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Microstructure And Mechanical Properties Of Dissimilar Joint Of Stainless Steel Pipes Using Rotary Friction Welding, Zhiyar Tawfeeq, Ramadhan Gardi Mar 2026

Microstructure And Mechanical Properties Of Dissimilar Joint Of Stainless Steel Pipes Using Rotary Friction Welding, Zhiyar Tawfeeq, Ramadhan Gardi

Engineering and Technology Journal

Dissimilar welding joints of different grades of stainless-steel pipes using various welding processes and technologies have received special attention in the world of manufacturing in the last few years, due to the wide application of different grades of this material in different sectors, including refineries, chemical plants, heat exchangers, and power generation plants. The utilization of rotary friction welding has significantly increased, and more studies on it have been conducted to reduce the difficulties of joining similar and dissimilar materials in general and steel in specific, as it decreases the heat input and thermal cycle. This study investigated the effect …

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Effect Of Ag-Ptfe Nanocomposite Coating On Wettability And Antimicrobial Activity Of Orthodontic Wires, Mahmood Naser, Emad Al-Hassani, Fatima Al-Hassani Mar 2026

Effect Of Ag-Ptfe Nanocomposite Coating On Wettability And Antimicrobial Activity Of Orthodontic Wires, Mahmood Naser, Emad Al-Hassani, Fatima Al-Hassani

Engineering and Technology Journal

This study investigates the effect of Ag–PTFE nanocomposite coatings, prepared by radio frequency (RF) sputtering, on the surface and antimicrobial properties of orthodontic stainless steel archwires (SSW). The novelty lies in combining silver (Ag) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) nanoparticles into one coating, which has not been widely applied to orthodontics. The motivation is the need to reduce microbial adhesion and biofilm on archwires, which contribute to enamel demineralization, gingival disease, and infections. The problem addressed is the lack of coatings that can simultaneously provide enhanced surface properties, facilitate controlled silver ion release, and deliver durable antibacterial performance. Unlike literature that mainly …

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Sustainable Geopolymer Concrete: Iraqi Steel Slag As A High-Performance Aggregate For Improved Strength And Durability, Riyam Jaddana, Hussein Jaber Mar 2026

Sustainable Geopolymer Concrete: Iraqi Steel Slag As A High-Performance Aggregate For Improved Strength And Durability, Riyam Jaddana, Hussein Jaber

Engineering and Technology Journal

The construction industry’s reliance on ordinary Portland cement (OPC) contributes significantly to CO₂ emissions and resource depletion. Geopolymer concrete (GPC) offers a sustainable alternative, but natural aggregates (NAs) still harm the environment. This study investigates recycled coarse steel slag aggregate (RCSA), a metallurgical byproduct, as a partial replacement (10, 20, 30, and 40% by volume) for natural coarse aggregate (NCA) in metakaolin-based GPC. The geopolymer paste was formulated with optimal molar ratios of 3.65 for SiO₂/Al₂O₃, 2.9 for sodium hydroxide/ sodium silicate, and 0.62 for water/metakaolin. Results showed that incorporating RCSA enhances both mechanical and physical properties of GPC. Optimal …

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Enhancing Antibacterial Performance Of Powder Metallurgy-Fabricated Ti, Ti-15mo, And Ti-45zr Alloys Through Small Liquid Metal Gallium Additions In Biomedical Applications, Ammar Hasan, Fatimah Al‑Hasani, Emad Al‑Hassani Mar 2026

Enhancing Antibacterial Performance Of Powder Metallurgy-Fabricated Ti, Ti-15mo, And Ti-45zr Alloys Through Small Liquid Metal Gallium Additions In Biomedical Applications, Ammar Hasan, Fatimah Al‑Hasani, Emad Al‑Hassani

Engineering and Technology Journal

This study investigates the influence of small liquid metal gallium additions (1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 wt%) on the antibacterial performance of Ti, Ti-15Mo, and Ti-45Zr alloys fabricated by the powder metallurgy method. The alloys were manufactured by sintering at 1250 °C to improve the antibacterial activity of Titanium and its alloys in biomaterial applications. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to identify the dominant compounds and phases after adding liquid gallium metal, and the antibacterial activity was also tested; the results indicate an increase in the Zone of inhibition of Ti, Ti-15Mo, and Ti-45Zr with increasing gallium/Ga content, where the …

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Investigations Of Flexural And Impact Properties Of Bio-Epoxy-Based Composites For Bone Plate Application, Hwazen Fadhil, Qahtan Hamad, Jawad Oleiwi, Noha Ibrahim Mar 2026

Investigations Of Flexural And Impact Properties Of Bio-Epoxy-Based Composites For Bone Plate Application, Hwazen Fadhil, Qahtan Hamad, Jawad Oleiwi, Noha Ibrahim

Engineering and Technology Journal

Bone plates are necessary for bone fracture healing since they adapt the bio-mechanical micro-environment at the fracture location to provide the essential mechanical fixation for the fracture fragments. This research concentrates on decreasing the influence of stress shielding that takes place owing to an incompatibility between the metallic plate and the cortical bone by using a composite material based on biopolymer bio-epoxy thermosetting material reinforced by natural pumpkin powder at a fixed weight fraction (2 wt.%) for all lamination sample in addition to fiber reinforcement which involves different layers of flax woven fabrics mainly in addition to woven Carbon fibers, …

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Experimental And Numerical Investigation Of Al2o3-Sio2 Nanopowder For Stainless Steel 304 L, Qasim Sachit, Maan Tawfiq, Muhssn Shamky, Waseem Abbas Mar 2026

Experimental And Numerical Investigation Of Al2o3-Sio2 Nanopowder For Stainless Steel 304 L, Qasim Sachit, Maan Tawfiq, Muhssn Shamky, Waseem Abbas

Engineering and Technology Journal

Electro-Discharge Machining (EDM) is a unique manufacturing method. Recently developed thermo-electric methods include Nano Powder-Mixed Electric Discharge Machining (NPMEDM), which suspends metallic Nanopowder in a dielectric. This study examines how Al2O3 -SiO2 Nanopowder concentration and mixing ratio affect EDM dielectric fluid surface integrity (outputs) on stainless steel 304L. Material Removal Rate (MRR), Electrode Wear Rate (EWR), and surface roughness (Ra) are used to evaluate machining efficiency. Nanofluid has much better heat conductivity than dielectrics, enhancing material removal. Material Removal Rate rises with discharge current. At Run No. 26, increasing Al2O3 particle proportion with 35 A discharge current, 2 g/l particle …

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Impact Of Sintering Time On Corrosion Rate And Relative Density Of Titanium, Titanium-Aluminum Alloy, And Titanium-Based Composites For Bio-Applications, Marwa Hadi, Niveen Abdulkader, Layth Al-Gebory Mar 2026

Impact Of Sintering Time On Corrosion Rate And Relative Density Of Titanium, Titanium-Aluminum Alloy, And Titanium-Based Composites For Bio-Applications, Marwa Hadi, Niveen Abdulkader, Layth Al-Gebory

Engineering and Technology Journal

The corrosion of implanted metals in the human body results in degradation and the release of harmful ions. Titanium and its alloys are used in biomedical applications due to their corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. This study examines how the amount of time spent sintering affects the density and corrosion resistance of Ti, Ti-6% Al, and Ti-6 % Al-2% HA (hydroxyapatite). Al was incorporated into Ti to reduce its density and enhance corrosion resistance. In contrast, HA was added at 2%, which aims to improve bioactivity and facilitate better integration with bone tissue. The samples were fabricated through powder metallurgy by …

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Effect Of Friction Stir Processing Of In-Situ A356/Al3ni Composites: Microstructure Refinement And Wear Behavior, Noor Baheer, Muna Abbass, Israa Aziz, Fuad Khoshnaw Mar 2026

Effect Of Friction Stir Processing Of In-Situ A356/Al3ni Composites: Microstructure Refinement And Wear Behavior, Noor Baheer, Muna Abbass, Israa Aziz, Fuad Khoshnaw

Engineering and Technology Journal

This research investigated the impact of friction stir processing on grain refinement in the surface layer of composite materials. The in-situ composite was created by stir casting, incorporating 15% pure Ni into the Al matrix type A356. Microstructural analysis performed with optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction revealed the formation and dispersion of intermetallic phases such as AlNi, Al3Ni, and Al3Ni2, contributing to significant grain refinement. FSP further enhanced the micros structure by breaking and uniformly distributing small particles, including the primary Si phase and Al₃Ni, while refining α-Al dendrites. These microstructural changes resulted in improved mechanical properties, including a 13.81% …

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Assessment And Surface Modeling Of Cod Removal From Simulated Dairy Wastewater In A Continuous Advanced Oxidation Reactor, Anwar Hashim, Mohammed Salman Mar 2026

Assessment And Surface Modeling Of Cod Removal From Simulated Dairy Wastewater In A Continuous Advanced Oxidation Reactor, Anwar Hashim, Mohammed Salman

Engineering and Technology Journal

The paper herein shows modeling and optimization of a continuous-flow ultraviolet/hydrogen peroxide (UV/H2O2) AOP to degrade chemical oxygen demand (COD) in simulated dairy wastewater. The common conventional treatment procedures, such as biological and physicochemical processes, may be limited by the high amount of sludge formation, high costs, and poor removal of recalcitrant organic contaminants that form. This research, therefore, aims to design a more effective photochemical treatment alternative by conducting experimental studies and developing a more accurate model. A tailor-made cubic photoreactor with double 6 W low-pressure UV lamps (254 nm) was used to investigate the effect of three parameters: …

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Experimental And Numerical Investigation Of The Influence Of Relative Density On The Behavior Of Ring Footings On An Inclined Surface, Huda Ghanim, Saad Al-Wakel, Zeena Samueel Mar 2026

Experimental And Numerical Investigation Of The Influence Of Relative Density On The Behavior Of Ring Footings On An Inclined Surface, Huda Ghanim, Saad Al-Wakel, Zeena Samueel

Engineering and Technology Journal

Ring footings are a crucial foundation type for supporting large and tall structures, as they enhance structural stability, mitigate the risk of overturning, and resist lateral forces. Compared with conventional circular foundations, ring footings also provide savings in construction materials and overall cost. This study examines the behavior of ring footings with radius ratios of n = 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75. The models consist of steel footings with a thickness of 50 mm and an area of 2200 mm², placed on granular sandy soil with a dried unit weight of 16 kN/m³ and a relative density of 50%. The footings …

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Compressive And Flexural Strength Of Mortar And Concrete Facings With Expanded Polystyrene And Particle Board Cores Sandwich Panels, Akintayo Adeniji, Bamidele Dahunsi, David Kolawole, Williams Kupolati, Everardt Burger, Jones Moloisane Mar 2026

Compressive And Flexural Strength Of Mortar And Concrete Facings With Expanded Polystyrene And Particle Board Cores Sandwich Panels, Akintayo Adeniji, Bamidele Dahunsi, David Kolawole, Williams Kupolati, Everardt Burger, Jones Moloisane

Engineering and Technology Journal

Lightweight sandwich panels are mainly utilized in the aerospace and automobile industries, and are increasingly explored for sustainable construction. This study investigates the mechanical performance of sandwich panels composed of mortar and concrete facings with expanded polystyrene (EPS) and particle board (PB) cores. Mortar facings were a 1:3 mix of cement and sand, a 0.65 water-cement ratio, and a 1:2:4 mix of cement, sand, and granite for the concrete, with a 0.5 water-cement ratio. Cube (75 × 75 × 75 mm3) and prism (100 × 100 × 400 mm3) samples were fabricated with 15 mm facings and 45 mm cores, …

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Tire Contact Pressure Effects On Stress Responses Of Scaled Models Of Geotextile-Reinforced Flexible Pavements Over Weak Subgrade, Nawal Salman, Hasan Joni Mar 2026

Tire Contact Pressure Effects On Stress Responses Of Scaled Models Of Geotextile-Reinforced Flexible Pavements Over Weak Subgrade, Nawal Salman, Hasan Joni

Engineering and Technology Journal

Flexible pavements constructed over weak subgrades are subjected to premature failure due to excessive stress and deformation. Actual Tire contact pressure significantly affects the performance of flexible pavement. Geosynthetic reinforcement is used to overcome these issues. In this study, physical models with a (1/3) scale were used to investigate the effect of tire contact pressure on geotextile-reinforced flexible pavements over weak subgrades. Three pavement sections were studied: Control (unreinforced), Base-Surface reinforced with a non-woven geotextile, reinforced at the middle depth of the asphalt layer. Repeated axle loads were applied at three contact tire pressures of 480, 560, and 690 kPa, …

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Bridging The Lab-Field Gap: A Reproducible Protocol For Decentralized Production Of Sawdust-Cement Ceiling Boards In Low-Resource Settings, Oloruntimileyin Akintade, Timothy Adeyi, James Aribisala, John Adeyemi, Shade Ademokoya, Sunday Jegede Mar 2026

Bridging The Lab-Field Gap: A Reproducible Protocol For Decentralized Production Of Sawdust-Cement Ceiling Boards In Low-Resource Settings, Oloruntimileyin Akintade, Timothy Adeyi, James Aribisala, John Adeyemi, Shade Ademokoya, Sunday Jegede

Engineering and Technology Journal

Sawdust-cement composites (SCC) are sustainable alternatives to conventional building materials, but they are underutilized by grassroots artisans due to the limited availability of reproducible methods in low-resource settings. This study develops a standardized, field-tested protocol for producing ceiling boards using mixed-species sawdust, cement, and mineral fillers with minimal technical requirements and without reliance on industrial infrastructure. The workflow from sourcing to manual hydraulic compaction was documented and validated under artisanal conditions to assess feasibility, consistency, and performance. Results showed consistent physical properties across batches: density (1620 ± 15 kg/m³), water absorption (11.2 ± 0.3%), and thickness swelling (5.6 ± 0.2%). …

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Properties Of Modified Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Concrete With Two Types Of Waste Aggregate, Suhad Al-Saedi, Wasan Khalil Mar 2026

Properties Of Modified Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Concrete With Two Types Of Waste Aggregate, Suhad Al-Saedi, Wasan Khalil

Engineering and Technology Journal

The widespread use of cement in construction contributes significantly to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, creating an urgent need for environmentally friendly alternatives. Geopolymer concrete (GPC), which contains no cement, offers a sustainable solution. The focus is on developing a modified metakaolin-based GPC that incorporates recycled materials to improve sustainability while assessing its mechanical and durability properties. The research involved enhancing the binder by replacing 5% of metakaolin with calcium oxide and silica fume by weight. Additionally, to reduce environmental impact, 10% of the natural coarse aggregate volume was substituted with crumb rubber and shredded plastic waste. A detailed mix design …

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Vehicle Velocity Effect On The Structural Response Of Buried Flexible Pipe: Experimental Study, Ayad Habeeb, Eyad Sayhood, Saad A. Al-Wakel Mar 2026

Vehicle Velocity Effect On The Structural Response Of Buried Flexible Pipe: Experimental Study, Ayad Habeeb, Eyad Sayhood, Saad A. Al-Wakel

Engineering and Technology Journal

An urgent need to investigate the effects of the vehicles' characteristics on city infrastructure has arisen as a result of the development of roads and transportation, including the construction of new roads and the rise in vehicle numbers brought about by global population growth. In this research, an experimental study is performed to examine the effect of vehicle velocity on the behavior of buried Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) pipe under traffic load (moving load). The moving-wheel load has been exerted using a small-scale model with three velocities (5, 10, and 15 km/hr) to compare the strains and deformations occurring at the …

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A Segmentation Of Buildings From Multi-Scene Drone Images Using Deep Learning Models: Case Study- A Car Multi-Story Garage In The Camp Of The University Of Technology, Akram Jalil, Imzahim Alwan Mar 2026

A Segmentation Of Buildings From Multi-Scene Drone Images Using Deep Learning Models: Case Study- A Car Multi-Story Garage In The Camp Of The University Of Technology, Akram Jalil, Imzahim Alwan

Engineering and Technology Journal

Accurate building segmentation is essential for urban planning, monitoring, and mapping. Most deep learning approaches rely on single-view images, limiting segmentation accuracy due to the loss of spatial context. This re-search proposes a multi-view deep learning framework that integrates features extracted from four pre-trained CNN models—MobileNetV2, Res-Net50, VGG16, and InceptionV3—to capture multi-angle and multi-scale details. A vision transformer is employed to fuse and refine these features, enhancing global context and boundary precision. The proposed method was evaluated using UAV imagery of a multi-story garage at the University of Technology, captured by a DJI Mavic 2 Pro with a high-resolution Hasselblad …

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Hydraulic Simulation Of Al-Badaa Regulator Operation And Its Impact On The Flow Of Al- Gharraf River, Fatima Kazim, Jaafar Maatooq, Mohammed Wahad Mar 2026

Hydraulic Simulation Of Al-Badaa Regulator Operation And Its Impact On The Flow Of Al- Gharraf River, Fatima Kazim, Jaafar Maatooq, Mohammed Wahad

Engineering and Technology Journal

Surface irrigation is a widely used method for agricultural practices; however, it often suffers from low conveyance efficiency. The research investigates the hydraulic performance of a specific reach of Al-Gharraf River near Al-Badaa regulator located in Nasiriya city in southern Iraq. The primary objective of the present study is to simulate the operational mechanism of Al-Badaa regulator and evaluate its influence on upstream offtake operations. The research employs the Simulation of an Irrigation Canal (SIC) model, which is carefully calibrated and verified using values for the Manning coefficient and the discharge coefficient, alongside real-world operating scenarios. Five distinct flow conditions …

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Experimental Assessment Of Battered Pile Configurations Under Seismic Loading: Focus On Negative Inclinations, Qassim Hussain, Mohammed Al-Neami, Falah Rahil Mar 2026

Experimental Assessment Of Battered Pile Configurations Under Seismic Loading: Focus On Negative Inclinations, Qassim Hussain, Mohammed Al-Neami, Falah Rahil

Engineering and Technology Journal

Pile foundations play a crucial role in maintaining structural stability during earthquakes. This study addresses the underexplored behavior of negative battered piles under seismic loading. An experimental investigation was conducted on 2×2 pile groups embedded in sandy soil with a relative density of 30%, using a shaking table to simulate seismic events. The study evaluated the seismic response of front-row piles battered at -5°, 0°, and +5°, under input motions from the El Centro and Kobe earthquakes. The aim was to assess the comparative performance of negative battered piles relative to vertical and positively battered piles in terms of lateral …

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Prediction Of Reconnaissance Drought Index And Standardized Precipitation Index For Drought Analysis, Zahraa Kadhum, Amjed Alhameedawi, Mustafa Hamoodi Mar 2026

Prediction Of Reconnaissance Drought Index And Standardized Precipitation Index For Drought Analysis, Zahraa Kadhum, Amjed Alhameedawi, Mustafa Hamoodi

Engineering and Technology Journal

Drought is a natural disaster characterized by its intensity, duration, and spatial extent. This research investigates meteorological drought in Babylon Province, Iraq, highlighting its significance in the local context, particularly given the region's vulnerability to climatic changes. Employing the Drought Index Calculator (Drin C), we evaluate drought indices, namely the Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) and the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI), from 1991 to 2021. This study underscores the imperative of assessing the accuracy of commonly used drought monitoring techniques due to their inherent uncertainties. This work highlights the importance of integrating advanced modelling tools, such as the integration of advanced …

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Evaluation Of The Dynamic Variations Of Groundwater Utilizing Grace Data For The Dammam Aquifer Within Muthanna Governorate, Iraq, Hanan Mohammed, Mahmoud Al-Khafaji, Imzahim Alwan Mar 2026

Evaluation Of The Dynamic Variations Of Groundwater Utilizing Grace Data For The Dammam Aquifer Within Muthanna Governorate, Iraq, Hanan Mohammed, Mahmoud Al-Khafaji, Imzahim Alwan

Engineering and Technology Journal

Recently, the worldwide drought situation has gotten worse and is posing a serious threat to many nations, including Iraq. It is now unavoidable to use modern technologies, including remote sensing, to lessen the effects of this catastrophe. This paper aims to check the consistency of groundwater storage (GWS) derived from multiple sources utilizing remote sensing data with direct measurements in wells in the Dammam unconfined aquifer, which is situated in Al-Muthanna Governorate, Iraq. This study utilizes the water-level readings from well records from January 2008 to December 2014. The groundwater results from different combinations of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment …

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An Artificial Neural Network Model Prediction Of Mortar Strengths Reinforced With Henequen And Sisal Fibres For Sustainable Construction, Akintayo Adeniji, Williams Kupolati, Everardt Burger, Mueez Are, Jacques Snyman, Julius Ndambuki, Chris Ackerman Mar 2026

An Artificial Neural Network Model Prediction Of Mortar Strengths Reinforced With Henequen And Sisal Fibres For Sustainable Construction, Akintayo Adeniji, Williams Kupolati, Everardt Burger, Mueez Are, Jacques Snyman, Julius Ndambuki, Chris Ackerman

Engineering and Technology Journal

The increasing demand for sustainable building materials has spurred interest in using natural fibers for construction. This study evaluates the performance of henequen and sisal fibers in mortar to enhance their tensile properties and provide alternatives to synthetic fibers. Mortar samples were prepared using a 1:3 mix ratio, with fibers introduced at 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% by weight. The particle size distribution, setting times, consistency, and water ab-sorption and tensile strength of mortar constituents and fibers were determined. Compressive and splitting tensile strength tests were conducted on samples of 75 mm cubes and 50 × 100 mm cylinders …

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Plastic Roads: Evaluating The Role Of Waste Pet In Hot Mix Asphalt – A Review, Anwer Ali, Mustafa Khalid, Ahmed Adulateef, Rasha Mahmoud Mar 2026

Plastic Roads: Evaluating The Role Of Waste Pet In Hot Mix Asphalt – A Review, Anwer Ali, Mustafa Khalid, Ahmed Adulateef, Rasha Mahmoud

Engineering and Technology Journal

Plastic pollution has become a global environmental crisis, with millions of tons of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste accumulating in landfills and ecosystems. One promising solution is the integration of waste PET into hot-mix asphalt (HMA), offering the dual benefits of sustainable waste management and enhanced pavement performance. This review critically examines the mechanical, environmental, and economic impacts of PET-modified asphalt. Studies indicate that PET improves rutting resistance, durability, and flexibility, with optimal performance observed at moderate PET dosages (4– 6%). However, excessive PET content (> 6%) can lead to stiffening and premature cracking, while very high PET concentrations (> 20%) …

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Moment-Curvature Relations Of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete-Encased Cfst Beams, Raad Abdulkhudhur, Hussein Al-Quraishi, Mohammed Elwi Mar 2026

Moment-Curvature Relations Of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete-Encased Cfst Beams, Raad Abdulkhudhur, Hussein Al-Quraishi, Mohammed Elwi

Engineering and Technology Journal

A concrete-filled steel tube surrounded by external concrete is a composite element known as a concrete-encased concrete-filled steel tube (CFST). This composite element is used in multi-story buildings, large-span constructions, bridges, and underground transit stations. This research examined the curvature behavior of fiber-reinforced concrete-encased CFST beams. Eight concrete-encased CFST beams and one conventional beam were subjected to four-point loads during testing. The factors examined were shear connection, section size, CFST ratio, outer concrete compressive strength, compressive strength of concrete inside the steel tube, steel fiber content, and unfilled steel tubes. Curvature is an important factor that determines the adequacy of …

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Self-Sensing Engineered Cementitious Composites With Carbon Nanotubes And Reinforcing Fibers For Damage Detection, Shatha Ahmed, Ali Al-Dahawi, Shatha Hassan Mar 2026

Self-Sensing Engineered Cementitious Composites With Carbon Nanotubes And Reinforcing Fibers For Damage Detection, Shatha Ahmed, Ali Al-Dahawi, Shatha Hassan

Engineering and Technology Journal

Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) represent innovative construction materials that exhibit established mechanical properties and strength features. The exceptional characteristics of this substance render it a compelling option for various kinds of facilities. However, the increased implementation of ECCs necessitates monitoring the structural integrity of the systems that utilize them. This paper focuses on developing this concept by employing the traditional matrix after incorporating it with conductive fillers. These fillers transform the matrix into a functional state to sense the damage caused by various loads. Such loads include indirect tensile loads and compressive strength of mortar samples composed of cementitious matrix …

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Investigating The Role Of Solvent Extraction In Altering Ph Levels For Efficient Neodymium Extraction From Magnet Scrap, Huwaidah Ahmed, Ali Aljubouri, Hanaa Al-Kaisy Mar 2026

Investigating The Role Of Solvent Extraction In Altering Ph Levels For Efficient Neodymium Extraction From Magnet Scrap, Huwaidah Ahmed, Ali Aljubouri, Hanaa Al-Kaisy

Engineering and Technology Journal

Recycling rare earth elements, specifically neodymium from magnet scrap, is crucial for advancing sustainable technologies across various industries. In this research, neodymium was recovered by solvent extraction using a stock solution prepared in 200 mL by dissolving 1 g of neodymium (III) nitrate hexahydrate, Nd(NO3)3.6H2O, in 0.5 M nitric acid. Then, it was mixed with 1 M di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) in Isopar-L, as the organic phase, and 3 M H2SO4, as the aqueous phase, with an organic/aqueous volume ratio of (1:1). Specifically, the study examined the pH variation of the aqueous phase (from 0.5 to 2). The pH of …

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Ai-Driven Attacks On Database Security: Taxonomy And Defense Strategies, Diyar Naaman, Berivan Ahmed, Hajar Yasin Mar 2026

Ai-Driven Attacks On Database Security: Taxonomy And Defense Strategies, Diyar Naaman, Berivan Ahmed, Hajar Yasin

Engineering and Technology Journal

Artificial intelligence has introduced both unprecedented capabilities and novel vulnerabilities into database environments, enabling highly adaptive attacks that can evade traditional defenses. This review surveys recent research published between 2022 and 2025 on AI-assisted database security threats and synthesizes the literature to develop a comprehensive taxonomy of emerging attack approaches. We identified five primary classes of AI-based attacks: intelligent SQL injection attacks, adversarial machine learning strategies targeting database security systems, data poisoning attacks on AI-based databases, automated reconnaissance exploits, and sociotechnical manipulations aimed at database administrators. We systematically reviewed publications on cyber defense stored in IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, …

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The Effect Of Synthetic Minority Oversampling For Enhancing Brain Tumor Image Classification, Farah Fadhil, Zainab Sultani Mar 2026

The Effect Of Synthetic Minority Oversampling For Enhancing Brain Tumor Image Classification, Farah Fadhil, Zainab Sultani

Engineering and Technology Journal

Brain tumors are among the most serious neurological diseases, posing significant diagnostic challenges due to their diverse nature and complexity imbalance in medical imaging datasets. To address these challenges, machine learning (ML) has demonstrated high potential in brain tumor classification; nevertheless, its overall performance can suffer when minority classes are underrepresented. This study examines the impact of the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) on MRI brain tumor classification using handcrafted features, including Gray Level Co-occurence Matrix (GLCM), Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG), and their combination (HOG + GLCM), with three classifiers, namely, Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and …

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A Comparative Study Of Viscoelastic Characteristics In Polymer Composite With Respect To The Damping Performance And Structural Behavior, Rafal Hameed Mar 2026

A Comparative Study Of Viscoelastic Characteristics In Polymer Composite With Respect To The Damping Performance And Structural Behavior, Rafal Hameed

Engineering and Technology Journal

This study systematically investigates the viscoelastic characteristics and damping performance of polymer composites, examining the interplay between filler morphology, matrix-filler interactions, and structural behavior. The purpose is to understand and predict how different fillers influence key viscoelastic properties to enable tailored composite design. Methods and Key Findings: Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and forced vibration tests were used to characterize temperature- and frequency-dependent viscoelastic properties, including storage modulus (E′), loss modulus (E′′), and damping factor (tanδ). Key results demonstrate distinct effects: Spherical calcium carbonate increased stiffness (E′) by 45% at 15 wt% loading but restricted damping (tan δ) due to agglomeration-induced …

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Traditional Machine Learning Techniques For Explainable Ai In Lung And Colon Cancer Classification, Mahmood Amer, Zainab Sultani Mar 2026

Traditional Machine Learning Techniques For Explainable Ai In Lung And Colon Cancer Classification, Mahmood Amer, Zainab Sultani

Engineering and Technology Journal

Lung and colon cancers are two of the most common and deadly tumors around the world, creating significant public health concerns. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have heavily improved cancer research, particularly in early detection, histopathological analysis, and personalized therapy planning. However, despite their remarkable accuracy, ML models sometimes lack transparency, making explainability crucial in medical applications. Although various machine learning (ML)-based classifications for cancer models exist, their interpretation is not understood. The current research overcomes the diagnostic gap by developing a highly accurate system that uses XAI (Explainable Artificial Intelligence) methods to clarify its predictions. We used …

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Evaluating The Performance Of An Electrocoagulation Process Using Response Surface Methods For Textile Wastewater Treatment, Adedayo Badejo, Fidelis Nkeshita, Ayorinde Olanipekun, Babatunde Bada, Adekunle David, Julius Ndambuki, Williams Kupolati Mar 2026

Evaluating The Performance Of An Electrocoagulation Process Using Response Surface Methods For Textile Wastewater Treatment, Adedayo Badejo, Fidelis Nkeshita, Ayorinde Olanipekun, Babatunde Bada, Adekunle David, Julius Ndambuki, Williams Kupolati

Engineering and Technology Journal

The textile industry is one of the largest polluters of water resources, producing effluents containing complex mixtures of pollutants such as dyes, heavy metals, and high biological oxygen demand. Electrocoagulation (EC) is an efficient wastewater treatment technique that uses iron or aluminum electrodes to coagulate and adsorb pollutants. This work assesses the performance of EC for textile wastewater treatment to identify the best combination of pH (5-9), electrolysis time (20-60 min), and voltage (5-11 V) on Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and color removal. The results show that voltage and electrolysis time had a positive effect on the efficiencies of pollutant …

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