline constitutes an ensemble of algorithmically distinct machine learning methods, including deep learning. A sample of 4,184 undergraduate students completed the study, undergoing a general health …

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Cost Talk: Protocol For A Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Trial Of An Intervention Helping Patients And Urologic Surgeons Discuss Costs Of Care For Slow-Growing Prostate Cancer During Shared Decision-Making, Mary C. Politi, Rachel C. Forcino, Katelyn Parrish, Marie Anne Durand, A. James O’Malley, Glyn Elwyn Dec 2021

Cost Talk: Protocol For A Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Trial Of An Intervention Helping Patients And Urologic Surgeons Discuss Costs Of Care For Slow-Growing Prostate Cancer During Shared Decision-Making, Mary C. Politi, Rachel C. Forcino, Katelyn Parrish, Marie Anne Durand, A. James O’Malley, Glyn Elwyn

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: Costs of care are important to patients making cancer treatment decisions, but clinicians often do not feel prepared to discuss treatment costs. We aim to (1) assess the impact of a conversation-based decision aid (Option Grid) containing cost information about slow-growing prostate cancer management options, combined with urologic surgeon training, on the frequency and quality of patient-urologic surgeon cost conversations, and (2) examine the impact of the decision aid and surgeon training on decision quality. Methods: We will conduct a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial in outpatient urology practices affiliated with a large academic medical center in the USA. We …

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“It’S Way More Than Just Writing A Prescription”: A Qualitative Study Of Preferences For Integrated Versus Non-Integrated Treatment Models Among Individuals With Opioid Use Disorder, Elizabeth C. Saunders, Sarah K. Moore, Olivia Walsh, Stephen A. Metcalf, Alan J. Budney, Patricia Cavazos-Rehg, Emily Scherer, Lisa A. Marsch Dec 2021

“It’S Way More Than Just Writing A Prescription”: A Qualitative Study Of Preferences For Integrated Versus Non-Integrated Treatment Models Among Individuals With Opioid Use Disorder, Elizabeth C. Saunders, Sarah K. Moore, Olivia Walsh, Stephen A. Metcalf, Alan J. Budney, Patricia Cavazos-Rehg, Emily Scherer, Lisa A. Marsch

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: Increasingly, treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) is offered in integrated treatment models addressing both substance use and other health conditions within the same system. This often includes offering medications for OUD in general medical settings. It remains uncertain whether integrated OUD treatment models are preferred to non-integrated models, where treatment is provided within a distinct treatment system. This study aimed to explore preferences for integrated versus non-integrated treatment models among people with OUD and examine what factors may influence preferences. Methods: This qualitative study recruited participants (n = 40) through Craigslist advertisements and flyers posted in treatment programs …

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Impact Of Oncotype Dx Testing On Er+ Breast Cancer Treatment And Survival In The First Decade Of Use, Evelien Schaafsma, Baoyi Zhang, Merit Schaafsma, Chun Yip Tong, Lanjing Zhang, Chao Cheng Dec 2021

Impact Of Oncotype Dx Testing On Er+ Breast Cancer Treatment And Survival In The First Decade Of Use, Evelien Schaafsma, Baoyi Zhang, Merit Schaafsma, Chun Yip Tong, Lanjing Zhang, Chao Cheng

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: The Oncotype DX breast recurrence score has been introduced more than a decade ago to aid physicians in determining the need for systemic adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with early-stage, estrogen receptor (ER)+, lymph node-negative breast cancer. Methods: In this study, we utilized data from The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program to investigate temporal trends in Oncotype DX usage among US breast cancer patients in the first decade after the introduction of the Oncotype DX assay. Results: We found that the use of Oncotype DX has steadily increased in the first decade of use and that this increase …

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The Impact Of Particulate Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Oxygen Sensors On Fluorodeoxyglucose Imaging Characteristics Detected Via Positron Emission Tomography, Philip E. Schaner, Ly Binh An Tran, Bassem I. Zaki, Harold M. Swartz, Eugene Demidenko, Benjamin B. Williams, Alan Siegel, Periannan Kuppusamy, Ann Barry Flood, Bernard Gallez Dec 2021

The Impact Of Particulate Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Oxygen Sensors On Fluorodeoxyglucose Imaging Characteristics Detected Via Positron Emission Tomography, Philip E. Schaner, Ly Binh An Tran, Bassem I. Zaki, Harold M. Swartz, Eugene Demidenko, Benjamin B. Williams, Alan Siegel, Periannan Kuppusamy, Ann Barry Flood, Bernard Gallez

Dartmouth Scholarship

During a first-in-humans clinical trial investigating electron paramagnetic resonance tumor oximetry, a patient injected with the particulate oxygen sensor Printex ink was found to have unexpected fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in a dermal nodule via positron emission tomography (PET). This nodule co-localized with the Printex ink injection; biopsy of the area, due to concern for malignancy, revealed findings consistent with ink and an associated inflammatory reaction. Investigations were subsequently performed to assess the impact of oxygen sensors on FDG-PET/CT imaging. A retrospective analysis of three clinical tumor oximetry trials involving two oxygen sensors (charcoal particulates and LiNc-BuO microcrystals) in 22 patients …

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Rational Design Of On-Chip Gold Plasmonic Nanoparticles Towards Ctdna Screening, Amogha Tadimety, Ziqian Wu, John H. Molinski, Russell Beckerman, Congran Jin, Lauren Zhang, Timothy J. Palinski, John X.J. Zhang Dec 2021

Rational Design Of On-Chip Gold Plasmonic Nanoparticles Towards Ctdna Screening, Amogha Tadimety, Ziqian Wu, John H. Molinski, Russell Beckerman, Congran Jin, Lauren Zhang, Timothy J. Palinski, John X.J. Zhang

Dartmouth Scholarship

This paper demonstrates the design, synthesis, simulation, and testing of three distinct geometries of plasmonic gold nanoparticles for on-chip DNA screening towards liquid biopsy. By employing a seed-mediated growth method, we have synthesized gold nanospheres, nanorods, and nanobipyramids. In parallel, we developed numerical simulations to understand the effects of nanoparticle geometry on the resonance features and refractive index sensitivity. Both experimental and simulation results were compared through a series of studies including in-solution and on-chip tests. We have thoroughly characterized the impact of nanoparticle geometry on the sensitivity to circulating tumor DNA, with immediate implications for liquid biopsy. The results …

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A Framework To Identify Structured Behavioral Patterns Within Rodent Spatial Trajectories, Francesco Donnarumma, Roberto Prevete, Domenico Maisto, Simone Fuscone, Emily M. Irvine, Matthijs A.A. Van Der Meer, Caleb Kemere, Giovanni Pezzulo Dec 2021

A Framework To Identify Structured Behavioral Patterns Within Rodent Spatial Trajectories, Francesco Donnarumma, Roberto Prevete, Domenico Maisto, Simone Fuscone, Emily M. Irvine, Matthijs A.A. Van Der Meer, Caleb Kemere, Giovanni Pezzulo

Dartmouth Scholarship

Animal behavior is highly structured. Yet, structured behavioral patterns—or “statistical ethograms”—are not immediately apparent from the full spatiotemporal data that behavioral scientists usually collect. Here, we introduce a framework to quantitatively characterize rodent behavior during spatial (e.g., maze) navigation, in terms of movement building blocks or motor primitives. The hypothesis that we pursue is that rodent behavior is characterized by a small number of motor primitives, which are combined over time to produce open-ended movements. We assume motor primitives to be organized in terms of two sparsity principles: each movement is controlled using a limited subset of motor primitives (sparse …

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Gaussian-Preserved, Non-Volatile Shape Morphing In Three-Dimensional Microstructures For Dual-Functional Electronic Devices, Ziao Tian, Borui Xu, Guangchao Wan, Xiaomin Han, Zengfeng Di, Zi Chen, Yongfeng Mei Dec 2021

Gaussian-Preserved, Non-Volatile Shape Morphing In Three-Dimensional Microstructures For Dual-Functional Electronic Devices, Ziao Tian, Borui Xu, Guangchao Wan, Xiaomin Han, Zengfeng Di, Zi Chen, Yongfeng Mei

Dartmouth Scholarship

Motile plant structures such as Mimosa pudica leaves, Impatiens glandulifera seedpods, and Dionaea muscipula leaves exhibit fast nastic movements in a few seconds or less. This motion is stimuli-independent mechanical movement following theorema egregium rules. Artificial analogs of tropistic motion in plants are exemplified by shape-morphing systems, which are characterized by high functional robustness and resilience for creating 3D structures. However, all shape-morphing systems developed so far rely exclusively on continuous external stimuli and result in slow response. Here, we report a Gaussian-preserved shape-morphing system to realize ultrafast shape morphing and non-volatile reconfiguration. Relying on the Gaussian-preserved rules, the transformation …

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Sprd: A Surface Plasmon Resonance Database Of Common Factors For Better Experimental Planning, Purushottam B. Tiwari, Camelia Bencheqroun, Mario Lemus, Taryn Shaw, Marilyn Kouassi-Brou, Adil Alaoui, Aykut Üren Dec 2021

Sprd: A Surface Plasmon Resonance Database Of Common Factors For Better Experimental Planning, Purushottam B. Tiwari, Camelia Bencheqroun, Mario Lemus, Taryn Shaw, Marilyn Kouassi-Brou, Adil Alaoui, Aykut Üren

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: Surface plasmon resonance is a label-free biophysical technique that is widely used in investigating biomolecular interactions, including protein-protein, protein-DNA, and protein-small molecule binding. Surface plasmon resonance is a very powerful tool in different stages of small molecule drug development and antibody characterization. Both academic institutions and pharmaceutical industry extensively utilize this method for screening and validation studies involving direct molecular interactions. In most applications of the surface plasmon resonance technology, one of the studied molecules is immobilized on a microchip, while the second molecule is delivered through a microfluidic system over the immobilized molecules. Changes in total mass on …

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