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Why K-12 Public School Bus Drivers Stay In Their Jobs, Brian Patrick Carey Jan 2022

Why K-12 Public School Bus Drivers Stay In Their Jobs, Brian Patrick Carey

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This study was designed to understand why K-12 public school bus drivers stay in their jobs. Currently, there is a perceived shortage of public school bus drivers nationally and locally. Many students ride the bus to and from school every day and without bus drivers, student access to education maybe at risk. This study was undertaken to learn if there is anything that public school administrators can do in the work environment to reduce turnover intentions of bus drivers. In 2021, surveys were provided to 301 bus drivers in 32 school districts in upstate New York to assess their turnover …


Dynamic Impacts Of Hadley Circulation On Saharan Desert Warming Amplification, Alejandro Manuel Ayala Jan 2022

Dynamic Impacts Of Hadley Circulation On Saharan Desert Warming Amplification, Alejandro Manuel Ayala

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Changes in temperature due to climate change are not spatially uniform, and deserts and other drylands, which are greatly underrepresented in climate studies, are warming at a much faster rate than much of the globe with increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases. This strong warming amplification over deserts, termed Desert Amplification (DA), is most pronounced over the world’s largest and driest Sahara Desert and the Arabian Peninsula. The Sahara and Arabian deserts are formed in the subtropical subsiding branch of the Hadley Circulation (HC) and so the changes in large-scale subsidence associated with adiabatic heating could impact the DA dynamically. While …


Decision-Making Accuracy At The Classwide Level, Alexandra Payne Jan 2022

Decision-Making Accuracy At The Classwide Level, Alexandra Payne

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This study was designed to evaluate decision-making accuracy at the classwide level within the context of classwide math intervention, where decisions are made regarding whether or not a class as a whole has met the predefined mastery criterion for a specific math skill. The current study examined decision accuracy when using existing classwide decision-making practices, in which one classwide data point is compared to the mastery criterion. In addition, the current study assessed the role of three variables: class size, decision rule used, and rate of classwide growth. As part of this study, an existing data set containing progress monitoring …


Black-White Interracial Contact And Anti-Racist Activism : What Promotes Action In White Americans?, Katheryn Lucille Roberson Jan 2022

Black-White Interracial Contact And Anti-Racist Activism : What Promotes Action In White Americans?, Katheryn Lucille Roberson

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Racism is a pervasive form of harm which has been found to contribute to negative outcomes for both individuals and society. Toward a more just society, anti-racist activism can create safer environments, reduce structural inequities, and improve interpersonal relations. To address prejudice, many studies have examined how interracial contact reduces prejudice in White Americans; however, less research has focused on the application of these factors on White American antiracist activist behaviors. This study sought to provide further support for Intergroup Contact Theory and the influence of established mediators of empathy and intergroup anxiety on activist behaviors. Data from 384 White …


Government, Citizen, And Social Media : Understanding Police-Citizen Interaction On Weibo In China, Yumeng Luo Jan 2022

Government, Citizen, And Social Media : Understanding Police-Citizen Interaction On Weibo In China, Yumeng Luo

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This dissertation systematically examined the Beijing Police Department (BPD) daily use of social media and citizens’ comments it received. Previous studies in the field of e-government and political communication in the Chinese context focused only on the measurement of quantitative indicators of government use of social media or a single event. This dissertation incorporates theoretical frameworks of e-government, public relations, and the public sphere to provide a detailed picture of citizen and government interaction in the Chinese context. Using the BPD as my case study, I not only explored government’s daily activities and engagement strategies but also examined the nuances …


Spatiotemporal Variability Of Snow Depth On Arctic Sea Ice In Cmip6 Models And Satellite Data, Shengzhe Chen Jan 2022

Spatiotemporal Variability Of Snow Depth On Arctic Sea Ice In Cmip6 Models And Satellite Data, Shengzhe Chen

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The Arctic has experienced rapid environmental changes in recent decades. Motivated by the important role of snow over sea ice in influencing Arctic climate variability and change, this dissertation aims to improve our knowledge of spatiotemporal variability of snow depth and processes over Arctic sea ice in the observations and model simulations.First, we evaluate snow depth over Arctic sea ice during 1993–2014 simulated by the models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) against recent satellite retrievals. The CMIP6 models capture some aspects of the observed snow depth climatology and variability. The observed variability lies in the middle …


Equality And Justice In Aristotle's Theory Of Friendship, Mark Christopher Brennan Jan 2022

Equality And Justice In Aristotle's Theory Of Friendship, Mark Christopher Brennan

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

In this dissertation, I offer an interpretation of Aristotle’s account of friendship thatemphasizes the importance of fairness in understanding the connection that he draws between friendship and justice. Many contemporary interpretations of Aristotle conclude either that the connection between friendship and justice is primarily relevant in the context of political friendship or is primarily a concern for friendships between virtuous individuals. Such interpretations, however, tend to diminish the importance of friendships on account of usefulness and pleasure in Aristotle’s account, as well as the importance of friendships in associations other than the political association.


Radical Trachelectomy For Invasive Cervical Cancer : A Pathway To Fertility For Some, But Not Without Repercussions, Erica Jamro-Comer Jan 2022

Radical Trachelectomy For Invasive Cervical Cancer : A Pathway To Fertility For Some, But Not Without Repercussions, Erica Jamro-Comer

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

BackgroundRadical trachelectomy (RT) is a surgical procedure that offers a substantial benefit to women diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer: fertility preservation. However, as a newer surgical option, there are still many unknowns about the characteristics and outcomes of women who undergo this procedure after a cervical cancer diagnosis. Initial research in this area indicates that some disparities exist in who has the surgery versus the standard radical hysterectomy procedure; however, these are not fully understood and characterized. Furthermore, little is known about how women plan their families and how their high-risk pregnancies are managed in the absence of a standard …


Literacy And Covid-19 : Elementary Students' Reading Performance Through A Global Pandemic, Emmett Mcgregor Schweiger Jan 2022

Literacy And Covid-19 : Elementary Students' Reading Performance Through A Global Pandemic, Emmett Mcgregor Schweiger

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The critical area of literacy instruction has long relied on the use of measurement tools and the resulting data to identify at-risk readers and deliver needed supports. When the COVID-19 pandemic caused disruption to education, measurement practices were altered and there was limited existing research available to predict the potential impact of the pandemic on literacy development. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the reading performance of students in a Southern Tier New York elementary school before and during the pandemic, utilizing existing data from fall 2019 to spring 2021. Additionally, this study sought to evaluate the …


Educational Materials And Image Induction Increase Treatment Credibility, Zi Ling Fiona Low Jan 2022

Educational Materials And Image Induction Increase Treatment Credibility, Zi Ling Fiona Low

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Patient-perceived treatment credibility is linked to important outcome measures including symptom reduction, therapeutic alliance, patient satisfaction, and attrition rates. However, few studies have tested strategies to enhance treatment credibility. The present study investigates the effect of brief, written educational materials and the use of an image induction prime on perceptions of credibility for cognitive behavioral therapy and psilocybin-assisted therapy for depression. Participants (N = 493) rated the perceived credibility of depression treatments before and after reading brief educational materials. Half of the participants were asked an image induction question priming the construct of open-mindedness. Results indicate that brief educational materials …


X Ray Phase And Coherent Scatter Imaging Measurements, Pikting Cheung Jan 2022

X Ray Phase And Coherent Scatter Imaging Measurements, Pikting Cheung

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Traditional x-ray images are good for distinguishing between materials with very different absorption coefficients. However, detecting breast cancer using conventional x-ray imaging is hard because cancer tissue has similar absorption coefficients as normal tissue. Annually 43,600 women will die from breast cancer. The odds of survival are better if the cancer is diagnosed at an early stage, but mammography tends to have high rates of missed cancers. Mammography also tends to have a high false-positive rate, which leads to unnecessary biopsies. Two techniques with potential to add additional information to breast imaging have been investigated. X-ray phase imaging has been …


Institutionalized Normative Heterosexuality : The Case Of Sexual Fluidity, Nicole Lamarre Jan 2022

Institutionalized Normative Heterosexuality : The Case Of Sexual Fluidity, Nicole Lamarre

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Since Alfred Kinsey’s early exploration of sexual behaviors, identities, and desires, there has been a proliferation of studies on what is generally regarded today as sexual fluidity. Inquiry into sexual histories that are neither wholly heterosexual nor homosexual (or even bisexual) has been incredibly well documented by this time. Generally, theories about sexual fluidity have taken one of two positions. The first camp interprets sexual variance as a sign of changing times and crumbling sexual and gender binaries. The second group of theorists postulate that sexual fluidity is neither new nor a particularly positive or liberating social trend. Instead of …


Examining The Potential Of Epigenetic Age To Mediate The Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences And Locus Of Control Using The Alspac Cohort, Christopher Reddy Jan 2022

Examining The Potential Of Epigenetic Age To Mediate The Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences And Locus Of Control Using The Alspac Cohort, Christopher Reddy

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are negative events and environments (e.g., poverty) that occur during childhood and are known to undermine health and wellbeing. Adverse childhood experiences are related to cognitive outcomes in populations of children. A specific area of cognition associated with ACEs is locus of control (LoC). While the association between ACEs and LoC is clear, what is not well understood is how—that is, through what mechanism—ACEs influence LoC. The purpose of this research was to evaluate epigenetic age as a potential mechanism connecting ACEs with LoC. To address this hypothesis, a mediation model was evaluated using the Accessible …


X Ray Phase And Coherent Scatter Imaging Measurements, Mahboob Ur Rehman Jan 2022

X Ray Phase And Coherent Scatter Imaging Measurements, Mahboob Ur Rehman

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

In conventional radiography, anatomical information of the patients can be obtained, distinguishing different tissue types, e.g. bone and soft tissue. However, it is difficult to obtain appreciable contrast between two different types of soft tissues. Instead, coherent x-ray scattering can be utilized to obtain images which can differentiate between normal and cancerous cells of breast. An x-ray system using a conventional source and simple slot apertures was tested. Materials with scatter signatures that mimic breast cancer were buried in layers of fat of increasing thickness and imaged. The result showed that the contrast and signal to noise ratio (SNR) remained …


Constructing And Constraining Mobility At The New University, Rachel Sullivan Jan 2022

Constructing And Constraining Mobility At The New University, Rachel Sullivan

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The goal of this dissertation is to uncover the black box that currently envelops the student experience at New & Mobility-Granting Universities, which are defined by their ability to enroll and graduate students from traditionally underrepresented racial/ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds at a higher-than-average rate. More specifically, I use data from 65 student interviews at State U, which is a mid-sized public university, in order to show how opportunity is granted to some students through their common points of interaction with the institution—in the classroom, with advisors, within high-impact programs, and in the workplace. At the same time, I show that …


Inhibition Of Lysine Acetyltransferases Kat 3a/3b And Its Effect On Poliovirus Proliferation, Eduards Norkvests Jan 2022

Inhibition Of Lysine Acetyltransferases Kat 3a/3b And Its Effect On Poliovirus Proliferation, Eduards Norkvests

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Ribosomes have been traditionally viewed as invariable machinery, but in recent years more and more evidence for their heterogeneity has emerged. Core ribosomal proteins, ribosomal-associated proteins, and post-translational modifications all contribute to the variations found within these crucial subcellular components.In our research, we focused on lysine acetylation – a post translational modification found on many ribosomal proteins. We used a chemical inhibitor of acetyltransferases KAT 3A and KAT 3B to observe the effect that inhibiting acetylation may have in the context of translation. By using poliovirus to shut off conventional cellular translation, we were able to look at a narrow …


Salivary Gland Stromal Heterogeneity And Epithelial Controls, Nicholas L. Moskwa Jan 2022

Salivary Gland Stromal Heterogeneity And Epithelial Controls, Nicholas L. Moskwa

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Organogenesis is the process organs go through where cellular communications coordinate all a developing organ needs. What organs need are more cells, in the right place, doing the right job. In the salivary gland, we know that stromal cells are important for organogenesis and that they coordinate the epithelium’s form and functions. However, specific stromal contributions have focused on epithelial quantity and placement. There is less information about how the stroma directs the epithelium towards certain functions. Here we used organoids as a model for understanding what stromal signaling directs epithelial cell fate. We found that stromal cell state is …


A Mixed Methods Exploration Of Fairness Issues In Algorithmic Policing Systems, Emmanuel Sebastian Udoh Jan 2022

A Mixed Methods Exploration Of Fairness Issues In Algorithmic Policing Systems, Emmanuel Sebastian Udoh

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Algorithmic governance (AG) systems aim to utilize machine learning (ML) in the form of mathematical modelling and predictive analytics to achieve greater efficiency and accuracy, effect equal treatment and eliminate bias. In its application to policing, algorithmic policing (AP) or predictive policing applies tree-based risk training algorithms on criminal complaint data to predict where and when the next crime is likely to occur, and who the likeliest perpetrators and victims are. Thus, AP preemptively determines where, how, and when to deploy police resources. However, as more and more cities adopt AP, there are fears that AP may be reinforcing age-long …


Photopolymers : Environmentally Benign Technology For A Variety Of Industries, Tatyana Tarasevich Jan 2022

Photopolymers : Environmentally Benign Technology For A Variety Of Industries, Tatyana Tarasevich

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Photopolymerization is a well-known process with applications in a variety of industries. Photopolymers are formed by a reaction of monomers or oligomers, photoinitiators and in some cases crosslinkers. Upon irradiation with UV or visible light, monomers undergo conformational change to form polymers via a photochemical process. Several photopolymerization types will be discussed in this thesis. End products of photopolymerizations included epoxies, inks, coatings, photoresists, etc.


Neural Correlates And Neuroanatomy Of Juvenile And Adult Contextual Fear Memory Retention, Natalie Odynocki Jan 2022

Neural Correlates And Neuroanatomy Of Juvenile And Adult Contextual Fear Memory Retention, Natalie Odynocki

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

AbstractFear is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that allows an organism to discern potential harm and act accordingly by engaging in defensive behaviors. While fear is an adaptive response, dysregulation of fear by means of a traumatic event can lead to psychiatric conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Animal research using rodents in Pavlovian context fear conditioning experiments allows for the ability to study the underlying neural circuitry of threat-appropriate and aberrant fear learning and memory that may contribute to PTSD. However, despite reports that women are more than two times more likely to develop PTSD compared to men, the …


Evaluation Of Aquatic Plant Survey Methods For Efficacy In Invasive Species Detection, Izaac Cooper Jan 2022

Evaluation Of Aquatic Plant Survey Methods For Efficacy In Invasive Species Detection, Izaac Cooper

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Aquatic invasive plants can often be ecologically devastating to ecosystems where they are introduced. This devastation has been widely apparent in the United States, including many locations in New York State over many decades, following anthropogenic transport of species from their native ranges. Due to the difficulty involved in eradicating these plants once they have become fully established, there is keen interest in strategies for early detection to assist with prevention and monitoring to mitigate future management costs. Invasive species detection research aims to find methods for detecting new invaders more effectively. I evaluated three detection methods for their effectiveness …


Mechanisms By Which Protective Human Outer Surface Protein A Antibodies Block Transmission Of Borrelia Burgdorferi, Amber M. Frye Jan 2022

Mechanisms By Which Protective Human Outer Surface Protein A Antibodies Block Transmission Of Borrelia Burgdorferi, Amber M. Frye

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Borrelia burgdorferi (B. burgdorferi) is the causative agent of Lyme disease in the United States and Europe, which remains a major threat to public health. While currently no human Lyme disease vaccine is available, a previously licensed OspA-based vaccine was shown to effectively prevent transmission of B. burgdorferi from ticks to mammalian hosts. Concerning the vaccines mechanism of action, OspA antibodies enter the bloodmeal of a feeding tick and engage with B. burgdorferi producing OspA on their outer surface in a manner that impairs migration of the spirochete to the host; however exact antibody-spirochete interaction is unknown, despite the importance …


Causal Exclusion And Free Will Arguments, Nicholas Jacobson Jan 2022

Causal Exclusion And Free Will Arguments, Nicholas Jacobson

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

ABSTRACTIn my dissertation, I defend a compatibilist conception of free will against a variety of arguments against compatibilism, and free will more generally. In the process of defending compatibilist free will against these arguments, I will be fleshing out some details of what I think free will is. Along the way, I will be developing and defending some views on related concepts, such as the concept of control. An important theme I will be revisiting throughout is that these arguments against compatibilist free will assume certain things about causation, and particularly how different kinds of phenomena causally compete with each …


Mathematics Instructional Level As A Predictor Of Explicit Timing Fluency Intervention Success, Chasen Rain Dillon Jan 2022

Mathematics Instructional Level As A Predictor Of Explicit Timing Fluency Intervention Success, Chasen Rain Dillon

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Various evidence-based mathematic interventions have been deemed effective in remediating skill deficits. However, despite recommendation of evidence-based intervention application within Response to Intervention (RTI) frameworks, little research has been done to differentiate intervention effectiveness, specifically Explicit Timing (ET), for students who present with varying skill proficiency prior to intervention implementation. The current study utilized secondary analysis of existing ET data that was supplemented with performance feedback as part of original intervention design (i.e. ET + Feedback). The purpose was to determine whether learning rates varied among students with differential baseline proficiency with the goal of determining proficiency’s relevance to treatment …


Mechanisms Underlying Pre- And Postnatal Development Of The Mouse Vomeronasal Organ, Raghu Ram Katreddi Jan 2022

Mechanisms Underlying Pre- And Postnatal Development Of The Mouse Vomeronasal Organ, Raghu Ram Katreddi

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The Vomeronasal organ (VNO) is a specialized olfactory sensory organ located in the ventral region of the nasal cavity in rodents. The vomeronasal epithelium (VNE) of rodents is composed of 2 major types of vomeronasal sensory neurons (VSNs): 1) VSNs distributed in the apical VNE regions that express vomeronasal type-1 receptors (V1Rs) and the G protein subunit Gi2, and 2) VSNs in the basal territories of the VNE that express vomeronasal type-2 receptors (V2Rs) and the G subunit Go. Besides these two neuronal types, VNE also accommodate a third non-neuronal cell type called Sustentacular cells that lie anatomically above apical …


Ab42 Alters Glutamatergic Transmission In The Ca1 Region Of The Mouse Hippocampus, Patrick Harry Wehrle Jan 2022

Ab42 Alters Glutamatergic Transmission In The Ca1 Region Of The Mouse Hippocampus, Patrick Harry Wehrle

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease affecting 4.5 million people in the US, a number expected to increase 3-fold over the next 30 years. One of the hallmarks of AD is the extracellular accumulation of the protein Aß₄₂ throughout in the brain, particularly in limbic structures like the temporal cortex and hippocampus, key regions for learning and memory. Currently available animal models for AD aim to reproduce key genetic traits of the familial variant of the disease, but >90% of AD patients are affected by idiopathic AD. To overcome this potential limitation, we use a different approach to study …


Dynamics In Public Finance And Disaster Management : Financial Impacts Of Natural Disasters, Intergovernmental Aid, And Community-Level Social Effects, Sungyoon Lee Jan 2022

Dynamics In Public Finance And Disaster Management : Financial Impacts Of Natural Disasters, Intergovernmental Aid, And Community-Level Social Effects, Sungyoon Lee

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This dissertation explores how various types of disasters affect the financial behaviors of local governments, interacting with public managerial decisions, intergovernmental aid, and community-context effects. The first essay examines whether 1) disaster aid distribution is associated with social vulnerability indicators of affected counties given the same level of disaster damage, and 2) ethnic representativeness of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) workforce increases policy benefits in terms of disaster relief funds for counties with a higher level of vulnerability related to minority status. I use hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) to test the U.S. counties that have received disaster aid funds …


Synthesis Of Oligonucleotides Containing Unnatural Backbone And Regulation Of Crispr Activity Using Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder Chemistry, Alyssa Hoy Jan 2022

Synthesis Of Oligonucleotides Containing Unnatural Backbone And Regulation Of Crispr Activity Using Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder Chemistry, Alyssa Hoy

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This thesis describes the synthesis of an oligonucleotide containing an unnatural neutralbackbone. The backbone was constructed using bio-orthogonal inverse electron demand Diels- Alder chemistry between trans-cyclooctene (TCO) and tetrazine (Tz). A TCO phosphoramidite was synthesized and attached to solid support for strand propagation. Uridine monomers containing either bis-TCO or bis-Tz were also synthesized. The oligonucleotide strand was formed by sequential ligation of the bis-Tz and bis-TCO monomers. The oligonucleotide was analyzed using mass spectrometry. This thesis also describes the synthesis of sgRNAs containing non-canonical nucleobases, m1A, m6A, s2U and s4U using the ‘split-and-click’ methodology. The synthetic sgRNAs were assembled using …


Trace Elements In Nails And Anemia In Children Living Along The Interoceanic Highway, Madre De Dios, Peru / Narrative Competence And Cognitive Mapping As A Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy In The Education Of Emergent Bilinguals, Tia Marks Jan 2022

Trace Elements In Nails And Anemia In Children Living Along The Interoceanic Highway, Madre De Dios, Peru / Narrative Competence And Cognitive Mapping As A Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy In The Education Of Emergent Bilinguals, Tia Marks

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Anthropogenic changes in the Peruvian Amazon, including deforestation, highway development, agriculture, and artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM), have increased community concern about potential exposures toxic trace elements (TTE) including arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb). Such exposures can lead to detrimental health effects in children, such as developmental delays and anemia. The overarching goal of my dissertation was to understand exposure to both toxic and essential (manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn)) trace elements, anemia prevalence, and the associations between hemoglobin (Hb) levels and trace elements. To do this, I leveraged existing data from a …


Examining The Relationship Between Admission Requirements And Program Outcome Variables In A Special Education Teacher Preparation Program, Emily Woofenden Jan 2022

Examining The Relationship Between Admission Requirements And Program Outcome Variables In A Special Education Teacher Preparation Program, Emily Woofenden

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The need for well-prepared special education teachers makes it important to examine how to best select candidates for special education teacher preparation programs, or at least to determine which, if any, admission variables relate to program outcome measures. This study is a replication and extension of a 2012 study—it used archival data from 64 students to investigate the relationships among multiple pre-admission variables from teacher candidate applications and on-site admission tasks (undergraduate GPA, letter of reference ratings, interview ratings, math assessment scores, and a teaching skills task) and outcome variables (graduate GPA and preservice practicum teaching performance scores). The outcome …