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Òpera, Diversitat, Inclusió: Una Reflexió A Partir D'Una Estrena A Nova York, Antoni Pizà Dec 2021

Òpera, Diversitat, Inclusió: Una Reflexió A Partir D'Una Estrena A Nova York, Antoni Pizà

Publications and Research

La inauguració de la temporada d’òpera a qualsevol ciutat important sol ser un gran esdeveniment i el Metropolitan Opera de Nova York (MET) no és cap excepció. És, lògicament, una nit de gala i tots els rituals de le grande monde es despleguen amb rigor litúrgic. Hi ha autoritats polítiques, naturalment, però sobretot lluminàries del món de les altes finances, la cultura i la ciència. Hi ha, també, sectors de la societat que no s’ho voldrien perdre per res del món: un petit univers d’estudiants de música tan ambiciosos com pobres i alguns grups com, el col·lectiu LGBTI+, molt discrets …

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A Safety Factor Approach To Designing Urban Infrastructure For Dynamic Conditions, Sanjib Sharma, Ben Seiyon Lee, Robert E. Nicholas, Klaus Keller Dec 2021

A Safety Factor Approach To Designing Urban Infrastructure For Dynamic Conditions, Sanjib Sharma, Ben Seiyon Lee, Robert E. Nicholas, Klaus Keller

Dartmouth Scholarship

Current approaches to design flood-sensitive infrastructure typically assume a stationary rainfall distribution and neglect many uncertainties. These assumptions are inconsistent with observations that suggest intensifying extreme precipitation events and the uncertainties surrounding projections of the coupled natural-human systems. Here we demonstrate a safety factor approach to designing urban infrastructure in a changing climate. Our results show that assuming climate stationarity and neglecting deep uncertainties can drastically underestimate flood risks and lead to poor infrastructure design choices. We find that climate uncertainty dominates the socioeconomic and engineering uncertainties that impact the hydraulic reliability in stormwater drainage systems. We quantify the upfront …

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Γδ T Cell Ifnγ Production Is Directly Subverted By Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis Outer Protein Yopj In Mice And Humans, Timothy H. Chu, Camille Khairallah, Jason Shieh, Rhea Cho, Zhijuan Qiu, Yue Zhang, Onur Eskiocak, David G. Thanassi, Mark H. Kaplan, Semir Beyaz, Vincent W. Yang, James B. Bliska, Brian S. Sheridan Dec 2021

Γδ T Cell Ifnγ Production Is Directly Subverted By Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis Outer Protein Yopj In Mice And Humans, Timothy H. Chu, Camille Khairallah, Jason Shieh, Rhea Cho, Zhijuan Qiu, Yue Zhang, Onur Eskiocak, David G. Thanassi, Mark H. Kaplan, Semir Beyaz, Vincent W. Yang, James B. Bliska, Brian S. Sheridan

Dartmouth Scholarship

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is a foodborne pathogen that subverts immune function by translocation of Yersinia outer protein (Yop) effectors into host cells. As adaptive γδ T cells protect the intestinal mucosa from pathogen invasion, we assessed whether Y. pseudotuberculosis subverts these cells in mice and humans. Tracking Yop translocation revealed that the preferential delivery of Yop effectors directly into murine Vγ4 and human Vδ2+ T cells inhibited anti-microbial IFNγ production. Subversion was mediated by the adhesin YadA, injectisome component YopB, and translocated YopJ effector. A broad anti-pathogen gene signature and STAT4 phosphorylation levels were inhibited by translocated YopJ. Thus, Y. pseudotuberculosis …

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Associations Between Postpartum Depression And Assistance With Household Tasks And Childcare During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Evidence From American Mothers, Theresa E. Gildner, Glorieuse Uwizeye, Rebecca L. Milner, Grace C. Alston, Zaneta M. Thayer Dec 2021

Associations Between Postpartum Depression And Assistance With Household Tasks And Childcare During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Evidence From American Mothers, Theresa E. Gildner, Glorieuse Uwizeye, Rebecca L. Milner, Grace C. Alston, Zaneta M. Thayer

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: The early postpartum period is recognized cross-culturally as being important for recovery, with new parents receiving increased levels of community support. However, COVID-19-related lockdown measures may have disrupted these support systems, with possible implications for mental health. Here, we use a cross-sectional analysis among individuals who gave birth at different stages of the pandemic to test (i) if instrumental support access in the form of help with household tasks, newborn care, and care for older children has varied temporally across the pandemic, and (ii) whether access to these forms of instrumental support is associated with lower postpartum depression scores. …

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Integrating Satellite, Uav, And Ground-Based Remote Sensing In Archaeology: An Exploration Of Pre-Modern Land Use In Northeastern Iraq, Elise Jakoby Laugier, Jesse Casana Dec 2021

Integrating Satellite, Uav, And Ground-Based Remote Sensing In Archaeology: An Exploration Of Pre-Modern Land Use In Northeastern Iraq, Elise Jakoby Laugier, Jesse Casana

Dartmouth Scholarship

Satellite remote sensing is well demonstrated to be a powerful tool for investigating ancient land use in Southwest Asia. However, few regional studies have systematically integrated satellite-based observations with more intensive remote sensing technologies, such as drone-deployed multispectral sensors and ground-based geophysics, to explore off-site areas. Here, we integrate remote sensing data from a variety of sources and scales including historic aerial photographs, modern satellite imagery, drone-deployed sensors, and ground-based geophysics to explore pre-modern land use along the Upper Diyala/Sirwan River in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Our analysis reveals an incredible diversity of land use features, including canals, qanats, …

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Maternal Depression Trajectories And Child Bmi In A Multi-Ethnic Sample: A Latent Growth Modeling Analysis, Charlotte V. Farewell, Ryley Donohoe, Zaneta Thayer, James Paulson, Jacinda Nicklas, Caroline Walker, Karen Waldie, Jenn A. Leiferman Dec 2021

Maternal Depression Trajectories And Child Bmi In A Multi-Ethnic Sample: A Latent Growth Modeling Analysis, Charlotte V. Farewell, Ryley Donohoe, Zaneta Thayer, James Paulson, Jacinda Nicklas, Caroline Walker, Karen Waldie, Jenn A. Leiferman

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: Perinatal (antenatal and postpartum) depression impacts approximately 12% of mothers. Perinatal depression can impact everyday functioning for mothers, and the relationship with, and development of, their children. The purpose of this study was to investigate depression trajectories from the antenatal period through 54-months postpartum and associations with child body mass index at 54-months postpartum. Methods: This study applied latent growth modeling to the Growing Up in New Zealand study, which is a longitudinal pregnancy cohort study that provides nationally representative-level data, to investigate associations between depression at three time points (antenatal, 9-months postpartum, 54-months postpartum) and child body mass …

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Ct For Estimating Adequacy Of Lymph Node Dissection In Patients With Squamous Cell Carcinoma Of The Head And Neck, Christiaan A. Rees, Joshua H. Litchman, Xiaotian Wu, Mariah M. Servos, Darcy A. Kerr, Ryan J. Halter, David A. Pastel, Joseph A. Paydarfar Dec 2021

Ct For Estimating Adequacy Of Lymph Node Dissection In Patients With Squamous Cell Carcinoma Of The Head And Neck, Christiaan A. Rees, Joshua H. Litchman, Xiaotian Wu, Mariah M. Servos, Darcy A. Kerr, Ryan J. Halter, David A. Pastel, Joseph A. Paydarfar

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: Indices obtained from lymph node dissection specimens, specifically lymph node yield (LNY) and lymph node ratio (LNR), have prognostic significance in the setting of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCCa). However, there are currently no validated tools to estimate adequacy of planned lymph node dissection using preoperative data. The present study sought to evaluate CT-derived estimates of lymphatic tissue volumes as a preoperative tool to guide cervical node dissection. Methods: Fifteen cervical lymph node dissections were performed in 14 subjects with HNSCCa. Preoperative CT-derived estimates of lymphatic tissue volumes were compared with gross pathology tissue volume estimates and …

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A Distributed Fmri-Based Signature For The Subjective Experience Of Fear, Feng Zhou, Weihua Zhao, Ziyu Qi, Yayuan Geng, Shuxia Yao, Keith M. Kendrick, Tor D. Wager, Benjamin Becker Dec 2021

A Distributed Fmri-Based Signature For The Subjective Experience Of Fear, Feng Zhou, Weihua Zhao, Ziyu Qi, Yayuan Geng, Shuxia Yao, Keith M. Kendrick, Tor D. Wager, Benjamin Becker

Dartmouth Scholarship

The specific neural systems underlying the subjective feeling of fear are debated in affective neuroscience. Here, we combine functional MRI with machine learning to identify and evaluate a sensitive and generalizable neural signature predictive of the momentary self-reported subjective fear experience across discovery (n = 67), validation (n = 20) and generalization (n = 31) cohorts. We systematically demonstrate that accurate fear prediction crucially requires distributed brain systems, with important contributions from cortical (e.g., prefrontal, midcingulate and insular cortices) and subcortical (e.g., thalamus, periaqueductal gray, basal forebrain and amygdala) regions. We further demonstrate that the neural representation of subjective fear …

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Spectral Analysis Of Climate Dynamics With Operator-Theoretic Approaches, Gary Froyland, Dimitrios Giannakis, Benjamin R. Lintner, Maxwell Pike, Joanna Slawinska Dec 2021

Spectral Analysis Of Climate Dynamics With Operator-Theoretic Approaches, Gary Froyland, Dimitrios Giannakis, Benjamin R. Lintner, Maxwell Pike, Joanna Slawinska

Dartmouth Scholarship

The Earth’s climate system is a classical example of a multiscale, multiphysics dynamical system with an extremely large number of active degrees of freedom, exhibiting variability on scales ranging from micrometers and seconds in cloud microphysics, to thousands of kilometers and centuries in ocean dynamics. Yet, despite this dynamical complexity, climate dynamics is known to exhibit coherent modes of variability. A primary example is the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the dominant mode of interannual (3–5 yr) variability in the climate system. The objective and robust characterization of this and other important phenomena presents a long-standing challenge in Earth system …

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Color Cherenkov Imaging Of Clinical Radiation Therapy, Daniel A. Alexander, Anthony Nomezine, Lesley A. Jarvis, David J. Gladstone, Brian W. Pogue, Petr Bruza Dec 2021

Color Cherenkov Imaging Of Clinical Radiation Therapy, Daniel A. Alexander, Anthony Nomezine, Lesley A. Jarvis, David J. Gladstone, Brian W. Pogue, Petr Bruza

Dartmouth Scholarship

Color vision is used throughout medicine to interpret the health and status of tissue. Ionizing radiation used in radiation therapy produces broadband white light inside tissue through the Cherenkov effect, and this light is attenuated by tissue features as it leaves the body. In this study, a novel time-gated three-channel camera was developed for the first time and was used to image color Cherenkov emission coming from patients during treatment. The spectral content was interpreted by comparison with imaging calibrated tissue phantoms. Color shades of Cherenkov emission in radiotherapy can be used to interpret tissue blood volume, oxygen saturation and …

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Developing Diagnostic Assessment Of Breast Lumpectomy Tissues Using Radiomic And Optical Signatures, Samuel S. Streeter, Brady Hunt, Rebecca A. Zuurbier, Wendy A. Wells, Keith D. Paulsen, Brian W. Pogue Dec 2021

Developing Diagnostic Assessment Of Breast Lumpectomy Tissues Using Radiomic And Optical Signatures, Samuel S. Streeter, Brady Hunt, Rebecca A. Zuurbier, Wendy A. Wells, Keith D. Paulsen, Brian W. Pogue

Dartmouth Scholarship

High positive margin rates in oncologic breast-conserving surgery are a pressing clinical problem. Volumetric X-ray scanning is emerging as a powerful ex vivo specimen imaging technique for analyzing resection margins, but X-rays lack contrast between non-malignant and malignant fibrous tissues. In this study, combined micro-CT and wide-field optical image radiomics were developed to classify malignancy of breast cancer tissues, demonstrating that X-ray/optical radiomics improve malignancy classification. Ninety-two standardized features were extracted from co-registered micro-CT and optical spatial frequency domain imaging samples extracted from 54 breast tumors exhibiting seven tissue subtypes confirmed by microscopic histological analysis. Multimodal feature sets improved classification …

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Diverse Antiviral Igg Effector Activities Are Predicted By Unique Biophysical Antibody Features, Hao D. Cheng, Karen G. Dowell, Chris Bailey-Kellogg, Brittany A. Goods, J. Christopher Love, Guido Ferrari, Galit Alter, Johannes Gach, Donald N. Forthal, George K. Lewis, Kelli Greene, Hongmei Gao, David C. Montefiori, Margaret E. Ackerman Dec 2021

Diverse Antiviral Igg Effector Activities Are Predicted By Unique Biophysical Antibody Features, Hao D. Cheng, Karen G. Dowell, Chris Bailey-Kellogg, Brittany A. Goods, J. Christopher Love, Guido Ferrari, Galit Alter, Johannes Gach, Donald N. Forthal, George K. Lewis, Kelli Greene, Hongmei Gao, David C. Montefiori, Margaret E. Ackerman

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: The critical role of antibody Fc-mediated effector functions in immune defense has been widely reported in various viral infections. These effector functions confer cellular responses through engagement with innate immune cells. The precise mechanism(s) by which immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc domain and cognate receptors may afford protection are poorly understood, however, in the context of HIV/SHIV infections. Many different in vitro assays have been developed and utilized to measure effector functions, but the extent to which these assays capture distinct antibody activities has not been fully elucidated. Results: In this study, six Fc-mediated effector function assays and two biophysical …

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Entropy-Based Metrics For Predicting Choice Behavior Based On Local Response To Reward, Ethan Trepka, Mehran Spitmaan, Bilal A. Bari, Vincent D. Costa, Jeremiah Y. Cohen, Alireza Soltani Dec 2021

Entropy-Based Metrics For Predicting Choice Behavior Based On Local Response To Reward, Ethan Trepka, Mehran Spitmaan, Bilal A. Bari, Vincent D. Costa, Jeremiah Y. Cohen, Alireza Soltani

Dartmouth Scholarship

For decades, behavioral scientists have used the matching law to quantify how animals distribute their choices between multiple options in response to reinforcement they receive. More recently, many reinforcement learning (RL) models have been developed to explain choice by integrating reward feedback over time. Despite reasonable success of RL models in capturing choice on a trial-by-trial basis, these models cannot capture variability in matching behavior. To address this, we developed metrics based on information theory and applied them to choice data from dynamic learning tasks in mice and monkeys. We found that a single entropy-based metric can explain 50% and …

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Location Of Studies And Evidence Of Effects Of Herbivory On Arctic Vegetation: A Systematic Map, E. M. Soininen, I. C. Barrio, R. Bjørkås, K. Björnsdóttir, D. Ehrich, K. A. Hopping, E. Kaarlejärvi, A. L. Kolstad, S. Abdulmanova, R. G. Björk, C. G. Bueno, I. Eischeid, R. Finger-Higgens, J. S. Forbey, C. Gignac, O. Gilg, M. Den Herder, H. S. Holm, B. C. Hwang, J. U. Jepsen Dec 2021

Location Of Studies And Evidence Of Effects Of Herbivory On Arctic Vegetation: A Systematic Map, E. M. Soininen, I. C. Barrio, R. Bjørkås, K. Björnsdóttir, D. Ehrich, K. A. Hopping, E. Kaarlejärvi, A. L. Kolstad, S. Abdulmanova, R. G. Björk, C. G. Bueno, I. Eischeid, R. Finger-Higgens, J. S. Forbey, C. Gignac, O. Gilg, M. Den Herder, H. S. Holm, B. C. Hwang, J. U. Jepsen

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: Herbivores modify the structure and function of tundra ecosystems. Understanding their impacts is necessary to assess the responses of these ecosystems to ongoing environmental changes. However, the effects of herbivores on plants and ecosystem structure and function vary across the Arctic. Strong spatial variation in herbivore effects implies that the results of individual studies on herbivory depend on local conditions, i.e., their ecological context. An important first step in assessing whether generalizable conclusions can be produced is to identify the existing studies and assess how well they cover the underlying environmental conditions across the Arctic. This systematic map aims …

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A Complex Of Brca2 And Pp2a-B56 Is Required For Dna Repair By Homologous Recombination, Sara M. Ambjørn, Julien P. Duxin, Emil P.T. Hertz, Isha Nasa, Joana Duro, Thomas Kruse, Blanca Lopez-Mendez, Beata Rymarczyk, Lauren E. Cressey, Thomas Van Overeem Hansen, Arminja N. Kettenbach, Vibe H. Oestergaard, Michael Lisby, Jakob Nilsson Dec 2021

A Complex Of Brca2 And Pp2a-B56 Is Required For Dna Repair By Homologous Recombination, Sara M. Ambjørn, Julien P. Duxin, Emil P.T. Hertz, Isha Nasa, Joana Duro, Thomas Kruse, Blanca Lopez-Mendez, Beata Rymarczyk, Lauren E. Cressey, Thomas Van Overeem Hansen, Arminja N. Kettenbach, Vibe H. Oestergaard, Michael Lisby, Jakob Nilsson

Dartmouth Scholarship

Mutations in the tumour suppressor gene BRCA2 are associated with predisposition to breast and ovarian cancers. BRCA2 has a central role in maintaining genome integrity by facilitating the repair of toxic DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by homologous recombination (HR). BRCA2 acts by controlling RAD51 nucleoprotein filament formation on resected single-stranded DNA, but how BRCA2 activity is regulated during HR is not fully understood. Here, we delineate a pathway where ATM and ATR kinases phosphorylate a highly conserved region in BRCA2 in response to DSBs. These phosphorylations stimulate the binding of the protein phosphatase PP2A-B56 to BRCA2 through a conserved binding …

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High-Level Cognition During Story Listening Is Reflected In High-Order Dynamic Correlations In Neural Activity Patterns, Lucy L.W. Owen, Thomas H. Chang, Jeremy R. Manning Dec 2021

High-Level Cognition During Story Listening Is Reflected In High-Order Dynamic Correlations In Neural Activity Patterns, Lucy L.W. Owen, Thomas H. Chang, Jeremy R. Manning

Dartmouth Scholarship

Our thoughts arise from coordinated patterns of interactions between brain structures that change with our ongoing experiences. High-order dynamic correlations in neural activity patterns reflect different subgraphs of the brain’s functional connectome that display homologous lower-level dynamic correlations. Here we test the hypothesis that high-level cognition is reflected in high-order dynamic correlations in brain activity patterns. We develop an approach to estimating high-order dynamic correlations in timeseries data, and we apply the approach to neuroimaging data collected as human participants either listen to a ten-minute story or listen to a temporally scrambled version of the story. We train across-participant pattern …

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Small Cell Carcinoma Presenting As A Biatrial Mass With Obstructive Physiology: A Case Report, Sara Ratican, Soomin Shin, John Moretto Dec 2021

Small Cell Carcinoma Presenting As A Biatrial Mass With Obstructive Physiology: A Case Report, Sara Ratican, Soomin Shin, John Moretto

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: Small cell carcinoma is a highly aggressive and often fatal cancer that most commonly arises in the lung, although it can occasionally arise from other sites, such as the gastrointestinal tract, prostate or cervix. Cardiac involvement, however, is extremely uncommon and therefore has been poorly documented in the literature. Case presentation: We describe a rare case of a 31-year-old male with small cell carcinoma presenting as a massive, 15-cm cardiac tumor invading the bilateral atria, interatrial septum, and pericardium without an apparent primary malignancy on PET CT and cardiac MRI. With extensive tissue necrosis, traditional methods of obtaining a …

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Visualizing Temperature-Dependent Phase Stability In High Entropy Alloys, Daniel Evans, Jiadong Chen, George Bokas, Wei Chen, Geoffroy Hautier, Wenhao Sun Dec 2021

Visualizing Temperature-Dependent Phase Stability In High Entropy Alloys, Daniel Evans, Jiadong Chen, George Bokas, Wei Chen, Geoffroy Hautier, Wenhao Sun

Dartmouth Scholarship

High entropy alloys (HEAs) contain near equimolar amounts of five or more elements and are a compelling space for materials design. In the design of HEAs, great emphasis is placed on identifying thermodynamic conditions for single-phase and multi-phase stability regions, but this process is hindered by the difficulty of navigating stability relationships in high-component spaces. Traditional phase diagrams use barycentric coordinates to represent composition axes, which require (N – 1) spatial dimensions to represent an N-component system, meaning that HEA systems with N > 4 components cannot be readily visualized. Here, we propose forgoing barycentric composition axes in favor of two …

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Pan-Cancer Evaluation Of Gene Expression And Somatic Alteration Data For Cancer Prognosis Prediction, Xingyu Zheng, Christopher I. Amos, H. Robert Frost Dec 2021

Pan-Cancer Evaluation Of Gene Expression And Somatic Alteration Data For Cancer Prognosis Prediction, Xingyu Zheng, Christopher I. Amos, H. Robert Frost

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: Over the past decades, approaches for diagnosing and treating cancer have seen significant improvement. However, the variability of patient and tumor characteristics has limited progress on methods for prognosis prediction. The development of high-throughput omics technologies now provides multiple approaches for characterizing tumors. Although a large number of published studies have focused on integration of multi-omics data and use of pathway-level models for cancer prognosis prediction, there still exists a gap of knowledge regarding the prognostic landscape across multi-omics data for multiple cancer types using both gene-level and pathway-level predictors. Methods: In this study, we systematically evaluated three often …

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Musical Components Important For The Mozart K448 Effect In Epilepsy, Robert J. Quon, Michael A. Casey, Edward J. Camp, Stephen Meisenhelter, Sarah A. Steimel, Yinchen Song, Markus E. Testorf, Grace A. Leslie, Krzysztof A. Bujarski, Alan B. Ettinger, Barbara C. Jobst Dec 2021

Musical Components Important For The Mozart K448 Effect In Epilepsy, Robert J. Quon, Michael A. Casey, Edward J. Camp, Stephen Meisenhelter, Sarah A. Steimel, Yinchen Song, Markus E. Testorf, Grace A. Leslie, Krzysztof A. Bujarski, Alan B. Ettinger, Barbara C. Jobst

Dartmouth Scholarship

There is growing evidence for the efficacy of music, specifically Mozart’s Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major (K448), at reducing ictal and interictal epileptiform activity. Nonetheless, little is known about the mechanism underlying this beneficial “Mozart K448 effect” for persons with epilepsy. Here, we measured the influence that K448 had on intracranial interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) in sixteen subjects undergoing intracranial monitoring for refractory focal epilepsy. We found reduced IEDs during the original version of K448 after at least 30-s of exposure. Nonsignificant IED rate reductions were witnessed in all brain regions apart from the bilateral frontal cortices, where …

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Dna 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine In Pediatric Central Nervous System Tumors May Impact Tumor Classification And Is A Positive Prognostic Marker, Nasim Azizgolshani, Curtis L. Petersen, Youdinghuan Chen, Joshua J. Levy, Lucas A. Salas, Laurent Perreard, Lananh N. Nguyen, Brock C. Christensen Dec 2021

Dna 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine In Pediatric Central Nervous System Tumors May Impact Tumor Classification And Is A Positive Prognostic Marker, Nasim Azizgolshani, Curtis L. Petersen, Youdinghuan Chen, Joshua J. Levy, Lucas A. Salas, Laurent Perreard, Lananh N. Nguyen, Brock C. Christensen

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: Nucleotide-specific 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) remains understudied in pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors. 5hmC is abundant in the brain, and alterations to 5hmC in adult CNS tumors have been reported. However, traditional approaches to measure DNA methylation do not distinguish between 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and its oxidized counterpart 5hmC, including those used to build CNS tumor DNA methylation classification systems. We measured 5hmC and 5mC epigenome-wide at nucleotide resolution in glioma, ependymoma, and embryonal tumors from children, as well as control pediatric brain tissues using tandem bisulfite and oxidative bisulfite treatments followed by hybridization to the Illumina Methylation EPIC Array that …

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Cis-Platin Increases Immune Activity Of Monocytes And Cytotoxic T-Cells In A Murine Model Of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer, Daniel Hopkins, Hector Sanchez, Brent Berwin Phd, Ivy Wilkinson Ryan Md Dec 2021

Cis-Platin Increases Immune Activity Of Monocytes And Cytotoxic T-Cells In A Murine Model Of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer, Daniel Hopkins, Hector Sanchez, Brent Berwin Phd, Ivy Wilkinson Ryan Md

Dartmouth Scholarship

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is an immunologically active malignancy, but thus far immune therapy has had limited success in clinical trials. One barrier to implementation of efficacious immune therapies is a lack of knowledge of the effect of chemotherapy on the monocyte-derived component of the immune infiltrate within the tumor. We utilized the ID8 murine EOC model to investigate alterations within tumor ascites that occur following administration of platinum chemotherapy. Cisplatin treatment resulted in a significant increase in monocytes within the ascites of tumor bearing mice. We identified that CD11b+ cells from the ascites of mice that have been treated …

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The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Component, Cereblon, Is An Evolutionarily Conserved Regulator Of Wnt Signaling, Chen Shen, Anmada Nayak, Leif R. Neitzel, Amber A. Adams, Maya Silver-Isenstadt, Leah M. Sawyer, Hassina Benchabane, Huilan Wang, Nawat Bunnag, Bin Li, Daniel T. Wynn, Fan Yang, Marta Garcia-Contreras, Charles H. Williams, Sivanesan Dakshanamurthy, Charles C. Hong, Nagi G. Ayad, Anthony J. Capobianco, Yashi Ahmed, Ethan Lee Dec 2021

The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Component, Cereblon, Is An Evolutionarily Conserved Regulator Of Wnt Signaling, Chen Shen, Anmada Nayak, Leif R. Neitzel, Amber A. Adams, Maya Silver-Isenstadt, Leah M. Sawyer, Hassina Benchabane, Huilan Wang, Nawat Bunnag, Bin Li, Daniel T. Wynn, Fan Yang, Marta Garcia-Contreras, Charles H. Williams, Sivanesan Dakshanamurthy, Charles C. Hong, Nagi G. Ayad, Anthony J. Capobianco, Yashi Ahmed, Ethan Lee

Dartmouth Scholarship

Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) are important for the treatment of multiple myeloma and myelodysplastic syndrome. Binding of IMiDs to Cereblon (CRBN), the substrate receptor of the CRL4CRBN E3 ubiquitin ligase, induces cancer cell death by targeting key neo-substrates for degradation. Despite this clinical significance, the physiological regulation of CRBN remains largely unknown. Herein we demonstrate that Wnt, the extracellular ligand of an essential signal transduction pathway, promotes the CRBN-dependent degradation of a subset of proteins. These substrates include Casein kinase 1α (CK1α), a negative regulator of Wnt signaling that functions as a key component of the β-Catenin destruction complex. Wnt stimulation …

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Associations Between The Gut Microbiome And Metabolome In Early Life, Quang P. Nguyen, Margaret R. Karagas, Juliette C. Madan, Erika Dade, Thomas J. Palys, Hilary G. Morrison, Wimal W. Pathmasiri, Susan Mcritche, Susan J. Sumner, H. Robert Frost, Anne G. Hoen Dec 2021

Associations Between The Gut Microbiome And Metabolome In Early Life, Quang P. Nguyen, Margaret R. Karagas, Juliette C. Madan, Erika Dade, Thomas J. Palys, Hilary G. Morrison, Wimal W. Pathmasiri, Susan Mcritche, Susan J. Sumner, H. Robert Frost, Anne G. Hoen

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: The infant intestinal microbiome plays an important role in metabolism and immune development with impacts on lifelong health. The linkage between the taxonomic composition of the microbiome and its metabolic phenotype is undefined and complicated by redundancies in the taxon-function relationship within microbial communities. To inform a more mechanistic understanding of the relationship between the microbiome and health, we performed an integrative statistical and machine learning-based analysis of microbe taxonomic structure and metabolic function in order to characterize the taxa-function relationship in early life. Results: Stool samples collected from infants enrolled in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study (NHBCS) …

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Optimade, An Api For Exchanging Materials Data, Casper W. Andersen, Rickard Armiento, Evgeny Blokhin, Gareth J. Conduit, Shyam Dwaraknath, Matthew L. Evans, Ádám Fekete, Abhijith Gopakumar, Saulius Gražulis, Andrius Merkys, Fawzi Mohamed, Corey Oses, Giovanni Pizzi, Gian Marco Rignanese, Markus Scheidgen, Leopold Talirz, Cormac Toher, Donald Winston, Rossella Aversa, Kamal Choudhary Dec 2021

Optimade, An Api For Exchanging Materials Data, Casper W. Andersen, Rickard Armiento, Evgeny Blokhin, Gareth J. Conduit, Shyam Dwaraknath, Matthew L. Evans, Ádám Fekete, Abhijith Gopakumar, Saulius Gražulis, Andrius Merkys, Fawzi Mohamed, Corey Oses, Giovanni Pizzi, Gian Marco Rignanese, Markus Scheidgen, Leopold Talirz, Cormac Toher, Donald Winston, Rossella Aversa, Kamal Choudhary

Dartmouth Scholarship

The Open Databases Integration for Materials Design (OPTIMADE) consortium has designed a universal application programming interface (API) to make materials databases accessible and interoperable. We outline the first stable release of the specification, v1.0, which is already supported by many leading databases and several software packages. We illustrate the advantages of the OPTIMADE API through worked examples on each of the public materials databases that support the full API specification.

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Plasma-Borne Indicators Of Inflammasome Activity In Parkinson’S Disease Patients, Faith L. Anderson, Katharine M. Von Herrmann, Angeline S. Andrew, Yuliya I. Kuras, Alison L. Young, Clemens R. Scherzer, William F. Hickey, Stephen L. Lee, Matthew C. Havrda Dec 2021

Plasma-Borne Indicators Of Inflammasome Activity In Parkinson’S Disease Patients, Faith L. Anderson, Katharine M. Von Herrmann, Angeline S. Andrew, Yuliya I. Kuras, Alison L. Young, Clemens R. Scherzer, William F. Hickey, Stephen L. Lee, Matthew C. Havrda

Dartmouth Scholarship

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms and loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra. Inflammation and cell death are recognized aspects of PD suggesting that strategies to monitor and modify these processes may improve the management of the disease. Inflammasomes are pro-inflammatory intracellular pattern recognition complexes that couple these processes. The NLRP3 inflammasome responds to sterile triggers to initiate pro-inflammatory processes characterized by maturation of inflammatory cytokines, cytoplasmic membrane pore formation, vesicular shedding, and if unresolved, pyroptotic cell death. Histologic analysis of tissues from PD patients and individuals with nigral cell loss …

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Coculture With Hemicellulose-Fermenting Microbes Reverses Inhibition Of Corn Fiber Solubilization By Clostridium Thermocellum At Elevated Solids Loadings, Dhananjay Beri, Christopher D. Herring, Sofie Blahova, Suresh Poudel, Richard J. Giannone, Robert L. Hettich, Lee R. Lynd Dec 2021

Coculture With Hemicellulose-Fermenting Microbes Reverses Inhibition Of Corn Fiber Solubilization By Clostridium Thermocellum At Elevated Solids Loadings, Dhananjay Beri, Christopher D. Herring, Sofie Blahova, Suresh Poudel, Richard J. Giannone, Robert L. Hettich, Lee R. Lynd

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: The cellulolytic thermophile Clostridium thermocellum is an important biocatalyst due to its ability to solubilize lignocellulosic feedstocks without the need for pretreatment or exogenous enzyme addition. At low concentrations of substrate, C. thermocellum can solubilize corn fiber > 95% in 5 days, but solubilization declines markedly at substrate concentrations higher than 20 g/L. This differs for model cellulose like Avicel, on which the maximum solubilization rate increases in proportion to substrate concentration. The goal of this study was to examine fermentation at increasing corn fiber concentrations and investigate possible reasons for declining performance. Results: The rate of growth of C. …

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Breath Can Discriminate Tuberculosis From Other Lower Respiratory Illness In Children, Carly A. Bobak, Lili Kang, Lesley Workman, Lindy Bateman, Mohammad S. Khan, Margaretha Prins, Lloyd May, Flavio A. Franchina, Cynthia Baard, Mark P. Nicol, Heather J. Zar, Jane E. Hill Dec 2021

Breath Can Discriminate Tuberculosis From Other Lower Respiratory Illness In Children, Carly A. Bobak, Lili Kang, Lesley Workman, Lindy Bateman, Mohammad S. Khan, Margaretha Prins, Lloyd May, Flavio A. Franchina, Cynthia Baard, Mark P. Nicol, Heather J. Zar, Jane E. Hill

Dartmouth Scholarship

Pediatric tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health crisis. Despite progress, pediatric patients remain difficult to diagnose, with approximately half of all childhood TB patients lacking bacterial confirmation. In this pilot study (n = 31), we identify a 4-compound breathprint and subsequent machine learning model that accurately classifies children with confirmed TB (n = 10) from children with another lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) (n = 10) with a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 100% observed across cross validation folds. Importantly, we demonstrate that the breathprint identified an additional nine of eleven patients who had unconfirmed clinical TB and whose …

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Healing Through History: A Qualitative Evaluation Of A Social Medicine Consultation Curriculum For Internal Medicine Residents, Joel Bradley, David Styren, Abigail Laplante, John Howe, Sienna R. Craig, Emily Cohen Dec 2021

Healing Through History: A Qualitative Evaluation Of A Social Medicine Consultation Curriculum For Internal Medicine Residents, Joel Bradley, David Styren, Abigail Laplante, John Howe, Sienna R. Craig, Emily Cohen

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: Social context guides care; stories sustain meaning; neither is routinely prioritized in residency training. Healing Through History (HTH) is a social medicine consultation curriculum integrating social determinants of health narrative into clinical care for medically and socially complex patients. The curriculum is part of an internal medicine (IM) residency outpatient clinical rotation at a Veterans Health Administration hospital. Our aim was to explore how in-depth social medicine consultations may impact resident clinical practice and foster meaning in work. Methods: From 2017 to 2019, 49 categorical and preliminary residents in their first year of IM training were given two half-day …

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Elitism In Mathematics And Inequality, Ho-Chun Herbert Chang, Feng Fu Dec 2021

Elitism In Mathematics And Inequality, Ho-Chun Herbert Chang, Feng Fu

Dartmouth Scholarship

The Fields Medal, often referred as the Nobel Prize of mathematics, is awarded to no more than four mathematicians under the age of 40, every 4 years. In recent years, its conferral has come under scrutiny of math historians, for rewarding the existing elite rather than its original goal of elevating under-represented mathematicians. Prior studies of elitism focus on citational practices while a characterization of the structural forces that prevent access remain unclear. Here we show the flow of elite mathematicians between countries and lingo-ethnic identity, using network analysis and natural language processing on 240,000 mathematicians and their advisor–advisee relationships. …

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