Digital Commons Network^™

Multidimensional, High Precision Measurements Of Beam Single Spin Asymmetries In Semi-Inclusive 𝜋⁺ Electroproduction Off Protons In The Valence Region, S. Diehl, A. Kim, G. Angelini, K. Joo, S. Adhikari, M. J. Amaryan, M. Arratia, H. Atac, H. Avakian, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, S. Bastami, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, M. Bondi, F. Bossù, Et Al.

Physics Faculty Publications

High precision measurements of the polarized electron beam-spin asymmetry in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) from the proton have been performed using a 10.6 GeV incident electron beam and the CLAS12 spectrometer at Jefferson Lab. We report here a high precision multidimensional study of single π⁺ SIDIS data over a large kinematic range in Bjorken x, fractional energy, and transverse momentum of the hadron as well as photon virtualities Q² ranging from 1–7  GeV². In particular, the structure function ratio F^sinϕ_LU/F_UU has been determined, where F^sinϕ_LU is a twist-3 …

Measurement Of Spin Density Matrix Elements In Λ(1520) Photoproduction At 8.2-8.8 Gev, Shankar Adhikari, C. S. Akondi, M. Albrecht, Moskov Amaryan, Tyler Viducic, B. Zihlmann, Et Al., Gluex Collaboration, D. I. Glazier, V. Mathieu

Physics Faculty Publications

We report on the measurement of spin density matrix elements of the Λ(1520) in the photoproduction reaction γp→Λ(1520)K⁺, via its subsequent decay to K⁻p. The measurement was performed as part of the GlueX experimental program in Hall D at Jefferson Laboratory using a linearly polarized photon beam with E_γ = 8.2 GeV–8.8 GeV. These are the first such measurements in this photon energy range. Results are presented in bins of momentum transfer squared, − (t − t₀). We compare the results with a Reggeon exchange model and determine that natural exchange amplitudes are …

Measuring Recoiling Nucleons From The Nucleus With The Future Electron Ion Collider, Florian Hauenstein, A. Jentsch, J. R. Pybus, A. Kiral, M. D. Baker, Y. Furletova, O. Hen, D. W. Higinbotham, Charles Hyde, V. Morozov, D. Romanov, Lawrence B. Weinstein

Physics Faculty Publications

Short range correlated nucleon-nucleon (NN) pairs are an important part of the nuclear ground state. They are typically studied by scattering an electron from one nucleon in the pair and detecting its spectator correlated partner (“spectator-nucleon tagging”). The Electron Ion Collider (EIC) should be able to detect these nucleons, since they are boosted to high momentum in the laboratory frame by the momentum of the ion beam. To determine the feasibility of these studies with the planned EIC detector configuration, we have simulated quasielastic scattering for two electron and ion beam energy configurations: 5 GeV e− and 41 …

Reply To "Comment On 'Quasielastic Lepton Scattering And B=Back-To-Back Nucleons In The Short-Time Approximation' ", S. Pastore, J. Carlson, Rocco Schiavilla, J. L. Barrow, S. Gandolfi, R. B. Wiringa

Physics Faculty Publications

We briefly review the concept of scaling and how it occurs in quasielastic electron and neutrino scattering from nuclei, and then the particular approach to scaling in the short-time approximation. We show that, whereas two-nucleon currents do significantly enhance the transverse electromagnetic response, they do not spoil scaling, but, in fact, enhance it. We provide scaling results obtained in the short-time approximation that verify this claim. The enhanced scaling, although obtained empirically, is not “accidental”—as claimed in [O. Benhar, Phys. Rev. C 105, 049801 (2022)]—but rather reflects quasielastic kinematics and the dominant role played by pion-exchange interactions and currents …

Probing For High-Momentum Protons In ⁴He Via The ⁴He (E, E'P) X Reactions, Jefferson Lab Hall A Collaboration, S. Iqbal, F. Benmokhtar, M. Ivanov, L. B. Weinstein, X. Zheng, P. Zhu, R. Zielinski, Et Al

Physics Faculty Publications

Experimental cross sections for the ⁴He(e,e′p) X reactions in the missing energy range from 0.017 to 0.022 GeV and up to a missing momentum of 0.632 GeV/c at x_B = 1.24 and Q² = 2 (GeV/c)² are reported. The data are compared to relativistic distorted-wave impulse approximation calculations for the ⁴He(e,e′p)³H channel. Significantly more events are observed for p_m ≥ 0.45 GeV/c than are predicted by the theoretical model, and striking fluctuations in the ratio of data to the theoretical model around p_m = 0.3GeV/c are possible signals of initial-state multinucleon …

Rapidity Evolution Of Tmds With Running Coupling, Ian Balitsky, Giovanni A. Chirilli

Physics Faculty Publications

The scale of a coupling constant for rapidity-only evolution of transverse-momentum dependent (TMD) operators in the Sudakov kinematic region is calculated using the Brodsky-Lepage-Mackenzie optimal scale setting [S. J. Brodsky et al., Phys. Rev. D 28, 228 (1983).]. The effective argument of a coupling constant is halfway in the logarithmical scale between the transverse momentum and energy of TMD distribution. The resulting rapidity-only evolution equation is solved for quark and gluon TMDs.

Cooling Performance In A Dual Energy Storage Ring Cooler, B. Dhital, Y. S. Derbenev, D. Douglas, G. A. Krafft, H. Zhang, F. Lin, V. S. Morozov, Y. Zhang

Physics Faculty Publications

The longitudinal and transverse emittance growth in hadron beams due to intra-beam scattering (IBS) and other heating sources deteriorate the luminosity in a collider. Hence, a strong hadron beam cooling is required to reduce and preserve the emittance. The cooling of high energy hadron beam is challenging. We propose a dual energy storage ring-based electron cooler that uses an electron beam to extract heat away from hadron beam in the cooler ring while the electron beam is cooled by synchrotron radiation damping in the high energy damping ring. In this paper, we present a design of a dual energy storage …

Quark Spin-Orbit Correlations In The Proton, M. Engelhardt, J. Green, N. Hasan, T. Izubuchi, C. Kallidonis, S. Krieg, S. Liuti, S. Meinel, J. Negele, A. Pochinsky, A. Rajan, G. Silvi, S. Syritsyn

Physics Faculty Publications

Generalized transverse momentum-dependent parton distributions (GTMDs) provide a comprehensive framework for imaging the internal structure of the proton. In particular, by encoding the simultaneous distribution of quark transverse positions and momenta, they allow one to directly access longitudinal quark orbital angular momentum, and, moreover, to correlate it with the quark helicity. The relevant GTMD is evaluated through a lattice calculation of a proton matrix element of a quark bilocal operator (the separation in which is Fourier conjugate to the quark momentum) featuring a momentum transfer (which is Fourier conjugate to the quark position), as well as the Dirac structure appropriate …

Modeling A Nb3Sn Cryounit In Gpt In Uitf, Sunil Pokharel, Geoffey A. Krafft, A. S. Hofler

Physics Faculty Publications

Nb₃Sn is a prospective material for future superconducting RF (SRF) accelerator cavities. The material can achieve higher quality factors, higher temperature operation and potentially higher accelerating gradients (E_{acc} 96 MV/m) compared to conventional niobium. In this work, we performed modeling of the Upgraded Injector Test Facility (UITF) at Jefferson Lab utilizing newly constructed Nb₃Sn cavities. We studied the effects of the buncher cavity and varied the gun voltages from 200-500 keV. We have calibrated and optimized the SRF cavity gradients and phases for the Nb₃Sn five-cell cavities energy gains with the framework of General Particle Tracer (GPT). Our calculations show …

Combining Nonperturbative Transverse Momentum Dependence With Tmd Evolution, J.O. Gonzalez-Hernandez, T. C. Rogers, N. Sato

Physics Faculty Publications

Central to understanding the nonperturbative, intrinsic partonic nature of hadron structure are the concepts of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distribution and fragmentation functions. A TMD factorization approach to the phenomenology of semi-inclusive processes that includes evolution, higher orders, and matching to larger transverse momentum is ultimately necessary for reliably connecting with phenomenologically extracted nonperturbative structures, especially when widely different scales are involved. In this paper, we will address some of the difficulties that arise when phenomenological techniques that were originally designed for very high energy applications are extended to studies of hadron structures, and we will solidify the connection …

Direct Current Magnetic Hall Probe Technique For Measurement Of Field Penetration In Thin Film Superconductors For Superconducting Radio Frequency Resonators, Iresha Harshani Senevirathne, Alex Gurevich, Jean Delayen

Physics Faculty Publications

Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) cavities used in particle accelerators are typically formed from or coated with superconducting materials. Currently, high purity niobium is the material of choice for SRF cavities that have been optimized to operate near their theoretical field limits. This brings about the need for significant R & D efforts to develop next generation superconducting materials that could outperform Nb and keep up with the demands of new accelerator facilities. To achieve high quality factors and accelerating gradients, the cavity material should be able to remain in the superconducting Meissner state under a high RF magnetic field without …

Evaluation Of Single-Cell Cavities Made Of Forged Ingot Niobium At Jefferson Lab, P. Dhakal, Bashu D. Khanal, Gianluigi Ciovati, G. R. Myneni

Physics Faculty Publications

Currently, fine grain niobium (Nb) (grain size ∼ 50 µm) and large grain Nb (grain size of a few cm) are being used for the fabrication of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities. Medium grain forged ingot with grain size of a few hundred µm may be beneficial for cost-effectiveness as well as providing better performance for future SRF-based accelerators. Forged ingot Nb with medium grain size is a novel production method to obtain Nb discs used for the fabrication of superconducting radio frequency cavities. We have fabricated two 1.5 GHz single cell cavities made from forged Nb ingot with a …

Cross-Section Measurement Of Virtual Photoproduction Of Iso-Triplet Three-Body Hypernucleus, ⋀Nn, T. Gogami, K. N. Suzuki, B. Pandey, K. Itabashi, S. Nagao, K. Okuyama, S. N. Nakamura, L. Tang, D. Abrams, T. Akiyama, D. Androic, K. Aniol, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, J. Bane, S. Barcus, J. Barrow, V. Bellini, H. Bhatt, D. Bhetuwal, D. Biswas, A. Camsonne, J. Castellanos, J-P. Chen, J. Chen, S. Covrig, D. Chrisman, R. Cruz-Torres, R. Das, E. Fuchey, K. Gnanvo, F. Garibaldi, T. Gautam, J. Gomez, P. Gueye, T.J. Hague, O. Hansen, W. Henry, F. Hauenstein, D. W. Higinbotham, C. E. Hyde, M. Kaneta, C. Keppel, T. Kutz, N. Lashley-Colthirst, S. Li, H. Liu, J. Mammei, P. Markowitz, R. E. Mcclellan, F. Meddi, D. Meekins, R. Michaels, M. Mihovilovic, A. Moyer, D. Nguyen, M. Nycz, V. Owen, C. Palatchi, S. Park, T. Petkovic, S. Premathilake, P.E. Reimer, J. Reinhold, S. Riordan, V. Rodriguez, C. Samanta, S. N. Santiesteban, B. Sawatzky, S. Širca, K. Slifer, T. Su, Y. Tian, Y. Toyama, K. Uehara, G. M. Urciuoli, D. Votaw, J. Williamson, B. Wojtsekhowski, S. A. Wood, B. Yale, Z. Ye, J. Zhang, X. Zheng

Physics Faculty Publications

Missing-mass spectroscopy with the ³H(e, e′K⁺) reaction was carried out at Jefferson Lab’s (JLab) Hall A in Oct–Nov, 2018. The differential cross section for the ³H(γ^∗, K⁺)Λnn was deduced at ω = Ee − E_e′ = 2.102 GeV and at the forward K⁺-scattering angle (0^° ≤ θ_γ∗K ≤ 5^°) in the laboratory frame. Given typical predicted energies and decay widths, which are (B_Λ, Γ) = (−0.25, 0.8) and (−0.55, 4.7) MeV, the cross sections were found …

New Results At Jlab Describing Operating Lifetime Of Gaas Photo-Guns, M. Bruker, J. Grames, C. Hernández-García, M. Poelker, S. Zhang, V. Lizárraga-Rubio, C. Valerio-Lizárraga, Joshua T. Yoskowitz

Physics Faculty Publications

Polarized electrons from GaAs photocathodes have been key to some of the highest-impact results of the Jefferson Lab science program over the past 30 years. During this time, various studies have given insight into improving the operational lifetime of these photocathodes in DC high-voltage photo-guns while using lasers with spatial Gaussian profiles of typically 0.5 mm to 1 mm FWHM, cathode voltages of 100 kV to 130 kV, and a wide range of beam currents up to multiple mA. In this contribution, we show recent experimental data from a 100 kV to 180 kV setup and describe our progress at …

Beam-Recoil Transferred Polarization In K+Y Electroproduction In The Nucleon Resonance Region With Clas12, D. S. Carman, A. D'Angelo, L. Lanza, V. I. Mokeev, K. P. Adhikari, M. J. Amaryan, W. R. Armstrong, H. Atac, H. Avakian, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, B. Benkel, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, M. Bondi, S. Boiarinov, V. Ziegler

Physics Faculty Publications

Beam-recoil transferred polarizations for the exclusive electroproduction of K + Λ and K + Σ⁰ final states from an unpolarized proton target have been measured using the CLAS12 spectrometer at Jefferson Laboratory. The measurements at beam energies of 6.535 and 7.546 GeV span the range of four-momentum transfer Q² from 0.3 to 4.5 GeV² and invariant energy W from 1.6 to 2.4 GeV, while covering the full center-of-mass angular range of the K⁺. These new data extend the existing hyperon polarization data from CLAS in a similar kinematic range but from a significantly larger dataset. …

Searching For An Enhanced Signal Of The Onset Of Color Transparency In Baryons With D(E,E′P)N Scattering, Shujie Li, Carlos Yero, Jennifer Rittenhouse West, Clare Bennett, Wim Cosyn, Douglas Higinbotham, Misak Sargsian, Holly Szumila-Vance

Physics Faculty Publications

Observation of the onset of color transparency in baryons would provide a new means of studying the nuclear strong force and would be the first clear evidence of baryons transforming into a color-neutral point-like size in the nucleus as predicted by quantum chromodynamics. Recent C (e, e′p) results from electron-scattering did not observe the onset of color transparency (CT) in protons up to spacelike four-momentum transfers squared, Q² = 14.2 GeV ² . The traditional methods of searching for CT in (e, e′p) scattering use heavy targets favoring kinematics with already initially reduced final state interactions (FSIs) such that …

Collinear Factorization At Subasymptotic Kinematics And Validation In A Diquark Spectator Model, Juan V. Guerrero, Alberto Accardi

Physics Faculty Publications

We revisit the derivation of collinear factorization for Deep Inelastic Scattering at subasymptotic values of the four-momentum transfer squared, where the masses of the particles participating in the interaction cannot be neglected. By using an inclusive jet function to describe the scattered quark final state, we can restrict the needed parton kinematic approximations just to the four-momentum conservation of the hard scattering process, and explicitly expand the rest of the diagram in powers of the unobserved parton transverse momenta rather than neglecting those. This procedure provides one with more flexibility in fixing the virtuality of the scattered and recoiling partons …

Perceived Inequality In The Restaurant Industry For Women, Amanda Wicelinski

Student Publications

Perceived inequality permeates the hospitality industry at large, and women chefs have to overcome many obstacles, like gender roles, on their path to success in a restaurant. As time settles into the 21^st century, the principles of equality and diversity are topics at the forefront of discussions about industries like hospitality. Many aspiring chefs entering the industry can easily name a cisgender, white, and male role model chef that they look up to while struggling to come up with a single name of a female chef as a role model. This apparent homogeneity in leaders reveals greater issues at …

𝒯, 𝒫-Odd Effects In The Luoh⁺ Cation, Daniel E. Maison, Leonid V. Skripnikov, Gleb Penyazkov, Matt Grau, Alexander N. Petrov

Physics Faculty Publications

The LuOH⁺ cation is a promising system to search for manifestations of time reversal and spatial parity violation effects. Such effects in LuOH⁺ induced by the electron electric dipole moment eEDM and the scalar-pseudoscalar interaction of the nucleus with electrons, characterized by k_s constant, in LuOH⁺ are studied. The enhancement factors, polarization in the external electric field, hyperfine interaction, and rovibrational structure are calculated. The study is required for the experiment preparation and extraction of the eEDM and k_s values from experimental data.

Black Diners And Tipping: An Analysis Of Tipping Culture Amongst Black Restaurant Diners, Steven Mcintyre

Student Publications

Tipping began as a means to gain prompt service. Today the practice serves as a primary source of income within the service industry. Within that time, Black diners have achieved the perception of being poor tippers. Throughout this paper, the author will discuss how the Jim Crow era aided in tipping. Additionally, this research examines how the government intervened to ensure discrimination in the workplace was eliminated. Finally, the paper will discuss the correlation of tipping in the United States society, its relations to cultural norms, and social constructs. These topics will support the tie discrimination has to tipping. This …

Western Herbalism: What Drives Individuals Within Rhode Island To Study This Ancient Healing Modality?, Kyla Shea

Student Publications

People globally rely on herbal practices as their main form of healing, yet few people in the West understand how to properly identify and effectively use herbs. This loss of knowledge regarding traditional healing practices was done so intentionally during enslavement and colonization, resulting in exploitation and misinterpretation of herbal practices. By reclaiming this knowledge, it is not only a way to improve the health of communities and the land, but it is also a way of reclaiming ancestral traditions and connection with oneself. Furthermore, this research paper explores the complexities of Western herbalism and determines what drives individuals within …

Western Herbalism: What Drives Individuals Within Rhode Island To Study This Ancient Healing Modality?, Kyla Shea

Student Publications

People globally rely on herbal practices as their main form of healing, yet few people in the West understand how to properly identify and effectively use herbs. This loss of knowledge regarding traditional healing practices was done so intentionally during enslavement and colonization, resulting in exploitation and misinterpretation of herbal practices. By reclaiming this knowledge, it is not only a way to improve the health of communities and the land, but it is also a way of reclaiming ancestral traditions and connection with oneself. Furthermore, this research paper explores the complexities of Western herbalism and determines what drives individuals within …

The Arbor Bar - Pitch Presentation, Alexis Lloyd, Skylar Surgal Pazol, Sean Holmes, Seth Cadwell

Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Lower Temperature Annealing Of Vapor Diffused Nb3Sn For Accelerator Cavities, Jayendrika K. Tiskumara, Jean R. Delayen, G. V. Eremeev, U. Pudasaini

Physics Faculty Publications

Nb₃Sn is a next-generation superconducting material for the accelerator cavities with higher critical temperature and superheating field, both twice compared to Nb. It promises superior performance and higher operating temperature than Nb, resulting in significant cost reduction. So far, the Sn vapor diffusion method is the most preferred and successful technique to coat niobium cavities with Nb₃Sn. Although several post-coating techniques (chemical, electrochemical, mechanical) have been explored to improve the surface quality of the coated surface, an effective process has yet to be found. Since there are only a few studies on the post-coating heat treatment …

Field Shielding Of NBT��N Based Multilayer Structure For Accelerating Cavities, Iresha Harshani Senevirathne, Jean R. Delayen, Alex Gurevich, D. R. Beverstock, A.-M. Valente-Feliciano

Physics Faculty Publications

Over the past few decades, bulk niobium (Nb) has been the material of choice for superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities used in particle accelerators to achieve higher accelerating gradients and lower RF losses. Multi-layer (SIS) structures consisting of alternating thin layers of superconductor(S) and insulator(I) deposited on a bulk Nb have been proposed to enhance the peak surface magnetic field and sustain a higher accelerating gradient. In this study, multilayers based NbTiN and AlN deposited on bulk Nb are used to test the proposed enhancement using the DC magnetic Hall probe technique. The technique detects a penetrating magnetic field through …

Intragovernmental Speech And Sanction, Katherine A. Shaw

Articles

This Essay, prepared as part of a symposium on Professor Helen Norton’s The Government’s Speech and the Constitution, asks what role, if any, we should understand the Constitution to play in mediating disputes over speech between and among government entities. Focusing on the examples of impeachment and censure, the piece considers scenarios in which one arm of government takes action in response to the speech of another arm or entity of government, exploring what role the Constitution should play in shaping or constraining those responses.

The Rules Of Professional Responsibility And Legal Finance: A Status Update, Anthony J. Sebok

Articles

Legal finance occurs when strangers fund litigation for profit. Traditionally looked upon with suspicion in the common law, and limited by the doctrines of champerty and maintenance, legal finance is now a thriving part of the American legal landscape. Legal finance has been promoted as a solution to the access-to-justice problems facing working and middle class Americans, as well as a new asset class for Wall Street. At the center of legal finance, however, are lawyers – not the lawyers who write the contracts for the financing – but the lawyers for the cases being financed.
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The Commodification Of Public Land Records, Reid Kress Weisbord, Stewart E. Sterk

Articles

The United States deed recording system alters the “first in time, first in right” doctrine to enable good faith purchasers to record their deeds to protect themselves against prior unrecorded conveyances and to provide constructive notice of their interests to potential subsequent purchasers. Constructive notice, however, works only when land records are available for public inspection, a practice that had long proved uncontroversial. For centuries, deed archives were almost exclusively patronized by land-transacting parties because the difficulty and cost of title examination deterred nearly everyone else.

The modern information economy, however, propelled this staid corner of property law into a …

Steering Loan Modifications Post-Pandemic, Pamela Foohey, Dalie Jimenez, Christopher K. Odinet

Articles

As part of federal and state relief programs created during the COVID-19 pandemic, many American households received pauses on their largest debts, particularly on mortgages and student loans. Others may have come to agreements with their lenders, likewise pausing or altering payment on other debts, such as auto loans and credit cards. This relief allowed households to allocate their savings and income to necessary expenses, like groceries, utilities, and medicine. But forbearance does not equal forgiveness. At the end of the various relief periods and moratoria, people will have to resume paying all their debts, the amounts of which may …

Taking Misappropriation Seriously: State Common Law Disgorgement Actions For Insider Trading, Jeanne L. Schroeder

Articles

In two recent cases, Kokesh v. SEC, and Liu v. SEC, the U.S. Supreme Court cut back substantially on one of the Securities and Exchange Commission’s most important enforcement powers. This is the ability to seek disgorgement from persons who violate the federal securities laws, depriving them of their ill-gotten gains.

Previously, the Supreme Court had developed a largely property-based theory of insider trading. Why is insider trading evil? Because material nonpublic information is property that the trader has fraudulently obtained and must not use for his own purposes

In this article I bring these thoughts together. I …