Digital Commons Network^™

On Viscoelastic Fiber Jet Formation By Forcespinning At High Rotation Rate, Daniel N. Riahi, Saulo Orizaga

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

We consider a nonlinear three-dimensional viscoelastic fiber jet that is generated during a forcespinning process. We provide a particular case for such a rotating jet at a high rotation rate. We use a viscoelastic constitutive model for the jet equations and then applying a new slender body approach, we continue with proper scaling and perturbation technique to develop a new model for such a jet system. We find that the profiles for jet quantities versus arc length are notably different from all those in related studies reported before for either high or low rotation rates. In particular, jet radius first …

Practical Led-Based Spectral Imaging For Cultural Heritage Studio Photography, Olivia R. Kuzio

Theses

"Wouldn't it be better if 99% of institutions were working toward 99% accuracy, rather than 1% of institutions working toward 100% accuracy?" — John Barrett (Senior Photographer, Bodleian Libraries) during the AHFAP panel discussion "The Practical Implementation of Imaging Standards" in February 2022. In an increasingly virtual world, cultural heritage collections are more frequently experienced on a screen than in person. For especially precious or ephemeral works, reproductions may serve as the primary means of interacting with them. Often, series of works or related pieces are held in different collections, and it may be logistically complicated to exhibit them together …

Sex-Specific Hypnotic Effects Of The Neuroactive Steroid (3Β,5Β,17Β)-3-Hydroxyandrostane-17-Carbonitrile Are Mediated By Peripheral Metabolism Into An Active Hypnotic Steroid, Francesca M Manzella, Omar H Cabrera, Davis Wilkey, Brier Fine-Raquet, Jelena Klawitter, Kathiresan Krishnan, Douglas F Covey, Vesna Jevtovic-Todorovic, Slobodan M Todorovic

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: The novel synthetic neuroactive steroid (3β,5β,17β)-3-hydroxyandrostane-17-carbonitrile (3β-OH) blocks T-type calcium channels but does not directly modulate neuronal γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA

METHODS: We used a combination of behavioural loss of righting reflex, neuroendocrine, pharmacokinetic, in vitro patch-clamp electrophysiology, and in vivo electrophysiological approaches in wild-type mice and in genetic knockouts of the Ca

RESULTS: Adult male mice were less sensitive to the hypnotic effects of 3β-OH compared with female mice, and these differences appeared during development. Adult males had higher 3β-OH brain concentrations despite being less sensitive to its hypnotic effects. Females metabolised 3β-OH into the active GABA …

Modulation Of Trpv4 Protects Against Degeneration Induced By Sustained Loading And Promotes Matrix Synthesis In The Intervertebral Disc, Garrett W D Easson, Alireza Savadipour, Akila Anandarajah, Leanne E Iannucci, Spencer P Lake, Farshid Guilak, Simon Y Tang

2020-Current year OA Pubs

While it is well known that mechanical signals can either promote or disrupt intervertebral disc (IVD) homeostasis, the molecular mechanisms for transducing mechanical stimuli are not fully understood. The transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) ion channel activated in isolated IVD cells initiates extracellular matrix (ECM) gene expression, while TRPV4 ablation reduces cytokine production in response to circumferential stretching. However, the role of TRPV4 on ECM maintenance during tissue-level mechanical loading remains unknown. Using an organ culture model, we modulated TRPV4 function over both short- (hours) and long-term (days) and evaluated the IVDs' response. Activating TRPV4 with the agonist GSK101 …

The Ntpase Activity Of The Double Fyve Domain-Containing Protein 1 Regulates Lipid Droplet Metabolism., Victoria A. Ismail, Teri Naismith, David J. Kast

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Lipid droplets (LDs) are transient lipid storage organelles that can be readily tapped to resupply cells with energy or lipid building blocks and therefore play a central role in cellular metabolism. However, the molecular factors and underlying mechanisms that regulate the growth and degradation of LDs are poorly understood. It has emerged that proteins that establish contacts between LDs and the endoplasmic reticulum play a critical role in regulating LD metabolism. Recently, the autophagy-related protein, double FYVE domain-containing protein 1 (DFCP1/ZFYVE1) was shown to reside at the interface of the endoplasmic reticulum and LDs, however, little is known about the …

Potassium Fertilizer Rate Recommendations: Does Accounting For Soil Stock Of Potassium Matter?, Kimberly B. Oliver, Michael P. Popp, Di Fang, John D. Anderson, Nathan A. Slaton, Gerson L. Drescher, Trenton L. Roberts, Jada Thompson

Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Faculty Publications and Presentations

Profitability, yield, and fertilizer use are compared across three different potassium (K) fertilizer rate recommendation ideologies. Existing agronomic, “build and maintain” rate recommendations (KE) are compared to profit-maximizing rates with and without taking long-run soil-test K (STK) implications into account. Regardless of starting STK, K use equilibrated over the course of 3 years irrespective of ideology. Since taking long-run STK into account did not alter ending STK and only led to a miniscule yield effect, we encourage producers to use annual profit-maximizing K rates that were 3–11% lower than KE rates and generated more profit with minimal yield loss.

The Tetraspanin Transmembrane Protein Cd53 Mediates Dyslipidemia And Integrates Inflammatory And Metabolic Signaling In Hepatocytes, Cassandra B Higgins, Joshua A Adams, Matthew H Ward, Zev J Greenberg, Małgorzata Milewska, Jiameng Sun, Yiming Zhang, Luana Chiquetto Paracatu, Qian Dong, Samuel Ballentine, Weikai Li, Ilona Wandzik, Laura G Schuettpelz, Brian J Debosch

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Tetraspanins are transmembrane signaling and proinflammatory proteins. Prior work demonstrates that the tetraspanin, CD53/TSPAN25/MOX44, mediates B-cell development and lymphocyte migration to lymph nodes and is implicated in various inflammatory diseases. However, CD53 is also expressed in highly metabolic tissues, including adipose and liver; yet its function outside the lymphoid compartment is not defined. Here, we show that CD53 demarcates the nutritional and inflammatory status of hepatocytes. High-fat exposure and inflammatory stimuli induced CD53 in vivo in liver and isolated primary hepatocytes. In contrast, restricting hepatocyte glucose flux through hepatocyte glucose transporter 8 deletion or through trehalose treatment blocked CD53 induction …

In Vivo Editing Of The Pan-Endothelium By Immunity Evading Simian Adenoviral Vector, Reka Lorincz, Aluet Borrego Alvarez, Christopher J Walkey, Samir A Mendonça, Zhi Hong Lu, Alexa E Martinez, Cecilia Ljungberg, Jason D Heaney, William R Lagor, David T Curiel

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Biological applications deriving from the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 site-specific nuclease system continue to impact and accelerate gene therapy strategies. Safe and effective in vivo co-delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to target somatic cells is essential in the clinical therapeutic context. Both non-viral and viral vector systems have been applied for this delivery matter. Despite elegant proof-of-principle studies, available vector technologies still face challenges that restrict the application of CRISPR/Cas9-facilitated gene therapy. Of note, the mandated co-delivery of the gene-editing components must be accomplished in the potential presence of pre-formed anti-vector immunity. Additionally, methods must be sought …

The Insurance Landscape For Implant- And Autologous-Based Breast Reconstruction In The United States, Louisa C. Boyd, Jason A. Greenfield, Sravya S. Ainapurapu, Rachel Skladman, Gary Skolnick, Durai Sundaramoorthi, Justin M. Sacks

2020-Current year OA Pubs

UNLABELLED: Insurance coverage of postmastectomy breast reconstruction is mandated in America, regardless of reconstructive modality. Despite enhanced patient-reported outcomes, autologous reconstruction is utilized less than nonautologous reconstruction nationally. Lower reimbursement from Medicare and Medicaid may disincentivize autologous-based reconstruction. This study examines the impact of insurance and sociodemographic factors on breast reconstruction.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample Database from 2014 to 2017 was performed. International Classification of Diseases Clinical Modification and Procedure Coding System codes were used to identify patients for inclusion. De-identified sociodemographic and insurance data were analyzed using

RESULTS: In …

Estimating The Demand For Groundwater: A Second-Stage Hedonic Land Price Analysis For The Lower Mississippi River Alluvial Plain, Arkansas, Kent Kovacs, Sheby Rider

Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Faculty Publications and Presentations

We estimate the benefits of the saturated thickness (water-bearing porous material) of the alluvial aquifer in Arkansas through an application of the hedonic price model to the sale of agricultural land. There is evidence from the first-stage analysis of diminishing returns from increasing saturated thickness. Using a survey of farmer operators’ preferences and socioeconomic characteristics, we recover the underlying demand function for saturated thickness in a second-stage analysis. Shifts in the demand function reveal that produced/social capital can be a substitute or a complement to saturated thickness, and human capital is a substitute for saturated thickness.

Is A Genetic Diathesis For Poor Nutrition Becoming More Crucial Due To The Uniformity Of Covid Social Stress?, M. Catherine Desoto

Faculty Publications

The important role of nutrition in proper neural functioning and mental health has seen wider acceptance, but is still sadly under recognized given the existent body of research. This Special Issue was designed to unite authoritative information on this topic in one volume. This editorial provides an overview of the issue, and suggests that the combination of social isolation, lack of exercise, and remaining indoors that overtook industrialized societies during 2020 are specific factors expected to change the Gene × Environment interactions for anxiety and depression. Importantly, the recent environmental changes may make biological diatheses for nutritional deficiencies even more …

Genetic And Environmental Variation In Continuous Phenotypes In The Abcd Study®, Hermine H M Maes, Dana M Lapato, J Eric Schmitt, Monica Luciana, Marie T Banich, James M Bjork, John K Hewitt, Pamela A Madden, Andrew C Heath, Deanna M Barch, Wes K Thompson, William G Iacono, Michael C Neale

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Twin studies yield valuable insights into the sources of variation, covariation and causation in human traits. The ABCD Study® (abcdstudy.org) was designed to take advantage of four universities known for their twin research, neuroimaging, population-based sampling, and expertise in genetic epidemiology so that representative twin studies could be performed. In this paper we use the twin data to: (i) provide initial estimates of heritability for the wide range of phenotypes assessed in the ABCD Study using a consistent direct variance estimation approach, assuring that both data and methodology are sound; and (ii) provide an online resource for researchers that can …

Comparison Of Percentile Tables And Algorithm-Based Calculators For Classification Of Blood Pressures In Children And Adolescents With Obesity: A Secondary Analysis Of A Clinical Trial, William J Pitts, Tami L Cave, Alana Cavadino, Roman J Shypailo, Sarah E Maessen, Paul L Hofman, William Wong, Yvonne C Anderson

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

AIM: Obesity as a major risk factor for childhood hypertension necessitates careful blood pressure (BP) monitoring of those affected. This study aimed to compare BP classification in a cohort of children affected by obesity using tables versus digital calculations in two sets of guidelines.

METHODS: This study was a secondary analysis of data collected from a randomised clinical trial of a multidisciplinary life-style assessment and intervention program. Baseline data from 237 children with a body mass index >99th percentile or >91st percentile with weight-related comorbidities and available BP measurements were analysed. We assessed agreement between tables and algorithms in classification …

Challenges And Opportunities In Academic Physiatry: An Environmental Scan, David C Morgenroth, Tiffany Knowlton, Susan Apkon, Cheri A Blauwet, Anthony S Burns, Cecilia Córdova Vallejos, Walter Frontera, Sandra L Hearn, Prakash Jayabalan, Peter A Lim, Alex Moroz, Danielle Perret, Danielle Powell, Matt Puderbaugh, W Evan Rivers, Gwendolyn Sowa, Monica Verduzco-Gutierrez, Pablo A Celnik

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Environmental scans determine trends in an organization's or field's internal and external environment. The results can help shape goals, inform strategic decision making, and direct future actions. The Association of Academic Physiatrists convened a strategic planning group in 2020, composed of physiatrists representing a diversity of professional roles, career stages, race and ethnicity, gender, disability status, and geographic areas of practice. This strategic planning group performed an environmental scan to assess the forces, trends, challenges, and opportunities affecting both the Association of Academic Physiatrists and the entire field of academic physiatry (also known as physical medicine and rehabilitation, physical and …

The Behavioral Assessment Screening Tool For Mobile Health (Bastmhealth): Development And Compliance In Two Weeks Of Daily Reporting In Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury, Shannon B Juengst, Brittany Wright, Angelle M Sander, Samuel Preminger, Andrew Nabasny, Lauren Terhorst

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objectives:

To develop and evaluate the feasibility of a short form of the Behavioral Assessment Screening Tool (BAST_mHealth) for high frequency in situ self-reported assessment of neurobehavioral symptoms using mobile health technology for community-dwelling adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Design:

Prospective, repeated measures study of mHealth assessment of self-reported neurobehavioral symptoms in adults with and without a lifetime history of TBI over a two-week period.

Setting:

Community

Participants:

Community-dwelling adults with (n=52) and without (n=12) a lifetime TBI history consented to the study.

Interventions:

Not applicable

Main Outcome Measures:

BAST_mHealth subscales (2-items each): Negative Affect, Fatigue, …

Telemedicine Use Among Physiatrists During The Early Phase Of The Covid-19 Pandemic And Potential For Future Use, Sameer Siddiqui, Ellen Farr, Nathaniel Dusto, Liqi Chen, Masha Kocherginsky, Felicia Skelton, Monica Verduzco-Gutierrez, Sujin Lee

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

A Case Report Of Subacute Combined Degeneration Due To Nitrous Oxide-Induced Vitamin B12 Deficiency, Jorge Nadal Bosch, Javier Malcolm, Mario Moya, Michael Menowsky, Roberto A. Cruz

School of Medicine Publications

Nitrous oxide, also known as “laughing gas,” is a naturally occurring gas that is colorless, odorless, nonflammable, and nontoxic. It has been used as an inhalant anesthetic in the medical field for more than 150 years for dental and surgical procedures. Due to its wide availability and ability to cause euphoria, its recreational use is on the rise. We present a case of subacute combined degeneration (SCD) due to nitrous oxide-induced vitamin B12 deficiency. The patient presented with bilateral lower extremity paresthesia, weakness, and ataxic gait. The patient was found to have vitamin B12 deficiency. An MRI of the cervical …

Origin And Evolution Of Marsupial-Specific Imprinting Clusters Through Lineage-Specific Gene Duplications And Acquisition Of Promoter Differential Methylation, Wenqi Cao, Kory C. Douglas, Paul B. Samollow, John Vandeberg, Xu Wang, Andrew G. Clark

School of Medicine Publications

Genomic imprinting is a parent-of-origin-specific expression phenomenon that plays fundamental roles in many biological processes. In animals, imprinting is only observed in therian mammals, with ∼200 imprinted genes known in humans and mice. The imprinting pattern in marsupials has been minimally investigated by examining orthologs to known eutherian imprinted genes. To identify marsupial-specific imprinting in an unbiased way, we performed RNA-seq studies on samples of fetal brain and placenta from the reciprocal cross progeny of two laboratory opossum stocks. We inferred allele-specific expression for >3,000 expressed genes and discovered/validated 13 imprinted genes, including three previously known imprinted genes, Igf2r, Peg10, …

Aortic Stress Activates An Adaptive Program In Thoracic Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells That Maintains Aortic Strength And Protects Against Aneurysm And Dissection In Mice, Chen Zhang, Yanming Li, Abhijit Chakraborty, Yang Li, Kimberly R Rebello, Pingping Ren, Wei Luo, Lin Zhang, Hong S Lu, Lisa A Cassis, Joseph S Coselli, Alan Daugherty, Scott A Lemaire, Ying H Shen

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND:

When aortic cells are under stress, such as increased hemodynamic pressure, they adapt to the environment by modifying their functions, allowing the aorta to maintain its strength. To understand the regulation of this adaptive response, we examined transcriptomic and epigenomic programs in aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) during the adaptive response to angiotensin II (AngII) infusion and determined its importance in protecting against aortic aneurysm and dissection (AAD).

METHODS:

We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and single-cell sequencing assay for transposase-accessible chromatin (scATAC-seq) analyses in a mouse model of sporadic AAD induced by AngII infusion. We also examined the …

Toxin Induced Parkinsonism And Hospitalization Related Adverse Outcome Mitigation For Parkinson’S Disease: A Comprehensive Review, Kenneth R. Dalton, Charles J. Kidd, Nawaz Hack

School of Medicine Publications

Patients with Parkinson’s disease admitted to the hospital have unique presentations. This unique subset of patients requires a multidisciplinary approach with a knowledge-based care team that can demonstrate awareness of complications specific to Parkinson’s disease to reduce critical care admissions, morbidity, and mortality. Early recognition of toxic exposures, medication withdrawals, or medication-induced symptoms can reduce morbidity and mortality. This review can assist in the critical assessment of new or exacerbating Parkinson’s disease symptoms.

Association Of Lifestyle Behaviors With Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease And Advanced Fibrosis Detected By Transient Elastography Among Hispanic/Latinos Adults In The Us, Natalia I Heredia, Xiaotao Zhang, Maya Balakrishnan, Jessica P Hwang, Aaron P Thrift

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVES: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a highly prevalent liver disease, with the highest prevalence observed in the U.S. among Hispanic/Latino adults. While physical activity and dietary behaviors have established protective associations with NAFLD and its severity, these associations have not been well-characterized in Hispanic/Latino adults. The purpose of this study was to assess the association of lifestyle behaviors with NAFLD and advanced fibrosis in US Hispanic/Latino adults.

DESIGN: We selected all Hispanic/Latino adults from the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). NAFLD was defined as CAP ≥285 dB/m, and advanced fibrosis as liver stiffness measurements ≥8.6 …

Rates Of Antimicrobial Resistance In Helicobacter Pylori Isolates From Clinical Trial Patients Across The Us And Europe, Francis Mégraud, David Y Graham, Colin W Howden, Ernest Trevino, Alice Weissfeld, Barbara Hunt, Neila Smith, Eckhard Leifke, William D Chey

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

INTRODUCTION: Guidelines recommend that proton pump inhibitor-based triple regimens with clarithromycin not be used for Helicobacter pylori infection in areas where clarithromycin resistance is ≥15%, or in patients with prior macrolide use. Up-to-date information on local resistance patterns is limited, especially in the US. Here, we report resistance rates to antibiotics commonly used to treat H. pylori from a large study conducted in the US and Europe (pHalcon-HP).

METHODS: Gastric mucosal biopsies were collected from adult participants with H. pylori infection during screening. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined via agar dilution for clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and metronidazole, with breakpoints ≥1 μg/mL, …

Prediction Of Suicide Attempts And Suicide-Related Events Among Adolescents Seen In Emergency Departments, David A Brent, Lisa M Horowitz, Jacqueline Grupp-Phelan, Jeffrey A Bridge, Robert Gibbons, Lauren S Chernick, Margaret Rea, Mary F Cwik, Rohit P Shenoi, Joel A Fein, E Melinda Mahabee-Gittens, Shilpa J Patel, Rakesh D Mistry, Susan Duffy, Marlene D Melzer-Lange, Alexander Rogers, Daniel M Cohen, Allison Keller, Robert W Hickey, Kent Page, T Charles Casper, Cheryl A King, Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (Pecarn)

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

IMPORTANCE: Screening adolescents in emergency departments (EDs) for suicidal risk is a recommended strategy for suicide prevention. Comparing screening measures on predictive validity could guide ED clinicians in choosing a screening tool.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the Ask Suicide-Screening Questions (ASQ) instrument with the Computerized Adaptive Screen for Suicidal Youth (CASSY) instrument for the prediction of suicidal behavior among adolescents seen in EDs, across demographic and clinical strata.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The Emergency Department Study for Teens at Risk for Suicide is a prospective, random-series, multicenter cohort study that recruited adolescents, oversampled for those with psychiatric symptoms, who presented to …

Genotype-Phenotype Relationships Of Truncating Mutations, Pe297g And Pd482g In Bile Salt Export Pump Deficiency, Antonia Felzen, Daan B E Van Wessel, Emmanuel Gonzales, Richard J Thompson, Irena Jankowska, Benjamin L Shneider, Etienne Sokal, Tassos Grammatikopoulos, Agustina Kadaristiana, Emmanuel Jacquemin, Anne Spraul, Patryk Lipiński, Piotr Czubkowski, Nathalie Rock, Mohammad Shagrani, Dieter Broering, Emanuele Nicastro, Deirdre Kelly, Gabriella Nebbia, Henrik Arnell, Björn Fischler, Jan B F Hulscher, Daniele Serranti, Cigdem Arikan, Esra Polat, Dominique Debray, Florence Lacaille, Cristina Goncalves, Loreto Hierro, Gema Muñoz Bartolo, Yael Mozer-Glassberg, Amer Azaz, Jernej Brecelj, Antal Dezsőfi, Pier Luigi Calvo, Enke Grabhorn, Steffen Hartleif, Wendy J Van Der Woerd, Binita M Kamath, Jian-She Wang, Liting Li, Özlem Durmaz, Nanda Kerkar, Marianne Hørby Jørgensen, Ryan Fischer, Carolina Jimenez-Rivera, Seema Alam, Mara Cananzi, Noemie Laverdure, Cristina Targa Ferreira, Felipe Ordoñez Guerrero, Heng Wang, Valerie Sency, Kyung Mo Kim, Huey-Ling Chen, Elisa De Carvalho, Alexandre Fabre, Jesus Quintero Bernabeu, Aglaia Zellos, Estella M Alonso, Ronald J Sokol, Frederick J Suchy, Kathleen M Loomes, Patrick J Mckiernan, Philip Rosenthal, Yumirle Turmelle, Simon Horslen, Kathleen Schwarz, Jorge A Bezerra, Kasper Wang, Bettina E Hansen, Henkjan J Verkade, Natural Course And Prognosis Of Pfic And Effect Of Biliary Diversion (Napped) Consortium

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Bile salt export pump (BSEP) deficiency frequently necessitates liver transplantation in childhood. In contrast to two predicted protein truncating mutations (PPTMs), homozygous p.D482G or p.E297G mutations are associated with relatively mild phenotypes, responsive to surgical interruption of the enterohepatic circulation (siEHC). The phenotype of patients with a compound heterozygous genotype of one p.D482G or p.E297G mutation and one PPTM has remained unclear. We aimed to assess their genotype-phenotype relationship.

METHODS: From the NAPPED database, we selected patients with homozygous p.D482G or p.E297G mutations (BSEP1/1; n = 31), with one p.D482G or p.E297G, and one PPTM (BSEP1/3; n …

Effect Of Liquid And Solid Test Meals On Symptoms And Gastric Myoelectrical Activity In Patients With Gastroparesis And Functional Dyspepsia, Kenneth L Koch, Mark Van Natta, Henry P Parkman, Madhusudan Grover, Thomas L Abell, Richard W Mccallum, Hossam A Shaltout, Irene Sarosiek, Gianrico Farrugia, Robert J Shulman, James Tonascia, Laura Miriel, Frank Hamilton, Pankaj J Pasricha, Gastroparesis Clinical Research Consortium

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Patients with gastroparesis (GP) and functional dyspepsia (FD) have similar symptoms, but the pathophysiology of postprandial symptoms remains uncertain.

AIMS: To compare symptoms and gastric myoelectrical activity (GMA) after liquid and solid test meals in patients with GP and FD.

METHODS: Patients enrolled in the Gastroparesis Clinical Research Consortium Registry were studied. Clinical characteristics were measured with standard questionnaires. GP was determined by 4-h solid-phase gastric scintigraphy. GMA was measured using electrogastrography before and after ingestion of a water load or nutrient bar on separate days. Symptoms were measured on visual analog scales. GMA responses to the water load …

Regulation Of Skeletal Muscle Protein Synthesis In The Preterm Pig By Intermittent Leucine Pulses During Continuous Parenteral Feeding, Marko Rudar, Agus Suryawan, Hanh V Nguyen, Shaji K Chacko, Caitlin Vonderohe, Barbara Stoll, Douglas G Burrin, Marta L Fiorotto, Teresa A Davis

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Extrauterine growth restriction is a common complication of preterm birth. Leucine (Leu) is an agonist for the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway that regulates translation initiation and protein synthesis in skeletal muscle. Previously, we showed that intermittent intravenous pulses of Leu to neonatal pigs born at term receiving continuous enteral nutrition increases muscle protein synthesis and lean mass accretion. Our objective was to determine the impact of intermittent intravenous pulses of Leu on muscle protein anabolism in preterm neonatal pigs administered continuous parenteral nutrition.

METHODS: Following preterm delivery (on day 105 of 115 gestation), …

A Simple Point-Of-Care Assay Accurately Detects Anti-Spike Antibodies After Sars-Cov-2 Vaccination, Sarah E Greene, Yuefang Huang, Wooseob Kim, Mariel J Liebeskind, Vinay Chandrasekaran, Zhuoming Liu, Parakkal Deepak, Michael A Paley, Daphne Lew, Mary C Nakamura, Jane A O'Hallaran, Rachel M Presti, Sean P J Whelan, William J Buchser, Alfred H J Kim, Gary J Weil, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: Lateral flow assays (LFA) are sensitive for detecting antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 proteins within weeks after infection. This study tested samples from immunocompetent adults, and those receiving treatments for chronic inflammatory diseases (CID), before and after mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

METHODS: We compared results obtained with the COVIBLOCK Covid-19 LFA to those obtained by anti-spike (S) ELISA.

RESULTS: The LFA detected anti-S antibodies in 29 of 29 (100%) of the immunocompetent and 110 of 126 (87.3%) of the CID participants after vaccination. Semiquantitative LFA scores were statistically significantly lower in samples from immunosuppressed participants, and were significantly correlated with anti-S antibody …

Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Wound Repair: Evidence For Paracrine Signaling From Corneal Epithelial Cells To Fibroblasts And Immune Cells Following Transient Epithelial Cell Treatment With Mitomycin C, Sonali Pal-Ghosh, Beverly A Karpinski, Himani Datta Majumdar, Trisha Ghosh, Julie Thomasian, Stephen R Brooks, Andrew P Sawaya, Maria I Morasso, Kaitlin K Scholand, Cintia S De Paiva, Jeremias G Galletti, Mary Ann Stepp

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

In this paper, we use RNAseq to identify senescence and phagocytosis as key factors to understanding how mitomyin C (MMC) stimulates regenerative wound repair. We use conditioned media (CM) from untreated (CMC) and MMC treated (CMM) human and mouse corneal epithelial cells to show that corneal epithelial cells indirectly exposed to MMC secrete elevated levels of immunomodulatory proteins including IL-1α and TGFβ1 compared to cells exposed to CMC. These factors increase epithelial and macrophage phagocytosis and promote ECM turnover. IL-1α supplementation can increase phagocytosis in control epithelial cells and attenuate TGFβ1 induced αSMA expression by corneal fibroblasts. Yet, we show …

Factors Affecting Adherence To Intranasal Treatment For Allergic Rhinitis: A Qualitative Study, Meha G Fox, Lauren M Cass, Kevin J Sykes, Emily L Cummings, Scott N Fassas, Rohit Nallani, Josh B Smith, Alexander G Chiu, Jennifer A Villwock

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVE: To determine the facilitators of and barriers to adherence to use of intranasal pharmacotherapy (daily intranasal corticosteroids and/or antihistamine, and nasal saline irrigation [NSI]), for allergic rhinitis (AR).

METHODS: Patients were recruited from an academic tertiary care rhinology and allergy clinic. Semi-structured interviews were conducted after the initial visit and/or 4-6 weeks following treatment. Transcribed interviews were analyzed using a grounded theory, inductive approach to elucidate themes regarding patient adherence to AR treatment.

RESULTS: A total of 32 patients (12 male, 20 female; age 22-78) participated (seven at initial visit, seven at follow-up visit, and 18 at both). Memory …

Modeling Ewing Sarcoma Lung Metastasis, Atreyi Dasgupta, Lyazat Kurenbekova, Tajhal D Patel, Kimal Rajapakshe, Gargi Ghosal, Bikesh Nirala, Cristian Coarfa, Jason Yustein

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Ewing Sarcoma (EwS) is the second most common malignant bone tumor in adolescents and young adults. The single-most powerful predictor of outcome in EwS is presence of metastatic burden at the time of diagnosis. Patients with metastatic Ewing Sarcoma have an abysmal 5-year survival rate of 10–25%, which has not changed over the past 30–40 years. Thus, unraveling underlying mechanisms of EwS metastasis are imperative for developing effective therapeutic measures. Investigations towards this goal are limited by the lack of reliable genetically engineered mouse models and specialized metastatic models. Using two established cell lines, A673 and TC71, we generated lung …