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Patterns Of Choice Adaptation In Dynamic Risky Environments, E Konstantinidis, J L. Harman, C Gonzalez May 2022

Patterns Of Choice Adaptation In Dynamic Risky Environments, E Konstantinidis, J L. Harman, C Gonzalez

Faculty Publications

An important aspect of making good decisions is the ability to adapt to changes in the values of available choice options, and research suggests that we are poor at changing behavior and adapting our choices successfully. The current paper contributes to clarifying the role of memory on learning and successful adaptation to changing decision environments. We test two aspects of changing decision environments: the direction of change and the type of feedback. The direction of change refers to how options become more or less rewarding compared to other options, over time. Feedback refers to whether full or partial information about …

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Zein And Lignin-Based Nanoparticles As Soybean Seed Treatment: Translocation And Impact On Seed And Plant Health, Tímea Kacsó, Eban A. Hanna, Fallon Salinas, Carlos E. Astete, Ede Bodoki, Radu Oprean, Paul P. Price, Vinson P. Doyle, Colin A.R. Bonser, Jeffrey A. Davis, Cristina M. Sabliov May 2022

Zein And Lignin-Based Nanoparticles As Soybean Seed Treatment: Translocation And Impact On Seed And Plant Health, Tímea Kacsó, Eban A. Hanna, Fallon Salinas, Carlos E. Astete, Ede Bodoki, Radu Oprean, Paul P. Price, Vinson P. Doyle, Colin A.R. Bonser, Jeffrey A. Davis, Cristina M. Sabliov

Faculty Publications

Zein nanoparticles (ZNPs) were synthesized with a cationic surfactant, didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (122.9 ± 0.8 nm, + 59.7 ± 4.4 mV) and a non-ionic surfactant, Tween 80 (118.7 ± 1.7 nm, + 26.4 ± 1.1 mV). Lignin-graft-poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticles (LNPs) were made without surfactants (52.9 ± 0.2 nm, − 54.9 ± 0.5 mV). Both samples were applied as antifungal seed treatments on soybeans, and their impact on germination and plant health was assessed. Treated seeds showed high germination rates (> 90% for all treatment groups), similar to the control group (100%). Root and stem lengths and the dry biomass of treated …

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Evaluation Of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Tumor Matrix, Alejandra Ham May 2022

Evaluation Of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Tumor Matrix, Alejandra Ham

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Examining The Relationship Between Health-Related Fitness And Motor Competence In College-Aged Students, Michael Crick May 2022

Examining The Relationship Between Health-Related Fitness And Motor Competence In College-Aged Students, Michael Crick

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Gender And Regional Differences Within The Southern Subculture Of Violence, Caitlin Oconnor May 2022

Gender And Regional Differences Within The Southern Subculture Of Violence, Caitlin Oconnor

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Reinforcement Learning In A Quantum Network, Roy Pace May 2022

Reinforcement Learning In A Quantum Network, Roy Pace

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Impact Of Sex On Proliferation And Maturation Of Primary Isolated Myoblasts, Elsa M. Bean May 2022

Impact Of Sex On Proliferation And Maturation Of Primary Isolated Myoblasts, Elsa M. Bean

Biomedical Engineering

Peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) is caused by the buildup of atherosclerotic plaque causing restriction in blood flow in tissue, known as ischemia. It affects 8 million people in the United States and can hinder daily life through the onset of symptoms such as intermittent claudication and in extreme cases ulcers and gangrene. Surgical revascularization is not accessible to certain patient populations, such those of advanced age, highlighting a need for alternative therapies. For example, naturally occurring bypass arteries, called collateral blood vessels, can remodel and enlarge to bypass the occlusion. This process, known as arteriogenesis, has been studied as …

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Establishing Pteridine Metabolism In A Progressive Isogenic Breast Cancer Cell Model – Part Ii, Lindsey Rasmussen, Zachary Foulks, Jiandong Wu, Casey Burton, Honglan Shi May 2022

Establishing Pteridine Metabolism In A Progressive Isogenic Breast Cancer Cell Model – Part Ii, Lindsey Rasmussen, Zachary Foulks, Jiandong Wu, Casey Burton, Honglan Shi

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

Introduction: Determining the biological significance of pteridines in cancer development and progression remains an important step in understanding the altered levels of urinary pteridines seen in certain cancers. Our companion study revealed that several folate-derived pteridines and lumazines correlated with tumorigenicity in an isogenic, progressive breast cancer cell model, providing direct evidence for the tumorigenic origin of pteridines. Objectives: This study sought to elucidate the pteridine biosynthetic pathway in a progressive breast cancer model via direct pteridine dosing to determine how pteridine metabolism changes with tumorigenicity. Methods: First, MCF10AT breast cancer cells were dosed individually with 15 pteridines to determine …

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Reply To R Kirwan Et Al., David S. Ludwig, Belinda S. Lennerz, Jacob T. Mey May 2022

Reply To R Kirwan Et Al., David S. Ludwig, Belinda S. Lennerz, Jacob T. Mey

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Oncostatin M Induces Lipolysis And Suppresses Insulin Response In 3t3-L1 Adipocytes, Jennifer L. Bailey, Hardy Hang, Anik Boudreau, Carrie M. Elks May 2022

Oncostatin M Induces Lipolysis And Suppresses Insulin Response In 3t3-L1 Adipocytes, Jennifer L. Bailey, Hardy Hang, Anik Boudreau, Carrie M. Elks

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Oncostatin M (OSM) is an immune cell-derived cytokine that is upregulated in adipose tissue in obesity. Upon binding its receptor (OSMR), OSM induces the phosphorylation of the p66 subunit of Src homology 2 domain-containing transforming protein 1 (SHC1), called p66Shc, and activates the extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) pathway. Mice with adipocyte-specific OSMR deletion (OsmrFKO) are insulin resistant and exhibit adipose tissue inflammation, suggesting that intact adipocyte OSM–OSMR signaling is necessary for maintaining adipose tissue health. How OSM affects specific adipocyte functions is still unclear. Here, we examined the effects of OSM on adipocyte lipolysis. We treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes with OSM, …

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Hyperactivity Of A Midbrain Dopamine To 5-Ht Circuit Causes Anorexia, Hailan Liu, Xing Cai, Yanlin He, Yong Xu May 2022

Hyperactivity Of A Midbrain Dopamine To 5-Ht Circuit Causes Anorexia, Hailan Liu, Xing Cai, Yanlin He, Yong Xu

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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A D2 To D1 Shift In Dopaminergic Inputs To Midbrain 5-Ht Neurons Causes Anorexia In Mice, Xing Cai, Hailan Liu, Bing Feng, Meng Yu, Yang He, Hesong Liu, Chen Liang, Yongjie Yang, Longlong Tu, Nan Zhang, Lina Wang, Na Yin, Junying Han, Zili Yan, Chunmei Wang, Pingwen Xu, Qi Wu, Qingchun Tong, Yanlin He, Yong Xu May 2022

A D2 To D1 Shift In Dopaminergic Inputs To Midbrain 5-Ht Neurons Causes Anorexia In Mice, Xing Cai, Hailan Liu, Bing Feng, Meng Yu, Yang He, Hesong Liu, Chen Liang, Yongjie Yang, Longlong Tu, Nan Zhang, Lina Wang, Na Yin, Junying Han, Zili Yan, Chunmei Wang, Pingwen Xu, Qi Wu, Qingchun Tong, Yanlin He, Yong Xu

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Midbrain dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) neurons regulate motivated behaviors, including feeding, but less is known about how these circuits may interact. In this study, we found that DA neurons in the mouse ventral tegmental area bidirectionally regulate the activity of 5-HT neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), with weaker stimulation causing DRD2-dependent inhibition and overeating, while stronger stimulation causing DRD1-dependent activation and anorexia. Furthermore, in the activity-based anorexia (ABA) paradigm, which is a mouse model mimicking some clinical features of human anorexia nervosa (AN), we observed a DRD2 to DRD1 shift of DA neurotransmission on 5-HTDRN neurons, which …

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Potent Anti-Sars-Cov-2 Efficacy Of Covid-19 Hyperimmune Globulin From Vaccine-Immunized Plasma, Ding Yu, Yu Feng Li, Hong Liang, Jun Zheng Wu, Yong Hu, Yan Peng, Tao Jing Li, Ji Feng Hou, Wei Jin Huang, Li Dong Guan, Ren Han, Yan Tao Xing, Yong Zhang, Jia Liu, Lu Feng, Chun Yan Li, Xiao Long Liang, Ya Ling Ding, Zhi Jun Zhou, De Ming Ji, Fei Fei Wang, Jian Hong Yu, Kun Deng, Dong Mei Xia, De Mei Dong, Heng Rui Hu, Ya Jie Liu, Dao Xing Fu, Yan Lin He, Dong Bo Zhou, Hui Chuan Yang, Rui Jia, Chang Wen Ke, Tao Du May 2022

Potent Anti-Sars-Cov-2 Efficacy Of Covid-19 Hyperimmune Globulin From Vaccine-Immunized Plasma, Ding Yu, Yu Feng Li, Hong Liang, Jun Zheng Wu, Yong Hu, Yan Peng, Tao Jing Li, Ji Feng Hou, Wei Jin Huang, Li Dong Guan, Ren Han, Yan Tao Xing, Yong Zhang, Jia Liu, Lu Feng, Chun Yan Li, Xiao Long Liang, Ya Ling Ding, Zhi Jun Zhou, De Ming Ji, Fei Fei Wang, Jian Hong Yu, Kun Deng, Dong Mei Xia, De Mei Dong, Heng Rui Hu, Ya Jie Liu, Dao Xing Fu, Yan Lin He, Dong Bo Zhou, Hui Chuan Yang, Rui Jia, Chang Wen Ke, Tao Du

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains a global public health threat. Hence, more effective and specific antivirals are urgently needed. Here, COVID-19 hyperimmune globulin (COVID-HIG), a passive immunotherapy, is prepared from the plasma of healthy donors vaccinated with BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine). COVID-HIG shows high-affinity binding to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) protein, the receptor-binding domain (RBD), the N-terminal domain of the S protein, and the nucleocapsid protein; and blocks RBD binding to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2). Pseudotyped and authentic virus-based assays show that COVID-HIG displays broad-spectrum neutralization effects on a wide variety of SARS-CoV-2 variants, …

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Artemisia Dracunculus L. Ethanolic Extract And An Isolated Component, Dmc2, Ameliorate Inflammatory Signaling In Pancreatic Β-Cells Via Inhibition Of P38 Mapk, Peter Smoak, Susan J. Burke, Thomas M. Martin, Heidi M. Batdorf, Z. Elizabeth Floyd, J. Jason Collier May 2022

Artemisia Dracunculus L. Ethanolic Extract And An Isolated Component, Dmc2, Ameliorate Inflammatory Signaling In Pancreatic Β-Cells Via Inhibition Of P38 Mapk, Peter Smoak, Susan J. Burke, Thomas M. Martin, Heidi M. Batdorf, Z. Elizabeth Floyd, J. Jason Collier

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Non-resolving pancreatic islet inflammation is widely viewed as a contributor to decreases in β-cell mass and function that occur in both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Therefore, strategies aimed at reducing or eliminating pathological inflammation would be useful to protect islet β-cells. Herein, we described the use of 2′,4′-dihydroxy-4-methoxydihydrochalcone (DMC2), a bioactive molecule isolated from an ethanolic extract of Artemisia dracunculus L., as a novel anti-inflammatory agent. The ethanolic extract, termed PMI 5011, reduced IL-1β-mediated NF-κB activity. DMC2 retained this ability, indicating this compound as the likely source of anti-inflammatory activity within the overall PMI 5011 extract. We further …

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Nams 2021 Utian Translational Science Symposium September 2021, Washington, Dc - >Charting The Path To Health In Midlife And Beyond: The Biology And Practice Of Wellness, Nanette F. Santoro, Helen L. Coons, Samar R. El Khoudary, C. Neill Epperson, Julianne Holt-Lunstad, Hadine Joffe, Sarah H. Lindsey, Kara L. Marlatt, Patti Montella, Gloria Richard-Davis, Bonny Rockette-Wagner, Marcel E. Salive, Cynthia Stuenkel, Rebecca C. Thurston, Nancy Woods, Holly Wyatt May 2022

Nams 2021 Utian Translational Science Symposium September 2021, Washington, Dc - >Charting The Path To Health In Midlife And Beyond: The Biology And Practice Of Wellness, Nanette F. Santoro, Helen L. Coons, Samar R. El Khoudary, C. Neill Epperson, Julianne Holt-Lunstad, Hadine Joffe, Sarah H. Lindsey, Kara L. Marlatt, Patti Montella, Gloria Richard-Davis, Bonny Rockette-Wagner, Marcel E. Salive, Cynthia Stuenkel, Rebecca C. Thurston, Nancy Woods, Holly Wyatt

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Charting the Path to Health in Midlife and Beyond: The Biology and Practice of Wellness was a Translational Science Symposium held on Tuesday, September 21, 2021. Foundational psychosocial and behavioral approaches to promote healthy aging and strategies to disseminate this information were discussed. The following synopsis documents the conversation, describes the state of the science, and outlines a path forward for clinical practice. Wellness, in its broadest sense, prioritizes an orientation toward health, and an embrace of behaviors that will promote it. It involves a journey to improve and maintain physical and mental health and overall well-being to fully engage …

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A Qualitative Analysis Of The Remote Food Photography Method And The Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool For Assessing Children's Food Intake Reported By Parent Proxy, Traci A. Bekelman, Susan L. Johnson, Rachel I. Steinberg, Corby K. Martin, Katherine A. Sauder, Sophie Luckett-Cole, Deborah H. Glueck, Daniel S. Hsia, Dana Dabelea, P. B. Smith, K. L. Newby, D. K. Benjamin May 2022

A Qualitative Analysis Of The Remote Food Photography Method And The Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool For Assessing Children's Food Intake Reported By Parent Proxy, Traci A. Bekelman, Susan L. Johnson, Rachel I. Steinberg, Corby K. Martin, Katherine A. Sauder, Sophie Luckett-Cole, Deborah H. Glueck, Daniel S. Hsia, Dana Dabelea, P. B. Smith, K. L. Newby, D. K. Benjamin

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Background: Accuracy and participant burden are two key considerations in the selection of a dietary assessment tool for assessing children's full-day dietary intake. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify barriers experienced by parents and burden when using two technology-based measures of dietary intake to report their child's intake: the Remote Food Photography Method (RFPM) and the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24). Design: Qualitative, semistructured, focus groups were conducted with parents who served as proxy reporters of their child's dietary intake using the two different dietary assessment methods (ie, RFPM and ASA24) 1 week apart. Participants/setting: …

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State Of Ex Situ Conservation Of Landrace Groups Of 25 Major Crops, Julian Ramirez-Villegas, Colin K. Khoury, Harold A. Achicanoy, Maria Victoria Diaz, Andres C. Mendez, Chrystian C. Sosa, Zakaria Kehel, Luigi Guarino, Michael Abberton, Jorrel Aunario, Bashir Al Awar, Juan Carlos Alarcon, Ahmed Amri, Noelle L. Anglin, Vania Azevedo, Khadija Aziz, Grace Lee Capilit, Oswaldo Chavez, Dmytro Chebotarov, Denise E. Costich, Daniel G. Debouck, David Ellis, Hamidou Falalou, Albert Fiu, Michel Edmond Ghanem, Peter Giovannini, Alphonse J. Goungoulou, Badara Gueye, Amal Ibn El Hobyb, Ramni Jamnadass, Chris S. Jones, Bienvenu Kpeki, Jae Sung Lee May 2022

State Of Ex Situ Conservation Of Landrace Groups Of 25 Major Crops, Julian Ramirez-Villegas, Colin K. Khoury, Harold A. Achicanoy, Maria Victoria Diaz, Andres C. Mendez, Chrystian C. Sosa, Zakaria Kehel, Luigi Guarino, Michael Abberton, Jorrel Aunario, Bashir Al Awar, Juan Carlos Alarcon, Ahmed Amri, Noelle L. Anglin, Vania Azevedo, Khadija Aziz, Grace Lee Capilit, Oswaldo Chavez, Dmytro Chebotarov, Denise E. Costich, Daniel G. Debouck, David Ellis, Hamidou Falalou, Albert Fiu, Michel Edmond Ghanem, Peter Giovannini, Alphonse J. Goungoulou, Badara Gueye, Amal Ibn El Hobyb, Ramni Jamnadass, Chris S. Jones, Bienvenu Kpeki, Jae Sung Lee

Faculty Publications

Crop landraces have unique local agroecological and societal functions and offer important genetic resources for plant breeding. Recognition of the value of landrace diversity and concern about its erosion on farms have led to sustained efforts to establish ex situ collections worldwide. The degree to which these efforts have succeeded in conserving landraces has not been comprehensively assessed. Here we modelled the potential distributions of eco-geographically distinguishable groups of landraces of 25 cereal, pulse and starchy root/tuber/fruit crops within their geographic regions of diversity. We then analysed the extent to which these landrace groups are represented in genebank collections, using …

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The Potential For Bias Across Gps-Accelerometer Combined Wear Criteria Among Adolescents, Maura M. Kepper, Amanda E. Staiano, Stephanie T. Broyles May 2022

The Potential For Bias Across Gps-Accelerometer Combined Wear Criteria Among Adolescents, Maura M. Kepper, Amanda E. Staiano, Stephanie T. Broyles

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Physical activity has many health benefits, yet a large portion of our population is not meeting recommendations. Using accelerometry and global positioning systems (GPS) to accurately measure where people are active and to identify barriers and facilitators of activity across various settings will inform evidence-based policies and interventions to improve activity levels. Criteria for sufficient accelerometry data (e.g., number of days, minimum hours in a day) to accurately monitor free-living physical activity in adults and children have been widely studied, implemented, and reported by researchers. However, few best practice recommendations for researchers using GPS have been established. Therefore, this paper …

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Variation And Predictors Of Gross Motor Coordination Development In Azorean Children: A Quantile Regression Approach, Sara Pereira, Flávio Bastos, Carla Santos, José Maia, Go Tani, Leah E. Robinson, Peter T. Katzmarzyk May 2022

Variation And Predictors Of Gross Motor Coordination Development In Azorean Children: A Quantile Regression Approach, Sara Pereira, Flávio Bastos, Carla Santos, José Maia, Go Tani, Leah E. Robinson, Peter T. Katzmarzyk

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

We investigated the development of gross motor coordination (GMC) as well as its predictors in school-aged Azorean children. The sample included 181 children (90 girls), followed consecutively for 4 years from 6 to 9 years of age. GMC was assessed with the Körperkoordination-stest für Kinder, and predictors included body mass index, standing long jump, 50-yard dash, and shuttle run. The changes in GMC and the effects of predictors were analyzed with mean-modeling as well as quantile regression. In the latter, we considered the following three quantiles (Q): Q20, Q50, and Q80 as markers of low, median, and high GMC levels, …

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Sibling Resemblances In Physical Fitness In Three Distinct Regions In Peru: The Peruvian Sibling Study On Growth And Health, Carla Santos, Alcibíades Bustamante, Olga Vasconcelos, Sara Pereira, Rui Garganta, J. Timothy Lightfoot, Go Tani, Donald Hedeker, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, José Maia May 2022

Sibling Resemblances In Physical Fitness In Three Distinct Regions In Peru: The Peruvian Sibling Study On Growth And Health, Carla Santos, Alcibíades Bustamante, Olga Vasconcelos, Sara Pereira, Rui Garganta, J. Timothy Lightfoot, Go Tani, Donald Hedeker, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, José Maia

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

We estimated sibling resemblance in health-related physical fitness (PF) and examined how individual characteristics and shared natural environment accounted for sibling similarities. The sample comprised 656 sibling pairs and 102 triplets (6–15 years of age), from three geographical areas of Peru. PF components included morphological (waist circumference, sum of skinfolds), muscular (handgrip strength, standing long jump), and motor (shuttle-run). Body mass index (BMI) and somatic maturation were also assessed. In general, sibling intraclass correlations differed significantly across sib-ship types for waist circumference and handgrip strength but were the same for sum of skinfolds, standing long jump, and shuttle-run. Further, in …

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Regional Variation In Growth Status. The Peruvian Health And Optimist Growth Study, Alcibíades Bustamante, Carla Santos, Sara Pereira, Duarte Freitas, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, José Maia May 2022

Regional Variation In Growth Status. The Peruvian Health And Optimist Growth Study, Alcibíades Bustamante, Carla Santos, Sara Pereira, Duarte Freitas, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, José Maia

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Objective: This study aims to (1) investigate differences in weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) among Peruvian children and adolescents living in three areas located at different altitudes; (2) compare age- and sex-specific height, weight, and BMI within each site with US reference data. Methods: We sampled 8753 subjects (4130 boys), aged 4 to 17 years from sea level, rainforest, and high-altitude. Height, weight, and WC were measured and BMI was calculated. Analysis of variance was used to compare variables across geographic regions, and the Hoff and Blackburn procedure was used to compare the Peruvian results with …

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Crossover Food Businesses In Louisiana, United States: A Descriptive Study Of Their Characteristics And Food Safety Training Needs From Public Health Inspectors’ Perspective, Wenqing Xu, Evelyn Watts, Carolyn Bombet, Melissa Cater May 2022

Crossover Food Businesses In Louisiana, United States: A Descriptive Study Of Their Characteristics And Food Safety Training Needs From Public Health Inspectors’ Perspective, Wenqing Xu, Evelyn Watts, Carolyn Bombet, Melissa Cater

Faculty Publications

Objectives: Integrating retail and manufacturing enables limitless potential for food businesses, but also creates challenges for navigating within complex food safety regulations. From public health inspectors’ (PHIs) perspective, this study aimed (1) to describe the characteristics of crossover businesses in Louisiana, and (2) to evaluate regulation awareness and food safety education needs for business owners and PHIs who inspect crossover businesses. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was administered to Louisiana Department of Health PHIs using Qualtrics®. A descriptive analysis was performed, focusing on the frequency of each item. Results: In total, 1774 retailers were conducting or planned to conduct specialized processes, …

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Expression Of Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase 2 Activity In Immortalized Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells, James T.F. Wise, Raúl A. Salazar-González, Mariam R. Habil, Mark A. Doll, David W. Hein May 2022

Expression Of Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase 2 Activity In Immortalized Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells, James T.F. Wise, Raúl A. Salazar-González, Mariam R. Habil, Mark A. Doll, David W. Hein

Faculty Publications

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States with high incidence in tobacco smokers. Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) is a xenobiotic enzyme that catalyzes both N- and O-acetylation of carcinogens present in tobacco smoke and contributes towards the genotoxicity of these carcinogens. NAT2 allelic variants result in slow, intermediate, and rapid acetylation phenotypes. A recent meta-analysis reported NAT2 non-rapid (slow and intermediate) phenotypes had a significantly increased risk of lung cancer. NAT2 activity in humans is thought to be restricted to liver and gastrointestinal tract, and no studies to our knowledge have reported the expression …

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A Reappraisal Of Polyploidy Events In Grasses (Poaceae) In A Rapidly Changing World, Acga Cheng, Noraikim Mohd Hanafiah, Jennifer Ann Harikrishna, Niranjan Baisakh, Muhamad Shakirin Mispan, Lim Phaik Eem May 2022

A Reappraisal Of Polyploidy Events In Grasses (Poaceae) In A Rapidly Changing World, Acga Cheng, Noraikim Mohd Hanafiah, Jennifer Ann Harikrishna, Niranjan Baisakh, Muhamad Shakirin Mispan, Lim Phaik Eem

Faculty Publications

Around 80% of megaflora species became extinct at the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary. Subsequent polyploidy events drove the survival of thousands of plant species and played a significant historical role in the development of the most successful modern cereal crops. However, current and rapid global temperature change poses an urgent threat to food crops worldwide, including the world’s big three cereals: rice, wheat, and maize, which are members of the grass family, Poaceae. Some minor cereals from the same family (such as teff) have grown in popularity in recent years, but there are important knowledge gaps regarding the similarities and differences …

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Determination Of Β -Decay Feeding Patterns Of Rb 88 And Kr 88 Using The Modular Total Absorption Spectrometer At Ornl Hribf, P. Shuai, B. C. Rasco, K. P. Rykaczewski, A. Fijałkowska, M. Karny, M. Wolińska-Cichocka, R. K. Grzywacz, C. J. Gross, D. W. Stracener, E. F. Zganjar, J. C. Batchelder, J. C. Blackmon, N. T. Brewer, S. Go, M. Cooper, K. C. Goetz, J. W. Johnson, C. U. Jost, T. T. King, J. T. Matta, J. H. Hamilton, A. Laminack, K. Miernik, M. Madurga, D. Miller, C. D. Nesaraja, S. Padgett, S. V. Paulauskas, M. M. Rajabali, T. Ruland, M. Stepaniuk, E. H. Wang, J. A. Winger May 2022

Determination Of Β -Decay Feeding Patterns Of Rb 88 And Kr 88 Using The Modular Total Absorption Spectrometer At Ornl Hribf, P. Shuai, B. C. Rasco, K. P. Rykaczewski, A. Fijałkowska, M. Karny, M. Wolińska-Cichocka, R. K. Grzywacz, C. J. Gross, D. W. Stracener, E. F. Zganjar, J. C. Batchelder, J. C. Blackmon, N. T. Brewer, S. Go, M. Cooper, K. C. Goetz, J. W. Johnson, C. U. Jost, T. T. King, J. T. Matta, J. H. Hamilton, A. Laminack, K. Miernik, M. Madurga, D. Miller, C. D. Nesaraja, S. Padgett, S. V. Paulauskas, M. M. Rajabali, T. Ruland, M. Stepaniuk, E. H. Wang, J. A. Winger

Faculty Publications

Precise determination of ground-state feeding in the β decay of fission products is an important but challenging component in modeling reactor antineutrino flux and reactor decay heat. The Modular Total Absorption Spectrometer (MTAS) is a versatile NaI(Tl) detector array that determines the true β-decay pattern free from the pandemonium effect, including precise ground-state feeding intensities. In this paper, we report MTAS results of the β feeding intensities of Rb88 and Kr88, fission products with large cumulative yields in nuclear reactors. By comparing MTAS results with previous measurements, Rb88 provides a validation of MTAS's ability to determine ground-state feedings in β …

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Measurement Of The Ne 18 (Α,P) Na 21 Reaction With The Anasen Active-Target Detector System At E C. M.=2.5-4 Mev, M. Anastasiou, I. Wiedenhöver, J. C. Blackmon, L. T. Baby, D. D. Caussyn, A. A. Hood, E. Koshchiy, J. C. Lighthall, K. T. Macon, J. J. Parker, T. Rauscher, N. Rijal May 2022

Measurement Of The Ne 18 (Α,P) Na 21 Reaction With The Anasen Active-Target Detector System At E C. M.=2.5-4 Mev, M. Anastasiou, I. Wiedenhöver, J. C. Blackmon, L. T. Baby, D. D. Caussyn, A. A. Hood, E. Koshchiy, J. C. Lighthall, K. T. Macon, J. J. Parker, T. Rauscher, N. Rijal

Faculty Publications

The Ne18(α,p)Na21 reaction plays a significant role in Type-I X-ray bursts. It is a major path in the breakout from the hot-CNO cycles to the synthesis of heavier elements in the αp- and rp-processes. An experiment to determine the cross section of this reaction was performed with the ANASEN active-target detector system, determining the cross section at energies between 2.5 and 4 MeV in the center-of-mass frame. The measured cross sections for reactions populating the ground state in Na21 are consistent with results obtained from the time-inverse reaction, but significantly lower than the previously published experimental data of direct measurements. …

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The Satchel Pipeline: A General Tool For Data Classified Through Citizen Science, E. J. Safron, T. S. Boyajian, N. Eisner May 2022

The Satchel Pipeline: A General Tool For Data Classified Through Citizen Science, E. J. Safron, T. S. Boyajian, N. Eisner

Faculty Publications

Citizen science is a powerful analysis tool, capable of processing large amounts of data in a very short time. To bridge the gap between classification data products from web-based citizen science platforms to statistically robust signal significance scores, we present the Search Algorithm for Transits in the Citizen science Hunt for Exoplanets in Light curves (satchel) pipeline. This open source, customizable pipeline was constructed to identify and assign significance estimates to one-dimensional features marked by volunteers. We describe the functional capabilities of the satchel pipeline through application to features in photometric time-series data from the Kepler Space Telescope, classified by …

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Low-Efficiency Long Gamma-Ray Bursts: A Case Study With At2020blt, N. Sarin, R. Hamburg, E. Burns, G. Ashton, P. D. Lasky, G. P. Lamb May 2022

Low-Efficiency Long Gamma-Ray Bursts: A Case Study With At2020blt, N. Sarin, R. Hamburg, E. Burns, G. Ashton, P. D. Lasky, G. P. Lamb

Faculty Publications

The Zwicky Transient Facility recently announced the detection of an optical transient AT2020blt at redshift z = 2.9, consistent with the afterglow of an on-axis gamma-ray burst. However, no prompt emission was observed. We analyse AT2020blt with detailed models, showing the data are best explained as the afterglow of an on-axis long gamma-ray burst, ruling out other hypotheses such as a cocoon and a low-Lorentz factor jet. We search Fermi data for prompt emission, setting deeper upper limits on the prompt emission than in the original detection paper. Together with KONUS-Wind observations, we show that the gamma-ray efficiency of AT2020blt …

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Searches For Modulated 3-Ray Precursors To Compact Binary Mergers In Fermi-Gbm Data, Cosmin Stachie, Tito Dal Canton, Nelson Christensen, Marie Anne Bizouard, Michael Briggs, Eric Burns, Jordan Camp, Michael Coughlin May 2022

Searches For Modulated 3-Ray Precursors To Compact Binary Mergers In Fermi-Gbm Data, Cosmin Stachie, Tito Dal Canton, Nelson Christensen, Marie Anne Bizouard, Michael Briggs, Eric Burns, Jordan Camp, Michael Coughlin

Faculty Publications

GW170817 is the only gravitational-wave event for which a confirmed 3-ray counterpart, GRB 170817A, has been detected. Here, we present a method to search for another type of 3-ray signal, a 3-ray burst precursor, associated with a compact binary merger. If emitted shortly before the coalescence, a high-energy electromagnetic (EM) flash travels through a highly dynamical and relativistic environment, created by the two compact objects orbiting each other. Thus, the EM signal arriving at an Earth observer could present a somewhat predictable time-dependent modulation. We describe a targeted search method for light curves exhibiting such a modulation, parameterized by the …

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On The Spherical Slice Transform, Boris Rubin May 2022

On The Spherical Slice Transform, Boris Rubin

Faculty Publications

We study the spherical slice transform which assigns to a function f on the unit sphere Sn in n+1 the integrals of f over cross-sections of Sn by k-dimensional affine planes passing through the north pole (0,..., 0, 1). These transforms are known when k = n. We consider all 2 ≤ k ≤ n and obtain an explicit formula connecting with the classical (k - 1)-plane Radon-John transform Rk-1 on n. Using this connection, known facts for Rk-1, like inversion formulas, support theorems, representation on zonal functions, and some others, are reformulated for .

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