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Evofosfamide For The Treatment Of Human Papillomavirus-Negative Head And Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Stephen Mf Jamieson, Peter Tsai, Maria K Kondratyev, Pratha Budhani, Arthur Liu, E Gabriela Chiorean, John J Nemunaitis, Dennis Kee, Avik Shome, Way W Wong, Dan Li, Nooriyah Poonawala-Lohani, Purvi M Kakadia, Nicholas S Knowlton, Courtney Rh Lynch, Cho R Hong, Tet Woo Lee, Reidar A Grénman, Laura Caporiccio, Trevor D Mckee, Mark Zaidi, Sehrish Butt, Andrew Mj Macann, Nicholas P Mcivor, John M Chaplin, Kevin O Hicks, Stefan K Bohlander, Bradly G Wouters, Charles P Hart, Cristin G Print, William R Wilson, Michael A Curran, Francis W Hunter Feb 2023

Evofosfamide For The Treatment Of Human Papillomavirus-Negative Head And Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Stephen Mf Jamieson, Peter Tsai, Maria K Kondratyev, Pratha Budhani, Arthur Liu, E Gabriela Chiorean, John J Nemunaitis, Dennis Kee, Avik Shome, Way W Wong, Dan Li, Nooriyah Poonawala-Lohani, Purvi M Kakadia, Nicholas S Knowlton, Courtney Rh Lynch, Cho R Hong, Tet Woo Lee, Reidar A Grénman, Laura Caporiccio, Trevor D Mckee, Mark Zaidi, Sehrish Butt, Andrew Mj Macann, Nicholas P Mcivor, John M Chaplin, Kevin O Hicks, Stefan K Bohlander, Bradly G Wouters, Charles P Hart, Cristin G Print, William R Wilson, Michael A Curran, Francis W Hunter

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Evofosfamide (TH-302) is a clinical-stage hypoxia-activated prodrug of a DNA-crosslinking nitrogen mustard that has potential utility for human papillomavirus (HPV) negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), in which tumor hypoxia limits treatment outcome. We report the preclinical efficacy, target engagement, preliminary predictive biomarkers and initial clinical activity of evofosfamide for HPV-negative HNSCC. Evofosfamide was assessed in 22 genomically characterized cell lines and 7 cell line–derived xenograft (CDX), patient-derived xenograft (PDX), orthotopic, and syngeneic tumor models. Biomarker analysis used RNA sequencing, whole-exome sequencing, and whole-genome CRISPR knockout screens. Five advanced/metastatic HNSCC patients received evofosfamide monotherapy (480 mg/m2 qw × …


Hyperprogression Of Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma After Anti-Pd-1 Treatment, Yumei Gao, Simeng Hu, Ruoyan Li, Shanzhao Jin, Fengjie Liu, Yingyi Li, Weiping Liu, Jifang Gong, Shuxia Yang, Ping Tu, Lin Shen, Fan Bai, Yang Wang Feb 2023

Hyperprogression Of Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma After Anti-Pd-1 Treatment, Yumei Gao, Simeng Hu, Ruoyan Li, Shanzhao Jin, Fengjie Liu, Yingyi Li, Weiping Liu, Jifang Gong, Shuxia Yang, Ping Tu, Lin Shen, Fan Bai, Yang Wang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND

Immune checkpoint blockade is an emerging treatment for T cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (T-NHL), but some patients with T-NHL have experienced hyperprogression with undetermined mechanisms upon anti–PD-1 therapy.

METHODS

Single-cell RNA-Seq, whole-genome sequencing, whole-exome sequencing, and functional assays were performed on primary malignant T cells from a patient with advanced cutaneous T cell lymphoma who experienced hyperprogression upon anti–PD-1 treatment.

RESULTS

The patient was enrolled in a clinical trial of anti–PD-1 therapy and experienced disease hyperprogression. Single-cell RNA-Seq revealed that PD-1 blockade elicited a remarkable activation and proliferation of the CD4+ malignant T cells, which showed functional PD-1 expression and …


2023-02-22 “Hogwarts Legacy” Divides Gamers: Ethics Of Supporting Problematic Creators, Camryn Mata Feb 2023

2023-02-22 “Hogwarts Legacy” Divides Gamers: Ethics Of Supporting Problematic Creators, Camryn Mata

The Spectator Online

No abstract provided.


2023-02-22 From Redhawk To City Council: Joy Hollingsworth Takes Her Next Shot, Archer Hobson Fehlhaber, Sam Bunn Feb 2023

2023-02-22 From Redhawk To City Council: Joy Hollingsworth Takes Her Next Shot, Archer Hobson Fehlhaber, Sam Bunn

The Spectator Online

No abstract provided.


2023-02-22 International Soccer Update, George Burquest Feb 2023

2023-02-22 International Soccer Update, George Burquest

The Spectator Online

No abstract provided.


2023-02-22 Knock At The Cabin: A Queer, Apocalyptic Depiction Of Love And Sacrifice [Review], Chloe Platt Feb 2023

2023-02-22 Knock At The Cabin: A Queer, Apocalyptic Depiction Of Love And Sacrifice [Review], Chloe Platt

The Spectator Online

No abstract provided.


2023-02-22 Week In Review Feb. 13 – Feb. 22, Naja Johnson Feb 2023

2023-02-22 Week In Review Feb. 13 – Feb. 22, Naja Johnson

The Spectator Online

No abstract provided.


2023-02-22 Where Gender-Critical Feminism Fails: Defining Yourself Through The Oppressor, Genny Sheara Feb 2023

2023-02-22 Where Gender-Critical Feminism Fails: Defining Yourself Through The Oppressor, Genny Sheara

The Spectator Online

No abstract provided.


2023-02-22 Ya Like Jazz?: Jazz In Seattle, Natalie Schorr Feb 2023

2023-02-22 Ya Like Jazz?: Jazz In Seattle, Natalie Schorr

The Spectator Online

No abstract provided.


Usability Evaluation Of Dashboards: A Systematic Literature Review Of Tools, Sohrab Almasi, Kambiz Bahaadinbeigy, Hossein Ahmadi, Solmaz Sohrabei, Reza Rabiei Feb 2023

Usability Evaluation Of Dashboards: A Systematic Literature Review Of Tools, Sohrab Almasi, Kambiz Bahaadinbeigy, Hossein Ahmadi, Solmaz Sohrabei, Reza Rabiei

School of Nursing and Midwifery

Introduction. In recent years, the use of dashboards in healthcare has been considered an effective approach for the visual presentation of information to support clinical and administrative decisions. Effective and efficient use of dashboards in clinical and managerial processes requires a framework for the design and development of tools based on usability principles. Objectives. The present study is aimed at investigating the existing questionnaires used for the usability evaluation framework of dashboards and at presenting more specific usability criteria for evaluating dashboards. Methods. This systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, without any time restrictions. The …


Otherhood: Tracing Childhood In Korean American Literature For Youth, Nina Hanee Jang Feb 2023

Otherhood: Tracing Childhood In Korean American Literature For Youth, Nina Hanee Jang

Theses and Dissertations

In this dissertation, I explore the ways in which childhood is represented in three Korean American narratives for youths: An Na’s the Fold, Lyla Lee I’ll Be the One, and Tae Keller’s When You Trap a Tiger to theorize the concept of Otherhood, that is, a childhood in which the experience of being Othered is fundamental to a young person’s evolving identity formation and sense of power. I analyze how one’s identity makes a profound impact on their process of growth while their ontological awareness, sense of community, and heritage contribute to their empowerment as an Other. Following this analysis, …


Patient Online Record Access In English Primary Care: Qualitative Survey Study Of General Practitioners’ Views, Charlotte Blease, John Torous, Zhiyong Dong, Gail Davidge, Catherine Desroches, Anna Kharko, Andrew Turner, Ray Jones, Maria Hägglund, Brian Mcmillan Feb 2023

Patient Online Record Access In English Primary Care: Qualitative Survey Study Of General Practitioners’ Views, Charlotte Blease, John Torous, Zhiyong Dong, Gail Davidge, Catherine Desroches, Anna Kharko, Andrew Turner, Ray Jones, Maria Hägglund, Brian Mcmillan

School of Psychology

Background:In 2022, NHS England announced plans to ensure that all adult primary care patients in England would have full online access to new data added to their general practitioner (GP) record. However, this plan has not yet been fully implemented. Since April 2020, the GP contract in England has already committed to offering patients full online record access on a prospective basis and on request. However, there has been limited research into UK GPs’ experiences and opinions about this practice innovation.Objective:This study aimed to explore the experiences and opinions of GPs in England about patients’ access to their full web-based …


Winonan, Winona State University Feb 2023

Winonan, Winona State University

The Winonan - 2020s

This issue of the Winonan was published on February 22, 2023.


Symptoms Of Depression And Anxiety And Subsequent Use Of Nicotine And Thc In Electronic Cigarettes, Stephanie Clendennen, Jacob Smith, Aslesha Sumbe, Baojiang Chen, Anna Wilkinson Feb 2023

Symptoms Of Depression And Anxiety And Subsequent Use Of Nicotine And Thc In Electronic Cigarettes, Stephanie Clendennen, Jacob Smith, Aslesha Sumbe, Baojiang Chen, Anna Wilkinson

School of Medicine Publications

Background: This study examines whether symptoms of depression, anxiety, or comorbid depression and anxiety are associated with future use of nicotine or THC in e-cigarettes.

Methods: Data were from an online survey of youth and young adults in urban areas of Texas with complete data (n = 2,307) in spring 2019 (baseline) and spring 2020 (12-month follow-up). Multivariable logistic regression models examined associations between self-reported symptoms of depression, anxiety, or comorbid depression and anxiety at baseline and past 30-day e-cigarette use with nicotine or THC at 12-month follow-up. Analyses adjusted for baseline demographics and baseline past 30-day e-cigarette, combustible tobacco, …


Galaxy Next Gen. V. Elhert, Order On Counterclaim Defendants' Motion To Dismiss, Kelly Lee Ellerbe Feb 2023

Galaxy Next Gen. V. Elhert, Order On Counterclaim Defendants' Motion To Dismiss, Kelly Lee Ellerbe

Superior Court of Fulton County: Metro Atlanta Business Case Division Opinions

No abstract provided.


Saving Special Places 2023 Virtual Sessions Registration, Amanda Stone Feb 2023

Saving Special Places 2023 Virtual Sessions Registration, Amanda Stone

UNH Cooperative Extension

No abstract provided.


Maternal And Infant Outcomes Of Syrian And Palestinian Refugees, Lebanese And Migrant Women Giving Birth In A Tertiary Public Hospital In Lebanon: A Secondary Analysis Of An Obstetric Database, Stephen J. Mccall, Tanya C. El Khoury, Hala Ghattas Ph.D., Shady Elbassuoni, Mhd Hussein Murtada, Zeina Jamaluddine, Christine Haddad, Aya Hussein, Amina Krounbi, Jocelyn Dejong, Janoub Khazaal, Rabih Chahine Feb 2023

Maternal And Infant Outcomes Of Syrian And Palestinian Refugees, Lebanese And Migrant Women Giving Birth In A Tertiary Public Hospital In Lebanon: A Secondary Analysis Of An Obstetric Database, Stephen J. Mccall, Tanya C. El Khoury, Hala Ghattas Ph.D., Shady Elbassuoni, Mhd Hussein Murtada, Zeina Jamaluddine, Christine Haddad, Aya Hussein, Amina Krounbi, Jocelyn Dejong, Janoub Khazaal, Rabih Chahine

Faculty Publications

Objectives This study aims to assess whether the characteristics, management and outcomes of women varied between Syrian and Palestinian refugees, migrant women of other nationalities and Lebanese women giving birth at a public tertiary centre in Beirut, Lebanon.

Methods This was a secondary data analysis of routinely collected data from the public Rafik Hariri University Hospital (RHUH) between January 2011 and July 2018. Data were extracted from medical notes using text mining machine learning methods. Nationality was categorised into Lebanese, Syrian, Palestinian and migrant women of other nationalities. The main outcomes were diabetes, pre-eclampsia, placenta accreta spectrum, hysterectomy, uterine rupture, …


Alternative Splicing Mediates The Compensatory Upregulation Of Mbnl2 Upon Mbnl1 Loss-Of-Function, Lathan Lucas, Thomas A Cooper Feb 2023

Alternative Splicing Mediates The Compensatory Upregulation Of Mbnl2 Upon Mbnl1 Loss-Of-Function, Lathan Lucas, Thomas A Cooper

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Loss of gene function can be compensated by paralogs with redundant functions. An example of such compensation are the paralogs of the Muscleblind-Like (MBNL) family of RNA-binding proteins that are sequestered and lose their function in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (DM1). Loss of MBNL1 increases the levels of its paralog MBNL2 in tissues where Mbnl2 expression is low, allowing MBNL2 to functionally compensate for MBNL1 loss. Here, we show that loss of MBNL1 increases the inclusion of Mbnl2 exon 6 and exon 9. We find that inclusion of Mbnl2 exon 6 increases the translocation of MBNL2 to the nucleus, while …


Plant (Di)Terpenoid Evolution: From Pigments To Hormones And Beyond, Zhibiao Wang, David R Nelson, Juan Zhang, Xiangyuan Wan, Reuben J Peters Feb 2023

Plant (Di)Terpenoid Evolution: From Pigments To Hormones And Beyond, Zhibiao Wang, David R Nelson, Juan Zhang, Xiangyuan Wan, Reuben J Peters

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Covering: up to 2014–2022.

Diterpenoid biosynthesis in plants builds on the necessary production of (E,E,E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) for photosynthetic pigment production, with diterpenoid biosynthesis arising very early in land plant evolution, enabling stockpiling of the extensive arsenal of (di)terpenoid natural products currently observed in this kingdom. This review will build upon that previously published in the Annual Review of Plant Biology, with a stronger focus on enzyme structure–function relationships, as well as additional insights into the evolution of (di)terpenoid metabolism since generated.


Uncovering The Complex Genetic Architecture Of Human Plasma Lipidome Using Machine Learning Methods, Miikael Lehtimäki, Binisha H Mishra, Coral Del-Val, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen, Mika Kähönen, C Robert Cloninger, Olli T Raitakari, Reijo Laaksonen, Igor Zwir, Terho Lehtimäki, Pashupati P Mishra Feb 2023

Uncovering The Complex Genetic Architecture Of Human Plasma Lipidome Using Machine Learning Methods, Miikael Lehtimäki, Binisha H Mishra, Coral Del-Val, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen, Mika Kähönen, C Robert Cloninger, Olli T Raitakari, Reijo Laaksonen, Igor Zwir, Terho Lehtimäki, Pashupati P Mishra

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Genetic architecture of plasma lipidome provides insights into regulation of lipid metabolism and related diseases. We applied an unsupervised machine learning method, PGMRA, to discover phenotype-genotype many-to-many relations between genotype and plasma lipidome (phenotype) in order to identify the genetic architecture of plasma lipidome profiled from 1,426 Finnish individuals aged 30-45 years. PGMRA involves biclustering genotype and lipidome data independently followed by their inter-domain integration based on hypergeometric tests of the number of shared individuals. Pathway enrichment analysis was performed on the SNP sets to identify their associated biological processes. We identified 93 statistically significant (hypergeometric p-value < 0.01) lipidome-genotype relations. Genotype biclusters in these 93 relations contained 5977 SNPs across 3164 genes. Twenty nine of the 93 relations contained genotype biclusters with more than 50% unique SNPs and participants, thus representing most distinct subgroups. We identified 30 significantly enriched biological processes among the SNPs involved in 21 of these 29 most distinct genotype-lipidome subgroups through which the identified genetic variants can influence and regulate plasma lipid related metabolism and profiles. This study identified 29 distinct genotype-lipidome subgroups in the studied Finnish population that may have distinct disease trajectories and therefore could be useful in precision medicine research.


Identifying Factors Which Influence Eating Disorder Risk During Behavioral Weight Management: A Consensus Study, Hiba Jebeile, Caitlin M Mcmaster, Brittany J Johnson, Sarah P Garnett, Susan J Paxton, Anna L Seidler, Rebecca A Jones, Andrew J Hill, Sarah Maguire, Caroline Braet, Genevieve Dammery, Denise E Wilfley, Louise A Baur, Natalie B Lister, On Behalf Of The Eating Disorders In Weight-Related Therapy (Edit) Collaboration Feb 2023

Identifying Factors Which Influence Eating Disorder Risk During Behavioral Weight Management: A Consensus Study, Hiba Jebeile, Caitlin M Mcmaster, Brittany J Johnson, Sarah P Garnett, Susan J Paxton, Anna L Seidler, Rebecca A Jones, Andrew J Hill, Sarah Maguire, Caroline Braet, Genevieve Dammery, Denise E Wilfley, Louise A Baur, Natalie B Lister, On Behalf Of The Eating Disorders In Weight-Related Therapy (Edit) Collaboration

2020-Current year OA Pubs

This study aimed to understand clinician, researcher and consumer views regarding factors which influence eating disorder (ED) risk during behavioral weight management, including individual risk factors, intervention strategies and delivery features. Eighty-seven participants were recruited internationally through professional and consumer organizations and social media and completed an online survey. Individual characteristics, intervention strategies (5-point scale) and delivery features (important/unimportant/unsure) were rated. Participants were mostly women (n = 81), aged 35-49 y, from Australia or United States, were clinicians and/or reported lived experience of overweight/obesity and/or ED. There was agreement (64% to 99%) that individual characteristics were relevant to ED risk, …


The Extent To Which A Contract May Be Terminated Based On A Prior Breach Of The Contractual Obligation: A Comparative Study, Mohdkhair Mahmoud Adwan Dr., Naim Ali Otoum Dr Feb 2023

The Extent To Which A Contract May Be Terminated Based On A Prior Breach Of The Contractual Obligation: A Comparative Study, Mohdkhair Mahmoud Adwan Dr., Naim Ali Otoum Dr

UAEU Law Journal

The Contractual Obligation is proven to be owed by its owner as soon as the contract is concluded or the deadline for its implementation is due, Following this that the contractual violation should be before it not after, and if that kind of violation is the ordinary kind of contractual fault so the happening of contractual violation before the execution is a case been put by rules and Judicial Pronouncements as putting it in certain ordered law firm has its special private rules and obligations that distinguishes it from any similar cases of the expiry of contract.

And for that …


The Objective Penal Protection Of The Terrestrial Environment In Light Of The Provisions Of The Kuwaiti Environmental Protection Law, Its Amendments And Implementing Regulations, Bader Ahmed Al-Rajhi Dr. Feb 2023

The Objective Penal Protection Of The Terrestrial Environment In Light Of The Provisions Of The Kuwaiti Environmental Protection Law, Its Amendments And Implementing Regulations, Bader Ahmed Al-Rajhi Dr.

UAEU Law Journal

terrestrial environment and the statement of what environmental pollution is, the terrestrial environment means soil, which is the earth, that important element of the environment, it is where human settle, and has his residence and shelter, it is the source of his food, just as it is the settle of animals and their source of food.

However, this terrestrial environment has been exposed to environmental pollution, namely all human and natural activities that contribute to the presence of any pollutants or agents in the environment in quantities or characteristics for a period of time that may lead directly or indirectly …


The Arbitrary Dismissal Of The Worker In Light Of The Conflicting Rulings Of The Palestinian Court Of Cassation (Pcc), Ahmad Abu Zeineh Dr. Feb 2023

The Arbitrary Dismissal Of The Worker In Light Of The Conflicting Rulings Of The Palestinian Court Of Cassation (Pcc), Ahmad Abu Zeineh Dr.

UAEU Law Journal

Palestinian Court of Cassation (PCC). The focus has been, in particular, on the arbitrary dismissal from wok enshrined in the Palestinian Labor Law No. (7) of 2000. Although the rulings issued by the PCC must be uniform and harmonious, so that they can be followed by the appellate courts, despite the reversal of a principle established in a previous ruling issued by the Court of Cassation requires a general assembly of this Court to convene to decide on that return, but we found contradictions in many of the judgments passed by the Court, in several issues related to the subject …


Nature, Types, And Effects Of Agency Under The English Law: A Comparative Study, Younis Salah Eddin Ali Dr. Feb 2023

Nature, Types, And Effects Of Agency Under The English Law: A Comparative Study, Younis Salah Eddin Ali Dr.

UAEU Law Journal

The agency is considered as one of the legal systems contained in the English common law, which is based on the customary rules and judicial precedents of the English courts. And depended, to a limited extent, on the legislations enacted later. This means that it is one of the legal systems which is characterized by its customary and judicial origins. It is worth-mentioning that the nature of the agency in the English law differs according to whether the agent enjoys the required contractual capacity or not. If he or she does so, it can be regarded as an agreement concluded …


Substantive Criminal Protection Of Scientific Journals From Phishing: A Comparative Study, Omar Abdul Majid Mosbih Dr. Feb 2023

Substantive Criminal Protection Of Scientific Journals From Phishing: A Comparative Study, Omar Abdul Majid Mosbih Dr.

UAEU Law Journal

The Academic sector faces many threats relating to ensuring its quality including the spread out of phishing for scientific journals done by cyber criminals with the aim of collecting money through the activities of researchers.

Academic phishing is considered one of the most noticed activities in the field of electronic publishing, especially in the use of knowledge at the electronic environment and the use of information circulation via the internet technology.

However, there are negative effects resulting from electronic phishing of scientific journals. Such effects represented in the loss of the academic work done by the researchers or that of …


The Protection Of Environmental And Human Rights: An Applied Study Of The Human Right To Live In A Healthy And Clean Environment, Ahmed Salahaldeen Balto Dr. Feb 2023

The Protection Of Environmental And Human Rights: An Applied Study Of The Human Right To Live In A Healthy And Clean Environment, Ahmed Salahaldeen Balto Dr.

UAEU Law Journal

This research explores the hypothesis of using international human rights law to protect the human right to live in a healthy and clean environment, and four legal methods will be addressed to attempt to achieve it, which are integrating environmental aspects into the current human rights system, formulating a new objective right to live in a clean and healthy environment, litigations of public interest, and justice between generations. This will be clarified by referring to some case-law from the European Court of Human Rights, and various national judicial authorities([1]). The main conclusion of this research is that human …


University Grievance Procedure Pertaining To Exam Results: Its Concept, Legitimacy, And Procedural Mechanism Under Islamic Jurisprudence, Asma Salmeen Al-Aryani Dr. Feb 2023

University Grievance Procedure Pertaining To Exam Results: Its Concept, Legitimacy, And Procedural Mechanism Under Islamic Jurisprudence, Asma Salmeen Al-Aryani Dr.

UAEU Law Journal

The research deals with an important topic that has not previously been raised in the jurisprudence arena, which is the university grievance. University grievance is one of the rights of the student who demands reconsideration of his/her test paper because he/she is not satisfied with the degree awarded. This topic is related to jurisprudential rulings and their implications. This research aims to explain the mechanism for dealing with them and their results, whether they are in the interest of the student or against him/her. The research followed two approaches: Descriptive (analytical and deductive) approach and inductive approach. The research concluded …


Force Majeure In Fidic Contracts: A Comparative Study "Study Of The Fidic International Model 2017 Red Book", Dr. Abdul-Rahman Mohamed Salem Feb 2023

Force Majeure In Fidic Contracts: A Comparative Study "Study Of The Fidic International Model 2017 Red Book", Dr. Abdul-Rahman Mohamed Salem

UAEU Law Journal

The implementation of international and internal FIDIC contracts is obstructed by some circumstances, which prevent the implementation of one or some of these contract obligations or may terminate the implementation of the contract permanently for one of its parties. Among those circumstances is the force majeure (exceptional event); Therefore, its concept must be defined in the FIDIC contracts, and the extent of its distance or proximity to its general concept in the rule of general rules. In addition to the need to prove them and verify their availability by notification of their availability in the cases specified by those contracts …


A Typeface For Tolkien: Hammer Uncials In Tolkienian And Gaelic Texts, Eduardo Boheme Kumamoto Feb 2023

A Typeface For Tolkien: Hammer Uncials In Tolkienian And Gaelic Texts, Eduardo Boheme Kumamoto

Journal of Tolkien Research

This article explores the use of Victor Hammer's Uncial Typefaces for texts either by Tolkien or related to his literature, and, at the same time, for Gaelic texts. First, Tolkien's issue with the typefaces selected for the dust-jacket of The Lord of the Rings is recounted. Then, Victor Hammer's typefaces are presented along with examples of them in Tolkienian texts. Lastly, some reasons that might explain such usage are proposed.