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Table Of Contents, Maria Simeone

The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & the Law

No abstract provided.

Copyright On Stage: Protecting The Directions Behind The Performance, Eliana Sakin

The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & the Law

In this comment, the author argues that theatrical stage directions should be recognized as copyrightable material under the U.S. Copyright Act, primarily by categorizing them as "choreographic works". Sakin highlights that while the 1976 Copyright Act explicitly protects choreography and pantomimes, stage directions—which serve as the "blueprints" for a production's blocking, technical cues, and artistic mood—currently exist in a legal gray area. Through an analysis of historical context and industry disputes, such as the Urinetown and The Most Happy Fella settlements, the author illustrates a growing industry recognition of a director’s staging as a protectable, original contribution, despite the lack …

Scotus Rules For Whistleblowers: What Eliminating The Retaliation Requirement For A Sarbanes-Oxley Discrimination Claim Means For The Future Of Corporate Whistleblowing, Abigail Pezzolo

The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & the Law

This comment analyzes the Supreme Court’s landmark decision in Murray v. UBS Securities, LLC. The author examines how the Court addressed the significant "information asymmetry" that often leaves employees unable to prove an employer's specific retaliatory intent. By confirming that plaintiffs are not required to provide proof of "retaliatory animus," the decision reinforces the "contributing-factor" burden-shifting framework established under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX). Pezzolo argues that this holding is a critical victory for whistleblowers, as it lowers the evidentiary hurdles for those reporting financial misconduct and encourages corporations to implement more robust internal transparency systems. Ultimately, the article situates this …

Diverging Views On Class Certification In The Insurance Industry: Uniform Valuation Methods For Totaled Vehicles, Celine Makhani

The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & the Law

This comment explores the legal challenges surrounding how insurance companies calculate the "actual cash value" of totaled vehicles . The author focuses on the controversial use of "negotiation adjustments"—deductions insurers apply based on the assumption that buyers typically negotiate car prices downward—which policyholders argue systematically undervalues their claims. The central conflict of the article is a significant circuit split: while the Ninth Circuit in Jama v. State Farm recently allowed these claims to proceed as class actions, the Fifth Circuit in Sampson v. USAA reached the opposite conclusion, requiring individual proof of harm for each policyholder . Makhani analyzes these …

Ultras: Rethinking Tax Policy For Digital Assets, Lauren Liedel

The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & the Law

This comment examines the challenges current federal tax policy faces in addressing the rapidly expanding and volatile digital asset market. The author argues that the Internal Revenue Service’s (IRS) current "piecemeal" approach to defining taxable events—such as mining and staking—creates significant uncertainty for taxpayers and leads to strategic litigation. To resolve these issues, the article proposes the adoption of Unliquidated Tax Reserve Accounts (ULTRAs) as an alternative reporting framework. By utilizing blockchain's inherent capability to track notional interests, ULTRAs allow the IRS to account for economic activity while offering taxpayers the flexibility to defer actual payment until the assets are …

Relevance Matters After Patel: Where The Economic Substance Doctrine Goes From Here, Daniel Chung

The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & the Law

This article examines the modern Economic Substance Doctrine (ESD) through the framework of the Tax Court's decision in Patel v. Commissioner. The author argues that Patel serves as a "doctrinal reset," restoring the ESD to its intended role as a narrow, purpose-driven judicial backstop rather than a generalized anti-abuse tool. Central to this analysis is the reemergence of a "relevance" inquiry, which requires courts to determine if the ESD applies to a transaction at all—based on pre-codification common law—before engaging the statutory two-prong test under Section 7701(o) . While the court in Patel ultimately found the doctrine relevant and sustained …

Guarding The Game: Building A Defensive Line Between Athletes' Biometric Data And Gambling Interests, Caroline Hébert

The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & the Law

This comment examines the intersection of wearable technology, professional sports, and the burgeoning sports betting industry. Focusing primarily on the National Football League (NFL), the author explores how biometric markers such as heart rate, stress levels, and fatigue—originally intended for player health and performance—are increasingly targeted for commercialization in the gambling market. The comment provides a critical analysis of the current legal landscape, noting that existing frameworks like HIPAA and GINA, as well as current Collective Bargaining Agreements (CBAs), offer insufficient protections for athletes' sensitive personal data. Hébert identifies key points of exploitation by third-party vendors and highlights the conflicting …

A Low-Noise And High-Gain Integrated Photoplethysmography Sensor For Continuous Vital Signs Monitoring, Neethu Mohan

Thesis/ Dissertation Defenses

Photoplethysmography (PPG) sensing is an important technology used for measuring health parameters like, heart rate, respiratory rate, blood oxygen saturation, and blood pressure (BP). The PPG sensing is used for individuals who have to periodically monitor their health due to chronic health conditions. The basic requirements of a wearable PPG sensor include non-invasiveness, prolonged battery life, and being user-friendly. These type of sensors have great demand in the healthcare applications and there is a significant rise in the demand of these sensors. The basic objective of these PPG sensors is to make the continuous vital health monitoring easier without the …

Using Molecular Evolution To Explore Alternative Receptors For Sars-Cov-2, Kayden Harris, Aemelia Price, Ruby Bentz

Linfield University Student Symposium: A Celebration of Scholarship and Creative Achievement

SARS-CoV-2, the virus which caused the Covid-19 pandemic, likely jumped from bats into humans, canonically uses the protein ACE2 to infect cells. Recent studies found 22 possible human alternative receptors. However, it is unknown if these receptors are biologically significant to SARS-CoV-2 in vivo. Selective pressure between viruses and hosts often steer nucleotide changes in proteins, including viral receptors. Virus-driven natural selection is often evident in receptor evolution across related species. A signature of natural selection at virus-bound residues of an alternative receptor may indicate use by a virus. To determine if alternative SARS-CoV-2 receptors underwent natural selection in bats, …

Anchorage And Bond Behavior Of Smoothsurfaced Nitinol-Sma Rebars, Mostafa Basha

Thesis/ Dissertation Defenses

The anchorage and bond behavior of smooth-surfaced Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) is investigated in this thesis, but specifically, the focus will be on Nitinol (Ni-Ti). Nitinol has distinctive properties, including Superelasticity Effect (SE) and Shape Memory Effects (SME). These properties make Nitinol bars suitable for civil and seismic engineering applications that require resilience and durability. However, Nitinol rebars possess a smooth surface, making it difficult to achieve adequate bonding and anchorage, potentially altering their load-carrying abilities. This inadequate anchorage and bonding restrict their use in the field of structural and seismic engineering. The main aim of this study is to …

Assessing The Robustness Of Combinatorial Multi-Armed Bandit For Geofencing With Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces., Luciano De Souza, André Gomes

STEM Student Research Symposium Posters

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) can influence beam selection in next-generation wireless systems by shaping the channel conditions observed during beam sweeping. Prior work assumes deterministic beam sweeping, enabling Combinatorial Multi-Armed Bandits (CMAB) to learn beam-specific policies for geofencing. In this work, we evaluate the robustness of this approach under randomized beam sweeping, where the mapping between bandits and beam directions is disrupted episode by episode. Under these conditions, the learning algorithm no longer converges to a structured solution, instead behaving closely to a random policy, with higher variability and lower mean reward. These results indicate that the CMAB relies on …

Understanding Why Reddit Users Turn To Ai Chatbots For Mental Health Support: A Qualitative Study, Isabelle Byrd, Lillian Frankel, Luke Gallagher, Tyler Nguyen, Lauren O’Brien, Kayla Williams

STEM Student Research Symposium Posters

Background: 

• 60M+ people live with a mental disorder (Mental Health America, 2025)
• 1 in 4 with mental illness report unmet treatment needs (Mental Health America, 2025)
• 13.1% of U.S. youth already use AI for mental health advice (McBain et al., 2025)
• Existing research: quantitative, lacks authentic user voice (Collins et al., 2025; Luo et al., 2025)
• Gap: why do people turn to AI over traditional therapy?

Detection, Mapping, And Spraying Of Carolina Redroots In Cranberry Bogs Using Ai And Autonomous Drones, Duwon Ham, Bishal Neupane, Thien Ba Nguyen, Thanh Nguyen, Hieu D. Nguyen, Thierry Besancon

STEM Student Research Symposium Posters

Use artificial intelligent and autonomous drones to automatically detect Carolina Redroots in cranberry bogs, create density maps of the weed, and perform spot spraying.

On The Need For Intelligent Link Management In Wifi 7 Mlo, Logan Lux, André Gomes

STEM Student Research Symposium Posters

Wi-Fi 7 EMLSR allows devices to use multiple wireless links to improve throughput and reduce latency, but its real-world performance depends heavily on network conditions. This project investigates the need for intelligent link management in Wi-Fi 7 EMLSR by building a real testbed to measure performance.

Geochemistry And Petrography Of Upper Devonian (Famennian) Paleosols In The Appalachian Basin Of Central Pennsylvania, Usa, Cheyenne Woodward, Tami Emick, Lily Pfeifer, Jeff Trop

STEM Student Research Symposium Posters

To test the hypothesis of alpine glaciation in the late Devonian (Famennian) at subtropic latitudes, we present new major element geochemistry and petrographic thin section images from upper Devonian paleosols collected from north-central Pennsylvania (Appalachian Basin).  Paleosols, ancient soils, record climate conditions at the time of formation. Major element geochemistry is used to calculate the intensity of weathering which is used for paleoclimate interpretations, and microfabrics observed in paleosol thin section petrography yield important clues about the soil type and degree of pedogenesis in the system. Twenty-three samples were collected from the Catskill and Lockhaven Formation paleosols for geochemical analysis, …

Expanding The Fossil Record Of Hippopotamodon (Suidae, Artiodactyla) From The Hasnot Area, Siwalik, Pakistan, Muhammad Ilyas, Rana Mehroz Fazal, Sayyed Ghyour Abbas, Misbah Faiz, Kiran Aftab, Abdul Ghaffar, Khizar Samiullah, Luke Holbrook

STEM Student Research Symposium Posters

The suid genus Hippopotamodon with its type species H. sivalense, is well known from Upper Miocene deposits in Eurasia. Its taxonomic history has been characterized by considerable instability, including early misassignments to genera such as Sus and Potamochoerus, and subsequent reclassifications involving Propotamochoerus, Dicoryphochoerus, and Microstonyx. This confusion primarily resulted from an overreliance on variable dental and canine morphology. Subsequent systematic revisions attempted to resolve these issues by proposing synonymies among these taxa, although debate has continued regarding the relationship between Hippopotamodon and Microstonyx. Recent work supports the synonymy of these taxa based on shared diagnostic features across Eurasian material. …

Discovery And Characterization Of Three Novel Bacteriophages Infecting Arthrobacter Globiformis: Crescenzo (Ay), Gerri43 (Fr), & Roberts (Fr), Gabrielle Achinko, Maximillan Castro, Evan Chernyenko, Kelley Crescenzo, Natalie Horchuck, Jessica Lee, Mattie Mcmahon, Heidi Meehan, Sandra Orjih, Kanishka Poudel, Kaitlyn Roberts, Alex Bogush, Matthew Farber, Marina Bogush

STEM Student Research Symposium Posters

Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria and are increasingly important in applications ranging from agriculture and food safety to phage therapy. In this study, we isolated and characterized three novel phages, Gerri43, Crescenzo, and Roberts, from soil samples collected in Greenwich, New Jersey, and from the Rowan University campus in Glassboro, New Jersey, using Arthrobacter globiformis as the host bacterium. Phages were recovered using standard enrichment and purification approaches. After initial isolation, multiple rounds of plaque purification and serial dilution were performed to obtain clonal populations. High-titer lysates were then prepared by flooding webbed plates. Electron microscopy showed that all …

Reproducibility Of Carbon Quantum Dots, Liliana De Salas, Kyah Smalley, Nicholas Whiting

STEM Student Research Symposium Posters

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are semi-conducting, carbon- based, spherical nano-crystals known for their photo-luminescent properties and biocompatibility, making them intriguing candidates for nano fertilization of crop plants. Green synthesis of CQDs utilizes hydrothermal solvation. Synthesis of CQDs from agricultural wastes is a sustainable, low-cost alternative to other synthesis pathways

A Researcher’S Reflections On Using Participant-Led Photo Elicitation: A Work In Progress., Aoife Ryan, Frank Houghton, Jennifer Moran Stritch

Journal of Academic Research and Innovation

This paper outlines a researcher’s reflections on using a participant-led photo elicitation methodology in counselling/psychotherapy research, in an Irish context. The method used in this research is outlined and explored and strengths and limitations are discussed.

The Art Of Deception: An Introduction To The Tiger Team (Red Team) Online Age Verification Penetration Method, Frank Houghton, Mia Daly, Ann Campbell

Journal of Academic Research and Innovation

This paper outlines a Tiger Team or Red Team methodology. In this context, this refers to attempts to penetrate age verification mechanisms used by the National Lottery to prevent under-age gambling. The methods used to achieve this are discussed along with a brief examination of related ethical dimensions to such research. The strengths and weaknesses of this form of research are discussed, as well as potential future developments in this field.

Regarding Researcher Bias In Purposive Sampling, Ann Ryan

Journal of Academic Research and Innovation

This paper considers the vexed ques􀆟on of researcher bias in the selection of participants/informants through purposive sampling in an exploratory research project. It briefly outlines the context of the author’s research and explains how the perceived weakness of purposive sampling in qualitative research within a largely positivistic field of practice can be mitigated.

Considering Moderating Forces As A Critical Lens For Understanding The Internationalization Of Higher Education, Jonah M. Otto

Critical Internationalization Studies Review

No abstract provided.

Erratum To ``Childhood Obesity: Global Burden, Multifactorial Etiologies, Biological Mechanisms, And Emerging Interventions For Prevention And Management'' [Saudi Medical Journal 2026; 47(2):183–194], Fahad H. Baali

Saudi Medical Journal

In the manuscript entitled: ``Childhood Obesity: Global Burden, Multifactorial Etiologies, Biological Mechanisms, and Emerging Interventions for Prevention and Management'' Published in Saudi Med J 2026; Vol. 47(2): 183–194. doi: 10.15537/1658-3175.1001
The tables included in the published version were incorrect due to a production error.

Erratum To ``The Association Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease And Ischemic Heart Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study'' [Saudi Medical Journal 2025 Oct; 46(10):1174–1181], Mahmoud H. Mosli, Dima M. Alsulami, Yara K. Alghamdi, Abdullah S. Badahdah, Asmaa H. Alhibshi, Thamer M. Alamri, Maan S. Alkhattabi, Khames T. Alzahrani, Hadeel A. Alsufyani, Omar I. Saadah

Saudi Medical Journal

In the manuscript entitled ``The Association between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Ischemic Heart Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study,'' published in Saudi Med J 2025 Oct;46(10):1174–1181. doi: 10.15537/smj.2025.46.10.20250181, the affiliation of Dr. Maan Alkhattabi was omitted from the final published version.
The correct affiliation for Dr. Maan Alkhattabi is as follows:
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University–Rabigh, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Erratum To ``Unmasking Iron Deficiency And Iron Deficiency Anemia In Saudi Arabia'' [Saudi Medical Journal 2025; 46(9):1000–1007], Osman O. Radhwi, Omar M. Raslan, Eman M. Mansory

Saudi Medical Journal

In the manuscript entitled ``Unmasking Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Saudi Arabia,'' published in Saudi Med J 2025; Vol. 46(9):1000–1007. doi: 10.15537/smj.2025.46.9.20240970.
The correct affiliation should read as follows: Department of Basic Science, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.

Advancing Rheumatology In The Middle East: Mrc 2025 Abstracts, Martin Lee, Ahmed Zayat, Beena Hameed, Elsadeg Sharif, Fahda Al Okaily, Fehaid Alanazi, Francis Kynaston-Pearson, Khalid A. Alnaqbi, Mahmood Hachim, Mayam Al Nesf, Mira Mirashli, Mohammed Tariq, Ravi Gutta, Reem Abdwani, Saadeya Naji, Shamma Lootah, Tareq Al Araimi, Waleed Hafiz, Suad Hannawi

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Middle East Bifurcation Club Consensus Document On Percutaneous Revascularization Of Bifurcation Lesions In Association With The National Heart Center – Saudi Health Council, Khaled Al-Shaibi, Mirvat Alasnag, Haitham Amin, Ali Nazmi Calik, Ali Almasood, Abdullah Alenezi, Nouf Alanazi, Abdulrahman Almoghairi, Hadi Abu-Hantash, Khaled Almerri

Saudi Medical Journal

Bifurcation lesions are among the most challenging in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), with outcomes affected by anatomy, side-branch disease, and procedural variability. Existing European definitions and strategies require adaptation for Middle Eastern populations, where diabetes, obesity, and hypertension are highly prevalent and present earlier. The Middle East Bifurcation Club (MEBC), with the National Heart Center, used the Nominal Group Technique to standardize bifurcation PCI terminology, techniques, and treatment pathways tailored to regional demographics. The consensus provides evidence-based recommendations on imaging, provisional and 2-stent strategies, POT, and left main versus non-left main bifurcations, alongside practical algorithms and heart team guidance, highlighting …

Rethinking Health-Care Efficiency: A Call For A Multi-Dimensional Framework For Assessing Healthcare System Efficiency, Yasser K. Alotaibi, Ali N. Alharbi

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Prevalence Of Brca1 And Brca2 Germline Mutations In Western Saudi Patients With Epithelial Tubo-Ovarian Carcinoma, Wala Mehros, Faisal Aldaheri, Anas Alqarni, Saif Aljehani, Abdulrahman Alnamlah, Alaa Althubaiti, Safaa Huneef, Hatim Jifree

Saudi Medical Journal

Objective: Ovarian cancer represents the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, the epithelial type (EOC) being the most common. BRCA gene mutations are associated with ovarian cancer, younger age at presentation, strong family history of EOC, and multiple malignancies in a single patient. This study calculated the rate of BRCA-positive EOC and compared BRCA-mutated vs non-mutated EOC cases. Methods: This retrospective cohort study, conducted at Princess Noura Oncology Center between May 2016 and December 2023, explored outcomes in BRCA-positive EOC patients. The inclusion criteria covered all EOC cases. A total of 70 patients were selected. Results: Of the 70 …

The Nephroprotective Effects Of Dulaglutide In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes And Chronic Kidney Disease: A Multicenter Saudi Arabian Study, Maha H. Jamal, Hassan A. Alzahrani, Duaa M. Bakhshwin, Ranya A. Ghamri, Fatmah S. Binzomah, Wisam H. Jamal, Moaz W. Abulfaraj

Saudi Medical Journal

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of dulaglutide in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 212 patients with CKD (stages 1–4) and T2DM treated with once-weekly dulaglutide (1.5 mg) for either 12 or 24 months at three tertiary care centers in Saudi Arabia from January 2021 to December 2023. Safety was assessed based on the presence of adverse events. Efficacy was measured using the changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and body mass index (BMI). Changes in efficacy outcomes were …