Digital Commons Network^™

Actg 675.V60: Contemporary Accounting Problems, Alexa D. Rauser

University of Montana Course Syllabi, 2021-2025

No abstract provided.

Actg 605.V60: Administrative Accounting Controls, Edward J. Guay

University of Montana Course Syllabi, 2021-2025

No abstract provided.

A Qualitative Descriptive Study On Re-Assessing The Mental Certification By Faa For Future Pilots, Kaung Z. Min

Student Works

Mental illness becomes one of the main problems that most pilots do not usually address. It is not because pilots do not have the courage or are open enough to talk with someone, but because the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) forces them to hide from mental depression. Most of the time, the pilots are not willing to declare such illnesses as they fear losing their job; simultaneously, the Federal Aviation Agencies across the world require pilots to be in peat health, including their mental condition, to operate the aircraft. While it can be said that the passengers’ and crews’ safety …

2022 Lab Results Annual, Pioneer Technical Services, Inc.

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Rotor-Airframe Interaction On The Aeromechanics And Wake Of A Quadcopter In Forward Flight, Denis-Gabriel Caprace, Andrew Ning, Philippe Chatelain, Grégoire Winckelmans

Faculty Publications

From small drones to large Urban Air Mobility vehicles, the market of vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft is currently booming. Modern VTOL designs feature a variety of configurations involving rotors, lifting surfaces and bluff bodies. The resulting aerodynamics are highly impacted by the interactions between those components and their wakes. This has consequences on the aircraft performance and on the downstream wake. Studying the effects of those interactions through CFD can inform the development of cheaper numerical models. In this work, we focus on the interaction between rotors and bluff bodies based on the example of a generic quadcopter …

Lower Fetal Fraction In Clinical Cell-Free Dna (Cfdna) Screening Results Is Associated With Increased Risk Of Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy, Deeksha Madala, Mohamad Ali Maktabi, Riwa Sabbagh, Hadi Erfani, Andrea Moon, Ignatia B Van Den Veyver

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if fetal fraction (FF) reported on cell-free DNA (cfDNA) screening is a marker for adverse obstetric outcomes.

METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records from a cohort of women with singleton pregnancies who had cfDNA screening. We evaluated if reported FF could predict the following pregnancy complications: hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), fetal growth restriction, preterm delivery, gestational diabetes mellitus, or a composite maternal morbidity, defined as the presence of at least one of these outcomes.

RESULTS: Receiver operating curve analysis was performed on FF from 534 women to define the FF that differentiated a low FF group …

Will Anti-Vaccine Activism In The Usa Reverse Global Goals?, Peter J Hotez

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

In the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, anti-vaccine activism in the USA accelerated, amplified and formed an alliance with political groups and even extremists. An organized, well-funded and empowered anti-science movement now threatens to spill over and threaten all childhood immunizations in the USA and globally.

Metagenomes Of Rectal Swabs In Larger, Advanced Stage Cervical Cancers Have Enhanced Mucus Degrading Functionalities And Distinct Taxonomic Structure, Tatiana V Karpinets, Xiaogang Wu, Travis Solley, Molly B El Alam, Travis T Sims, Kyoko Yoshida-Court, Erica Lynn, Mustapha Ahmed-Kaddar, Greyson Biegert, Jingyan Yue, Xingzhi Song, Huandong Sun, Joseph F Petrosino, Melissa P Mezzari, Pablo Okhuysen, Patricia J Eifel, Anuja Jhingran, Lilie L Lin, Kathleen M Schmeler, Lois Ramondetta, Nadim Ajami, Robert R Jenq, Andrew Futreal, Jianhua Zhang, Ann H Klopp, Lauren E Colbert

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Gut microbiome community composition differs between cervical cancer (CC) patients and healthy controls, and increased gut diversity is associated with improved outcomes after treatment. We proposed that functions of specific microbial species adjoining the mucus layer may directly impact the biology of CC.

METHOD: Metagenomes of rectal swabs in 41 CC patients were examined by whole-genome shotgun sequencing to link taxonomic structures, molecular functions, and metabolic pathway to patient's clinical characteristics.

RESULTS: Significant association of molecular functions encoded by the metagenomes was found with initial tumor size and stage. Profiling of the molecular function abundances and their distributions identified …

Change During Cognitive And Exposure Phases Of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy For Autistic Youth With Anxiety Disorders, Andrew G Guzick, Sophie C Schneider, Philip C Kendall, Jeffrey J Wood, Connor M Kerns, Brent J Small, Ye Eun Park, Sandra L Cepeda, Eric A Storch

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Objective: To evaluate improvement during the (a) cognitive and (b) exposure therapy phases of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for autistic youth with anxiety disorders.

Method: Participants were 148 autistic youth (aged 7-13; 77% male; 64% White) with clinically significant anxiety who were randomized to standard or adapted CBT. Clinician-rated anxiety severity was recorded at each appointment. Trajectories of change during (a) the cognitive phase and (b) the exposure phase of treatment were analyzed using piecewise multilevel modeling.

Results: Compared to the psychoeducation and cognitive therapy phases, the exposure phase corresponded with significantly more rapid symptom reduction, b = -.11, 95% CI …

High Prevalence Of Osteopathy In Chronic Pancreatitis: A Cross-Sectional Analysis From The Proceed Study, Phil A Hart, Dhiraj Yadav, Liang Li, Savi Appana, William Fisher, Evan Fogel, Chris E Forsmark, Walter G Park, Stephen Pandol, Mark D Topazian, Stephen K Van Den Eden, Santhi Swaroop Vege, David Bradley, Jose Serrano, Darwin L Conwell

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Background & aims: Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is associated with osteopathy (osteoporosis or osteopenia). However, existing literature is mostly limited to retrospective or administrative studies that have not clearly defined the prevalence and risk factors. Our aim was to identify patient- and disease-related associations with osteopathy in a prospective cohort study of CP.

Methods: We studied 282 subjects with definitive CP enrolled in the PROCEED study who had a baseline dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan. Osteopenia and osteoporosis were defined using the lowest T-scores. Clinical data were collected using standardized case report forms. Comparisons were performed with a multivariate logistic regression …

Reference Ranges For Corpus Callosum And Cavum Septi Pellucidi Biometry On Prenatal Ultrasound: Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Joshua I Rosenbloom, Lauren H Yaeger, Shay Porat

2020-Current year OA Pubs

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published nomograms for fetal corpus callosum and cavum septi pellucid biometry. A structured literature search was conducted to identify studies that reported normal measurements of the fetal corpus callosum and cavum septi pellucidi. Random effects metaanalysis was used to calculate normal ranges, and reference curves are provided. The quality assessment demonstrated that there was generally poor reporting regarding maternal characteristics and neonatal outcomes. Our findings emphasize that standardization of research protocols and publishing criteria for normal biometric ranges is needed.

Li-Ion Electrode Microstructure Evolution During Drying And Calendering, Mojdeh Nikpour, Baichuan Liu, Paul Minson, Zachary Hillman, Brian A. Mazzeo, Dean R. Wheeler

Faculty Publications

The drying process of electrodes might seem to be a simple operation, but it has profound effects on the microstructure. Some unexpected changes can happen depending on the drying conditions. In prior work, we developed the multiphase-smoothed-particle (MPSP) model, which predicted a relative increase in the carbon additive and binder adjacent to the current collector during drying. This motivated us to undertake the present experimental investigation of the relationship between the drying rate and microstructure and transport properties for a typical anode and cathode. Specifically, the drying rate was controlled by means of temperature for both an NMC532 cathode and …

Cataract, Abnormal Electroretinogram And Visual Evoked Potentials In A Child With Sma-Led2 - Extending The Phenotype, Agata Oliwa, Shuko Joseph, Eoghan Millar, Iain Horrocks, Dawn Penman, Julia Baptista, Thomas Cullup, Panayiotis Constantinou, Anne Marie Heuchan, Ruth Hamilton, Cheryl Longman

Peninsula Medical School

This case report describes a girl who presented antenatal arthrogryposis and postnatal hypotonia, generalized and respiratory weakness, joint deformities particularly affecting the lower limbs and poor swallow. By 5 months, cataracts, abnormal electroretinograms, visual evoked potentials and global developmental impairments were recognized. No causative variants were identified on targeted gene panels. After her unexpected death at 11 months, gene-agnostic trio whole exome sequencing revealed a likely pathogenic de novo BICD2 missense variant, NM_001003800.1, c.593T>C, p.(Leu198Pro), confirming the diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy lower extremity predominant type 2 (SMA-LED2). We propose that cataracts and abnormal electroretinograms are novel features of …

Updated Diagnostic Criteria And Nomenclature For Neurofibromatosis Type 2 And Schwannomatosis: An International Consensus Recommendation, Scott R. Plotkin, Ludwine Messiaen, Eric Legius, Patrice Pancza, Robert A. Avery, Jaishri O. Blakeley, Dusica Babovic-Vuksanovic, Rosalie Ferner, Michael J. Fisher, Jan M. Friedman, Marco Giovannini, David H. Gutmann, Clemens Oliver Hanemann, Michel Kalamarides, Hildegard Kehrer-Sawatzki, Bruce R. Korf, Victor Felix Mautner, Mia Maccollin, Laura Papi, Katherine A. Rauen, Vincent Riccardi, Elizabeth Schorry, Miriam J. Smith, Anat Stemmer-Rachamimov, David A. Stevenson, Nicole J. Ullrich, David Viskochil, Katharina Wimmer, Kaleb Yohay, Sm Huson, P Wolkenstein, Dg Evans, Monique Anten, Arthur Aylsworth, Diana Baralle, Sebastien Barbarot, Fred Barker, Shay Ben-Shachar, Amanda Bergner, Didier Bessis, Ignacio Blanco, Catherine Cassiman, Patricia Ciavarelli, Maurizio Clementi, Thierry Frébourg, Alicia Gomes, Dorothy Halliday, Hanson Arvid Heiberg Ch Helen, Pascal Joly, Justin T. Jordan, Matthias Karajannis, Daniela Kroshinsky, Margarita Larralde, C Lázaro, L Le, M Link, R Listernick, C Mallucci, Vl Merker, C Moertel, A Mueller, J Ngeow, R Oostenbrink, R Packer, A Parry, J Peltonen, D Pichard, B Poppe, N Rezende, Lo Rodrigues, T Rosser, M Ruggieri, E Serra, V Steinke-Lange, Sm Stivaros, A Taylor, J Toelen, J Tonsgard, E Trevisson, M Upadhyaya, A Varan, M Wilson, H Wu, G Zadeh

Peninsula Medical School

No abstract provided.

Real-World Evidence Of Axicabtagene Ciloleucel For The Treatment Of Large B Cell Lymphoma In The United States, Caron A Jacobson, Armin Ghobadi, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) is a standard-of-care for patients with relapsed or refractory (r/r) large B cell lymphoma who have received 2 or more lines of prior therapy. Patients receiving axi-cel in the real world could have broader a demographic, disease, and treatment profile compared with that of the cohort in the pivotal ZUMA-1 trial. The present study was conducted to evaluate the outcomes of axi-cel therapy in the real-world setting. A total of 1297 patients receiving commercial axi-cel between 2017 and 2020 were selected from the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research's data registry, of whom 739 (57%) …

A Systematic Review Of Recent And Ongoing Clinical Trials In Patients With The Neurofibromatoses, Simge Acar, Edwin Nieblas-Bedolla, Amy E Armstrong, Angela C Hirbe

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: The neurofibromatoses comprise three different genetic conditions causing considerable morbidity and mortality: neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), and schwannomatosis (SWN). This review summarizes recent and ongoing clinical trials involving patients with neurofibromatoses to better understand the current state of clinical trial research centered around these conditions and inform areas of need.

METHODS: A search was conducted using the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and clinicaltrials.gov databases. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were designed to identify clinical trials focused on patients with NF1, NF2, or SWN completed in or after 2010 and in process as of December …

Exposure To World Health Organization's Aware Antibiotics And Isolation Of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Giorgia Sulis, Sena Sayood, Shashi Katukoori, Neha Bollam, Ige George, Lauren H. Yaeger, Miguel A. Chavez, Emmanuel Tetteh, Sindhu Yarrabelli, Celine Pulcini, Stephan Harbarth, Dominik Mertz, Mike Sharland, Lorenzo Moja, Benedikt Huttner, Sumanth Gandra

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Antibiotic use drives antibiotic resistance.

OBJECTIVES: To systematically review the literature and estimate associations between prior exposure to antibiotics across World Health Organization's (WHO) AWaRe categories (Access, Watch, Reserve) and isolation of critical and high-priority multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs) on the WHO priority pathogen list.

DATA SOURCES: Embase, Ovid Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov (from inception to 20/08/2020).

STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Case-control, cohort, or experimental studies that assessed the risk of infection/colonization with MDROs.

PARTICIPANTS: Inpatients or outpatients of any age and sex.

INTERVENTIONS: Prior exposure to antibiotics that …

Trends In Matriculation From Neurological Surgery Training Programs Into Academic Versus Private Practice, Neha Siddiqui, Vamsi P. Reddy, James L. Rogers, Donald K. E. Detchou, Imaima Casubhoy, Rhea Gopali, Subhang Bhalla, Mika Janbahan, Emily Morris, Meghna Priyanka Peesapati, Nitin Agarwal

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: A career in academic neurosurgery is an arduous endeavor. Specific factors influencing physician practice preferences remain unclear. This study analyzes data from the American Association of Neurological Surgeons membership identifying the impact of several demographic and educational characteristics influencing neurosurgical career choices centered on academia, private practice, or a combination in the United States.

METHODS: A list of all current neurosurgeons was obtained from the American Association of Neurological Surgeons membership, and information on physician characteristics was collected via internet searches and institutional databases. The practice type of all neurosurgeons considered in this study were categorized as follows: private …

Minimal Change Prion Retinopathy: Morphometric Comparison Of Retinal And Brain Prion Deposits In Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, Vanessa S Goodwill, Ian Dryden, Jihee Choi, Chiara De Lillo, Katrin Soldau, Jorge Llibre-Guerra, Henry Sanchez, Christina J Sigurdson, Jonathan H Lin

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) is the most commonly diagnosed human prion disease caused by the abnormal misfolding of the 'cellular' prion protein (PrP

Rapidplan Hippocampal Sparing Whole Brain Model Version 2-How Far Can We Reduce The Dose?, Hefei Liu, Ryan Clark, Anthony Magliari, Robert Foster, Francisco Reynoso, Matthew Schmidt, Vinai Gondi, Christopher Abraham, Heather Curry, Patrick Kupelian, Deepak Khuntia, Sushil Beriwal

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Whole-brain radiotherapy has been the standard palliative treatment for patients with brain metastases due to its effectiveness, availability, and ease of administration. Recent clinical trials have shown that limiting radiation dose to the hippocampus is associated with decreased cognitive toxicity. In this study, we updated an existing Knowledge Based Planning model to further reduce dose to the hippocampus and improve other dosimetric plan quality characteristics. Forty-two clinical cases were contoured according to guidelines. A new dosimetric scorecard was created as an objective measure for plan quality. The new Hippocampal Sparing Whole Brain Version 2 (HSWBv2) model adopted a complex recursive …

Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Neuroimaging Measures Characteristic Of Early Cart-Treated Pediatric Hiv: A Feature Selection Approach, Isaac L Khobo, Marcin Jankiewicz, Martha J Holmes, Francesca Little, Mark F Cotton, Barbara Laughton, Andre J W Van Der Kouwe, Allison Moreau, Emmanuel Nwosu, Ernesta M Meintjes, Frances C Robertson

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Children with perinatally acquired HIV (CPHIV) have poor cognitive outcomes despite early combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). While CPHIV-related brain alterations can be investigated separately using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (

Big Three Power, And Why It Matters, Lucian Bebchuk, Scott Hirst

Faculty Scholarship

This Article focuses on the power and corporate governance significance of the three largest index fund managers commonly referred to collectively as the “Big Three.” We present current evidence on the substantial voting power of the Big Three and explain why it is likely to persist and, indeed, further grow. We show that, due to their voting power, the Big Three have considerable influence on corporate outcomes through both what they do and what they fail to do. We also discuss the Big Three’s undesirable incentives both to underinvest in stewardship and to be excessively deferential to corporate managers.

In …

Stick Built Vs. Precut Wall Framing For New Home Construction: A Comparison Of Framing Labor Hours, Waste Hauls, And Purchase Orders, Eric A. Holt, Mark Laliberte, Tristan Grant, Jordan Dentz

The Professional Constructor

Due to many trends in the construction industry (material cost increase, labor shortages, supply chain issues, pandemic, market demand outpacing supply), the homebuilding industry is looking for alternative ways to frame homes. In response to the National Housing Endowment (NHE) Request for Proposal, the researchers reviewed the literature on the housing market’s current state regarding the scale and scope of the skilled construction framers shortage and the current market share of single-family framing method; stick-built vs. precut framing packages. Working with industry partners, the team analyzed time studies for multiple new home builds. It was found that precut wall framing …

First-In-Human Phase I/Ii Iconic Trial Of The Icos Agonist Vopratelimab Alone And With Nivolumab: Icos-High Cd4 T-Cell Populations And Predictors Of Response, Timothy A Yap, Russell K Pachynski, Haeseong Park, Et Al

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: The first-in-human phase I/II ICONIC trial evaluated an investigational inducible costimulator (ICOS) agonist, vopratelimab, alone and in combination with nivolumab in patients with advanced solid tumors.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: In phase I, patients were treated with escalating doses of intravenous vopratelimab alone or with nivolumab. Primary objectives were safety, tolerability, MTD, and recommended phase II dose (RP2D). Phase II enriched for ICOS-positive (ICOS+) tumors; patients were treated with vopratelimab at the monotherapy RP2D alone or with nivolumab. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and predictive biomarkers of response to vopratelimab were assessed.

RESULTS: ICONIC enrolled 201 patients. Vopratelimab alone and with nivolumab was …

Real-Time Analysis And Display Of Quantitative Measures To Track And Improve Clinical Workflow, Reshma Munbodh, Toni M Roth, Kara L Leonard, Robert C Court, Utkarsh Shukla, Sarah Andrea, Marissa Gray, Gregg Leichtman, Eric E Klein

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: Radiotherapy treatment planning is a complex process with multiple, dependent steps involving an interdisciplinary patient care team. Effective communication and real-time tracking of resources and care path activities are key for clinical efficiency and patient safety.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We designed and implemented a secure, interactive web-based dashboard for patient care path, clinical workflow, and resource utilization management. The dashboard enables visualization of resource utilization and tracks progress in a patient's care path from the time of acquisition of the planning CT to the time of treatment in real-time. It integrates with the departmental electronic medical records (EMR) system …

Does Social Intolerance Vary According To Cognitive Styles, Genetic Cognitive Capacity, Or Education?, Aino Saarinen, Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen, Henrik Dobewall, C Robert Cloninger, Ari Ahola-Olli, Terho Lehtimäki, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Olli Raitakari, Suvi Rovio, Niklas Ravaja

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Low education, low cognitive abilities, and certain cognitive styles are suggested to predispose to social intolerance and prejudices. Evidence is, however, restricted by comparatively small samples, neglect of confounding variables and genetic factors, and a narrow focus on a single sort of prejudice. We investigated the relationships of education, polygenic cognitive potential, cognitive performance, and cognitive styles with social intolerance in adulthood over a 15-year follow-up.

METHODS: We used data from the prospective population-based Young Finns Study (n = 960-1679). Social intolerance was evaluated with the Social Intolerance Scale in 1997, 2001, and 2011; cognitive performance with the Cambridge …

Exposure Contrasts Of Pregnant Women During The Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Randomized Controlled Trial, Michael Johnson, Lindsay J Underhill, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Exposure to

OBJECTIVES: This paper reports exposure reductions achieved by a liquified petroleum gas (LPG) stove and fuel intervention for pregnant mothers in the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) randomized controlled trial.

METHODS: The HAPIN trial included 3,195 households primarily using biomass for cooking in Guatemala, India, Peru, and Rwanda. Twenty-four-hour exposures to

RESULTS: Median postrandomization exposures of particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter

DISCUSSION: Postintervention

Remote Symptom Monitoring Of Patients With Cancer Undergoing Radiation Therapy, Ryan Wahidi, Rachel Mintz, Temitope Agabalogun, Lindsey Mayer, Shahed Badiyan, Matthew B. Spraker

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The goal of the study was to develop and test an automated short message service (SMS) and web service platform using CareSignal for remote symptom monitoring in a diverse population of patients with cancer. Twenty-eight patients with cancer undergoing radiotherapy were recruited at the start of their treatment regimen. Patients received a weekly SMS symptom survey to assess the severity of the side effects they experienced from treatment. An assessment of patient perceptions of the system in terms of patient-provider communication, feasibility, and overall satisfaction was conducted, finding overall good compliance in a sick patient population and patient willingness to …

Measuring Transcription Factor Binding And Gene Expression Using Barcoded Self-Reporting Transposon Calling Cards And Transcriptomes, Matthew Lalli, Allen Yen, Urvashi Thopte, Fengping Dong, Arnav Moudgil, Xuhua Chen, Jeffrey Milbrandt, Joseph D Dougherty, Robi D Mitra

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Calling cards technology using self-reporting transposons enables the identification of DNA-protein interactions through RNA sequencing. Although immensely powerful, current implementations of calling cards in bulk experiments on populations of cells are technically cumbersome and require many replicates to identify independent insertions into the same genomic locus. Here, we have drastically reduced the cost and labor requirements of calling card experiments in bulk populations of cells by introducing a DNA barcode into the calling card itself. An additional barcode incorporated during reverse transcription enables simultaneous transcriptome measurement in a facile and affordable protocol. We demonstrate that barcoded self-reporting transposons recover

Pregnancy Outcomes Related To The Treatment Of Sarcomas With Anthracyclines And/Or Ifosfamide During Pregnancy, Devon Miller, John A Livingston, Yeonhee Park, Kristi Posey, Sonia Godbole, Keith Skubitz, Steven I Robinson, Mark Agulnik, Lara E Davis, Brian A Van Tine, Angela C Hirbe, Amanda Parkes

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Sarcomas are rare diagnoses but are seen with relative frequency in adolescents and young adults and thus can present in pregnancy. We sought to study the administration of anthracyclines and/or ifosfamide in pregnancy-associated sarcomas.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a multi-institutional retrospective study, identifying sarcoma patients who received anthracyclines and/or ifosfamide during pregnancy. Chart review identified variables related to demographics, cancer diagnosis, therapies, and outcome of the patient and fetus. Wilcoxon rank-sum test compared two independent samples.

RESULTS: We identified 13 patients at seven institutions with sarcoma who received anthracyclines and/or ifosfamide during pregnancy, including four bone sarcomas and …