Digital Commons Network^™

A Review Of Thermal Impact Of Surface Acoustic Waves On Microlitre Droplets In Medical Applications, Mubbashar Mehmood, Umar F. Khan, Ali O.M. Maka, Javed Akhter, Tariq Nawaz Chaudhary, Faisal Masood, Sameer Ahmad Hasan, Yeaw Chu Lee

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

The surface acoustic waves (SAW) propagate inside the microdroplets resulting in kinetic and thermal impacts. The kinetic drives fluid particles inside the droplet while thermal impact increases the liquid’s temperature. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the research investigations related to internal kinetics and heating inside the microdroplet caused by the acoustic waves. The main factors that affect the kinetics and convection heat transfer are the piezoelectric materials, shape of the interdigital transducer (IDT) and mode of acoustic waves. Internal streaming (kinetic) leads to particle mixing, particle manipulation, cell sorting, cell patterning, cell separation, measuring the concentration of immunoglobulin …

Xandar: A Holistic Cybersecurity Engineering Process For Safety-Critical And Cyber-Physical Systems, Fahad Siddiqui, Rafiullah Khan, Sakir Sezer, Kieran Mclaughlin, Leonard Masing, Tobias Dorr, Florian Schade, Jurgen Becker, Alexander Ahlbrecht, Wanja Zaeske, Umut Durak, Nico Adler, Andreas Sailer, Raphael Weber, Thomas Wilhelm, Geza Nemeth, Victor Morales, Paco Gomez, Georgios Keramidas, Cp Antonopoulos, Michail Mavropoulos, Vasilios Kelefouras, K Antonopoulos, Nikolaos Voros, Christos Panagiotou, Dimitris Karadimas

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

The integration of connected and autonomous technologies in safety-critical and cyber-physical systems offers great potential in the vital application domains of transportation, manufacturing and aerospace. These technological advancements are necessary to meet the increasing demand for intelligent services, as they open doors to new business models by analysing and sharing the generated data. However, where this sharing of mix-critical data and broader connectivity brings opportunities, it simultaneously presents serious cybersecurity and safety risks due to the cyber-physical nature of these systems. Hence, delivering these intelligent services securely, safely, and reliably to its consumers is a complex engineering and design problem. …

Exploring The Effect Of Implementing Affordable Socially Assistive Pet Robots In Eight Care Homes Before And During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Stratified Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial And Mixed-Method Study., Hannah Bradwell, Katie Edwards, Rhona Winnington, Serge Thill, Victoria Allgar, Ray Jones

School of Nursing and Midwifery

Abstract Background Robot pets may assist towards challenges of supporting an aging population with growing dementia prevalence. Prior work focused on impacts of robot seal Paro on older adult wellbeing, but recent studies suggest good acceptability and implementation feasibility of more affordable devices (Joy for All (JfA) cats and dogs), yet effectiveness research was limited. Methods We conducted an eight-month, stratified, cluster randomised controlled trial, in eight care homes in Cornwall, UK. Over four months, four care homes each received two JfA devices (one cat and dog), and four homes received care as usual (intervention and control group). Psychometrics were …

Green Synthesis Of Silver Nanoparticles From Heteropyxis Natalensis Leaf Extract And Their Potential Antibacterial Efficacy, Saiyuri D. Meer, Yougasphree Naidoo, Yaser H. Dewir, Johnson Lin, Hail Z. Rihan

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are sought after by many industries including food industries, heavy metal sensing, pharmaceutical, and textile. The present study reports on the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and theirs antibacterial activity using a methanolic leaf extract of Heteropyxis natalensis, a native South African medicinal tree. The synthesised particles were characterised by ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). A colour change of the reaction solution from yellow to brown preliminarily confirmed the presence of AgNPs, and a single absorbance peak at 422 nm, using …

A Faith For Today: Saving The Planet, Oystein S. Labianca

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Fool Me Once, Shame On You; Fool Me Twice, Shame On Me: The Long-Term Impact Of Arthur Andersen’S Demise On Partners’ Audit Quality*, Feng Guo, Ling Lei Lisic, Jeffrey Pittman, Timothy Seidel, Mi Zhou, Ying Zhou

Faculty Publications

Although recent evidence suggests that individual audit partners explain a substantial portion of the variation in audit quality proxies, much less is known about what determines an audit partner’s quality. Psychology and behavioral economics theories hold that an individual’s experiences can have enduring impacts on subsequent behavior. We examine whether auditors’ direct exposure to Arthur Andersen’s collapse has a long-term impact on the quality of their audits. Our evidence implies that audit partners who directly experienced Andersen’s demise impose stricter monitoring evident in their clients exhibiting a lower propensity for misstatements and small profits, and paying higher audit fees. Importantly, …

The Impact Of Managerial Discretion In Revenue Recognition: A Reexamination*, Linda A. Myers, Roy Schmardebeck, Timothy Seidel, Michael D. Stuart

Faculty Publications

Although the FASB and IASB conceptual frameworks identify relevance and faithful representation as the fundamental qualitative characteristics of useful information, prior research suggests that revenue recognition accounting standards that restrict managerial discretion resulted in improved faithful representation but reduced relevance. We use the adoption of Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2009-13 and ASU 2009-14 to examine the effects of increased managerial discretion to accelerate revenue recognition in multiple-deliverable arrangements; that is, transactions where vendors sell multiple products or services that are delivered at different points in time. We find that increased discretion results in an increase in the relevance of reported …

You Can't Get There From Here: The Influence Of An Audit Partner's Prior Non-Public Accounting Experience On Audit Outcomes*, Ling Lei Lisic, Jeffrey Pittman, Timothy Seidel, Aleksandra "Ally" B. Zimmerman

Faculty Publications

We examine the importance of audit partners' prior non-public accounting experience (hereafter, “industry experience”) to audit outcomes. We conducted 20 (nine) semi-structured interviews of audit partners with (without) industry experience. These interviews shed light on industry-experienced partners’ career path choices, perceptions of the challenges and benefits stemming from industry experience, and perceptions of how this experience influences their current audit work. Grounded in theory and the results of these interviews, we empirically examine using a unique hand-collected dataset whether audit partners with industry experience conduct higher quality and more efficient audits. Our evidence implies that industry experience is associated with …

Tax Boycotts, H. Scott Asay, Jacob Thornock, Jeffrey L. Hoopes, Jaron H. Wilde

Faculty Publications

To what extent do consumers boycott in response to corporate tax activities? Anecdotes suggest potential consumer backlash is a meaningful deterrent to corporate tax planning, and the tax literature has developed expectations that these boycotts happen. But empirical evidence on their existence and impact is limited. We undertake a comprehensive study to examine how consumers’ purchase behavior relates to corporate tax activities, triangulating across several designs, samples, and measures. First, we survey a representative sample of U.S. consumers to examine the reported relationship between corporate tax planning and consumer behavior; we find that consumers report that precisely zero have ever …

Double Trouble? Irs’S Attention To Financial Accounting Restatements, Zackery D. Fox, Ryan Wilson

Faculty Publications

We examine whether the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) uses public information to obtain qualitative signals regarding the quality of firms’ financial information or management integrity. Using the procurement of public information as a proxy for IRS attention, we test whether public signals of poor information quality (restatements) lead to an increase in IRS attention. To begin, we document that the IRS is both more likely and quicker to acquire public filings announcing a restatement than any other filing of the firm. Furthermore, we examine instances in which the IRS is more likely to learn of a restatement and find an …

Insights Into Nervous System Repair From The Fruit Fly, David Coupe, Torsten Bossing

Peninsula Medical School

Abstract Millions of people experience injury to the central nervous system (CNS) each year, many of whom are left permanently disabled, providing a challenging hurdle for the field of regenerative medicine. Repair of damage in the CNS occurs through a concerted effort of phagocytosis of debris, cell proliferation and differentiation to produce new neurons and glia, distal axon/dendrite degeneration, proximal axon/dendrite regeneration and axon re-enwrapment. In humans, regeneration is observed within the peripheral nervous system, while in the CNS injured axons exhibit limited ability to regenerate. This has also been described for the fruit fly Drosophila. Powerful genetic tools available …

A Framework For Phronetic Ldt Theory, Jason K. Mcdonald

Faculty Publications

My purpose in this chapter is to offer a reimagined view of theory in the field of learning design and technology (LDT). Instead of viewing theory as an external storehouse of knowledge, or a rule-like system for professionals to apply, in this framework theory is viewed as an orienting aid that supports practitioners as they refine their personal capacities for perception, discrimination, and judgment. Theory plays this orienting role as it offers insights into LDT-relevant practical knowledge, productive heuristics, points professionals towards opportunities to act, or identifies significant patterns and forms of excellence to which they can pay attention as …

Considering What Faculty Value When Working With Instructional Designers And Instructional Design Teams, Jason K. Mcdonald, Salma Elsayed-Ali, Kayla Bowman, Amy Allen Rogers

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this research was to study what university faculty valued when working with instructional designers and instructional design teams to develop educational simulations. We did this through a case study of three faculty, where we analyzed what they discussed among themselves or communicated to other team members about what mattered to them about their team relationships or the design processes they employed. We structured our case report around three thematic issues that expressed how our participants depicted good relationships and processes. Our report concludes with a discussion of how instructional designers could use our findings in their practice.

Introducing Undergraduates To Instructional Design In A Graduate Studio: An Experiential, Model-Centered Approach, Rebecca Stull Zundell, William Sowards, Scott L. Howell, Jason K. Mcdonald

Faculty Publications

This case study describes a combined graduate and undergraduate instructional design studio that introduced undergraduate students to instructional design in a multifaceted, holistic, and applied way. Reviewing the experience of the undergraduates in the course, this design case describes four learning interventions used to create this applied experience: (1) instructional design team projects—one non-profit and the other in higher education, (2) weekly seminars and biweekly training sessions from field experts, (3) an experiential out-of-state trip, and (4) weekly reflection journals. These studio-based learning interventions are presented within the context of the Experiential Learning Theory and Model-Centered Instruction. Overall, the course …

Increase Student Engagement In Online Writing Environments, Jonathan Balzotti, Jason K. Mcdonald, Kevin Haws, Amy Allen Rogers, Matthew J. Baker

Faculty Publications

This case study explores a type of educational simulation, an alternative reality game we call a playable case study (PCS), and how its use influenced student engagement in an online writing classroom. The goal of the simulation was to help students create professional communication artifacts and experience real-world professional communication situations. This article reports the effectiveness of the playable case study as a tool specifically for online writing instruction (OWI). The context of our research was a PCS called Microcore. Acting as interns for a company, students are asked to investigate a serious problem that occurs and present a solution …

Hinterlands To Cities: The Archaeology Of Northwest Mexico And Its Vecinos, Matthew C. Pailes, Michael T. Searcy

Faculty Publications

Tis approachable book is a comprehensive synthesis of Northwest Mexico from the US border to the Mesoamerican frontier. Filling a vital gap in the regional literature, it serves as an essential reference not only for those interested in the specific history of this area of Mexico but western North America writ large. A period-by-period review of approximately14,000 years reveals the dynamic connections that knitted together societies inhabiting the Sea of Cortez coast, the Sonoran and Chihuahuan deserts, and the Sierra Madre Occidental. Networks of interaction spanned these diverse ecological, topographical, and cultural terrains in the millennia following the demise of …

Fremont Smoke Mixtures: Botanical Analyses Of Pipes From Wolf Village, Goshen, Utah, Michael T. Searcy, Hannah Stefffensen, Scott Ure

Faculty Publications

Over several field seasons, ceramic and stone pipes were recovered from the Fremont site of Wolf Village (AD 1000-1100). Nine of the more complete pipes included residue and burned dottle that were analyzed for macrobotanical and microbotanical remains. Three were subjected to FTIR. These analyses represent the first Fremont pipes ever analyzed for botanical remains, and the results reported in this paper provide conclusions regarding possible smoke mixtures used by the Fremont. Contents of the pipes included remains of tobacco, plants from the Amaranthaceae family, maize fragments, grasses, and various fuel woods.

Redating Paquimé And The Convento Site Sixty Years After The Joint Casas Grandes Expedition In Northwestern Mexico, Samuel Jensen, Michael T. Searcy, Meradeth Snow

Faculty Publications

Debates continue regarding the rise of the Late Prehistoric (post-AD 1200) city of Paquimé in northwestern Chihuahua, Mexico. Unfortunately, the established chronology of the site was flawed due to incorrect interpretations of dendrochronological samples that lacked cutting dates (i.e., outer rings). While Dean and Ravesloot (1993) were able to determine this mistake through a reanalysis of the original chronological sequence, no attempts have been made to revise the chronology using new dates. This poster reports the results of new radiocarbon dates analyzed from samples of human remains found at Paquimé during the Joint Casas Grandes Expedition from 1958 to 1961. …

Assessing The Environmental And Economic Sustainability Of Functional Food Ingredient Production Process, Anushree Priyadarshini, Brijesh K. Tiwari, Gaurav Rajauria

Articles

Development and application of novel technologies in food processing is vital for ensuring the availability of adequate, safe, and convenient food with the desired quality and functional properties. Environmental and economic sustainability of technologies is essential prior to their application in the food processing sector. The objective of this research is to determine the environmental and economic feasibility of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) for recovering functional food ingredients from seaweed. Experimental data is used to conduct a life cycle assessment (LCA) to investigate the environmental performance with a functional unit (FU) of obtaining 1 g of extracted polyphenols, measured as gallic …

Application Of High-Intensity Ultrasound To Improve Food Processing Efficiency: A Review, Prasad Chavan, Pallavi Sharma, Sajeev Rattan Sharma, Tarsem Chand Mittal, Amit Jaiswal

Articles

The use of non-thermal processing technologies has grown in response to an ever-increasing demand for high-quality, convenient meals with natural taste and flavour that are free of chemical additions and preservatives. Food processing plays a crucial role in addressing food security issues by reducing loss and controlling spoilage. Among the several non-thermal processing methods, ultrasound technology has shown to be very beneficial. Ultrasound processing, whether used alone or in combination with other methods, improves food quality significantly and is thus considered beneficial. Cutting, freezing, drying, homogenization, foaming and defoaming, filtration, emulsification, and extraction are just a few of the applications …

Advances In Emerging Technologies For The Decontamination Of The Food Contact Surfaces, Shubham Sharma, Swarna Jaiswal, Brendan Duffy, Amit Jaiswal

Articles

Foodborne pathogens could be transferred to food from food contact surfaces contaminated by poor hygiene or biofilm formation. The food processing industry has various conditions favouring microbes' adherence, such as moisture, nutrients, and the microbial inoculums obtained from the raw material. The function of the ideal antimicrobial surface is preventing initial attachment of the microbes, killing the microbes or/and removing the dead bacteria. This review article provides detail about the challenges food industries are facing with respect to food contact materials. It also summarises the merits and demerits of several sanitizing methods developed for industrial use. Furthermore, it reviews the …

Methodological Considerations In Injury Burden Of Disease Studies Across Europe: A Systematic Literature Review, Periklis Charalampous, Elena Pallari, Vanessa Gorasso, Elena Von Der Lippe, Brecht Devleesschauwer, Sara M. Pires, Dietrich Plass, Jane Idavain, Che Henry Ngwa, Isabel Noguer, Alicia Padron-Monedero, Rodrigo Sarmiento, Marek Majdan, Balázs Ádám, Ala’A Alkerwi, Seila Cilovic-Lagarija, Benjamin Clarsen, Barbara Corso, Sarah Cuschieri, Keren Dopelt, Mary Economou, Florian Fischer, Alberto Freitas, Juan Manuel García-González, Federica Gazzelloni, Artemis Gkitakou, Hakan Gulmez, Paul Hynds, Gaetano Isola, Lea S. Jakobsen, Zubair Kabir, Katarzyna Kissimova-Skarbek, Ann Kristin Knudsen, Naime Meriç Konar, Carina Ladeira, Brian Lassen, Aaron Liew, Marjeta Majer, Enkeleint A. Mechili, Alibek Mereke Alibek Mereke, Lorenzo Monasta, Stefania Mondello, Joana Nazaré Morgado, Evangelia Nena, Edmond S. W. Ng, Vikram Niranjan, Iskra Alexandra Nola, Rónán O’Caoimh, Panagiotis Petrou, Vera Pinheiro, Miguel Reina Ortiz, Silvia Riva, Hanen Samouda, João Vasco Vasco Santos, Cornelia Melinda Adi Santoso, Milena Santric Milicevic, Dimitrios Skempes, Ana Catarina Sousa, Niko Speybroeck, Fimka Tozija, Brigid Unim, Hilal Bektaş Uysal, Fabrizio Giovanni Vaccaro, Orsolya Varga, Milena Vasic, Francesco Saverio Violante, Grant M. A. Wyper, Suzanne Polinder, Juanita A. Haagsma

Articles

Calculating the disease burden due to injury is complex, as it requires many methodological choices. Until now, an overview of the methodological design choices that have been made in burden of disease (BoD) studies in injury populations is not available. The aim of this systematic literature review was to identify existing injury BoD studies undertaken across Europe and to comprehensively review the methodological design choices and assumption parameters that have been made to calculate years of life lost (YLL) and years lived with disability (YLD) in these studies.

Partially Oxidised Boron Nitride As A 2d Nanomaterial For Nanofiltration Applications, Natalia Garcıa Domenech, Aine Coogan, Finn Purcell Milton, María Luisa Casasín Garcia, Adrián Sanz Arjona, Marc Brunet Cabré, Aran Rafferty, Kim Mckelvey, Peter Dunne, Yurii K. Gun'ko

Articles

Access to clean water has become increasingly scarce in recent years due to various factors, such as increasing population density, urbanisation, and inequality, among others.1 The development of new, inexpensive, and reliable methods for the removal of various impurities and toxins from water is therefore vital. In recent years, the emergence of nanofiltration (NF) membranes has become an exciting prospect for water purification. NF can be described as a type of filtration which exhibits separation characteristics in between reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration, and typically has molecular weight cut-offs in the region of 200–1000 Daltons.2,3 Various nanomaterials have been implemented in …

Signals From On High And The Power Of Growth Mindset: A Natural Field Experiment In Attracting Minorities To High-Profile Position, Jeffrey A. Flory, Andreas Leibbrandt, Christina Rott, Olga B. Stoddard

Faculty Publications

We conduct a large-scale natural field experiment with a Fortune 500 company to test several approaches to attract minorities to high-profile positions. 5,000 prospective applicants were randomized into treatments varying a portion of recruiting materials. We find that self-selection at two early-career stages exhibits a substantial race gap. Importantly, we show that this gap can be strongly influenced by several treatments, with some increasing application rates by minorities by 40 percent and others being particularly effective for minority women. The heterogeneities we find by gender, race, and career stage shed light on the underlying drivers of self-selection barriers among minorities.

Incorporating High-Fidelity Aerostructural Analyses In Wind Turbine Rotor Optimization, Denis-Gabriel Caprace, Adam Cardoza, Andrew Ning, Marco Mangano, Sicheng He, Joaquim R. R. A. Martins

Faculty Publications

s demand grows for wind turbines with larger blades, the design of future wind turbines must account for multi-physical interactions and an ever-increasing number of design load conditions. One aspect, aerostructural coupling, calls for design tools that are both accurate and computationally efficient. In this paper, we present a combined-fidelity approach that couples high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics and computational solid mechanics simulations, with a conventional aeroelastic turbine modeling tool based on blade element momentum and beam theories. The approach is integrated into a multidisciplinary optimization framework. It takes advantage of the high-fidelity tightly-coupled aerostructural simulations to evaluate the rotor power …

Passages From The Book Of Micah In The Book Of Mormon, Dana M. Pike

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Do People With Apraxia Of Speech And Aphasia Improve Or Worsen Across Repeated Sequential Word Trials?, Tyson G. Harmon, Adam Jacks, Katarina L. Haley, Jessica D. Richardson, Elizabeth H. Lacey, Peter Turkeltaub

Faculty Publications

Purpose:

During motor speech examinations for suspected apraxia of speech (AOS), clients are routinely asked to repeat words several times sequentially. The purpose of this study was to understand the task in terms of the relationship among consecutive attempts. We asked to what extent phonemic accuracy changes across trials and whether the change is predicted by AOS diagnosis and sound production severity.

Method:

One hundred thirty-three participants were assigned to four diagnostic groups based on quantitative metrics (aphasia plus AOS, aphasia-only, and aphasia with two borderline speech profiles). Each participant produced four multisyllabic words 5 times consecutively. These productions were …

Mazes In Spanish-English Dual Language Learners After Language Enrichment: A Case Study, Casey L. Taliancich-Klinger, Connie Summers, Kai J. Greene

Faculty Publications

ABSTRACTThe number of Spanish-English dual language learners (DLLs) in the United States continues toincrease every year. In the absence of developmental language norms for DLLs it is importantto learn more about typical language production characteristics to distinguish typical fromatypical language characteristics. An area of language production with conflicting results inthe literature is the production of mazes. Mazes are interruptions in the forward flow oflanguage in the form of interjections, repairs or revisions of words and phrases. At elevatedrates, mazes may interrupt the communication process. A common practice in classroomsettings is to provide support for DLLs through small group activities such …

Mountain Men Reveal Yellowstone: Observations Of Daniel Potts, Warren Ferris, And Osborne Russell In The 1820s And 1830s, Jay H. Buckley, Nathan Benavidez

Faculty Publications

As Yellowstone National Park celebrates its 150th anniversary as the first such park in the world, it is fascinating to rediscover the records of mountain men and and that the same features that enthrall modern visitors captivated them as well. “Sonder” is the realization that other people with whom we share the mortal coil have lived lives just as complex and wonderous as our own. Americans can no better appreciate this than when they stand in Yellowstone National Park today and marvel at the same grandeur mountain men witnessed two hundred years ago.

Poster: Acoustic Source Localization Using Straight Line Approximations, Swarnadeep Bagchi, Ruairí De Fréin

Conference papers

The short paper extends an acoustic signal delay estimation method to general anechoic scenario using image processing techniques. The technique proposed in this paper localizes acoustic speech sources by creating a matrix of phase versus frequency histograms, where the same phases are stacked in appropriate bins. With larger delays and multiple sources coexisting in the same matrix, it becomes cluttered with activated bins. This results in high intensity spots on the spectrogram, making source discrimination difficult. In this paper, we have employed morphological filtering, chain-coding and straight line approximations to ignore noise and enhance the target signal features. Lastly, Hough …