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Total Cholesterol Is Not Associated With Dxa-Derived Visceral Adipose Tissue In Collegiate Rugby Union Athletes, Regan Renfro, Hayden Johnson, Christian Rivera, Stephanie Hansford, Dalton Prye, Matthew Poole, Saheed Jaiyeola, Sage A. Newman, Adesiji Adetona, Oscar Woodside, Jmya Hughes, Preston James, Kelly Hines, Jade Simon, Drew E. Gonzalez, Christopher D. Greenleaf, Micheil Spillane Feb 2026

Total Cholesterol Is Not Associated With Dxa-Derived Visceral Adipose Tissue In Collegiate Rugby Union Athletes, Regan Renfro, Hayden Johnson, Christian Rivera, Stephanie Hansford, Dalton Prye, Matthew Poole, Saheed Jaiyeola, Sage A. Newman, Adesiji Adetona, Oscar Woodside, Jmya Hughes, Preston James, Kelly Hines, Jade Simon, Drew E. Gonzalez, Christopher D. Greenleaf, Micheil Spillane

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Visceral fat has shown a direct correlation with unhealthy cholesterol levels. PURPOSE: Determine the association between point-of-care total cholesterol (TC) and DXA-derived visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in collegiate rugby union athletes. METHODS: Twenty-one male rugby athletes (age 21.7±2.1 y; BMI 28.9±6.7 kg/m²) completed morning testing (06:00-09:00 h) following an overnight fast, post-void, no caffeine ≥12 h, and no exercise ≥24 h; hydration was screened prior to DXA. TC (mg/dL) was assessed from capillary whole blood via fingerstick using an Accutrend Plus analyzer. Values below the device reporting limit (<150 mg/dL; 3.88 mmol/L) were set to 150 mg/dL for analysis. VAT mass (g) was quantified via whole-body DXA (Hologic Horizon W; APEX v5.6.1.3 rev 007, standard tissue analysis; daily QC within tolerance). Pearson correlations examined TC vs VAT; secondary analyses included TC vs BMI and a sensitivity analysis excluding a VAT outlier (1.5×IQR) (p<0.05). RESULTS: TC was 162.3±19.4 mg/dL (range 150-220); 10/21 (47.6%) were below …

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Acute And Short-Term Effects Of Creatine Supplementation On Urinary Creatinine And Body Water In Young Healthy Adults: A Preliminary Analysis, Kelsi R. Lambright, Cayla Clark, Tatiana C. Gaibor Verdezoto, Edwin J. Davila, Darryn Willoughby, Dan E. Newmire Feb 2026

Acute And Short-Term Effects Of Creatine Supplementation On Urinary Creatinine And Body Water In Young Healthy Adults: A Preliminary Analysis, Kelsi R. Lambright, Cayla Clark, Tatiana C. Gaibor Verdezoto, Edwin J. Davila, Darryn Willoughby, Dan E. Newmire

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Creatine monohydrate is one of the most widely used ergogenic supplements; however, acute and short-term changes in urinary markers following supplementation are not fully characterized in healthy adults. PURPOSE: To examine acute (3 h, 6 h) and short-term (8 d) changes in urinary creatinine measures following creatine supplementation in healthy males and females. METHODS: Eighteen recreationally active young adults (8 females; 21.4 ± 3.1 years, 171.2 ± 10.0 cm, 72.6 ± 13.6 kg, and 24.6 ± 4.8 kg/m2) completed the study thus far. Participants ingested creatine monohydrate supplementation at a dose of 5 g·day⁻¹ for 7 consecutive days. Measures were …

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Appendicular Lean Mass Index Compared With Normative Values In Male Collegiate Rugby Athletes, Hayden Johnson, Dalton Prye, Jade Simon, Christian Rivera, Stephanie Hansford, Regan Renfro, Matthew Poole, Saheed Jaiyeola, Sage A. Newman, Adesiji Adetona, Oscar Woodside, Jmya Hughes, Preston James, Kelly Hines, Drew E. Gonzalez, Christopher D. Greenleaf, Micheil Spillane Feb 2026

Appendicular Lean Mass Index Compared With Normative Values In Male Collegiate Rugby Athletes, Hayden Johnson, Dalton Prye, Jade Simon, Christian Rivera, Stephanie Hansford, Regan Renfro, Matthew Poole, Saheed Jaiyeola, Sage A. Newman, Adesiji Adetona, Oscar Woodside, Jmya Hughes, Preston James, Kelly Hines, Drew E. Gonzalez, Christopher D. Greenleaf, Micheil Spillane

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Low appendicular lean mass index (ALMI) is used to characterize skeletal muscle status, yet normative comparisons for strength-trained athletes remain limited. PURPOSE: To describe appendicular lean mass (ALM) and ALMI in male collegiate rugby union athletes, compare values by position group, and contextualize against published reference and international rugby union norms. METHODS: Twenty-one male collegiate rugby union athletes (age 21.7 ± 2.2 y; 177.7 ± 8.8 cm; 91.7 ± 23.4 kg) completed whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA; Hologic Horizon W; APEX v5.6) between 0600–0900 h, fasted and post-void, after 24 h exercise abstinence; hydration was assessed via urine specific gravity …

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Urine Specific Gravity Is Not Associated With Bioimpedance-Derived Total Body Water In Collegiate Rugby Athletes, Stephanie Hansford, Hayden Johnson, Christian Rivera, Regan Renfro, Dalton Prye, Matthew Poole, Saheed Jaiyeola, Sage A. Newman, Adesiji Adetona, Oscar Woodside, Jmya Hughes, Preston James, Kelly Hines, Jade Simon, Drew E. Gonzalez, Christopher D. Greenleaf, Micheil Spillane Feb 2026

Urine Specific Gravity Is Not Associated With Bioimpedance-Derived Total Body Water In Collegiate Rugby Athletes, Stephanie Hansford, Hayden Johnson, Christian Rivera, Regan Renfro, Dalton Prye, Matthew Poole, Saheed Jaiyeola, Sage A. Newman, Adesiji Adetona, Oscar Woodside, Jmya Hughes, Preston James, Kelly Hines, Jade Simon, Drew E. Gonzalez, Christopher D. Greenleaf, Micheil Spillane

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Collegiate rugby athletes often report inadequate fluid intake, yet their large body size yields high absolute total body water (TBW). PURPOSE: To examine relationships between urine specific gravity (USG) and bioimpedance-derived TBW and extracellular water (ECW) during T1 testing in male collegiate rugby players. METHODS: Twenty-one male collegiate rugby athletes provided a first-morning, midstream clean-catch urine sample upon arrival (06:00-09:00 h) following an overnight fast; caffeine was restricted for 12 h and fluid intake was ad libitum. Urine specific gravity (USG; semi-quantitative strip output) was assessed via Siemens CLINITEK Status+ with Multistix 10 SG; urine color was recorded. Total body …

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Concentric Vs. Eccentric Asymmetry In Force Production During Pushups, Olivia D. Broaddus, Miah Barras, Dacia Martinez-Diaz, Charles Layne, Craig Johnston Feb 2026

Concentric Vs. Eccentric Asymmetry In Force Production During Pushups, Olivia D. Broaddus, Miah Barras, Dacia Martinez-Diaz, Charles Layne, Craig Johnston

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

BACKGROUND: The need for a commentary on eccentric vs concentric movement profiles stems from the innate difference in biomechanical activity during each of the two phases of movement. While all involved muscles experience stress and/or fatigue throughout the course of the exercise, the emerging nature of the stress and/or fatigue can be attributed differently at different points. The Bilateral Asymmetry index (BAI) may present in different ways in accordance with how the stresses/fatigue present. Given this variation in function, there is a need to identify eccentric vs concentric BAI. PURPOSE: Exploring the difference in BAI for an eccentric …

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Validation Of Bertec Force Plate Treadmill For Asymmetry Measures, Miah A. Barras, Olivia D. Broaddus, Dacia Martinez-Diaz, Charles Layne, Craig Johnston Feb 2026

Validation Of Bertec Force Plate Treadmill For Asymmetry Measures, Miah A. Barras, Olivia D. Broaddus, Dacia Martinez-Diaz, Charles Layne, Craig Johnston

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

BACKGROUND: The current literature establishes the existence and detrimental impact of high levels of asymmetry in a range of physical capacities in the general population as well as performance athletes.  Given the influence of symmetry, there is a need to identify validated ways to measure it. Despite this, no uniform method of quantifying inter-limb differences exists to date. Furthermore, few studies compare bilateral data when limbs act concurrently as a functional system. One possible application of this measure is to measure the impact of an asymmetric training protocol on bilateral force production. Its theoretical applications remain untested in many circumstances, …

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Body Composition Profiling Of Firefighters Who Reported Workers’ Compensation: Are Those Who Filed Fit For Duty Part 2, Jade Simon, Sage A. Newman, Kelly Hines, Newman Brian, Michael Conner, Drew E. Gonzalez Feb 2026

Body Composition Profiling Of Firefighters Who Reported Workers’ Compensation: Are Those Who Filed Fit For Duty Part 2, Jade Simon, Sage A. Newman, Kelly Hines, Newman Brian, Michael Conner, Drew E. Gonzalez

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Firefighting requires resilience, good fitness, and body composition to prevent injuries. Excess fat and low lean mass raise the risk of MSK injuries like strains, which account for over half of firefighter injuries annually. Identifying fitness and body composition factors related to injury claims can help prevent injuries and reduce occupational risk strain. PURPOSE: We compared the BC profiles of those who filed for workers' compensation (WC) to those who did not. METHODS: Archival data for 499 career firefighters—466 men and 28 women—were analyzed from annual clinical testing. Body composition was measured via bioelectrical impedance. Participants reported whether …

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A Preliminary Comparison Of Muscle Oxygenation Measures Via Nirs To Running Economy Changes Elicited By An Advanced Footwear Technology Intervention, Juliana G. Courville, Dustin P. Joubert Feb 2026

A Preliminary Comparison Of Muscle Oxygenation Measures Via Nirs To Running Economy Changes Elicited By An Advanced Footwear Technology Intervention, Juliana G. Courville, Dustin P. Joubert

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Advanced footwear technology (AFT) has consistently been shown to improve running economy (RE) in laboratory settings, as reflected by a reduction in oxygen consumption (VO2) at a given running speed. Traditionally, RE is measured with a metabolic cart; however, metabolic cart access is limited due to equipment cost and laboratory dependence. Recent technological advancements in near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provide a noninvasive means of assessing local muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) on the working muscle in real time and can be used in both laboratory and field settings. While previous literature has found similarities between NIRS data …

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A Comparison Of The Energetic Cost Of Walking With And Without A 10-Pound Weighted Vest, Aaliyah R. Brown, Dustin P. Joubert Feb 2026

A Comparison Of The Energetic Cost Of Walking With And Without A 10-Pound Weighted Vest, Aaliyah R. Brown, Dustin P. Joubert

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Walking is a widely utilized mode of aerobic exercise for improving cardiovascular health and increasing energy expenditure. Wearing a relatively light, weighted vest during walking exercise has recently grown in popularity. Despite this, it is unclear how these weighted vests impact the physiological workload or metabolic demand during walking. PURPOSE: Compare the energetic cost and cardiovascular response of walking with and without a 10-lb weighted vest. METHODS: Following screening and consent, 9 subjects (29 ± 15 years, 72.8 ± 16.5 kg, 7 female and 2 male) completed a single walking exercise session. Subjects first completed a 10-minute warm-up …

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Individuals Who Use E-Cigarettes Exhibit Reduced Sleep Duration And Longer Sleep Onset Latency: A Preliminary Report, Summer R. Franklin, Kimberly M. Jacob, Kaeda B. Reamer, Erica M. Filep Dr., Amiee M. Griffis, Joshua E. Gonzalez Feb 2026

Individuals Who Use E-Cigarettes Exhibit Reduced Sleep Duration And Longer Sleep Onset Latency: A Preliminary Report, Summer R. Franklin, Kimberly M. Jacob, Kaeda B. Reamer, Erica M. Filep Dr., Amiee M. Griffis, Joshua E. Gonzalez

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Cross-sectional survey-based studies have indicated that individuals who use e-cigarettes are more likely to report insufficient sleep. However, there is a lack of objective information on how e-cigarettes influence sleep. Insufficient sleep is associated with the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and may compound the CVD risks already associated with e-cigarette use. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to objectively compare the sleep of individuals who use e-cigarettes and healthy controls. We tested the hypothesis that individuals who use e-cigarettes would have shorter sleep duration and longer sleep onset latency times. METHODS: The sleep behaviors of 29 healthy adult …

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The Effect Of Different Post-Activation Potentiation Protocols On Peak Muscle Torque During Knee Extension, Kaileb Bayliss, Steven Prince, Casi Helbig Feb 2026

The Effect Of Different Post-Activation Potentiation Protocols On Peak Muscle Torque During Knee Extension, Kaileb Bayliss, Steven Prince, Casi Helbig

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Post-activation potentiation is an important tool to utilize when trying to optimize exercise and sport performance. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze different protocol lengths to determine if the post-activation potentiation effect can still manifest after just 1 specific warm up set vs. multiple specific warm up sets. METHODS: Subjects included eighteen college students from Texas Lutheran University with a mean age of 21.67 years (+/-2.70), height of 66.68 inches (+/-3.12), and weight of 176.56 pounds (+/-44.77). The subjects started the first session with a GWU that manifested as a 5 minute walk on an …

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Carbohydrate Effects On Cycling Time To Exhaustion Following Exercise-Induced Glycogen Depletion: Preliminary Data, Ross Moody, Nicole Cipriano, Macilynn E. Coles, Jason Stephens, Sarah Deemer Feb 2026

Carbohydrate Effects On Cycling Time To Exhaustion Following Exercise-Induced Glycogen Depletion: Preliminary Data, Ross Moody, Nicole Cipriano, Macilynn E. Coles, Jason Stephens, Sarah Deemer

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: In recent years, there has been a rise in the popularity of zero sugar sports drinks which contain fewer calories (from reduced carbohydrate (CHO) content), while maintaining identical electrolyte content. However, substantial evidence demonstrates that CHO consumption before or during exercise enhances performance and supports recovery. Because zero-sugar sports drinks contain only a fraction of the carbohydrate found in traditional full-sugar formulations, they may be less effective for supporting recovery and subsequent performance following muscle-fatiguing exercise. This study investigates whether consuming a full sugar (CHO+), a zero-sugar (CHO-), or water drink following lower-body muscle fatiguing exercise improves cycling …

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Prep Monitoring, Coaching Presence, And Competitive Anxiety In Bodybuilders, Rafael E. Cachutt, Samantha S. Dardaman, Christian O. Quintero, Stephen E. Rowden, Maddox B. Utter, Scott B. Martin Feb 2026

Prep Monitoring, Coaching Presence, And Competitive Anxiety In Bodybuilders, Rafael E. Cachutt, Samantha S. Dardaman, Christian O. Quintero, Stephen E. Rowden, Maddox B. Utter, Scott B. Martin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Competitive bodybuilding involves severe dietary restriction, high training demands, and constant evaluation of physique-related outcomes. Within the sport, it is common for competitors to engage in intensive prep monitoring behaviors such as tracking caloric intake and training load to support contest preparation. As contest prep practices may tax attentional resources and disrupt emotional regulation of competitors, some athletes utilize formal coaching to assist with performance monitoring while others engage in self-coaching strategies. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine sport anxiety levels amongst competitive bodybuilders who engage in prep monitoring behaviors. Additionally, the contribution of coaching presence was …

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Comparing Oxygen Consumption Across Different Running Surfaces, Emily L. Chaires, Breanna Steele, Edward Merritt Feb 2026

Comparing Oxygen Consumption Across Different Running Surfaces, Emily L. Chaires, Breanna Steele, Edward Merritt

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

INTRODUCTION: Biomechanical analyses demonstrate how gait is affected by ground surface, however the metabolic cost of running over specific surface types is not as well understood. Cross-country runners routinely encounter multiple surfaces during a run, so understanding how oxygen demand might change for a given pace is important for training and racing. PURPOSE: This study examined whether running on grass increased oxygen consumption compared to running on a synthetic track during steady state overground running in trained collegiate runners. We hypothesize that oxygen cost will be higher on grass. METHODS: Fifteen Division III runners completed two counterbalanced 10-minute trials—one on …

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The Effect Of Attentional Focus Cues On Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull Performance, Terry J. Ray Iii, Emily Chaires, Tatiana Zhuravleva Feb 2026

The Effect Of Attentional Focus Cues On Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull Performance, Terry J. Ray Iii, Emily Chaires, Tatiana Zhuravleva

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether different attentional focus cues influence maximal force production during the isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP). Previous literature suggests that internally focused cues may constrain motor output, whereas external or holistic cues may enhance performance. METHODS: Thirty-one fadults (18–35 yrs) completed eight maximal IMTP trials in a randomized, within-subjects design. Participants performed two mid-thigh pulls under each of four conditions: control (“focus on doing your best”), internal (“focus on contracting your legs as hard as possible”), external (“focus on pushing the ground as hard as possible”), and holistic (“focus on being as …

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Comparable Whole-Body Bone Mineral Density And Lean Mass In Older Recreational Pickleball Participants And Younger Sedentary Women: A Pilot Feasibility Study, Guillermo Perez, Kamila Naranjo, Ayah R. Elshafie, Pamela Gonzalez, Hashim A. Elshafie, Victoria Garcia, Areli Cisneros, Jabeth Azpeitia, Rebekah D. Schlatter, Ulku Karabulut Feb 2026

Comparable Whole-Body Bone Mineral Density And Lean Mass In Older Recreational Pickleball Participants And Younger Sedentary Women: A Pilot Feasibility Study, Guillermo Perez, Kamila Naranjo, Ayah R. Elshafie, Pamela Gonzalez, Hashim A. Elshafie, Victoria Garcia, Areli Cisneros, Jabeth Azpeitia, Rebekah D. Schlatter, Ulku Karabulut

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Age-related declines in bone mineral density, lean mass, and muscular power contribute to increased risk of functional impairment in women. Recreational pickleball involves dynamic, weight-bearing movements that may support musculoskeletal health; however, laboratory-based comparisons across age groups remain limited. PURPOSE: This pilot study evaluated the feasibility of laboratory-based assessment of whole-body bone mineral density (BMD), body composition, and lower-body power in recreational pickleball participants and sedentary women and explored preliminary age-adjusted group differences. METHODS: Ten women participated (5 sedentary; 5 recreational pickleball participants ≥2 sessions/week). Mean age was 31.6 years in sedentary women and 63.6 years in pickleball …

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Evaluating Nfpa 1580 And Nfpa 1582 Occupational Readiness Standards Via Physiological Profiling And Discriminative Analyses, Taylor Benard, Regan Lariviere, Michael Conner, Micheil Spillane, Steven E. Martin, Drew E. Gonzalez Feb 2026

Evaluating Nfpa 1580 And Nfpa 1582 Occupational Readiness Standards Via Physiological Profiling And Discriminative Analyses, Taylor Benard, Regan Lariviere, Michael Conner, Micheil Spillane, Steven E. Martin, Drew E. Gonzalez

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Firefighters are currently assessed using NFPA 1582 standards based on job-specific aerobic capacity. Recent shifts to broad percentile categories raise concerns that these criteria may be less strict and misclassify firefighters as fit. As more are deemed ready, there's worry that lowering fitness thresholds could weaken high-risk readiness screening occupation. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine how effectively NFPA 1580 and NFPA 1582 occupational readiness standards stratify firefighter fitness and discriminate pass/fail status using physiological and performance-based measures. METHODS: Archival data from annual clinical tests on 144 FFs were analyzed. FFs were classified per NFPA …

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Do Greater Years Of Service Subject The Firefighter To Poor Physical Performance And Body Composition Profiling?, Regan Lariviere, Taylor Benard, Michael Conner, Micheil Spillane, Steven E. Martin, Drew E. Gonzalez Feb 2026

Do Greater Years Of Service Subject The Firefighter To Poor Physical Performance And Body Composition Profiling?, Regan Lariviere, Taylor Benard, Michael Conner, Micheil Spillane, Steven E. Martin, Drew E. Gonzalez

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Firefighters face higher CVD risks from stress, aging, and irregular activity. Years of experience (YXP) also worsen health by accelerating age-related declines in body composition, biomarkers, and performance. However, studies on performance across experience levels are limited assessed. PURPOSE: To profile various physical performance and body composition parameters by YXP-related groupings among FFs. METHODS: Archival data from annual clinical testing of 142 FFs were analyzed. Groups were defined as those with <2.5, 2.5 to 5, 5 to 10, 10-15, and >15 YXP. General linear models (GLM) were employed for both multivariate and univariate analyses, utilizing Fisher’s Least Significant Difference tests. To evaluate pairwise mean comparisons and post-hoc …

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Lat Pulldown Load Velocity Profiling In Upper-Body Dominant Athletes: A Preliminary Report, Darian B. Hastings, Benjamin P. Doyle, John D. Tebbetts, Bryan B. Crutcher, J Bryan Mann Feb 2026

Lat Pulldown Load Velocity Profiling In Upper-Body Dominant Athletes: A Preliminary Report, Darian B. Hastings, Benjamin P. Doyle, John D. Tebbetts, Bryan B. Crutcher, J Bryan Mann

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The lat pulldown (LPD) is a common strength exercise aimed to improve maximal strength and power of the latissimus dorsi, the primary agonist muscle for vertical pulling patterns common in sports such as swimming and sport climbing. There is limited research supporting the use of load velocity profiling of the LPD exercise for determining maximal vertical pulling power in upper-body dominant athletes and using these profiles to predict sport-specific performance capabilities. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to validate the use of load velocity profiling of the LPD exercise as a predictive measure of vertical pulling power in upper-body …

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Video Games, Age, And Athlete Status: Predictors Of Youth Sport Participation Intent, Trey J. Danos, Jordan A. Blazo, Travis E. Dorsch Feb 2026

Video Games, Age, And Athlete Status: Predictors Of Youth Sport Participation Intent, Trey J. Danos, Jordan A. Blazo, Travis E. Dorsch

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Video games are a popular cultural object for children and adolescents. However, the impact that video games have on the intention to participate in sport is understudied. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether video games can influence the intention to participate in sport based on age groups and participation in sport. METHODS: Data were collected through the Aspen Institute Sports & Society’s 2026 Project Play initiative. 3,946 children, aged ten to seventeen, participated in a survey nationally, in which they were asked a battery of questions related to their demographics, such as age and …

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Aerobic Capacity And Maximal Work Performance In Firefighters: The Role Of Age And Body Composition In Occupational Health Risk, Payton E. Miller, Michael Conner, Grant M. Tinsley, Drew E. Gonzalez, Christine M. Florez, Carina M. Velasquez, Kelly Hines, Jacob A. Mota Feb 2026

Aerobic Capacity And Maximal Work Performance In Firefighters: The Role Of Age And Body Composition In Occupational Health Risk, Payton E. Miller, Michael Conner, Grant M. Tinsley, Drew E. Gonzalez, Christine M. Florez, Carina M. Velasquez, Kelly Hines, Jacob A. Mota

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Firefighting requires repeated bouts of high-intensity physical work performed under extreme environmental conditions, placing substantial strain on the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of on-duty firefighter fatalities, with the majority of deaths occurring among firefighters aged 40 years and older. Physiological characteristics such as age and body composition influence aerobic capacity and maximal work performance, both of which are critical and essential while performing strenuous operations. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine how age, sex, and body composition affect aerobic capacity (VO2peak) and maximal work capacity (Wmax …

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From Sit To Fit: Evaluating Active Workstations At Southwestern University, Caylin Damron, Lily Mcwhorter, Vanessa Mikan Phd Feb 2026

From Sit To Fit: Evaluating Active Workstations At Southwestern University, Caylin Damron, Lily Mcwhorter, Vanessa Mikan Phd

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Prolonged sedentary behavior among university students, faculty, and staff is associated with increased risk of chronic disease, poorer mental well-being, and diminished academic and occupational performance. As institutions seek practical strategies to integrate movement into the day, active workstations (e.g., sit-to-stand desks and desk bikes) have emerged as a promising approach to reduce sitting time while supporting productivity and overall health. PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of active workstations among the Southwestern University community and examine their perceived impact on physical activity levels, productivity and focus, stress and anxiety, and overall sedentary behavior. METHODS: Twenty-six participants (faculty, staff, and students) …

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The Weight Of Performance: Body Fat Percentage And Physical Fitness In Special Olympic Basketball Players, Julian J. Gonzales, Misty Kesterson, Ronald L. Snarr, Marcus D. Thompson, Don Melrose Feb 2026

The Weight Of Performance: Body Fat Percentage And Physical Fitness In Special Olympic Basketball Players, Julian J. Gonzales, Misty Kesterson, Ronald L. Snarr, Marcus D. Thompson, Don Melrose

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Special populations include a variety of different conditions, including Down Syndrome, Autism, and Marfan’s Syndrome to name a few. Some conditions may have similar changes in Fat Mass (FM) and Fat Free Mass (FFM), while others have varying differences. PURPOSE: Due to this wide range of varying body compositions within these special populations, in this study, we want to see just how much influence body fat percentage (BF%) may play in physical fitness performance. METHODS: Eleven (11) participants with various intellectual/physical disabilities completed a battery of tests to assess their physical fitness. The tests comprised of an Inbody Bioelectrical Impedance …

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Associations Between Lower Limb Stiffness And Baseball Pitching And Batting Velocity Are Influenced By Playing Level And Body Mass, Natalie E. Bravo, Benjamin P. Doyle, J Bryan Mann Feb 2026

Associations Between Lower Limb Stiffness And Baseball Pitching And Batting Velocity Are Influenced By Playing Level And Body Mass, Natalie E. Bravo, Benjamin P. Doyle, J Bryan Mann

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Previous research shows a positive relationship between countermovement jump (CMJ) stiffness and baseball pitching velocity, suggesting that athletes who exhibit greater spring-like lower limb mechanics may generate greater throwing speeds. However, it remains unclear whether this relationship persists for batting or if these relationships remain consistent across playing levels. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between CMJ-derived lower limb stiffness and both pitching and batting velocity across high school (HS), collegiate (COL), and professional (PRO) baseball players. METHODS: HS, COL, and PRO baseball players performed countermovement jumps using dual force plates (1000 Hz). …

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The Role Of Attentional Focus In Ergometer Rowing Performance, Ana C. Morales Elizondo, Tatiana Zhuravleva Feb 2026

The Role Of Attentional Focus In Ergometer Rowing Performance, Ana C. Morales Elizondo, Tatiana Zhuravleva

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The effects of internal attentional cues versus external attentional cues have produced inconclusive findings regarding which attentional cue is more beneficial (Newmann, et al. 2020). Recent research has found a holistic approach that improves performance and learning in discrete tasks like vertical jumps; however, it has not been investigated with continuous tasks like rowing. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of internal, external, and holistic attentional cues on ergometer rowing performance. METHODS: Thirty-seven participants performed a six-minute ergometer rowing task across three different sessions, with at least 48 hours between each session, in a counterbalanced …

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How Self-Talk Affects Performance Among Ncaa Division Iii Female Athletes, Micah Rabey, Briannah Mejias, Giana Hilliard, Cambryn Holloway, Matt Robinson, Kristen Mcalexander Feb 2026

How Self-Talk Affects Performance Among Ncaa Division Iii Female Athletes, Micah Rabey, Briannah Mejias, Giana Hilliard, Cambryn Holloway, Matt Robinson, Kristen Mcalexander

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Self-talk alters mental toughness, emotional control, and behavioral reactions, and can affect an athlete’s cognitive and psychological condition throughout training, competition, and practice. Few studies have examined the role of self-talk specifically among female athletes and no known study has measured its effects among female athletes at the NCAA Division III level. PURPOSE: Examine how NCAA Division III female student athletes describe the role of self-talk in their athletic performance and identify specific ways they perceive self-talk, its functions during training and competition, and its impact on focus, motivation, confidence, and overall performance. METHODS: In the Fall of 2025, modified …

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Bacterial Folliculitis In A Patient With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Melissa D. Long Feb 2026

Bacterial Folliculitis In A Patient With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Melissa D. Long

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

CASE HISTORY: The patient is a 15-year-old female who plays volleyball and basketball with a medical history that includes a diagnosis of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis at the age of eight. The patient’s chief complaint is a rash only on her legs and abdomen. She denies pain with the rash but admits that it has been active for about 4 weeks. The patient denies changing laundry detergents or contact with any new pets or plants. The patient admits to not showering after basketball practice because practice is during the first period of the school day, and time does not allow …

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Acute Effects Of Carbon Fiber Plate Insoles On Drop-Jump Performance And Force Characteristics In Recreationally Trained Adults, Becca Henicke, Boram Lim Feb 2026

Acute Effects Of Carbon Fiber Plate Insoles On Drop-Jump Performance And Force Characteristics In Recreationally Trained Adults, Becca Henicke, Boram Lim

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Carbon fiber plate insoles (CFPI) are designed to increase footwear stiffness and may improve elastic energy utilization during human locomotion. However, most research has focused on CFPI effects in running and sprinting, particularly endurance running, with limited evidence examining their impact on plyometric performance that relies heavily on the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC), a key mechanism underlying many sports movements.  Because SSC involves a rapid eccentric-to-concentric transition that stores and releases elastic energy, the drop jump provides a practical model to assess SSC efficiency with and without CFPI. PURPOSE: To examine the effects of CFPI on SSC efficiency and jump …

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Relationships Between Autonomic Dysfunction In Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus And Circulating Sex Hormones In Male Rats, Arianna Lopez, Milena Samora, Ali Mossayebi, Maryam Zilaei Bouri, Lindsay Thompson, Elena Moralesgrahl, Dana Sheinhaus, Andrea Gore, Michelle L. Harrison, Audrey J. Stone Feb 2026

Relationships Between Autonomic Dysfunction In Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus And Circulating Sex Hormones In Male Rats, Arianna Lopez, Milena Samora, Ali Mossayebi, Maryam Zilaei Bouri, Lindsay Thompson, Elena Moralesgrahl, Dana Sheinhaus, Andrea Gore, Michelle L. Harrison, Audrey J. Stone

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is associated with a temporal exaggerated exercise pressor reflex in rats. Previous studies suggest that T1D can alter sex hormones and that supplementation of sex hormones attenuates a normal exercise pressor reflex. PURPOSE: To determine circulating concentrations of sex hormones, specifically estradiol (E), progesterone (P4), and testosterone (T), during different stages of T1D and compare those findings to the exercise pressor reflex evoked by the same male rats. METHODS: Experiments were performed in male Sprague-Dawley T1D (induced via streptozotocin (STZ)) or healthy rats (n= 39). Terminal experiments were conducted at 1-week (early) …

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Ncaa Division Iii Athletes’ Perceptions Of Impactful Peer Leadership​, Gabriel Palacios, Andrea Eckermann, Justin Gooden, Caden Battenfield, Matthew Robinson, Kristen Mcalexander Feb 2026

Ncaa Division Iii Athletes’ Perceptions Of Impactful Peer Leadership​, Gabriel Palacios, Andrea Eckermann, Justin Gooden, Caden Battenfield, Matthew Robinson, Kristen Mcalexander

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

While sport leadership strongly influences team cohesion, motivation, and success, most research focuses on coaches rather than peer athletic leaders. PURPOSE: Explore common characteristics among peer athletic leaders and how they influence a team’s motivation and success. METHODS: In the Fall of 2025, modified questions from the Leadership Scale for Sport (LSS) and the Grit Scale-Original (GS-O), measuring leadership behaviors, leadership qualities, team dynamics, and the influence of peer leaders, were emailed to student athletes at a NCAA Division III University. RESULTS: Thirteen participants (M age= 20.15 years, SD=1.46 years) representing five sports (basketball N=8, cross country N=1, soccer N=1, …

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