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More Than Mere Semantics: Why Virginia Cannot Force Preferred- Pronoun Mandates On Public School Teachers Under Virginia’S Religious Freedom Restoration Act, Isaac Rizkallah

Liberty University Law Review

Right now, school administrators and jurists across the nation are wondering how to address the legal implications of the transgender movement in public schools. In response, many public schools have adopted policies requiring teachers to identify transgender students by their preferred pronouns. These preferred-pronoun mandates have created face-offs between the personal preferences of transgender students and the religious tenets of teachers. As a result, school officials and courts around the United States find themselves wedged between this clash.

Unfortunately, the tension is often resolved at the teachers’ expense. But what are the consequences? Homogenization of thought and belief among public …

How Much Can A Coffee Table Really Cost You? What To Do With Websites, Testers, And Serial Filers Within The Context Of The Ada, Ava Perez Erickson

Liberty University Law Review

Differences have been used throughout history to separate that which is deemed superior from that which is inferior. Disabilities, both physical and mental, are what history has often deemed a mark of the inferior. With little rationale to explain the occurrence of many disabilities, man turned to divine punishment and quasi-scientific movements to fill the gaps and explain the existence of what was assumed to be a lesser, plighted people. Our modern nation is no different and found itself, for the better half of the 20th century, enamored by the eugenics movement, satisfied with the explanation that disabled individuals were …

The Pass-Through Entity Tax Workaround: A Comprehensive Overview, Timothy A. Kranick

Liberty University Law Review

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) enacted a $10,000 cap on the State and Local Tax (SALT) deduction on Form 1040, Schedule A. Had this cap been implemented a year earlier, it would have impacted some 10.9 million taxpayers and would have disallowed approximately $323 billion in deductions. It was also projected that during the duration of the cap, New York taxpayers alone would pay approximately $121 billion more in federal taxes, and the state revenue would greatly suffer. In response to the cap , and as a result of its impact, states established certain workarounds, the most popular …

Striking The Right Chord: Reframing Music Copyright Through The Lens Of The First Amendment, Arielle C. Knight

Liberty University Law Review

Music, as both artistic expression and a commercial product, occupies a unique space at the intersection of copyright law and the First Amendment. While copyright law aims to promote creativity by protecting original works, its current application to music often undermines the very innovation it seeks to encourage. Courts have recognized that some musical elements are not copyrightable because they are so inherent to music that the idea merges with its expression. However, with advancements in technology such as music streaming services and AI-created music, courts increasingly face difficulties in distinguishing between protectable musical expression and the unprotectable building blocks …

Actual Innocence In Virginia: Why The Requirements For A Successful Writ Must Remain Limited, Cameron D. Barshinger

Liberty University Law Review

Benjamin Franklin once said, “It is better a hundred guilty persons should escape than one innocent person should suffer.” To achieve this goal, the Commonwealth of Virginia has implemented a system through which a falsely convicted person is given another opportunity to prove his innocence: writs of actual innocence. A writ of actual innocence provides a second chance to a person wrongfully convicted of a crime. It can allow a “murderer” to prove his innocence and expunge his record after falling short of convincing a judge or jury at trial. Virginia has strict requirements for those seeking writs of actual …

If You Want To Get Away With Indecent Exposure, Do It Online, Rebekah E. Bynum

Liberty University Law Review

If a person exposes his or her genitals to a minor in private or in public, that person would be guilty of indecent exposure. But if a person exposes his or her genitals to a minor over video chat, no harm, no foul. Similarly, if a person exposes his or her genitals to a minor via text message, there are no repercussions. Why is it that the same act—when done through a screen—functions like a loophole to a crime? The reason for this “loophole” is because of a misunderstanding of the crime of indecent exposure. The crime was developed, not …

Table Of Contents

Liberty University Law Review

No abstract provided.

Improving Quantitative Support Across An Institution Using An Ecosystem Framework, Laura Muller, Melissa Eblen-Zayas

Numeracy

In our keynote address at the 2025 National Numeracy Network Annual Meeting, we introduced the framework we developed for considering four domains of an institution’s quantitative skills/reasoning support ecosystem that includes bridge programs with a quantitative component, approaches to assessing readiness, curricular on-ramps, and supplementary support. We believe this ecosystem framework has the potential to help campus leaders coordinate institutional efforts around student success in areas connected to students’ quantitative preparation. This keynote highlighted the idea that coordination of stakeholders and their engagement with domains of the ecosystem fall along a spectrum. We provide approaches for using this framework to …

Identify Top Journals, Ibis Anette Moreno-Lozano Phd.

Day Family Research Lab Workshop Series

No abstract provided.

Neonatal Sepsis: Empiric Treatment And Monitoring Of Gentamicin Troughs In The Nicu, Aleese Palfreyman

Annual Research Symposium

No abstract provided.

Lived Experiences Of Delirium In Critically Ill Children: A Qualitative Study, Jasmin Moradi, Mirriam Mikhail, Laurie A. Lee, Chani Traube, Aimee J. Sarti, Karen Choong

Journal of Pediatric Intensive Care

Objective: To understand the lived experiences of delirium in critically ill children Materials & Methods: We conducted phenomenological qualitative interviews with critically ill pediatric survivors aged 0-18 years who had experienced delirium, along with their family caregivers and healthcare providers, from pediatric intensive care units in two tertiary care children’s hospitals in Canada. Cases were identified if they had a Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium (CAPD) score of ≥ 9 for at least 48 hours. Results: Thirteen interviews were conducted, representing 10 index patients with delirium (age range: 7 weeks to 17 years). Participants shared experiences that were divided into …

Higher Dosage Of Acetaminophen Associated With Lower Risk Of Acute Kidney Injury After Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Melissa Nater, Joshua Wong, Nobuyuki Ikeda, Brian Heenan, Rohit S. Loomba, Jamie Penk

Journal of Pediatric Intensive Care

Background: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) after pediatric cardiac surgery is manifested by injury along multiple pathways. One of these is oxidative injury related to hemolysis and subsequent deposition of hemoglobin in the kidney. Acetaminophen inhibits hemoprotein-catalyzed lipid peroxidation associated with hemolysis and in turn, may attenuate renal injury. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of patients undergoing pediatric cardiac surgery. A randomized controlled trial previously performed dictated a regimented, high dosage, acetaminophen. A historical cohort who received ad hoc acetaminophen prior to that study and that met the same inclusion/exclusion criteria were also analyzed, as patients from that era …

Acute Kidney Injury And Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome In Severe Pneumococcal Pneumonia – A Retrospective Analysis In Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Manson Chon In Kuok, Natalie Mei Lam Hsu, Stephanie Hui Fung Lai, Karen Kin Nam Wong, Winnie Winnie Chan

Journal of Pediatric Intensive Care

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in severe pediatric pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae and to identify factors associated with AKI and HUS in these patients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed pediatric patients who were admitted to our pediatric intensive care unit due to severe pneumococcal pneumonia between 2013 and 2019. Results: Forty-two patients with a median age of 4.3 years were included. Among these patients, 14 (33.3%) developed AKI, including seven (16.7%) stage 1, two (4.8%) stage 2, and five (11.9%) stage 3 AKI. Features of HUS were …

Terminal Withdrawal Of Mechanical Ventilation In A Picu, John Scott Baird, Natasha Z. Piracha, Max E. Lindeman

Journal of Pediatric Intensive Care

Objectives: Data regarding a terminal withdrawal of mechanical ventilation in pediatric patients, in particular the time-to-death, would be helpful to family and hospital staff. Methods: This retrospective case series will review the terminal withdrawal of mechanical ventilation in PICU patients at our hospital between 2015 and 2020. Results: There were 222 PICU deaths and 53 of these patients died following a terminal withdrawal of mechanical ventilation. The time-to-death was <1 hour in 37 patients, from 1 to 24 hours in 12 patients, and >24 hours in 4 patients. Neither age nor the duration of mechanical ventilation prior to terminal withdrawal of mechanical ventilation was associated with time-to-death. Terminal withdrawal of mechanical ventilation was complicated …

The Clinical Characteristics And Prognosis Of Children Presenting With New Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus In Covid-19-Related Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome, Suman Das, Kaushani Chatterjee, Gobinda Mondal, Dilip Kumar Paul, Lopamudra Mishra

Journal of Pediatric Intensive Care

Introduction: MIS-C is a hyperinflammatory process leading to multiorgan failure and shock, occurring during the acute or post-infectious stage of SARS-CoV-2, and has 2 subtypes: para-infectious and post-infectious varieties. The new onset of refractory status epilepticus has rarely been described as the presenting feature of MIS-C. Methods: This retrospective study, conducted at Dr. B. C. Roy Post Graduate Institute of Pediatric Sciences, included children hospitalised between August 1, 2020 and July 31, 2021, with NORSE and subsequently diagnosed to have MIS-C. Their clinico-demographic variables, treatment courses during hospital stays, laboratory reports, radiological and electrophysiological findings, and outcomes at discharge and …

Mitigation And Outcomes Of Difficult Bag-Mask Ventilation In Critically Ill Children, C. Hunter Daigle, Elizabeth K. Laverriere, Benjamin B. Bruins, Justin L. Lockman, John E. Fiadjoe, Nancy Mcgowan, Natalie Napolitano, Justine Shults, Vinay M. Nadkarni, Akira Nishisaki

Journal of Pediatric Intensive Care

Objectives: Difficult bag-mask ventilation (BMV) occurs in 10% of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) tracheal intubations (TI). The reasons clinicians identify difficult BMV in the PICU and the interventions used to mitigate that difficulty have not been well-studied. Methods: This is a prospective, observational, single-center study. A patient-specific data form was sent to PICU physicians supervising TIs from November 2019 through December 2020 to identify the presence of difficult BMV, attempted interventions used, and perceptions about intervention success. The dataset was linked and merged with the local TI quality database to assess safety outcomes. Results: Among 305 TIs with response …

Ecmo And Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome In Children: Outcome Review Of A Multicenter National Database, Mireille Liboiron, Matthew P. Malone, Parthak Prodhan, Clare C. Brown

Journal of Pediatric Intensive Care

Objective: Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a triad of hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure. In critically ill children with HUS, extra-renal manifestations may require intensive care unit admission and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. Outcomes specific to HUS and ECMO in children have not been well investigated. The primary aim of this project was to query a multicenter database to identify risk factors associated with mortality in HUS patients supported on ECMO. A secondary aim was to identify factors associated with ECMO utilization in children with HUS. Methods: Utilizing the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS®) database (January 2004 …

Evaluation Of Correlation And Agreement Between Spo2/Fio2 Ratio And Pao2/Fio2 Ratio In Neonates, Hemananda K. Muniraman, Abhijeet Namjoshi, Rutuja Kibe, Rangasamy Ramanathan, Manoj Biniwale, Ashley Y. Song, Ashwini Lakshmanan

Journal of Pediatric Intensive Care

Objective: To evaluate correlation and agreement between SpO2/FiO2(SF) ratio and PaO2/FiO2 (PF) ratio. To derive and validate predictive PF ratio from noninvasive SF ratio measurements for clinically relevant PF ratios and to derive SF ratio equivalent of PF ratio cutoffs used to define acute lung injury (ALI, PF<300) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS, PF<200). Methods: Retrospective cohort study including neonates with respiratory failure over a 6-year study period. Correlation and agreement between PF ratio with SF ratio was analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman analysis. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to derive PF ratio from measured PF ratio and derive corresponding SF ratio for PF ratio cutoffs for ALI and ARDS. Results: 1019 paired measurements from 196 neonates with mean 28(± 4.7) weeks gestational age and 925(±1111) grams birth weight were analyzed. Strong correlation was noted between SF ratio and PF ratio (r=0.90). Derived PF ratios from regression (1/PF =-0.0004304 + 2.0897987/SF) showed strong accuracy measures for PF ratio cutoffs <200(AUC: 0.85) and <100(AUC: 0.92) with good agreement. Equivalent SF ratio to define ALI was <450, moderate ARDS was <355 and severe ARDS was <220 with strong accuracy measures (AUC>0.81, 0.84 & 0.93 respectively). Conclusion: SF ratio correlated strongly with PF ratio with good agreement between derived PF ratio from noninvasive SpO2 source and measure PF ratio. Derived PF ratio may be useful to reliably assess severity of respiratory failure in neonates. Further studies are needed to validate SF ratio with …

Correlation Of Nonthyroidal Illness Syndrome With Extubation Outcome In Mechanically Ventilated Children: A Prospective Cohort Study, Tarek A. Abdelaziz, Mohamed Mahmoud Romih, Weaam Ibrahim Ismail, Khadija Al Mabrouk Emhalhal, Eman Gamal Baz

Journal of Pediatric Intensive Care

Objective: This study aimed to assess the relationship between nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) and extubation outcomes in pediatric patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Methods: This prospective cohort study included 59 patients who underwent mechanical ventilation in the pediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary care university hospital from July 2020 to June 2021. Each patient underwent laboratory testing including serum levels of TSH, free T3, free T4, and reverse T3 on the first and third days of mechanical ventilation. Results: On the first day of mechanical ventilation, 62.7% of patients had low free T3, which significantly increased to 78% of patients …

In Situ: Unearthing Family Histories And Reconciling The Gaps In Our Records, Sangamithra Iyer

Creative Nonfiction Magazine

No abstract provided.

Back Matter

Creative Nonfiction Magazine

No abstract provided.

Translations Of Time, Shannon Swearingen

Creative Nonfiction Magazine

No abstract provided.

The Lengthening Of Time, Shannon Swearingen

Creative Nonfiction Magazine

No abstract provided.

Not-So-Famous Last Words, Bridey Heing

Creative Nonfiction Magazine

No abstract provided.

Tiny Truths

Creative Nonfiction Magazine

No abstract provided.

Good Grief … Books, Rachel Beanland

Creative Nonfiction Magazine

No abstract provided.

An Honest Application, Nathan Elliott

Creative Nonfiction Magazine

No abstract provided.

Until My Number Is Up, Sue William Silverman

Creative Nonfiction Magazine

No abstract provided.

End Over End, Mylène Dressler

Creative Nonfiction Magazine

No abstract provided.

Lost And Found, Josephine A. Fitzpatrick

Creative Nonfiction Magazine

No abstract provided.