Digital Commons Network^™

Crucial Nuances In Understanding (Mis)Associations Between The Neonatal Microbiome And Cesarean Delivery, Kjersti M Aagaard

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

As rates of Cesarean delivery and common non-communicable disorders (NCDs), such as obesity, metabolic disease, and atopy/asthma, have concomitantly increased in recent decades, investigators have attempted to discern a causal link. One line of research has led to a hypothesis that Cesarean birth disrupts the presumed normal process of colonization of the neonatal microbiome with vaginal microbes, yielding NCDs later in life. However, a direct link between a disrupted microbiota transfer at time of delivery and acute and/or chronic illness in infants born via Cesarean has not been causally established. Microbiota seeding from maternal vaginal or stool sources has been …

Covid Community-Engaged Testing In Alabama: Reaching Underserved Rural Populations Through Collaboration, Lynn T Matthews, Stefan D Baral, Greer A Burkholder, William A Curry, Latesha Elopre, Faith E Fletcher, Sydney Grooms, Emily B Levitan, Max Michael, Barbara Van Der Pol, Michael J Mugavero

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Rural communities are often underserved by public health testing initiatives in Alabama. As part of the National Institutes of Health's Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics‒Underserved Populations initiative, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, along with community partners, sought to address this inequity in COVID-19 testing. We describe the participatory assessment, selection, and implementation phases of this project, which administered more than 23 000 COVID-19 tests throughout the state, including nearly 4000 tests among incarcerated populations. (

The Association Of Baseline Plasma Sars-Cov-2 Nucleocapsid Antigen Level And Outcomes In Patients Hospitalized With Covid-19, Andrew Phillips, Katy Shaw-Saliba, Robin L Dewar, Neil R Aggarwal, Abdel G Babiker, Weizhong Chang, Nila J Dharan, Victoria J Davey, Elizabeth S Higgs, Norman Gerry, Adit A Ginde, J W Awori Hayanga, Helene Highbarger, Jeroen L Highbarger, Mamta K Jain, Virginia Kan, Kami Kim, Perrine Lallemand, Bradley G Leshnower, Joseph K Lutaakome, Gail Matthews, Ahmad Mourad, Eleftherios Mylonakis, Ven Natarajan, Maria L Padilla, Lavannya M Pandit, Roger Paredes, Sarah Pett, Srikanth Ramachandruni, M Tauseef Rehman, Brad T Sherman, D Clark Files, Samuel M Brown, Michael A Matthay, B Taylor Thompson, James D Neaton, H Clifford Lane, Jens D Lundgren

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Levels of plasma SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) antigen may be an important biomarker in patients with COVID-19 and enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether levels of plasma antigen can predict short-term clinical outcomes and identify clinical and viral factors associated with plasma antigen levels in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2.

DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of baseline plasma antigen level from 2540 participants enrolled in the TICO (Therapeutics for Inpatients With COVID-19) platform trial from August 2020 to November 2021, with additional data on day 5 outcome and time to discharge.

SETTING: 114 centers in 10 countries. …

Noninvasive Respiratory Support Does Not Prevent Extubation Failure In High-Risk Norwood Patients, Craig Rusin, Fabio Savorgnan

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

UNLABELLED: This study aims to determine whether bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) effectively mitigate the risk of extubation failure in children status post-Norwood procedure.

DESIGN: Single-center, retrospective analysis. Extubation events were collected from January 2015 to July 2021. Extubation failure was defined as the need for reintubation within 48 hours of extubation. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and ventilatory settings were compared between successful and failed extubations.

SETTING: Pediatric cardiovascular ICU.

PATIENTS: Neonates following Norwood procedure.

INTERVENTIONS: Extubation following the Norwood procedure.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The analysis included 311 extubations. Extubation failure occurred in 31 …

Cardiac Crises: Cardiac Arrhythmias And Cardiomyopathy During Tango2 Deficiency Related Metabolic Crises, Scott R Ceresnak, Caridad M Delauz, Taylor S Howard, Christopher M Janson, Kate Jardine, Prince J Kannankeril, Maina Kava, Jeffrey J Kim, Leonardo Liberman, Scott L Macicek, Tam Dam Pham, Terry Robertson, Santiago O Valdes, Gregory Webster, Sara B Stephens, Diana M Milewicz, Mahshid Azamian, Saad A Ehsan, Kimberly M Houck, Claudia Soler-Alfonso, Kevin E Glinton, Mustafa Tosur, Na Li, Weiyi Xu, Seema R Lalani, Lilei Zhang

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: TANGO2 deficiency disorder (TDD) is an autosomal recessive disease associated with metabolic crisis, lethal cardiac arrhythmias, and cardiomyopathy. Data regarding treatment, management, and outcomes of cardiac manifestations of TDD are lacking.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe TDD-related cardiac crises.

METHODS: Retrospective multicenter chart review was made of TDD patients admitted with cardiac crises, defined as development of ventricular tachycardia (VT), cardiomyopathy, or cardiac arrest during metabolic crises.

RESULTS: Twenty-seven children were admitted for 43 cardiac crises (median age 6.4 years; interquartile range [IQR] 2.4-9.8 years) at 14 centers. During crisis, QTc prolongation occurred in all …

First Steps: Primary Outcomes Of A Randomized, Stepped-Care Behavioral Clinical Trial For Parents Of Young Children With New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes, Tom Hildebrandt, Christine H Wang, John R Barber, Lauren Clary, Katherine Gallagher, Wendy Levy, Fran Cogen, Celia Henderson, Lefkothea Karaviti, Randi Streisand

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVE: Despite the emotional challenges of parental adjustment to a child's type 1 diabetes diagnosis and the unique complexities of early childhood, there are few programs designed to meet the needs of parents of young children at new onset. This study evaluated First STEPS (Study of Type 1 in Early childhood and Parenting Support), a stepped-care behavioral intervention designed to support parents' psychosocial functioning and promote children's glycemic outcomes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Using a two-site randomized clinical trial design, parents (n = 157) of children aged 1-6 years completed baseline data within 2 months of diabetes diagnosis and were …

From World War Ii To Covid-19: A Historical Perspective On The American Medical Supply Chain

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

COVID-19 is the latest episode of shortages of critical medical supplies. Historically and to the present day, medical supplies have been sourced from single regions in the world, thus rendering the supply chain vulnerable to a myriad of harmful circumstances. We argue that shortages in medications related and unrelated to COVID have illustrated the need for the United States to diversify its medical supply sources before future pandemics, political crises, or natural disasters occur.

Systematically Higher Ki67 Scores On Core Biopsy Samples Compared To Corresponding Resection Specimen In Breast Cancer: A Multi-Operator And Multi-Institutional Study, Indu Arun, Renaldas Augulis, Sunil S Badve, Yalai Bai, Anita L Bane, John M S Bartlett, Jane Bayani, Gilbert Bigras, Annika Blank, Henk Buikema, Martin C Chang, Robin L Dietz, Andrew Dodson, Susan Fineberg, Cornelia M Focke, Dongxia Gao, Allen M Gown, Carolina Gutierrez, Johan Hartman, Zuzana Kos, Anne-Vibeke Lænkholm, Arvydas Laurinavicius, Richard M Levenson, Rustin Mahboubi-Ardakani, Mauro G Mastropasqua, Sharon Nofech-Mozes, C Kent Osborne, Frédérique M Penault-Llorca, Tammy Piper, Mary Anne Quintayo, Tilman T Rau, Stefan Reinhard, Stephanie Robertson, Roberto Salgado, Tomoharu Sugie, Bert Van Der Vegt, Giuseppe Viale, Lila A Zabaglo, Daniel F Hayes, Mitch Dowsett, Torsten O Nielsen, David L Rimm, International Ki67 In Breast Cancer Working Group Of The Breast International Group And North American Breast Cancer Group (Big-Nabcg)

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Ki67 has potential clinical importance in breast cancer but has yet to see broad acceptance due to inter-laboratory variability. Here we tested an open source and calibrated automated digital image analysis (DIA) platform to: (i) investigate the comparability of Ki67 measurement across corresponding core biopsy and resection specimen cases, and (ii) assess section to section differences in Ki67 scoring. Two sets of 60 previously stained slides containing 30 core-cut biopsy and 30 corresponding resection specimens from 30 estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer patients were sent to 17 participating labs for automated assessment of average Ki67 expression. The blocks were centrally cut …

Children With Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders Successfully Decrease Fodmap Food Intake On A Low Fodmap Diet With Modest Improvements In Nutritional Intake And Diet Quality, Robert J Shulman, Bruno P Chumpitazi

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: We sought to determine how a low fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide, and polyol (FODMAP) diet (LFD) affected high FODMAP food intake, nutrient intake, and diet quality in children with functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPD).

METHODS: Children (ages 7-13 years) with Rome IV FAPD began a dietitian-guided LFD. Three-day food records were captured at baseline and 2-3 weeks into the LFD. Intake of high FODMAP foods, energy, macronutrients, micronutrients, food groups, and ultra-processed foods were determined.

KEY RESULTS: Median age of participants was 11 years, and 19/31 (61%) were female. Twenty-eight (90%) decreased high FODMAP food intake on the LFD: …

The Bridwell Quarterly. Issue 17, Fall 2022, Michelle Ried

Bridwell Library Publications

No abstract provided.

"A Situation That Has Existed For Generations": Double Age, Race, And American Juvenile Justice, William S. Bush

History Faculty Publications (Archived)

No abstract provided.

Exploring The Effects Of Meaningful Tactile Display On Perception And Preference In Automated Vehicles, Kimberly D. Martinez, Gaojian Huang

Mineta Transportation Institute

There is an existing issue in human-machine interaction, such that drivers of semi-autonomous vehicles are still required to take over control of the vehicle during system limitations. A possible solution may lie in tactile displays, which can present status, direction, and position information while avoiding sensory (e.g., visual and auditory) channels overload to reliably help drivers make timely decisions and execute actions to successfully take over. However, limited work has investigated the effects of meaningful tactile signals on takeover performance. This study synthesizes literature investigating the effects of tactile displays on takeover performance in automated vehicles and conducts a human-subject …

Understanding The Safety And Usability Of Personal Vehicles For Non-Driving Individuals With Disabilities And Their Families/Care Providers, Anil R. Kumar, Hannah Bowman

Mineta Transportation Institute

The connections between shared personal vehicles of individuals with disabilities (IWDs) and their household family members play an important role in the mobility, overall health, and well-being of all involved actors, yet this topic remains mostly overlooked within publicly available research. Families that include a non-driving IWD are more likely to be low-income, and often struggle with the costs of operating a family car but, due to insufficient public transportation options, they own vehicles despite their prohibitive cost. This exploratory study utilized the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) model, a framework focused on assessing the interplaying sociotechnical factors …

Essm: An Extractive Summarization Model With Enhanced Spatial-Temporal Information And Span Mask Encoding, Ran Li, Fengbo Zheng, Gongbo Liang, Lifen Jiang, Panpan Wu, Bowei Chen

Computer Science Faculty Publications (Archived)

Extractive reading comprehension is to extract consecutive subsequences from a given article to answer the given question. Previous work often adopted Byte Pair Encoding (BPE) that could cause semantically correlated words to be separated. Also, previous features extraction strategy cannot effectively capture the global semantic information. In this paper, an extractive summarization model is proposed with enhanced spatial-temporal information and span mask encoding (ESSM) to promote global semantic information. ESSM utilizes Embedding Layer to reduce semantic segmentation of correlated words, and adopts TemporalConvNet Layer to relief the loss of feature information. The model can also deal with unanswerable questions. To …

2022 Quality Of Life Survey - Orleans And Jefferson Parishes, Edward Chervenak, Anthony Licciardi

Survey Research Center Publications

The University of New Orleans Survey Research Center (SRC) conducted a live interviewer telephone survey of registered voters in Orleans Parish and Jefferson Parish. These surveys are designed to provide an ongoing picture of how voters view local government services and the general quality of life. They highlight the problems that are of greatest concern to the voters, as well as areas of satisfaction in their parish. The series can also inform the public and officials about specific areas of perceived deterioration or improvement.

Percutaneous-Reinforced Osteoplasty: A Review Of Emerging Treatment Strategies For Bone Interventions, Nischal Koirala, Jyotsna Joshi, Stephen F. Duffy, Gordon Mclennan

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Percutaneous-reinforced osteoplasty is currently being investigated as a possible therapeutic procedure for fracture stabilization in high-risk patients, primarily in patients with bone metastases or osteoporosis. For these patients, a percutaneous approach, if structurally sound, can provide a viable method for treating bone fractures without the physiologic stress of anesthesia and open surgery. However, the low strength of fixation is a common limitation that requires further refinement in scaffold design and selection of materials, and may potentially benefit from tissue-engineering-based regenerative approaches. Scaffolds that have tissue regenerative properties and low inflammatory response promote rapid healing at the fracture site and are …

War Crimes: History, Basic Concepts, And Structures, Richard J. Wilson

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

On May 24, 2022, the Washington Post carried front-page news that a court in Ukraine had sentenced a 21-year-old Russian soldier, Vadim Shishimarin, to life imprisonment for the war crime of premeditated murder of a civilian, 62-year-old Oleksandr Shelipov. The session was the first war crimes trial in Ukraine since Russia's invasion three months earlier.

Debunking The Efficacy Of Standard Contract Boilerplate: Part V, David Spratt

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

After five installments, we can end our discussion of contract boilerplate. We have slashed the outdated language and emerged as a clear and contemporary legal writer. Be willing to adapt what has worked well in the past because change is the foundation of human ingenuity.

From Black Lives Matter To Covid-19: Daily News Podcasts And The Reinvention Of Audio Reporting, Kyle J. Miller, Kim Fox, David O. Dowling

Faculty Journal Articles

Globally daily news podcasts have exponentially grown in popularity. To build on the increased interest in this podcast format, this study examines three distinct programmes in this genre. The focus of our research specifically highlights the significant news events during the summer of 2020: the killing of George Floyd, and subsequent Black Lives Matter protests, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a set of genre conventions adapted and expanded from previous podcast and radio news scholarship, this research analyses the impact podcasting has on daily audio news production. Our findings indicate the podcast host’s empathy and intimacy, coalesced into powerful, immersive …

Press Release - New Associate Dean, Tom Caswell, University Libraries

Libraries' Documents

Press Release announcing the appointment of a new Libraries Associate Dean of Academic Engagement, Thomas Caswell.

Feminist Legal Theory And #Metoo: Revisiting Tarana Burke's Vision Of Empowerment Through Empathy, Penelope Andrews

Articles & Chapters

It is my purpose to ground this article in ubuntu and the politics of radical love as applied to the goals of #MeToo and its pursuit of redress for victims of sexual harms. Part II explores the convergences and divergences of #MeToo with feminist campaigns of an earlier era. Part III questions whether a renewed quest for gender equality, largely spawned by a Twitter/social media campaign, may lead to sustainable change built on notions of empathy and restorative justice, which influenced Tarana Burke when she founded #MeToo. Part IV examines restorative justice approaches in the South African Truth and Reconciliation …

The Impact Of Arrest History And Unemployment On Depression And Anxiety, Jennifer Alexis Beard

Theses and Dissertations

Literature has shown that individuals who have been incarcerated have difficulty in obtaining jobs after incarceration; therefore, ex-convicts are predicted to have an increased rate of depression and anxiety symptoms as opposed to the overall general public. However, little literature supports this theory, and little to no literature has been published with regards to individuals who have been apprehended. This study investigates the depression and anxiety levels of those who have an arrest record and have difficulty maintaining or finding employment. The sample’s arrest history and unemployment history were measured through self-reporting measures. Additionally, depression was measured through Beck’s Depression …

Examining Executive Dysfunction In Dementia: Vascular Etiology As A Contributor To Greater Impairment, Julianne Szemko

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: The present study examines executive functioning and overall neuropsychological functioning within a memory disorder clinic population with a specific focus on examining performance on the Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (M-WCST) among individuals with and without cerebrovascular disease. Method: This study utilized test data collected between 2018-2022 from the research database at the Health First Memory Disorder Clinic (HFMDC) in Melbourne, Florida. Participants were included if they completed a brief neuropsychological evaluation (BNE) at the HFMDC with the M-WCST, Trail Making Test - Form B (TMT-B), and Color/Word subtest of the Golden Stroop as part of their battery and …

Outcomes Of Children With Low-Grade Gliomas In Low- And Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review, Richard Ward, Hannah M Jones, Davis Witt, Frederick Boop, Eric Bouffet, Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, Ibrahim Qaddoumi, Daniel C Moreira

Department of Medical Oncology Faculty Papers

Purpose: Pediatric CNS tumors are increasingly a priority, particularly with the WHO designation of low-grade glioma (LGG) as one of six index childhood cancers. There are currently limited data on outcomes of pediatric patients with LGGs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Methods: To better understand the outcomes of LGGs in LMICs, this systematic review interrogated nine literature databases.

Results: The search identified 14,977 publications. Sixteen studies from 19 countries met the selection criteria and were included for data abstraction and analysis. Eleven studies (69%) were retrospective reviews from single institutions, and one (6%) captured institutional data prospectively. The studies …

Professionalization And The Forgotten System: Observed Practices And Perceptions At The Intersection Of Informal And Formal Faculty Development, Janie Brennan, Todd Fernandez, Joe Tranquillo

To Improve the Academy: A Journal of Educational Development

The professionalization of disciplines often leads to formalization of disciplinary training. As professionalization occurs, informal training roles are typically supplanted as the normative method of training but can continue to exist in parallel with formal methods. As in other fields, the ongoing professionalization of faculty development has created significant formalization of training. While the positive impact of formalization is clear in many areas of faculty development, little is known about how formalization affected the informal roles, activities, and perceptions that served to train faculty. This exploratory study reports on data gathered at a workshop designed to document and share stories …

Sjsj, Volume 21, Issue 1, Seattle Journal For Social Justice

Seattle Journal for Social Justice

No abstract provided.

Christine Cox Art399 Portfolio, Christine Cox

Professional Practices (ART 399)

I work with multiple medias to achieve the desired effect of the artwork; however, the majority of my pieces consist of charcoal, both loose and pencils. I find that my concepts are most accurately represented in muted, grayscale coloring with the occasional bold singular color to add juxtaposition. I regularly find myself pushing my scale of artwork and creating pieces that are largescale and often become 3D installations or experiences. The content of my artwork is most frequently surrealist depictions of myself or other human figures, distorted in a way that emphasizes how a mental struggle may manifest itself physically; …

Molly Ramsey Art399 Portfolio, Molly Ramsey

Professional Practices (ART 399)

As I have grown as an artist and learned increasingly more difficult technical skills I have been able to continue to find what inspires me to create. My main focus as a medium has been split between metalsmithing and printmaking through the last few months of my academic career. I enjoy the contrast between what each material can convey to the viewing audience. The theme of my work specifically has been heavily focused on aquatic life, more specifically aquatic life that seems to be in a difficult situation. With much reflection I've come to the conclusion that in most situations …

Youth-Reported School Connection And Experiences Of A Middle Schoolebased Screening, Brief Intervention, And Referral To Treatment Initiative: Preliminary Results From A Program Evaluation, Maria Stepanchak, Kate Katzman, Margaret Soukup, Evan Elkin, Kathryn Choate, Allison Kristman-Valente, Carolyn A. Mccarty

School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Presentations

Purpose

This study aimed (1) to evaluate the feasibility of a school-based Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) program that expands on traditional SBIRT to support the mental health and well-being of middle school students and (2) to assess its effects on students’ connection with adults at school.

Methods

Focus group discussions were conducted with 26 students in grades 6–8 to understand student perspectives about an innovative school-based SBIRT program. A subset of middle school students from the SBIRT program who received a brief intervention (BI) after screening (n = 116) were asked to rate their experience meeting …

Development Of An Integrated Salt Cartridge-Reverse Electrodialysis (Red) Device To Increase Electrolyte Concentrations To Biomedical Devices, Efecan Pakkaner, Jessica L. Orton, Caroline G. Campbell, Jamie A. Hestekin, Christa N. Hestekin

Chemical Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Emerging technologies in nanotechnology and biomedical engineering have led to an increase in the use of implantable biomedical devices. These devices are currently battery powered which often means they must be surgically replaced during a patient’s lifetime. Therefore, there is an important need for a power source that could provide continuous, stable power over a prolonged time. Reverse electrodialysis (RED) based biopower cells have been previously used to generate continuous power from physiologically relevant fluids; however, the low salinity gradient that exists within the body limited the performance of the biopower cell. In this study, a miniaturized RED biopower cell …