Digital Commons Network^™

Research On Strategic Transformation Of Consumer Goods Standardization For The New Development Stage, Shengnan Ma, Xuhua Wang, Ximin Sun, Yanbing Du, Ling Yan, Yi Sun

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Small products and large integration of consumer goods is a tangible carrier reflecting a country's innovation capacity, manufacturing capacity and international competitiveness, and a physical embodiment of meeting people's needs for a better life. The marketization of China's consumer goods industry developed early and has played a leading role in stimulating the domestic cycle and promoting the international cycle for a long time. The standardization of consumer goods and industrial practice have been coordinating with each other and making mutual adaptations from the beginning, and have gone through the stages from scratch, to fast development and to sound development. This …

Trends, Practices And Policy Suggestions Of Innovation-Driven Digital Transformation Of Social Services, Rongping Mu, Jie Lin, Kangwei Chi, Ting Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly pointed out that 'the principal contradiction in Chinese society has evolved into one between unbalanced and inadequate development and the people's ever-growing needs for a better life'. In order to solve this contradiction, it is urgent to grasp the strategic opportunity of innovation-driven digital transformation to promote the high-quality development of social services. The article has studied and judged the trends of innovation-driven digital transformation of social services such as government services, education services, medical and health services, elderly care services, employment services and public security …

Building An Innovative Nation In China Calls For Strengthening Of Basic Research In China’S Enterprises: Findings From Innovation Mapping Of Enterprises In Major Global Economies, Min Li, Xian-En Zhang, Yun Liu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

It is known that the innovation capacity of enterprises is an important indication for an innovation economy and basic research is the source of science and technology innovation. Basic research is of course mainly carried out by universities and public research institutions, so what role should China's enterprises play in basic research has been a long-running debate. Here in this article, we first discussed the connotation of basic research and clarified the importance of applied basic research to enterprises. We then compared the innovation performance of enterprises in world's major economies in terms of their R&D investment, scientific output including …

Discussion On Approaches To Improving Soybean Supply Capacity In China, Feng Feng, Zhinan Zhang, Yongzhe Gu, Junpeng He, Zhixi Tian

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Soybean is one of the most important crops for food and oil. The soybean demand has been increased in recent years in China. Since China has limited soybean production capacity, it has been importing increasing amount of soybean from abroad. It is a critical topic for China to develop the soybean production and expand the import channels to ensure food security. Based on the soybean demand-supply situation from 2011 to 2020, this paper discussed the problems including severely insufficient domestic production and supply, high level of reliance on international supply, and limited import channels. It put forward suggestions on approaches …

Ethics And Governance Of General Models: Challenges And Countermeasures, Yan Teng, Guoyu Wang, Yingchun Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

In recent years, the general model is one of the most important development trends of artificial intelligence. With the rapidly increasing research and deployment of general models, the social and ethical effects of general models have received extensive attention. Grounded in the characteristics of general models, this article analyzes the potential ethical challenges of the models at three levels:algorithm, data, and computing power. The detailed challenges include uncertainty, truthfulness, reliability, bias, toxicity, fairness, privacy, and environmental issues. Also, through the lens of philosophy of technology, it elaborates the important reasons for the ethical challenges:the "mirroring" effect and transparency problem caused …

How To Attract, Recruit And Retain Talents?—Experience And Inspiration From National Research Institutes Worldwide, Tianyu Li, Ke Wen, Haigang Huang, Dingyi You

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Using the competitive advantages of major scientific plans and strategic innovation platforms to attract, recruit and motivate a large number of high-level scientific and technological talents is the basic experience of the world talent center and innovation highland construction. The research takes the national scientific research institutions of the United States, Germany, France, and Japan as examples, and focuses on analyzing their role in the accumulation, circulation, and motivation of global talents. The research suggests that China's national scientific research institutions should increase the ability to attract and gather international talents, optimize the talent structure that balances stability and mobility, …

Exploring Selection And Cultivation Of China’S Top Innovative Talents: Multi-Case Evidence-Based Research On Educational Practice, Yonghe Zheng, Xuanyang Yang, Yong Xie, Jingying Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The cultivation of top innovative talents has been widely concerned. China has carried out many useful practices in this field, especially at the higher education level, which has formed various distinctive talent cultivation models. This study summarizes and analyzes the experience of selecting and cultivating talents in the Special Class for the Gifted Young at the University of Science and Technology of China, the juvenile class of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yuanpei College of Peking University, Tsien Excellence in Education Program of Tsinghua University, and Xinstitute of Shenzhen. It concludes that the cultivation of top innovative talents in China emphasizes characteristics …

International Strategy Of Man And The Biosphere Programme Of Germany And Its Implications To China, Yijie Xian, Yan Zhuang, Qunli Han, Ding Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Since mid-1990s, Germany has developed the UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB) together with its biosphere reserves into a pathway of enhancing the nation's role in global governance. Measures took by Germany include:clarifying the national position in the globalization of German MAB, including putting more emphasis on partnership development, highlighting the effectiveness of development assistance, and ensuring the clearance and feasibility of action plan; collecting resources from foreign affairs, finance, intellectual, technology, etc., by multi-federal sector collaborative mechanism, to support the development of biosphere reserves of other countries; thinking globally and taking priority over Africa region. The example indicated …

Theoretical Thinking Of Artificial Ecosystem For Modern Marine Ranching, Dewen Ding, Anning Suo

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Based on the systematic review of the conceptual evolution process of marine ranching and its development of practice, this paper pointed out the problems existing in the construction of marine ranching in China, such as lack of theoretical support, lack of ecological engineering technologies, and lack of ecological management. It then proposed the concept of marine ranching artificial ecosystem. In addition, the paper analyzed the structural principle of marine ranching artificial ecosystem from the viewpoint of cultivating key functional communities and habitat construction for the marine ranch fishery resources. Finally, the paper discussed the theoretical framework of the modern marine …

Think Tank Science And Engineering: Construction Of New High-End Think Tank Starts From Specialization And Scientifization To Disciplinization—Interview With Professor Pan Jiaofeng, Editorial Office Bulletin Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

Global Technology Of Ocean Carbon Sequestration Based On Patent Analysis, Tianyue Peng, Dehao Tang, Liqiang Liu, Bing Han, Benduo Zhu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The ocean is the largest and most active carbon reservoir in the world. Through ocean-atmosphere exchange and the photosynthesis of marine plants, the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) by the ocean is much greater than that by soil and vegetation on terrestrial areas. This is essential to mitigate and ameliorate today's global warming which is caused by rising atmospheric CO2 concentration. Therefore, to achieve the goal of "carbon neutrality" around the country, it is an effective approach to sequester CO2 in the ocean. This paper summarizes the technical application scope and methods of ocean carbon sequestration. By analyzing correlative patents …

Policy Overview (July—August, 2022)

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

2022 Issue 9 Content

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

Cover 2

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy Reduces Patient-Reported Chronic Toxicity Compared With Conventional Pelvic Radiation Therapy: Updated Results Of A Phase Iii Trial, Anamaria R Yeung, Snehal Deshmukh, Ann H Klopp, Karen M Gil, Lari Wenzel, Shannon N Westin, Andre A Konski, David K Gaffney, William Small, J Spencer Thompson, Desiree E Doncals, Guilherme H C Cantuaria, David P D'Souza, Amy Chang, Vijayananda Kundapur, Dasarahally S Mohan, Michael L Haas, Yong Bae Kim, Catherine L Ferguson, Stephanie L Pugh, Lisa A Kachnic, Deborah W Bruner

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Clinical trials frequently include multiple end points that mature at different times. The initial report, typically based on the primary end point, may be published when key planned coprimary or secondary analyses are not yet available.

Clinical Trial Updates provide an opportunity to disseminate additional results from studies, published in JCO or elsewhere, for which the primary end point has already been reported.

The purpose of this update was to determine differences in patient-reported chronic toxicity and disease outcomes with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) compared with conventional pelvic radiation. Patients with cervical and endometrial cancers who received postoperative pelvic radiation …

Approval Letter For The Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) 2022 Residential Metals Abatement Program (Rmap) Field Sampling Plan (Fsp) – Indoor Dust – Group 1, Revision 1 (Dated September 8, 2022), Nikia Greene

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Re: Approval Letter For The Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) 2022 Residential Metals Abatement Program (Rmap) Field Sampling Plan (Fsp) – Indoor Dust – Group 5, Revision 1 (Dated September 8, 2022), Nikia Greene

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Federal National Mortgage Ass'n V. Westland Liberty Village, Llc, 138 Nev. Adv. Op. 57 (Aug 11, 2022), D'Ahna Scott

Nevada Supreme Court Summaries

Federal National Mortgage Association v. Westland Liberty Village, LLC required the Nevada Supreme Court to clarify when a lender or its assignee is entitled to the appointment of a receiver after a borrower defaults on a real property loan agreement. In doing so, the Court interpreted two Nevada Statutes, NRS 32.260 and NRS 107A.260(1)(a)(1).2 Together, these statues provide when the appointment of a receiver is based on the discretion of the court or is a matter of right. Here, The Nevada Supreme Court held that the borrower, Westland Liberty Village (Westland) defaulted on their loan agreement with National Mortgage Association …

Martel V. Hg Staffing, Llc, 138 Nev. Adv. Op. 56 (Sept. 08, 2022), Giacomo (Jack) Silvestri

Nevada Supreme Court Summaries

The Nevada Supreme Court affirmed the district court’s dismissal and judgment against claims made by a class of employees against their previous employer, HG Staffing, LLC. The Court made four major findings. First, the two-year limitations period applies to wage claims arising under NRS 608.016, NRS 608.018, NRS 680.020, and NRS 680.050. Second, a Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA) need not be signed by the parties or unexpired; mutual assent is enough to validate the agreement. Third, if claims for wages are already time barred, employees cannot try to penalize the employer under NRS 608.040. Finally, if an active CBA contains …

Re: Approval Letter For The Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) 2022 Residential Metals Abatement Program (Rmap) Field Sampling Plan (Fsp) – Indoor Dust – Group 3, Revision 1 (Dated September 8, 2022), Nikia Greene

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Rethinking Ethical Questions In Life-History Interview Research, Anne Rothe

The Qualitative Report

Having interviewed Germans who emigrated to Israel and, in most cases, converted to Judaism, I experienced a paralyzing sense of ethical conflict when I began analyzing the first order discourse my participants and I had co-constructed to transform it into the second-order discourse of research publications. So, I set out to rethink the ethics of life-history interview research. My quest into our ethical responsibilities began with rule-based deontological and consequentialist ethics and the guidelines in the social sciences they inform. It led me to reconsider such core notions as informed consent, privacy, and risk-benefit analysis. I came to realize that …

The Growth Of Firms, Markets And Rents: Evidence From China, Daniel Berkowitz, Shuichiro Nishioka

Economics Faculty Working Papers Series

Using recent methods for estimating firm-level markups and profit shares, we document that Chinese manufacturing firms collected more rents following China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). This is because the net entry of firms lagged the massive growth in the domestic market. These effects were particularly strong in domestic markets where state ownership was pervasive. While selection on large productive firms drove the rise in the aggregate markups in the United State (De Loecker et al, 2020), these competitive forces played a secondary role in Chinese manufacturing.

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Fapaac Minutes 09/20/2022, Faculty And P&A Affairs Committee

Faculty and P&A Affairs Committee

No abstract provided.

Effect Of The Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympic Games On Covid-19 Incidence In Japan: A Synthetic Control Approach, Daisuke Yoneoka, Akifumi Eguchi, Kentato Fukumoto, Takayuki Kawashima, Yuta Tanoue, Takahiro Tabuchi, Hiroaki Miyata, Cyrus Ghaznavi, Kenji Shibuya, Shuhei Nomura

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: The Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympic Games (23 July-8 August 2021) were held in the middle of Japan's fifth wave of COVID-19, when the number of cases was on the rise, and coincided with the fourth state of emergency implemented by the host city, Tokyo.

AIM: This study aimed to assess whether the hosting of the Games was associated with a change in the number of COVID-19 cases in Japan using a synthetic control method.

METHODS: A weighted average of control countries with a variety of predictors was used to estimate the counterfactual trajectory of daily COVID-19 cases per 1 …

Amino Acids, Microbiota-Related Metabolites, And The Risk Of Incident Diabetes Among Normoglycemic Chinese Adults: Findings From The 4c Study, Shuangyuan Wang, Mian Li, Hong Lin, Guixia Wang, Yu Xu, Xinjie Zhao, Chunyan Hu, Yi Zhang, Ruizhi Zheng, Ruying Hu, Lixin Shi, Rui Du, Qing Su, Jiqiu Wang, Yuhong Chen, Xuefeng Yu, Li Yan, Tiange Wang, Zhiyun Zhao, Ruixin Liu, Xiaolin Wang, Qi Li, Guijun Qin, Qin Wan, Gang Chen, Min Xu, Meng Dai, Di Zhang, Xulei Tang, Zhengnan Gao, Feixia Shen, Zuojie Luo, Yingfen Qin, Li Chen, Yanan Huo, Qiang Li, Zhen Ye, Yinfei Zhang, Chao Liu, Youmin Wang, Shengli Wu, Tao Yang, Huacong Deng, Jiajun Zhao, Shenghan Lai, Yiming Mu, Lulu Chen, Donghui Li, Guowang Xu, Guang Ning, Weiqing Wang, Yufang Bi, Jieli Lu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Although previous studies suggest that amino acids (AAs) and microbiota-related metabolites (MRMs) are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the results remain unclear among normoglycemic populations. We test 28 serum AAs and 22 MRMs in 3,414 subjects with incident diabetes and matched normoglycemic controls from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C) Study. In fully adjusted logistic regression models, per SD increment of branched-chain AAs, aromatic AAs, asparagine, alanine, glutamic acid, homoserine, 2-aminoadipic acid, histidine, methionine, and proline are positively associated with incident T2DM. In the MRM panel, serum carnitines, N-acetyltryptophan, and uric acid are positively associated with …

Overlapping And Distinct Functions Of The Paralogous Pagr Regulators Of Bacillus Anthracis, Ileana D Corsi, Theresa M Koehler

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The Bacillus anthracis pagA gene, encoding the protective antigen component of anthrax toxin, is part of a bicistronic operon on pXO1 that codes for its own repressor, PagR1. In addition to the pagAR1 operon, PagR1 regulates sap and eag, two chromosome genes encoding components of the surface layer, a mounting structure for surface proteins involved in virulence. Genomic studies have revealed a PagR1 paralog, PagR2, encoded by a gene on pXO2. The amino acid sequences of the paralogues are 71% identical and show similarity to the ArsR family of transcription regulators. We determined that the expression of either rPagR1 …

Overlapping And Distinct Functions Of The Paralogous Pagr Regulators Of Bacillus Anthracis, Ileana D Corsi, Theresa M Koehler

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The Bacillus anthracis pagA gene, encoding the protective antigen component of anthrax toxin, is part of a bicistronic operon on pXO1 that codes for its own repressor, PagR1. In addition to the pagAR1 operon, PagR1 regulates sap and eag, two chromosome genes encoding components of the surface layer, a mounting structure for surface proteins involved in virulence. Genomic studies have revealed a PagR1 paralog, PagR2, encoded by a gene on pXO2. The amino acid sequences of the paralogues are 71% identical and show similarity to the ArsR family of transcription regulators. We determined that the expression of either rPagR1 …

Kinetic Modeling Of Ionospheric Outflows Observed By The Visions-1 Sounding Rocket, Robert M. Albarran Ii

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

Plasma escape from the high-latitude ionosphere (ion outflow) serves as a significant source of heavy plasma to magnetospheric plasma sheet and ring current regions. Outflows alter mass density and reconnection rates, hence global responses of the magnetosphere. The VISIONS-1 (VISualizing Ion Outflow via Neutral atom imaging during a Substorm) sounding rocket was launched on Feb. 7, 2013 at 8:21 UTC from Poker Flat, Alaska, into an auroral substorm with the objective of identifying the drivers and dynamics of nightside ion outflow at altitudes where it is initiated, below 1000 km. Energetic ion data from the VISIONS-1 polar cap boundary crossing …

Morton-Ordered Gpu Lattice Boltzmann Cfd Simulations With Application To Blood Flow, Gerald Gallagher, Fergal J. Boyle

Conference Papers

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is routinely used for numerically predicting cardiovascular-system medical device fluid flows. Most CFD simulations ignore the suspended cellular phases of blood due to computational constraints, which negatively affects simulation accuracy. A graphics processing unit (GPU) lattice Boltzmann-immersed boundary (LB-IB) CFD software package capable of accurately modelling blood flow is in development by the authors, focusing on the behaviour of plasma and stomatocyte, discocyte and echinocyte red blood cells during flow. Optimised memory ordering and layout schemes yield significant efficiency improvements for LB GPU simulations. In this work, comparisons of row-major-ordered Structure of Arrays (SoA) and Collected …