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W423.1-030dd-1 - College Of Arts And Sciences: Digital Humanities: Correspondence And Memoranda, College Of Arts And Sciences

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No abstract provided.

Pleistocene Depositional Environments And Links To Cryosphere-Ocean Interactions On The Eastern Ross Sea Continental Slope, Antarctica (Iodp Hole U1525a)., Maxine V. King, Jenny A. Gales, Jan Sverre Laberg, Robert M. Mckay, Santis L De, Denise K. Kulhanek, Phil J. Hosegood, Antony Morris

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.

Depth And Latitudinal Gradients Of Diversity In Seamount Benthic Communities, Amelia E.H. Bridges, David K.A. Barnes, James B. Bell, Rebecca E. Ross, Kerry L. Howell

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

AimLatitudinal and bathymetric species diversity gradients in the deep sea have been identified, but studies have rarely considered these gradients across hard substratum habitats, such as seamount and oceanic island margins. This study aimed to identify whether the current understanding of latitudinal and bathymetric gradients in α-diversity (species richness) apply to seamount ecosystems, as well as ascertaining whether identifiable trends were present in seamount β-diversity along a bathymetric gradient.LocationExclusive Economic Zones of Saint Helena, Ascension Island and Tristan da Cunha, spanning 8–40°S in the South Atlantic.TaxonSeamount megabenthic communities.MethodsImages from 39 transects, collected between 250 and 950 m, were used to …

The Intrinsic Primary Bioreceptivity Of Concrete In The Coastal Environment – A Review, Jessica R. Bone, Rick Stafford, Alice E. Hall, Roger J.H. Herbert

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

The proliferation of artificial concrete structures (ACSs) in the marine environment causes intertidal habitat loss and is a poor surrogate for natural rocky shores in terms of species richness, abundance, and community composition. As hard engineered coastlines increase, there is growing interest in how new concrete structures can facilitate improved habitat and biodiversity compared to existing concrete structures. Experiments that have substituted cement binder and aggregates in varying proportions and combinations have demonstrated that it is possible to enhance the primary bioreceptivity of concrete, either chemically or via microtopographical texture. This review synthesises key literature and identifies which concrete formulas …

The Thermal Performance Prospects Of Courtyards In Cold Conditions, Omar Al-Hafith, Bk Satish, Pieter De Wilde

School of Art, Design and Architecture

Aiming at developing more thermally comfortable and energy efficient buildings,some studies have been advocating using traditional architecture’s passive design strategies.Among the rarely investigated architectural elements to achieve this objective in cold climatesis the courtyard space. This environmental element, in most cases, has been examined andsuggested for hot conditions. However, some studies have shown indications of its potentialenvironmental efficiency in cold conditions as well. In principle, courtyards enable havingsheltered outdoor spaces to regulate indoor spaces’ interaction with the outdoor climate insteadof having them outward oriented to directly face outdoor conditions. This research aims todetermine whether this thermal performance of courtyards can …

Quantifying The 3d Structure And Function Of Porosity And Pore Space In Natural Sediment Flocs, Tj Lawrence, Sj Carr, Jat Wheatland, Aj Manning, Kl Spencer

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Purpose Flocculated cohesive suspended sediments (flocs) play an important role in all aquatic environments, facilitating the transport and deposition of sediment and associated contaminants with consequences for aquatic health, material fluxes, and morphological evolution. Accurate modelling of the transport and behaviour of these sediments is critical for a variety of activities including fisheries, aquaculture, shipping, and waste and pollution management and this requires accurate measurement of the physical properties of flocs including porosity. Methods Despite the importance of understanding floc porosity, measurement approaches are indirect or inferential. Here, using μCT, a novel processing and analysis protocol, we directly quantify porosity …

Individual And Collective Behaviour Of Fish Subject To Differing Risk-Level Treatments With A Sympatric Predator, Alexander D.M. Wilson, Timothy M. Schaerf, Ashley J.W. Ward

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

The ability to adapt behaviour according to context is vital to the success of many organisms, particularly when it comes to mitigating risk, across time and space, in unpredictable environments. While many studies have examined the role of predation threat in shaping behaviour, very few have quantitatively investigated prey responses across different elements of perceived risk or ecological contexts. Here, we present a detailed analysis of how mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) adapt their individual and collective behaviour in five experimental treatments designed to replicate different core elements of predator threat. As risk increased, within and across treatments, fish decreased movements across …

Real-World Smartphone-Based Gait Recognition, Hind Alobaidi, Nathan Clarke, Fudong Li, Abdulrahmanalruban

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

No abstract provided.

Synthesis Of Fast Curing, Water-Resistant And Photopolymerizable Glass For Recording Of Holographic Structures By One- And Two-Photon Lithography, Tatsiana Mikulchyk, Mohamed Oubaha, Alicja Kaworek, Brendan Duffy, Markus Lunzer, Aleksandr Ovsianikov, Sabad-E Gul, Izabela Naydenova, Dervil Cody

Articles

Advancements in hybrid sol-gel technology have provided a new class of holographic materials as photopolymerizable glasses. Recently, a number of photosensitive glass compositions with high dynamic range and high spatial resolution have been reported and their excellent capability for volume holography has been demonstrated. Nevertheless, challenges remain, particularly in relation to the processing time and environmental stability of these materials, that strongly affect the performance and durability of the fabricated holograms. State-of-the-art photopolymerizable glasses possess long curing times (few days) required to achieve thick films, thus limiting the industrial implementation of this technology and its commercial viability. This article presents …

Validity Of Small-Scale Yielding Regime In Notched-Cracked Geometries, Mf Borges, Fv Antunes, Dm Neto, Jm Vasco-Olmo, Fa Díaz, Mn James

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

No abstract provided.

Nursing Students' Attitudes Towards Climate Change And Sustainability: A Cross-Sectional Multisite Study, Carmen Álvarez-Nieto, Janet Richardson, M. Ángeles Navarro-Perán, Naomi Tutticci, Norma Huss, Marie Elf, Anna Anåker, Jennie Aronsson, Heather Baid, Isabel M. López-Medina

School of Nursing and Midwifery

No abstract provided.

Opicapone In Uk Clinical Practice: Effectiveness, Safety And Cost Analysis In Patients With Parkinson's Disease, Christine Schofield, K. Ray Chaudhuri, Camille Carroll, Jagdish C. Sharma, Nicola Pavese, Jonathan Evans, Thomas Foltynie, Heinz Reichmann, Laura Zurowska, Patrício Soares-Da-Silva, Andrew Lees

Peninsula Medical School

Aim: This subanalysis of the OPTIPARK study aimed to confirm the effectiveness and safety of opicapone in patients with Parkinson's disease and motor fluctuations in clinical practice specifically in the UK and to assess the impact of opicapone on treatment costs. Methods: Patients received opicapone added to levodopa for 6 months. Clinical outcomes were assessed at 3 and 6 months and treatment costs at 6 months. Results: Most patients' general condition improved at 3 months, with sustained improvements reported at 6 months. Opicapone improved motor and non-motor symptoms at both timepoints, was generally well tolerated and reduced total treatment costs …

Neonates And Covid-19: State Of The Art, L. Ryan, Frans B. Plötz, Den Hoogen A Van, Jos M. Latour, Marina Degtyareva, Maya Keuning, Claus Klingenberg, Irwin K.M. Reiss, Eric Giannoni, Charles Roehr, Christopher Gale, Eleanor J. Molloy

School of Nursing and Midwifery

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had a significant impact worldwide, particularly in middle- and low-income countries. While this impact has been well-recognized in certain age groups, the effects, both direct and indirect, on the neonatal population remain largely unknown. There are placental changes associated, though the contributions to maternal and fetal illness have not been fully determined. The rate of premature delivery has increased and SARS-CoV-2 infection is proportionately higher in premature neonates, which appears to be related to premature delivery for maternal reasons rather than an increase in spontaneous preterm labor. There is much room for expansion, including long-term data …

Experiences Of Paediatric End-Of-Life Simulation In Undergraduate Children’S Nursing Students: A Qualitative Study, Nicola Fielding, Jos M. Latour, Janet Kelsey

School of Nursing and Midwifery

No abstract provided.

Early Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography In Adults Presenting With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome: The Rapid-Ctca Rct, Alasdair J. Gray, Carl Roobottom, Jason E. Smith, Steve Goodacre, Katherine Oatey, Rachel O’Brien, Robert F. Storey, Nick Curzen, Liza Keating, Attila Kardos, Dirk Felmeden, Robert J. Lee, Praveen Thokala, Steff C. Lewis, David E. Newby

Peninsula Medical School

Background Acute coronary syndrome is a common medical emergency. The optimal strategy to investigate patients who are at intermediate risk of acute coronary syndrome has not been fully determined. Objective To investigate the role of early computed tomography coronary angiography in the investigation and treatment of adults presenting with suspected acute coronary syndrome. Design A prospective, multicentre, open, parallel-group randomised controlled trial with blinded end-point adjudication. Setting Thirty-seven hospitals in the UK. Participants Adults (aged ≥ 18 years) presenting to the emergency department, acute medicine services or cardiology department with suspected or provisionally diagnosed acute coronary syndrome and at least …

What Matters Most To Adults With A Tracheostomy In Icu And The Implications For Clinical Practice: A Qualitative Systematic Review And Metasynthesis, Helen Newman, Gemma Clunie, Sarah Wallace, Christina Smith, Daniel Martin, Natalie Pattison

Peninsula Medical School

Purpose Tracheostomy is a common surgical procedure in ICU. Whilst often life-saving, it can have important impacts on patients. Much of the literature on tracheostomy focuses on timing and technique of insertion, risk factors and complications. More knowledge of patient experience of tracheostomy in ICU is needed to support person-centred care. Materials and methods Qualitative systematic review and metasynthesis of the literature on adult experience of tracheostomy in ICU. Comprehensive search of four bibliographic databases and grey literature. Title and abstract screening and full text eligibility was completed independently by two reviewers. Metasynthesis was achieved using thematic synthesis, supported by …

Life In The Freezer: Protein Metabolism In Antarctic Fish, Keiron P.P. Fraser, Lloyd S. Peck, Melody S. Clark, Andrew Clarke, Simeon L. Hill

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Whole-animal, in vivo protein metabolism rates have been reported in temperate and tropical, but not Antarctic fish. Growth in Antarctic species is generally slower than lower latitude species. Protein metabolism data for Antarctic invertebrates show low rates of protein synthesis and unusually high rates of protein degradation. Additionally, in Antarctic fish, increasing evidence suggests a lower frequency of successful folding of nascent proteins and reduced protein stability. This study reports the first whole-animal protein metabolism data for an Antarctic fish. Groups of Antarctic, Harpagifer antarcticus, and temperate, Lipophrys pholis, fish were acclimatized to a range of overlapping water temperatures and …

Human Endogenous Retrovirus Type K Promotes Proliferation Of Merlin-Negative Schwannoma And Meningioma Which Can Be Inhibited By Anti-Retroviral And Anti-Tead Drugs, Co Hanemann, E Maze, B Agit, S Reeves, D Hilton, Db Parkinson, L Laraba, E Ercolano, K Kurian, R Belshaw, S Ammoun

Peninsula Medical School

No abstract provided.

Fast And Accurate Mapping Of Fine Scale Abundance Of A Vme In The Deep Sea With Computer Vision, Nils Piechaud, Kerry L. Howell

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.

Opportunities And Barriers Faced By Early-Career Civil Engineers Enacting Global Responsibility, Shannon Chance, Inês Direito, John Mitchell

Articles

The term ‘global responsibility’ projects a holistic sense of ethics, sustainability, and obligation. To achieve the long-term viability of human life on Earth, civil engineering must be conducted in increasingly responsible ways, and civil engineers must value and enact global responsibility in their work. Interviews conducted with nine civil engineers in London provide insight regarding engineers’ familiarity with the term, how they learned about it, what opportunities and barriers they face, and what might be done by professional and educational institutions to help them practice more responsibly. Results indicate: the term itself is novel but underlying concepts are not; continuing …

Automatically Generating Natural Language Descriptions Of Images By A Deep Hierarchical Framework, Lin Huo, Lin Bai, Shang Ming Zhou

School of Nursing and Midwifery

Automatically generating an accurate and meaningful description of an image is very challenging. However, the recent scheme of generating an image caption by maximizing the likelihood of target sentences lacks the capacity of recognizing the human–object interaction (HOI) and semantic relationship between HOIs and scenes, which are the essential parts of an image caption. This article proposes a novel two-phase framework to generate an image caption by addressing the above challenges: 1) a hybrid deep learning and 2) an image description generation. In the hybrid deep-learning phase, a novel factored three-way interaction machine was proposed to learn the relational features …

Will Treating Progressive Myopia Overwhelm The Eye Care Workforce? A Workforce Modelling Study, Gareth Lingham, James Loughman, Stella Kuzmenko, Matilda Biba, Daniel Ian Flitcroft

Articles

Purpose

Treatments for myopia progression are now available, but implementing these into clinical practice will place a burden on the eye care workforce. This study estimated the full-time equivalent (FTE) workforce required to implement myopia control treatments in the UK and Ireland.

Methods

To estimate the number of 6- to 21-year-olds with myopia, two models utilising separate data sources were developed. The examination-based model used: (1) the number of primary care eye examinations conducted annually and (2) the proportion of these that are for myopic young people. The prevalence-based model used epidemiological data on the age-specific prevalence of myopia. The …

An Examination Of The Impact Of Covid-19 On Assessment Practices In Higher Education, Ziene Mottiar, Greg Byrne, Geraldine Gorham, Emma Robinson

Articles

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a rapid pivot to online learning across many higher education institutions globally. This paper investigates to what extent assessment strategies changed as a result of this pivot. It explores the case of Technological University Dublin (TU Dublin) in Ireland and finds that 95% of respondents altered their assessment practices in some way. Beyond identifying changing practice, the paper also develops a TARC (Typology of Assessment Responses to COVID-19) model which shows four categories of responses. Reactors are those academics who simply moved their assessments online. Adaptive Responders modified assessments slightly for the online environment. While …

Theory Protection: Do Humans Protect Existing Associative Links?, Stuart G. Spicer, Chris J. Mitchell, Andy J. Wills, Katie L. Blake, Peter M. Jones

Peninsula Medical School

No abstract provided.

Patients With Moderate To Severe Covid-19 Have An Impaired Cytokine Response With An Exhausted And Senescent Immune Phenotype, Ashwin D. Dhanda, Dan Felmlee, Paula Boeira, Prebashan Moodley, Huey Tan, Leticia De Paula Scalioni, Kristen Lilly, David A. Sheridan, Matthew E. Cramp

Peninsula Medical School

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Post-Operative Goal-Directed Fluid Therapy (Gdft) On Organ Function After Orthotopic Liver Transplantation: Secondary Outcome Analysis Of The Colt Randomised Control Trial, Farid Froghi, Vignesh Gopalan, Zachos Anastasiou, Rahul Koti, Kurinchi Gurusamy, Christine Eastgate, Margaret Mcneil, Helder Filipe, Manuel Pinto, Jeshika Singh, Louise Longworth, Susan Mallett, Nick Schofield, Douglas Thorburn, Daniel Martin, Brian R. Davidson

Peninsula Medical School

No abstract provided.

Past, Present And Future Of Conservative Oxygen Therapy In Critical Care, Daniel Martin, David Harrison, Paul Mouncey, B. Ronan O'Driscoll, Mike Grocott, Lorna Miller, Doug Gould, Alvin Richards-Belle, Kathryn Rowan

Peninsula Medical School

Conservative oxygen therapy (COT) is the administration lower levels of supplemental oxygen than usual in order to tolerate a lower level of arterial oxygenation (either the partial pressure (PaO2) or haemoglobin saturation (SaO2)) than normal. Its purpose is to reduce a patient’s overall exposure to additional oxygen in order to minimise the risk of oxyen toxicity.1 This approach to oxygen therapy has also been called permissive hypoxaemia (PH) and the terms are frequently used interchangeably; here, we refer to all efforts to reduce supplemental oxygen administration or arterial oxygenation as COT. Studies have been conducted across a wide range of …

A Computational Method To Track The Evolution Of Business Models In The Digital Economy, Z Wood, D Walker, G Parry

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

Companies within the Digital Economy are evolving their business models as they take advantage of the opportunities afforded by emerging digital technologies. There is a need to develop methods that will allow researchers and policy makers to understand the existence of, and relationships between, the different business models within the Digital Economy and track their evolution. Such methods could also help quantify the size and growth of the Digital Economy. This paper presents a computational method, which utilizes machine learning and web scraping, to identify new business models, and a taxonomy of organisations, through the analysis of a firm's webpage. …

Long‐Term Effects Of Artificial Nighttime Lighting And Trophic Complexity On Plant Biomass And Foliar Carbon And Nitrogen In A Grassland Community, Vinka Anic, Kevin J. Gaston, Thomas W. Davies, Jonathan Bennie

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.

Invasive Coronary Angiography As A Tool In Cardiac Evaluation For Liver Transplant Candidates, Js Nayagam, Bc Norton, S Belete, J Rosinhas, K Ramos, Me Cramp, R O'Kane, Wj Cash, Z Milan, C Nicholson, K Menon, A Prachalias, P Srinivasan, G Auzinger, J Byrne, Pa Maccarthy, N Melikian, K Agarwal, Vr Aluvihare, D Joshi, Ma Heneghan

Peninsula Medical School

Background Cardiovascular assessment is central to evaluation of liver transplant (LT) candidates. However, there is a lack of consensus on the diagnostic algorithm for screening for coronary artery disease (CAD), and the place for invasive coronary angiography (ICA) remains undefined. Methods We retrospectively analysed 1201 adults who underwent elective LT assessment over a 5-year period. For patients who underwent LT, survival data to 5 years post-LT was collected. Results ICA was performed in 259 (21.6%): 134 no CAD, 58 mild, 33 moderate, and 34 severe. Detection of CAD was associated with age (OR 1.08, P < 0.01), current smoking (OR 4.92, P < 0.01) and prior CAD (OR 8.93, P < 0.001). Poor performance on cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) was associated with age (OR 1.02, P < .05) and diabetes mellitus (OR 1.54, P < 0.05). 122 (10.2%) patients were declined due to severity of cardiovascular disease. 169/779 (21.7%) patients listed for LT had undergone ICA, and CAD was present in 73/169 (43.2%). The non-risk-adjusted all-cause post-LT 5-year survival was 82.6%, with no difference in survival in those with and without CAD on ICA. In patients with CAD, diabetes was associated with reduced survival (OR 3.78, P < 0.05). Conclusions Multi-modality cardiac evaluation is useful in high-risk patients undergoing LT assessment. ICA can be used with non-invasive assessments and risk factors to delineate candidacy. In selected patients with CAD, LT has been undertaken with comparable post-LT survival.