Digital Commons Network^™

Low Energy Event Reconstruction In Icecube Deepcore, R. Abbasi, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, J. M. Alameddine, A. A. Alves, N. M. Amin, K. Andeen, T. Anderson, G. Anton, C. Argüelles, Y. Ashida, S. Axani, X. Bai, V. A. Balagopal, S. W. Barwick, B. Bastian, V. Basu, S. Baur, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, K. H. Becker, J. Becker Tjus

Physics: Faculty Publications and Other Works

The reconstruction of event-level information, such as the direction or energy of a neutrino interacting in IceCube DeepCore, is a crucial ingredient to many physics analyses. Algorithms to extract this high level information from the detector’s raw data have been successfully developed and used for high energy events. In this work, we address unique challenges associated with the reconstruction of lower energy events in the range of a few to hundreds of GeV and present two separate, state-of-the-art algorithms. One algorithm focuses on the fast directional reconstruction of events based on unscattered light. The second algorithm is a likelihood-based multipurpose …

Symptoms Of Paranoia Experienced By Students Of Pakistani Heritage In England: The Role Of Explicit And Implicit Identities And Perceived Discrimination, Anam Elahi, Jason C. Mcintyre, Justin Thomas, Louise Abernethy, Richard P. Bentall, Ross G. White

All Works

ABSTRACT: Individuals belonging to ethnic minority groups are less likely to experience symptoms of psychosis, such as paranoia, if they live in areas with high proportions of people from the same ethnic background. This effect may be due to processes associated with group belonging (social identification). We examined whether the relationship between perceived discrimination and paranoia was moderated by explicit and implicit Pakistani/English identification among students of Pakistani heritage (N = 119). Participants completed measures of explicit and implicit Pakistani and English identity, a measure of perceived discrimination, and a measure of paranoia. Perceived discrimination was the strongest predictor of …

Using Deep Learning To Detect Social Media ‘Trolls’, Áine Macdermott, Michal Motylinski, Farkhund Iqbal, Kellyann Stamp, Mohammed Hussain, Andrew Marrington

All Works

Detecting criminal activity online is not a new concept but how it can occur is changing. Technology and the influx of social media applications and platforms has a vital part to play in this changing landscape. As such, we observe an increasing problem with cyber abuse and ‘trolling’/toxicity amongst social media platforms sharing stories, posts, memes sharing content. In this paper we present our work into the application of deep learning techniques for the detection of ‘trolls’ and toxic content shared on social media platforms. We propose a machine learning solution for the detection of toxic images based on embedded …

‘Fly-Ing’ From Rare To Common Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanisms, Mengqi Ma, Matthew J Moulton, Shenzhao Lu, Hugo J Bellen

Duncan NRI Faculty and Staff Publications

Genome sequencing advances have enabled researchers and clinicians to probe vast numbers of human variants to distinguish pathogenic from benign variation. Model organisms have been critical in variant assessment and delineating molecular mechanisms of some of the diseases caused by these variants. The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has played a valuable role in this endeavor, taking advantage of its genetic technologies and established biological knowledge. In this review, we highlight the utility of the fly in studying the function of genes associated with rare neurological diseases that have led to a better understanding of common disease mechanisms. We emphasize …

Removal Of Kcnq2 From Parvalbumin-Expressing Interneurons Improves Anti-Seizure Efficacy Of Retigabine, Junzhan Jing, Corrinne Dunbar, Alina Sonesra, Ana Chavez, Suhyeorn Park, Ryan Yang, Heun Soh, Maxwell Lee, Anastasios V Tzingounis, Edward C Cooper, Xiaolong Jiang, Atul Maheshwari

Duncan NRI Faculty and Staff Publications

Anti-seizure drug (ASD) targets are widely expressed in both excitatory and inhibitory neurons. It remains unknown if the action of an ASD upon inhibitory neurons could counteract its beneficial effects on excitatory neurons (or vice versa), thereby reducing the efficacy of the ASD. Here, we examine whether the efficacy of the ASD retigabine (RTG) is altered after removal of the Kv7 potassium channel subunit KCNQ2, one of its drug targets, from parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PV-INs). Parvalbumin-Cre (PV-Cre) mice were crossed with Kcnq2-floxed (Kcnq2fl/fl) mice to conditionally delete Kcnq2 from PV-INs. In these conditional knockout mice (cKO, PV-Kcnq2 …

Evidence For An Association Between Coffin-Siris Syndrome And Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia, Yoel Gofin, Xiaonan Zhao, Amanda Gerard, Fernando Scaglia, Michael F Wangler, Samantha A Schrier Vergano, Daryl A Scott

Duncan NRI Faculty and Staff Publications

Coffin-Siris syndrome (CSS) is an autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental syndrome that can present with a variety of structural birth defects. Pathogenic variants in 12 genes have been shown to cause CSS. Most of these genes encode proteins that are a part of the mammalian switch/sucrose non-fermentable (mSWI/SNF; BAF) complex. An association between genes that cause CSS and congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) has been suggested based on case reports and the analysis of CSS and CDH cohorts. Here, we describe an unpublished individual with CSS and CDH, and we report additional clinical information on four published cases. Data from these individuals, and …

Dino Shindig 2022, Carter County Museum, Megan Tanner Schultz

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

This study was conducted for the Carter County Museum to provide insight into the characteristics of attendees of the 2022 Dino Shindig. Surveys on site implemented via a tablet and iForm survey software were collected and a post-event web survey were completed by a total of 84 attendees and/or participants of the event. Results show that 54% of respondents were residents of Montana and of those Montana residents, 18% were from Carter County. Results provide event organizers and the Carter County Museum with useful data for future event planning, making improvements to the event, event marketing/promotion, and understanding the visitor …

Montana Travel Experience Survey: Summary Report, Kara Grau

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

This summary report highlights select findings from the nonresident 2021-2022 Montana Travel Experience Survey. Data included here were collected from late May, 2021 through June, 2022. 1,327 surveys were collected. Questions included topics related to visitors’ use of public lands, trip planning, and questions for first time and repeat visitors.

Montana Trends: Montanans' Consumer Confidence & Expectations For Income, Travel, And Recreation, Carter Bermingham, Matthew Pettigrew, Megan Schultz, Josh Martin

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

This report is a summary of Montana residents and their expectations related to spending, personal income, travel, and recreation over the next 12 months. ITRR conducted a similar study in 2019, aimed at understanding the current trends of consumer confidence in addition to residents' expectations for travel plans over a one year time horizon. Since that time, much has changed, including the COVID-19 pandemic and increased demand for the MT tourism industry, rising gas prices, and inflation at historic levels. This report highlights residents' sentiments regarding fuel prices, personal income, and travel.

The Normal Review, A Literary And Arts Publication, Fall 2022, The Normal Review

The Normal Review

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Scent Lures On Detection Is Not Equitable Among Sympatric Species Data, Marlin M. Dart, Lora B. Perkins, Jonathan A. Jenks, Gary Hatfield, Robert C. Lonsinger

NRM Departmental Data Sets

This data represents wildlife detection data resulting from a camera trapping survey conducted in southcentral South Dakota during summer 2019, along with information on sites surveyed, treatments applied, and environmental conditions during sampling.

Each files contains data associated with different sampling stations; wildlife species detection data, site specific data, and survey specific environmental conditions. The files all contain a common field (i.e., ‘Station’) to indicate this relationship.

Downloadable zip file contains the following data:

1. Dart et al_Species_Detection_Data.txt
2. Dart et al_Site_Data.txt
3. Dart et al_Survey_Data.txt

The Impact Of Information-Seeking Self-Efficacy And Online Learning Self-Efficacy On Students’ Performance Proficiency, Yingqi Tang, Hungwei Tseng, Xingyi Tang

Research, Publications & Creative Work

This study surveyed 359 online undergraduate and graduate students regarding their information-seeking self-efficacy, online learning self-efficacy, and performance proficiency. A mediation model was conducted to examine the direct effect of students' online learning self-efficacy on their performance proficiency and the mediation effect of information-seeking self-efficacy. Multivariate correlational analysis showed that all three variables significantly correlated. Of the three variables, online learning self-efficacy has the strongest correlation to performance proficiency, while the variable with the least amount of correlation is between online-learning and information-seeking efficacies. Moreover, a significant regression equation showed that students' average performance proficiency increased by 0.359 for each …

The Effectiveness Of Mixed Reality Design Applied In A General Education Course Of University Suicide Gatekeeper Training, Sheng-Wei Wang, Chia-Yi Wu, Ming-Been Lee, Michael Chun-Ta Lin, Ting-Kai Ho, Fu-Ming Lu, Hsin-Ting Wu

Journal of Medical Education

Objective: To understand the feedback of college students on the application of mixed reality (MR) to the suicide prevention gatekeeper course. Methods: The course was an elective course with 16-week discussion courses (N = 95). The study analyzed the MR experience feedback of students in the general course of mental health promotion and suicide prevention in the second half semester in 2021 of a university in Northern Taiwan. A structured questionnaire survey with one short open question was filled in by students anonymously. Results: A total of 62 students completing the surveyed questions were recruited for the study. The response …

Vaccines And Dermatology: Expanding The Role Of Dermatology Clinics In The Name Of Public Health, Charles Dunn, Yasser Faraj, Nicole Vesely, Michael Foss, Austin Ambur, Rajiv Nathoo

GME Publications

No abstract provided.

The Insulin Receptor Regulates The Persistence Of Mechanical Nociceptive Sensitization In Flies And Mice, Tatiana V Karpinets, Xiaogang Wu, Travis Solley, Molly B El Alam, Travis T Sims, Kyoko Yoshida-Court, Erica Lynn, Mustapha Ahmed-Kaddar, Greyson Biegert, Jingyan Yue, Xingzhi Song, Huandong Sun, Joseph F Petrosino, Melissa P Mezzari, Pablo Okhuysen, Patricia J Eifel, Anuja Jhingran, Lilie L Lin, Kathleen M Schmeler, Lois Ramondetta, Nadim Ajami, Robert R Jenq, Andrew Futreal, Jianhua Zhang, Ann H Klopp, Lauren E Colbert

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Early phase diabetes is often accompanied by pain sensitization. In Drosophila, the insulin receptor (InR) regulates the persistence of injury-induced thermal nociceptive sensitization. Whether Drosophila InR also regulates the persistence of mechanical nociceptive sensitization remains unclear. Mice with a sensory neuron deletion of the insulin receptor (Insr) show normal nociceptive baselines; however, it is uncertain whether deletion of Insr in nociceptive sensory neurons leads to persistent nociceptive hypersensitivity. In this study, we used fly and mouse nociceptive sensitization models to address these questions. In flies, InR mutants and larvae with sensory neuron-specific expression of RNAi …

Reproductive Health Perspectives Of Young Women With Perinatally And Behaviourally Acquired Hiv: A Qualitative Study, Lizelle Comfort, Dana Watnick, Melissa Peskin, Julie Gutierrez, Jacob Abadi, Jessica Atrio

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to describe the sexual and reproductive goals of female adolescents with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in an urban cohort and decipher if they vary depending on the mode of HIV acquisition.

METHODS: We conducted in-depth qualitative interviews with 25 Black and/or Hispanic/Latinx female adolescents living with HIV (14 perinatally, 11 behaviourally acquired) aged 17-25 years who have access to care and antiretroviral therapy at an urban public hospitals (NYC, NY). Interviews were transcribed, coded and analysed using thematic analysis.

RESULTS: Interviews demonstrated that access to antiretroviral therapy and HIV disclosure to a sexual …

Biophysical And Biochemical Characterization Of The Receptor Binding Domain Of Sars-Cov-2 Variants, Ritika Khatri, Hilal Ahmad Parray, Gazala Siddiqui, Adarsh Kumar Chiranjivi, Sneha Raj, Rachel Kaul, Vikas Maithil, Sweety Samal, Shubbir Ahmed

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants are potential threat and posing new challenges for medical intervention due to high transmissibility and escaping neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses. Many of these variants have mutations in the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that interacts with the host cell receptor. Rapid mutation in the RBD through natural selection to improve affinity for host receptor and antibody pressure from vaccinated or infected individual will greatly impact the presently adopted strategies for developing interventions. Understanding the nature of mutations and how they impact the biophysical, biochemical and immunological properties of the RBD will help …

Outcomes Of The Second Aqueous Shunt Implant Versus Transscleral Cyclophotocoagulation Treatment Study: A Randomized Comparative Trial, Robert M Feldman, Alice Z Chuang, Steve L Mansberger, Angelo P Tanna, Lauren S Blieden, Nicholas P Bell, Ronald L Gross, Louis R Pasquale, David S Greenfield, Jeffrey M Liebmann, Robert N Weinreb

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

PRCIS: Short-term overall success rates were high with either SGDD or CPC. However, SGDD was associated with more clinic visits and an increased risk of additional glaucoma surgery. Both treatments were reasonable options for eyes with inadequately controlled IOP after a single GDD.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to compare the implantation of a second glaucoma drainage device (SGDD) and transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (CPC) in eyes with inadequately controlled intraocular pressure (IOP), despite the presence of a preexisting glaucoma drainage device.

METHODS: Patients with inadequately controlled IOP, despite the medical therapy and a preexisting glaucoma drainage device, were enrolled …

Frosted Branch Angiitis After Smallpox Vaccination, Kristen Collister, Sam S Dahr

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

PURPOSE: To describe a patient presenting with frosted branch angiitis soon after small-pox vaccination.

OBSERVATIONS: Frosted branch angiitis (FBA) is an acute onset retinal vasculitis featuring prominent perivascular sheathing in otherwise healthy individuals. FBA has been associated with noninfectious and infectious etiologies. This report describes a twenty-year-old African American female who developed bilateral frosted branch angiitis one week after small-pox vaccination. At presentation, the patient had bilateral, para-central visual field defects and subjective visual disturbances. On dilated exam, the patient demonstrated diffuse vasculitis bilaterally. The patient's field defects and clinical exam responded dramatically to oral prednisone therapy.

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPORTANCE: …

Comparison Of The Neer Classification To The 2018 Update Of The Orthopedic Trauma Association/Ao Fracture Classification For Classifying Proximal Humerus Fractures, Meir T Marmor, Julie Agel, Jarrod Dumpe, James F Kellam, Geoffrey S Marecek, Eric Meinberg, Mai P Nguyen, Stephen Sims, Gillian L Soles, Matthew D Karam

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: The classification of fractures is necessary to ensure a reliable means of communication for clinical interaction, education and research. The Neer classification is the most commonly used classification for proximal humerus fractures. In 2018 the Orthopedic Trauma Association (OTA) and the AO Foundation provided an update to the OTA/AO Fracture Classification Scheme addressing many of the concerns about the previous versions of the classification. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the rater reliability of the 2 classifications and if the classifications subjectively better characterized the fracture patterns.

METHODS: X-rays and CT scans of 24 proximal humerus …

Is Prior Hip Arthroscopy Associated With Higher Complication Rates Or Prolonged Opioid Claims After Total Hip Arthroplasty? A Matched Cohort Study, Bailey J Ross, Ryan J Wortman, Olivia C Lee, Alfred A Mansour, Wendell W Cole, William F Sherman

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Hip arthroscopy (HA) procedures have increased exponentially in recent years. Their effect on outcomes after subsequent total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains unclear.

PURPOSE: To compare rates of complications and opioid claims after elective THA among patients with prior HA versus controls.

STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

METHODS: Patients who underwent THA were identified in the PearlDiver database. Arthroplasty performed for hip fractures and hip avascular necrosis were excluded. Within this population, patients with HA before arthroplasty (n = 3156) were propensity score matched 1:1 with controls on age, sex, US region, and several comorbidities. Rates of …

Development Of A Personalized Shared Decision-Making Tool For Knee Osteoarthritis And User-Testing With African American And Latina Women, Lynne C Jones, Anne M Maurer, Michael L Parks, Philip C Noble, Carla Harwell, Melvyn Harrington, Katherine G Bay, Charles L Nelson, Mary I O'Connor

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Patients with chronic knee pain are often unaware of treatment options and likely outcomes-information that is critical to decision-making. A consistent framework for communicating patient-personalized information enables clinicians to provide consistent, targeted, and relevant information. Our objective was to user-test a shared decision-making (SDM) tool for chronic knee pain.

METHODS: A cross-functional team developed a Markov-based health economics model and tested the model outputs with patient panels, patient and clinician focus groups, and clinical specialists. The resulting SDM tool was user-tested in a parallel-designed, randomized controlled study with 52 African American and 52 Latina women from geographically representative areas …

Metaphyseal Dysplasia, Spahr Type; A Case Report Of Variable Expressivity In Non-Consanguineous Filipino Siblings, Kailash Panchapakesan, Brennan Roper, Kate Mowrey, Paul Hillman, Shiraz Younas

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction:

Metaphyseal dysplasia describes a heterogenous group of skeletal dysplasias with varying inheritance patterns, which preferentially demonstrate dysplastic changes within the metaphyseal region of long bones. The clinical consequences of these dysplastic changes are highly variable, but most uniformly include decreased stature, increased upper-to-lower segment proportions, genu varus, and knee pain. Metaphyseal dysplasia, Spahr type (MDST) [MIM: 250400] is a rare primary bone dysplasia that was first clinically described in 1961 in four of five siblings with moderate short stature, metaphyseal dysplasia, mild genu vara, and no biochemical signs of rickets. For many decades, MDST was a clinical diagnosis, but …

Ureteroscopy Under Conscious Sedation: A Proof-Of-Concept Study, Kunal Jain, Ruben Blachman-Braun, Esha Jain, Amanda Eng, Brian Peters, Premal Patel

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: Ureteroscopy (URS) is commonly performed under general anesthesia (GA) to maximize patient tolerability and minimize surgical complications; however, given the improvements in endoscopic technology and risks associated with GA, alternate forms of anesthesia have been postulated. We aimed to evaluate the outcomes of URS under conscious sedation.

METHODS: We completed a retrospective cohort study from November 2019 to June 2020 at a tertiary-level hospital. All URSs that were performed under urologist-directed conscious sedation were included. Our primary outcome was the ability to complete URS, defined as success rate. Secondary outcomes included: stone-free rate, intraoperative complication rate, hospital admission rate, …

Nut Carcinoma Of The Submandibular Gland: A Case At This Uncommon Site With Review Of The Literature, Vanessa Moreno, Christopher A French, Tianhua Guo, Hui Zhu, Songling Zhang, Darryl Duncan, Ron J Karni, Angel I Blanco, Syed H Jafri, Karan Saluja

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Nuclear protein in testis (NUT) carcinoma is a rare, highly aggressive, undifferentiated carcinoma that harbors a characteristic rearrangement of the NUTM1 gene. The majority arise in adolescents and young adults especially from the midline structures of the thorax, head, and neck. Until the present, there have only been three reported cases of NUT carcinoma of the submandibular gland, two of which were reported in children and another one in an adult from Korea. Here, we report the first case of NUT carcinoma arising in the submandibular gland of an adult female in the United States, representing the fourth case worldwide. …

Is Prior Hip Arthroscopy Associated With Higher Complication Rates Or Prolonged Opioid Claims After Total Hip Arthroplasty? A Matched Cohort Study, Bailey J Ross, Ryan J Wortman, Olivia C Lee, Alfred A Mansour, Wendell W Cole, William F Sherman

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Hip arthroscopy (HA) procedures have increased exponentially in recent years. Their effect on outcomes after subsequent total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains unclear.

PURPOSE: To compare rates of complications and opioid claims after elective THA among patients with prior HA versus controls.

STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

METHODS: Patients who underwent THA were identified in the PearlDiver database. Arthroplasty performed for hip fractures and hip avascular necrosis were excluded. Within this population, patients with HA before arthroplasty (n = 3156) were propensity score matched 1:1 with controls on age, sex, US region, and several comorbidities. Rates of …

Cannabis Use And Sinonasal Symptoms In Us Adults, Francis Reyes Orozco, Matthew Lin, Kevin Hur

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

IMPORTANCE: Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit substance in the US and worldwide. Understanding the association between cannabis use and sinonasal symptoms may help clinicians and patients better understand the symptomatology associated with cannabis use.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between frequency of cannabis use and presence of sinonasal symptoms in a nationally representative sample of US adults.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This population-based, retrospective cross-sectional study included adults aged 20 to 69 years who had completed data on sinonasal symptoms and substance use for the 2013 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The data were analyzed …

Duration Of Ischemia Affects Outcomes Independent Of Infarct Size In Stroke, Youngran Kim, Swapnil Khose, Osama O Zaidat, Ameer E Hassan, Johanna T Fifi, Ashish Nanda, Benjamin Atchie, Britton Woodward, Arnd Doerfler, Alejandro Tomasello, Albert J Yoo, Sunil A Sheth

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Delays in endovascular reperfusion for patients with large vessel occlusion stroke are known to worsen outcomes, and the mechanism is believed to be time-dependent expansion of the ischemic infarction. In this study, we hypothesize that delays in onset to reperfusion (OTR) assert an effect on outcomes independent of effects of final infarct (FI).

Methods: We performed a subgroup analysis from the prospective multicenter COMPLETE (International Acute Ischemic Stroke Registry With the Penumbra System Aspiration Including the 3D Revascularization Device; Penumbra, Inc) registry for 257 patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion who underwent endovascular therapy with successful reperfusion (modified …

Indocyanine Green Angiography As The Principal Design And Perfusion Assessment Tool For The Supraclavicular Artery Island Flap In Head And Neck Reconstruction, Jo-Lawrence M Bigcas, Carolyn A Debiase, Tang Ho

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

A consecutive case series of supraclavicular artery island flaps was designed using indocyanine green angiography (IcG-A) in head and neck reconstruction to demonstrate its utilization in supraclavicular artery island flap (SCAIF) head and neck reconstruction. IcG-A was used consecutively between April 2014 and July 2015 to evaluate its use in flap design, inset, and intraoperative decision-making in five patients undergoing head and neck reconstruction. Six SCAIFs were harvested in five patients where IcG-A was used as the primary tool for flap design by visually mapping the supraclavicular artery under fluorescence. Each flap was harvested around the mapped course of the …

Multimodel Order Independent Component Analysis: A Data-Driven Method For Evaluating Brain Functional Network Connectivity Within And Between Multiple Spatial Scales, Xing Meng, Armin Iraji, Zening Fu, Peter Kochunov, Aysenil Belger, Judith Ford, Sara Mcewen, Daniel H Mathalon, Bryon A Mueller, Godfrey Pearlson, Steven G Potkin, Adrian Preda, Jessica Turner, Theo Van Erp, Jing Sui, Vince D Calhoun

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background:

While functional connectivity is widely studied, there has been little work studying functional connectivity at different spatial scales. Likewise, the relationship of functional connectivity between spatial scales is unknown.

Methods:

We proposed an independent component analysis (ICA)-based approach to capture information at multiple-model orders (component numbers), and to evaluate functional network connectivity (FNC) both within and between model orders. We evaluated the approach by studying group differences in the context of a study of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) data collected from schizophrenia (SZ) individuals and healthy controls (HC). The predictive ability of FNC at multiple spatial scales …