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New S-Box Design For Image Encryption Based On Multi-Chaotic System, Azhaar Abdallah, Alaa Farhan Mar 2026

New S-Box Design For Image Encryption Based On Multi-Chaotic System, Azhaar Abdallah, Alaa Farhan

Engineering and Technology Journal

Image encryption is a crucial area for researchers in information security, which protects digital images from unauthorized access. This paper proposes a novel image encryption scheme based on the multi-chaotic system. This paper is about encrypting color images based on a 2D Henon map and a 3D Lorenz map. We used the 2D Henon map equation to generate a new S-Box, thus creating a solid cipher that is difficult to break (for the confusion operation). We then generate keys from the 3D Lorenz map for the shifting process (for diffusion operation). A comparative analysis and the simulation test show that …

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Physical And Electrical Properties Of Spray Coating Graphene Films: The Effect Of Solution Concentration, Ayat Yahya, Evan Salim, Azhar Hassan, Subash C. B. Gopinath Mar 2026

Physical And Electrical Properties Of Spray Coating Graphene Films: The Effect Of Solution Concentration, Ayat Yahya, Evan Salim, Azhar Hassan, Subash C. B. Gopinath

Engineering and Technology Journal

Graphene nanofilms were deposited by the spray coating method at different concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 g) and prepared at 120°C. The prepared nanofilms were characterized in terms of their structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties. The results confirm the formation of high-purity and high-crystallinity graphene nanofilms with a layered nanosheet morphology. The X-ray diffraction pattern shows the presence of pure graphene with (002) crystal planes. SEM Images show that the intended graphene films are symmetrical with few wrinkles on their surface. The graphene films show semi-transparent behavior with a maximum transmission of 50%. Raman spectroscopy shows …

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Heat Transfer Coefficients In Air-Solid Fluidized Bed Using Vertical Heating Element, Fadhil Faraj, Jamal Ali, Sarmad Najim Mar 2026

Heat Transfer Coefficients In Air-Solid Fluidized Bed Using Vertical Heating Element, Fadhil Faraj, Jamal Ali, Sarmad Najim

Engineering and Technology Journal

In various chemical industrial applications such as hydrocracking, drying, and Fischer-Tropsch, the utilization of fluidized bed systems is prevalent. Efficient heat transfer is crucial for maintaining stable temperatures and ensuring product quality in industrial processes. Gas-solid fluidized beds, which involve gas circulation through a bed of solid particles, offer a means to achieve efficient heat exchange. However, factors such as particle size, gas velocity, and heating methods can influence the effectiveness of these systems. To investigate the impact of internal heating on heat transfer in gas-solid fluidized beds, an experimental study was conducted using glass beads of 200 and 600 …

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Production Of High-Efficiency Alternative Biodiesel From Transesterification Of Waste Cooking Oil Using An In-House Made Y-Type Zeolite Catalyst, Huda Abdul-Kader, Zaidoon Shakor, Bashir Al-Zaidi, Shurooq Al-Humairi, Musa Salihu Mar 2026

Production Of High-Efficiency Alternative Biodiesel From Transesterification Of Waste Cooking Oil Using An In-House Made Y-Type Zeolite Catalyst, Huda Abdul-Kader, Zaidoon Shakor, Bashir Al-Zaidi, Shurooq Al-Humairi, Musa Salihu

Engineering and Technology Journal

Y-zeolite catalyst, with a Si/Al ratio of 2.23 and a high surface area of 703.34 m2/gcat, was prepared with three different particle sizes: 75, 600, and 1000 μm, from commercial Ludox AS-40 colloidal silica 40 wt.% suspension in water using the hydrothermal method. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analyses were all utilized to analyze the properties of the synthesized Y-zeolite catalyst. Waste cooking oil (WCO) was transesterified to biodiesel in a batch reactor under different temperatures (e.g., 40, 50, and …

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Decontamination Of Aqueous Nuclear Waste Via Pressure-Driven Membrane Application – A Short Review, Taisir Abbas, Khalid Rashid, Saad Al-Saady, Alanood Alsarayrehd, Alberto Figoli, Qusay Alsalhy Mar 2026

Decontamination Of Aqueous Nuclear Waste Via Pressure-Driven Membrane Application – A Short Review, Taisir Abbas, Khalid Rashid, Saad Al-Saady, Alanood Alsarayrehd, Alberto Figoli, Qusay Alsalhy

Engineering and Technology Journal

Radioactive waste poses significant risks to human health and the environment due to the emission of gamma rays, beta particles, and alpha particles from natural or artificial radioactive elements. This paper reviews the essential sources of radioactive waste, their potential risks to humans and the environment, their classification depending on their chemical, physical, and radiological features, and the treatment techniques utilized to prevent them from leaking into the environment. In addition, the current study focuses on using membranes exclusively and membrane technologies in the remediation of radioactive liquid wastes. The use of pressure-driven membrane technologies, such as reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, …

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Servo And Regulatory Response Of An Industrial Fluid Catalytic Cracking (Fcc) Unit Under Fuzzy Logic Supervisory Control, Princewill Josiah, Ipeghan Otaraku, Benson Evbuomwan Mar 2026

Servo And Regulatory Response Of An Industrial Fluid Catalytic Cracking (Fcc) Unit Under Fuzzy Logic Supervisory Control, Princewill Josiah, Ipeghan Otaraku, Benson Evbuomwan

Engineering and Technology Journal

A self-tuning hierarchical controller in which a Fuzzy logic controller supervises the control actions of a conventional PID has been proposed, implemented and presented in this paper. The controller has been applied to a control study of Fluid Catalytic Cracking unit (FCCU) riser temperature, and regenerator temperature respectively. Comparison between the performance of the proposed Fuzzy-PID controller and the conventional PID was made in simulation studies of regulatory and servo performances of the two controller types. Six performance measures: Percent overshoot (OS), settling time (ST), integral absolute error (IAE), integral square error (ISE), integral time absolute error (ITAE) and integral …

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Studying The Effect Of Phosphogypsum Addition On Ceramic Membrane Properties, Adel Zrelli, Elhem Metoui, Abdoulaye Doucouré Mar 2026

Studying The Effect Of Phosphogypsum Addition On Ceramic Membrane Properties, Adel Zrelli, Elhem Metoui, Abdoulaye Doucouré

Engineering and Technology Journal

This study aimed to investigate the effects of phosphogypsum addition on ceramic membrane properties. In this regard, clay and phosphogypsum were characterized using FTIR and laser particle sizer. The ceramic paste was prepared by incorporating varying amounts of phosphogypsum (10 to 50%), followed by molding using a semidry-pressing process at 10 bars pressure and sintering temperature at 900°C. The raw materials and prepared membranes were analyzed using FTIR, laser particle size, contact angle, porosity, and mechanical strength to evaluate the properties of the resulting ceramic membranes. The study showed that as the amount of phosphogypsum increased from 10% to 50%, …

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Speech Recognition Algorithm In A Noisy Environment Based On Power Normalized Cepstral Coefficient And Modified Weighted-Knn, Mohammed Safi, Eyad Abbas Mar 2026

Speech Recognition Algorithm In A Noisy Environment Based On Power Normalized Cepstral Coefficient And Modified Weighted-Knn, Mohammed Safi, Eyad Abbas

Engineering and Technology Journal

Speech recognition is widely used in robot control and automation. Nevertheless, the use of speech recognition in robots is limited due to its susceptibility to background noise. This paper proposes a speech recognition algorithm to control robots in noisy environments. The proposed algorithm is based on Perceptual Linear Predictive Cepstral Coefficients (PNCC), which is a noise-resistant feature extraction technique, and Modified K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) with Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) as the classifier. A new KNN-DTW classifier is proposed, integrating weighted KNN and DTW. The proposed algorithm results from experiments comparing PNCC and Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) feature extraction techniques with …

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Investigation Of Fault Analysis For Renewable Energy Microgrid, Afaneen Abbood, Hanan Habbi, Mohamed Zohdy Mar 2026

Investigation Of Fault Analysis For Renewable Energy Microgrid, Afaneen Abbood, Hanan Habbi, Mohamed Zohdy

Engineering and Technology Journal

This paper investigates the behavior of four bus grid-connected systems during different types of faults. The microgrid comprises a utility grid, a solar PV energy system, a diesel generator, and a load. Symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults at the microgrid distribution network were studied. These faults were applied at the solar PV bus under constant irradiance and temperature. The active and reactive power from the solar PV was synchronized based on the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) solar inverter. The total harmonic distortion (THD) for the load current response was also measured for each symmetrical and unsymmetrical fault. A protection system …

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Implementation Of Hyperbolic Sine And Cosine Functions Based On Fpga Using Different Approaches, Rawasee Yousif, Ivan Hashim, Bassam Abd Mar 2026

Implementation Of Hyperbolic Sine And Cosine Functions Based On Fpga Using Different Approaches, Rawasee Yousif, Ivan Hashim, Bassam Abd

Engineering and Technology Journal

This paper presents the implementations of the hyperbolic sine and cosine functions, which are essential in many digital systems. In the previous eras, these functions were only implemented in software; however, hardware implementations have recently become more significant due to the performance advantages of hardware systems over software implementations. Therefore, these functions can be hardware implemented using various methods such as the CORDIC algorithm, Taylor series, polynomial approximation technique, and LUT approach. This paper focuses on reducing area utilization (logic components), low latency, and reducing power consumption. Five designs are proposed based on different techniques, in which the ROM approach …

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Comparative Study Of Three Saw Configurations For Temperature Sensing, Serhane R., Belkhelfa N. Mar 2026

Comparative Study Of Three Saw Configurations For Temperature Sensing, Serhane R., Belkhelfa N.

Engineering and Technology Journal

This paper demonstrates three SAW configurations' electrical and mechanical behaviors: a one-port resonator, a two-port resonator, and a delay line that works as temperature sensors of around 440 MHz characteristic frequencies. We investigate the sensitivity of the sensors for temperatures up to 200 °C. A linear behavior of the frequency shift versus temperature is observed; the resulting sensitivity of the sensors is evaluated at 22.74 ppm/°C for the one-port resonator, 23.17 for the two-port resonator, and 3.83 ns/°C for the delay line structure. The electromechanical coupling coefficient (k2) is 0.492 % for the delay line, 0.489 % for the one-port …

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Performance Analysis Of Underwater Optical Communication System In Turbulent Link, Murtadha Joudha, Jassim Hmood, Salah Adnan Mar 2026

Performance Analysis Of Underwater Optical Communication System In Turbulent Link, Murtadha Joudha, Jassim Hmood, Salah Adnan

Engineering and Technology Journal

Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) systems have been identified as a suitable replacement technology with high data rates over relatively medium transmission ranges for underwater communication. In the research, we propose a new optical hybrid modulation format for carrying the letters over underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system. This hybrid modulation format combines pulse position modulation (PPM) with digital pulse interval modulation (DPIM) to increase the transporting speed. The proposed UWOC system is experimentally investigated in the laboratory over a clean and turbulent water channel. The message was electrically modulated in the transmitter with PPM-DPIM format and then applied to …

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Image Processing Evaluation Of Lsp Effect On The Corrosion Rate For The 304 Alloy, Raghad Salman, Razi Al-Azawi, A. Kadhim Mar 2026

Image Processing Evaluation Of Lsp Effect On The Corrosion Rate For The 304 Alloy, Raghad Salman, Razi Al-Azawi, A. Kadhim

Engineering and Technology Journal

The purpose of the study is to inhibit the corrosion rate using the (LSP) laser shock processing technology with an ND-YAG laser utilizing the Q-switched technique with a wavelength of 1046 nm for stainless steel 304 alloy. Laser shock processing (LSP) is a novel surface treatment approach for strengthening metal materials that use a high peak power, a brief pulse, and cold hardening. The laser parameters’ effect includes laser pulse energy and pulse repetition rate on the surface properties. The qualities of sample surfaces were investigated, including surface roughness and micro-hardness. The X-ray fluorescence technique was used to analyze the …

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The Energy-Efficient Control Solutions Of Smart Street Lighting Systems: A Review, Issues, And Recommendations, Tarek Abedin, Chong Tak Yaw, Siaw Paw Koh, M.A. Hannan, Sieh Kiong Tiong, Kok Hen Chong, Ahmed N Abdalla, Kharudin Ali Mar 2026

The Energy-Efficient Control Solutions Of Smart Street Lighting Systems: A Review, Issues, And Recommendations, Tarek Abedin, Chong Tak Yaw, Siaw Paw Koh, M.A. Hannan, Sieh Kiong Tiong, Kok Hen Chong, Ahmed N Abdalla, Kharudin Ali

Engineering and Technology Journal

The smart street-lighting system (SSLS) is a leading candidate in the smart city. By the time of the last 15 cycles, many meaningful improvements have been executed in the SSLS with the impact of the internet of things technologies and universal networking devices. Conventional smart street lighting systems are restricted to wireless sensor networks, mobile devices, and old lighting control systems. This article presents a comprehensive treatment of network designs, namely communication, control, and wireless sensor-based smart street lighting system by deploying based on their existing system architecture, and network topologies including leading with it a host of privileges. In …

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Comparative Study Of Induction Motor And Steam Turbine At Kebon Agung Sugar Factory Malang Indonesia, Roro Hendaryati, Sudarman Sudarman, Damario Baskoro, Nyoto Susilo, Cucut Pamungkas, Willy Nugroho, Yepy Sofi'i Mar 2026

Comparative Study Of Induction Motor And Steam Turbine At Kebon Agung Sugar Factory Malang Indonesia, Roro Hendaryati, Sudarman Sudarman, Damario Baskoro, Nyoto Susilo, Cucut Pamungkas, Willy Nugroho, Yepy Sofi'i

Engineering and Technology Journal

Induction motors and steam turbines are the main components in the sugar cane milling process. This study analyzes the efficiency of induction motors and steam turbines as mill drives at the Kebon Agung Sugar Factory in Malang, Indonesia. This study used experimental methods by observing and testing at the Kebon Agung Sugar Factory. The induction motors analyzed were mills 1, 2, and 5. Meanwhile, the steam turbines analyzed were cane cutter 1, 2, heavy-duty hammer shredder, mill 3, and mill 4. Motor and turbine data were obtained through the control system. Furthermore, the motor and turbine data are processed, and …

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Analytical Study Of Free Vibration Characteristics For Sandwich Cylindrical Shell With Single Phase Metal Core, Ahmed Mouthanna, Sadeq Bakhy, Muhannad Al-Waily Mar 2026

Analytical Study Of Free Vibration Characteristics For Sandwich Cylindrical Shell With Single Phase Metal Core, Ahmed Mouthanna, Sadeq Bakhy, Muhannad Al-Waily

Engineering and Technology Journal

This paper presents an analytical investigation of the nonlinear vibration characteristics of a single-phase functionally graded cylindrical shell panel with various porous metal cores. Porous constructions with varying degrees of porosity throughout their volume are known as functionally graded materials (FGMs). These materials have a wide range of applications across several industries, including shipbuilding, automotive, biomedical, marine, and aerospace. The sandwich cylindrical panel has a porous metal core, while the top and bottom faces are composed of homogeneous materials. The model is improved using a power-law function. The governing equations of motion are discretized according to the classical thin shell …

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Exploring The Effects Of A New Lifter Design And Ball Mill Speed On Grinding Performance And Particle Behaviour: A Comparative Analysis, Ali Safa, Sahraoui Aissat Mar 2026

Exploring The Effects Of A New Lifter Design And Ball Mill Speed On Grinding Performance And Particle Behaviour: A Comparative Analysis, Ali Safa, Sahraoui Aissat

Engineering and Technology Journal

Ball mills are the leading grinding equipment in the mineral processing industry. Balls are the primary component in the grinding of materials. Lifters lift these balls to the shoulder position before cataracts them to the toe position. Almost all classical theories do not consider the lifter's geometry in calculating the energy consumption of ball mills and focus only on the fill level of the charge, the lifter dimensions, their number, and the mill's rotational speed. To improve the ball mill's performance, a new shape of the lifters was proposed in the present research work. Simulation through the EDEM software and …

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Impact Of Cooling Fluid Temperature On The Structural Integrity Of Gas Turbine Stator Blades, Olumide Towoju Mar 2026

Impact Of Cooling Fluid Temperature On The Structural Integrity Of Gas Turbine Stator Blades, Olumide Towoju

Engineering and Technology Journal

The importance of gas turbine engines to the aviation industry cannot be overemphasized. Being a major part of aircrafts and jets, its reliability must be second to none. They are continuously subjected to extreme conditions during service making them the subject of constant studies. To produce the thrust and torque power required of them, they have to convert the intense heat and pressure inherent in hot combustion gases. To withstand the high combustion gas temperature without thermal failure, specialized materials and cooling are employed. This study numerically investigated the effect of cooling fluid temperature on the structural integrity of a …

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Performance Evaluation Of Pv Panel Powered Dual Thermoelectric Air Conditioning System, Mustafa Salman, Mahmoud Mahdi, Majida Ahmed Mar 2026

Performance Evaluation Of Pv Panel Powered Dual Thermoelectric Air Conditioning System, Mustafa Salman, Mahmoud Mahdi, Majida Ahmed

Engineering and Technology Journal

Thermoelectric air condition system (TEACs) powered by solar photovoltaics is useful for thermal comfort applications, especially when there is a direct energy source like sunlight. This paper presents experimental investigations of solar-powered thermoelectric air conditioning for both cooling and heating modes. The experiments were carried out in a test room whose volume is 1 m3 under the climatic conditions of the city of Baghdad. In the summer, the thermoelectric device functions as a Peltier cooler. The cold side absorbs the heat from the inside to lower the room's temperature. As for winter, the heat is released from the thermoelectric Peltier …

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The Effect Of Vibrating Inner Cylinder On Natural Convective Heat Transfer In Concentric And Eccentric Horizontal Cylindrical Annuli, Baydaa Khudhair, Adel Saleh, Ali Ekaid Mar 2026

The Effect Of Vibrating Inner Cylinder On Natural Convective Heat Transfer In Concentric And Eccentric Horizontal Cylindrical Annuli, Baydaa Khudhair, Adel Saleh, Ali Ekaid

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this study, natural heat convection caused by centric and vertically eccentric long horizontal cylinders under the influence of vibration is experimentally investigated. The internal wall of the annulus is heated and kept at a constant heat flux, while the outside wall is cooled and maintained at a constant temperature. The vibration frequency impacts the annular convection heat transfer process and the effects of the Rayleigh number, heat flow, and eccentricity. This work employed a moderate, laminar-ranging Rayleigh number from (5×104 to 6.48×106), while the eccentricity range is varied from (-0.667, 0, and+0.667). The investigation is carried out at five …

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The Effect Of Electrode Geometry And Pre-Heating Treatment On Resistance Spot Welding Strength, Lana Hassan, Hameed Lafta Mar 2026

The Effect Of Electrode Geometry And Pre-Heating Treatment On Resistance Spot Welding Strength, Lana Hassan, Hameed Lafta

Engineering and Technology Journal

Resistance spot welding (RSW) is one of the most significant and common metal joining methods used in industries. The present paper discusses the comparative performance of resistance spot welding electrodes of nontraditional design with the traditional one of 8 mm contact diameter in welding a 1.5 mm thick low carbon steel sheet used in automobile structural bodies and bridges. The modified electrode tip surface center was machined to have three different holes of 2, 3, and 4 mm depth and three different diameters of 2, 4, and 6 mm producing nine different hollow electrode dimensions. As well as the influence …

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Mathematical Model Of Properties And Experimental Fatigue Investigation At Elevated Temperatures Of Functionally Gradient Materials, Ziadoon M.R Al-Hadrayi, Ahmed Al-Khazraji, Ahmed Shandookh Mar 2026

Mathematical Model Of Properties And Experimental Fatigue Investigation At Elevated Temperatures Of Functionally Gradient Materials, Ziadoon M.R Al-Hadrayi, Ahmed Al-Khazraji, Ahmed Shandookh

Engineering and Technology Journal

Fatigue that occurs at elevated temperatures is called thermal fatigue. High temperatures and cycling loads cause thermal fatigue that can cause component failures. In this paper, induced the mathematical models for functionally gradient materials and three models of functionally gradient materials (FGMs) manufactured by permanent casting were tested to predict their thermal fatigue life. FGMs have been tested to determine the effect of fatigue and temperature interactions. FGMs models were of FGM1, FGM2, and FGM3  respectively, with the following volume fractions and gradations: [100%Al-50%Al50%Zn-50%Zn50%Al-100%Zn], [100%Al-30%Zn70%Al-70%Zn30%Al-100%Zn] and [100%Al-70%Zn30%Al-30%Zn70%Al-100%Zn]. The experimental procedure presented the mechanical properties as modulus of elasticity at two …

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Effect Of Ecap Process On Mechanical Properties And Microstructure Of Aa-6061 Recycled Chips, Rawa Mohammed, Ayad Shahab, Alireza Rezaei Mar 2026

Effect Of Ecap Process On Mechanical Properties And Microstructure Of Aa-6061 Recycled Chips, Rawa Mohammed, Ayad Shahab, Alireza Rezaei

Engineering and Technology Journal

The oxidation of aluminum machined chips makes successful recycling via the traditional re-melting technique difficult. A viable solution to this problem is to utilize solid-state recycling to transform aluminum machined chips directly into semi-finished goods, eliminating the costs of the re-melting process and minimizing CO2 emissions. In the present study, Al-6061 alloy chips have been recycled using hot extrusion followed by severe plastic deformation at ambient temperature to examine the material's mechanical properties and microstructures. The current study investigates the effects of equal channel angular pressing samples after (1, 2, and 4) cycles using a die with  90° and  20° …

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Investigation Of Frequency-Domain-Based Vibration Signal Analysis For Uav Unbalance Fault Classification, Luttfi Al-Haddad, Alaa Jaber, Paramin Neranon, Sinan Al-Haddad Mar 2026

Investigation Of Frequency-Domain-Based Vibration Signal Analysis For Uav Unbalance Fault Classification, Luttfi Al-Haddad, Alaa Jaber, Paramin Neranon, Sinan Al-Haddad

Engineering and Technology Journal

The flying reliability of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and flying robots, which directly determines the operational degree of safety, is becoming more important in recent intelligent decades. Reliability and a high level of safety are critical for autonomously controlled flying robots, especially in transportation and entertainment applications. Subsequently, monitoring UAV health is crucial and essential for system safety, cost savings, and excellent dependability. The development of numerous monitoring strategies has resulted from the requirement for a simple and accurate unbalance classification procedure. This paper provides an Unbalance Classification and Isolation (UCI) system for multirotor UAV propeller impairments. The technique is …

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Computational Single And Multiphase Approaches To Investigate The Hydrothermal Behavior Of Hybrid Nano-Fluid In Plain And Wavy Tubes, Ahmed S. Habeeb, Sattar Aljabair, Abdulhassan Karamallah Mar 2026

Computational Single And Multiphase Approaches To Investigate The Hydrothermal Behavior Of Hybrid Nano-Fluid In Plain And Wavy Tubes, Ahmed S. Habeeb, Sattar Aljabair, Abdulhassan Karamallah

Engineering and Technology Journal

The newest class of heat transfer improvement is accomplished by using hybrid Nano-fluids. Therefore, the heat transfer and pressure drop of a mixture of Iron oxide (Fe3O4) and Magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles suspended into the base fluid under a turbulent regime through a plain and wavy tube are computed employing commercial software ANSYS Fluent. A mixture of Fe3O4 and MgO nanoparticles in pure water is considered a brand-new type of hybrid Nano-fluid for boosting heat transfer. The simulation procedures were performed utilizing the single and multiphase (mixture) approaches at Reynolds number in the range of (3,916 - 31,331) and volume …

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Experimental And Numerical Study Of Spur Gears With Lightening Holes, Almurtadha Ahmed, Ali Hassan Mar 2026

Experimental And Numerical Study Of Spur Gears With Lightening Holes, Almurtadha Ahmed, Ali Hassan

Engineering and Technology Journal

The gear is a very important component of power transmission in a flying vehicle and rotating mechanisms etc... In this paper, the dynamic effect and stresses generated as a result of the mash gear will be studied by designing light-weight gears by making lightening holes of multiple diameters (14, 19, 24 and 29) mm at serval speeds (500,1000,1500,2000) that represent the variables parameter with a fixed dimension between the center of the holes and the center of rotation of the gear 43 mm and the number of 5 holes for gears with reduction ratios of gear mass ranging from (3.6%-15%) …

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Applying Nanocomposite Coatings To Improve Orthopedic Alloys By Using Multiple Flame Spray, Shahad Jabbar, Niveen Abdulkader, Payman Ahmed Mar 2026

Applying Nanocomposite Coatings To Improve Orthopedic Alloys By Using Multiple Flame Spray, Shahad Jabbar, Niveen Abdulkader, Payman Ahmed

Engineering and Technology Journal

Due to their excellent mechanical and biocompatibility characteristics, CoCr-based alloys are frequently employed in orthopaedic implant applications. It is necessary to maximize their general characteristics, corrosion resistance, and ion release. Despite several benefits, coating with torch flame spray has weaker adherence. As a result, powder metallurgy was employed to combine Si and Nb elements with CoCr alloys. CoCrNb and CoCrSi alloys were sprayed with multiple torch flames to apply two different kinds of Nano-coatings (A: 75% HAP+ 25% SiC, and B: 75% Zeolite+ 25% ZrO2). In two samples, alloying elements Nb and Si were added at a concentration of 5 …

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Oxidation Behavior Of Inconel 625 Alloy Through Aliminide Diffusion Method Using Y2o3 And Zro2 Nanoparticles, Mustafa Jawhar, Muna Abbass, Israa Aziz, Fuad Khoshnaw Mar 2026

Oxidation Behavior Of Inconel 625 Alloy Through Aliminide Diffusion Method Using Y2o3 And Zro2 Nanoparticles, Mustafa Jawhar, Muna Abbass, Israa Aziz, Fuad Khoshnaw

Engineering and Technology Journal

The pack cementation process was used to create a type of Y2O3+ZrO2 doped Cr-Co-modified aluminide coating that takes advantage of the synergistic effects of nano Y2O3 and ZrO2 particles. A Ni-based superalloy (type IN625 type) was coated with pack powder containing: Al as a source of aluminum; Cr as a source of chromium, Co as a source of cobalt, NH4Cl as a source of activator; nano Y2O3-ZrO2 as a source of reactive element oxide; and Al2O3 as a source of filler metal. The process was carried out for 6 hours at 1100oC temperature. The microstructure characterization of the coating was …

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Deposition Of Gdsmti Coating For Corrosion Control Of Ss 316l In Bio-Field, Shaimaa Naser, Rana Anaee, Hussein Jaber Mar 2026

Deposition Of Gdsmti Coating For Corrosion Control Of Ss 316l In Bio-Field, Shaimaa Naser, Rana Anaee, Hussein Jaber

Engineering and Technology Journal

The corporation of rare earth metals (lanthanides series) with other metals gives good properties in different fields, such as protecting the metallic surface from corrosion risk. In this work, the investigation on adding gadolinium (Gd) and samarium (Sm) as rare metals to bio-inert titanium (Ti) as transition metal was done to protect stainless steel (SS 316L) as bio metallic implant which is used in biofield because of its excellent mechanical properties, low costs, biocompatibility, inertness, and mechanical properties, chemical stability, workability, and high corrosion resistance. The corporation was done through coating using direct current (DC) sputtering technique from the target …

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Promote Osseointegration Through Surface Functionalization Of Ti-Zr Alloy By Nano Composite Fiber, Amjed Al-Khateeb, Emad Al-Hassani, Akram Jabur, Suriani Binti Abu Bakar Mar 2026

Promote Osseointegration Through Surface Functionalization Of Ti-Zr Alloy By Nano Composite Fiber, Amjed Al-Khateeb, Emad Al-Hassani, Akram Jabur, Suriani Binti Abu Bakar

Engineering and Technology Journal

Using bioactive and biocompatible coatings to biofunctionalized metallic implant surfaces for enhanced bone regeneration while resisting bacterial infection has attracted materials scientists' interest. Bio-metallic Ti-25Zr disc sample was prepared using powder metallurgy and then coated using an electrospinning method to form a nanocomposite fiber as a coating layer over the surface of the metal alloy substrate. Three nano-compounds (Nano-hydroxyapatite, Nano-Titanium dioxide, Nano-strontium titanite) were added individually to the Polycaprolactone/Chitosan blend to prepare the electrospinning solutions. The results show a significant improvement in biocompatibility for the coated samples after seven days of (MC3T3-E1) cell culture. Cell viability percentages were significantly higher …

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