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The Pacific Sentinel, May 2023, Portland State University. Student Publications Board

The Pacific Sentinel

Editor: Dan Chilton

Articles in this issue include:

• Letter From the Editor
• Ghosts of Plant & Place
• Everybody Reads Ozeki
• Shrinking: Rethinking New Approaches to Therapy
• Braiding Sweetgrass
• Lana Del Rey Album Review
• The Perseverance of R*pe Culture in Rock & Metal
• Pay What You Will, Take What You Need
• What We're Enjoying
• Comics & Games

Compliance Of National Tdm Rules With International Copyright Law: An Overrated Nonissue?, Martin Senftleben

Joint PIJIP/TLS Research Paper Series

Seeking to devise an adequate regulatory framework for text and data mining (TDM), countries around the globe have adopted different approaches. While considerable room for TDM can follow from the application of fair use provisions (US) and broad statutory exemptions (Japan), countries in the EU rely on a more restrictive regulation that is based on specific copyright exceptions. Surveying this spectrum of existing approaches, lawmakers in countries seeking to devise an appropriate TDM regime may wonder whether the adoption of a restrictive approach is necessary in the light of international copyright law. In particular, they may feel obliged to ensure …

Rats Lacking Ucp1 Present A Novel Translational Tool For The Investigation Of Thermogenic Adaptation During Cold Challenge, Jaycob D. Warfel, Carrie M. Elks, David S. Bayless, Bolormaa Vandanmagsar, Allison C. Stone, Samuel E. Velasquez, Paola Olivares-Nazar, Robert C. Noland, Sujoy Ghosh, Jingying Zhang, Randall L. Mynatt

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Aim: Valuable studies have tested the role of UCP1 on body temperature maintenance in mice, and we sought to knockout Ucp1 in rats (Ucp1−/−) to provide insight into thermogenic mechanisms in larger mammals. Methods: We used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to create Ucp1−/− rats. Body weight and adiposity were measured, and rats were subjected to indirect calorimetry. Rats were maintained at room temperature or exposed to 4°C for either 24 h or 14 days. Analyses of brown and white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle were conducted via histology, western blot comparison of oxidative phosphorylation proteins, and qPCR to compare mitochondrial DNA levels …

Mindfulness-Based Gratitude: Curriculum Guide For An Online Six-Week Course, Anne Marie Pfeiffer

Mindfulness Studies Theses

This is a two-part paper. The first part of the paper presents research on how both mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) and gratitude interventions (GIs) offer a promising way to help mitigate the physiological and psychological effects caused by chronic stress by increasing one’s overall sense of well-being (Keng et al., 2011; Wood et al., 2010). Individually, mindfulness and gratitude practices may enhance positive effect and well-being, which suggest that combining both practices may further increase positive outcomes (Hicks et al., 2017) due to their complementary nature. However, research should be approached with caution as there are many methodological limitations that need …

Communicate To Connect: Kate Bornstein, X González, And Judy Shepard Reflect On Self-Awareness Strategies And Presenting To Inspire Social Change, Sarah M. Kipp

Educational Studies Dissertations

People throughout the centuries have used public presentation to effect social change. This qualitative case study was designed to explore the various ways that self-awareness affects high-profile presenters committed to effecting social change. Through prespecified criterion sampling, three presenters—Kate Bornstein, X González, and Judy Shepard—were selected and agreed to participate in this study. The primary approach to data collection was in-depth, semi-structured interviews. A document review (print and media) was conducted as a second approach to data collection. Using transcriptions of the interviews and texts from the document review, two rounds of coding were completed. The initial round of coding …

Exploring Physician Assistant Students' Perceptions Of Stress And Help Seeking Behavior, Kayla Cetrone

Educational Studies Dissertations

Physician Assistant (PA) students, similar to other students enrolled in medical education, experience a variety of stressors throughout their education and training that can inhibit their academic and clinical success and affect patient care outcomes. The purpose of this mixed-methods research study was to explore PA students' and alumni's perceived stressors, their experiences of the stressors, and the help-seeking behaviors they employ and perceive as useful to address them. Following an explanatory sequential design, all PA students and alumni (n = 288) from one program in the northeast were invited to complete an anonymous online survey assessing their perceptions and …

Do We Belong? Promoting A Sense Of Belonging In Lgbtq Youth Through Artistic Community Engagement: A Literature Review, Patricia Moran

Expressive Therapies Capstone Theses

This literature review examines the potential of collaborative art making as a tool to foster a sense of belonging in today’s gender and sexual minority youth who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ). Living with a unique layer of minority stress, LGBTQ youth are at high risk for developing mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation due to ostracization and rejection from their families and communities. By reviewing the implementation of collaborative art making to bring together other marginalized groups across cultural backgrounds as well as the use of art making with LGBTQ youth …

Whatever It Takes: A Literature Review Exploring The Psychological Cost Of Actor Training And How Drama Therapy Can Help, Kelsey Burke

Expressive Therapies Capstone Theses

This review examines the literature as it relates to the psychological and emotional impact of professional training programs for student-actors. Special attention is paid to student-actors’ developmental stage, mental health and trauma history, possible exposure to sexual harassment in rehearsal or classroom settings, specific acting techniques taught, and power dynamics between student-actors and acting teachers. Also examined is data on the potential effects that the application of trauma-informed drama therapy approaches could have on this population. This is followed by a proposed outline for a supervision-style class for student-actors led by a drama therapist intended to introduce drama therapeutic principles …

Self Determination Theory And Expressive Arts Therapy: A Path To Needs Satisfaction And Mindful Autonomous Motivation, Sara Truitt

Expressive Therapies Capstone Theses

This literature explores supporting mindful autonomous motivation by meeting basic psychological needs using expressive arts therapies. Self-determination theory was created from the extensive research of two psychologists, Edward Deci and Richard Ryan. The theory proposes that an increase in well-being and personal growth can be achieved by meeting the psychological needs for competence, relatedness, and autonomy (Reeve & Lee, 2019, p. 102). This paper investigates how various theories in expressive art therapy can be used to support psychological need satisfaction. The examination includes the therapeutic relationship, the expressive therapies approach and examples of populations impacted by frustrated need satisfaction. The …

War In Heaven: The Archdeacon's Embodiment Of Charles Williams' Coinherence, Germeen Tanas

Student Works

Charles Williams published War in Heaven in 1930, the first of his seven supernatural novels. In War in Heaven, Archdeacon Julian Davenant of Castra Parvulorum is the unlikely hero who embodies calm goodness. War in Heaven’s dramatic arc focuses on a struggle to control the legendary Holy Grail, the chalice that the characters believe Jesus used at the Last Supper, and brutal spiritual warfare. Amid a turning and twisting plot, Williams infuses the text with the theological concepts of coinherence, substitution, and exchange. In pivotal scenes, Williams imbues the Archdeacon’s words and actions with his theological framework. In …

How Political Aspirations Conceived A Dramatic Linguistic Shift, Sean Mcconnell

Student Works

The 1066 Norman Conquest presents a specific instance of how conflicting political ambitions stimulated a substantial historical and social shift. On the political front, King Harold II and William the Conqueror possessed differing motives in their quest for the English crown. The political conflict witnessed contention between two groups that spoke entirely different languages: the Anglo-Saxons speaking Old English and the Normans speaking Norman French. The Norman victory in 1066 would have long-lasting implications for England and the English language. After the Normans conquered, Old English lost its prominence in England, initiating a linguistic transitional period. As a consequence of …

Georgia Library Spotlight: Azalea After Hours, Ivy Corder

Georgia Library Quarterly

No abstract provided.

Mega-Threats And The Impact Of Traumatic Stress On Mixed Race Leader-Member Exchange Dyads, Alana M. Bell

Graduate Theses and Dissertations (2019 - present)

This dissertation explores the consequences of mega-threats - defined by Leigh and Melwani (2019, p. 564) as large-scale negative identity related episodes that receive significant media attention - on the exchange relationship between employees and supervisors in mixed race dyads. Drawing specific attention to mega-threats centered around Black Americans, I propose that race-based traumatic stress leads minority (i.e., Black) subordinates, to experience a decrease in leader-member exchange (LMX) quality with their majority identifying (i.e., White) leader. I further propose that leader intercultural sensitivity will moderate the relationship between race-based traumatic stress and LMX quality, with high leader intercultural sensitivity helping …

Therapists’ Observations In Reduction Of Unpleasant Emotions Following Advanced Integrative Therapy Interventions, Gregory Brown, Kavita Batra, Suzie Hong, Robert Sottile, Raveena Bakhru, Emily Dorin

Psychiatry & Behavioral Health Faculty Research

Energy Psychology has evolved into a general field with hundreds of research studies to support efficacy: these range from RCTs to functional brain imagery, to physiological correlates, to meta-analyses. The vast majority of research within EP has been focused on the Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) authored by Gary Craig, PhD.

Advanced Integrative Therapy: Origins, Research, Theory, And Practice, Gregory P. Brown, Elizabeth V. Pace, Tabatha Bird Weaver

Psychiatry & Behavioral Health Faculty Research

Advanced Integrative Therapy (AIT) is a novel therapy grounded in Energy Psychology combined with cognitive and somatic therapy techniques. As more research is being conducted into the efficacy of AIT and other trauma-based therapies, there is a need to define the modality more clearly for researchers, the clinical community, and potential clients. This article aims to discuss the theory behind AIT and its mechanism of action, compare it with other somatic trauma and Energy Psychology techniques, and explore the gap in the available data and knowledge of AIT. Additionally, a case study will be discussed to report on the potential …

I Come Creeping: Remembering The Battle Of Blair Mountain In Graphic Narrative, Ellie James

Senior Honors Theses

Between August 24 and September 4 of 1921, approximately 10,000 West Virginia coal miners marched to Blair Mountain in Logan County in a militant stand for their right to unionize. Despite its status as the largest labor uprising in United States history, few know or understand the impact of the Battle of Blair Mountain today, even within the borders of West Virginia. This creative project aims to contribute to ongoing efforts to memorialize this period of the West Virginia Mine Wars through the creation of a 10-page comic, titled I Come Creeping, which depicts and is informed by the …

Design And Synthesis Of Peripherally Selective Endocannabinoid Enzyme Inhibitors For Ocular Indications, Kezia Reji Thomas

Senior Honors Theses

Peripherally selective compounds have been found to stimulate endocannabinoid receptor activity, which has been observed to have positive physiological effects such as ocular wound healing and inflammation control. The activation of the cannabinoid 1 receptor via binding of the endogenous ligands, anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, has been indicated to elicit these effects. Both ligands are controlled by two hydrolase enzymes, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), which can be targeted for therapeutic inhibition. Sulfonamide derivatives of JZL195 containing carbamate functionalities in the southern region of the inhibitor compounds were produced using novel carbamate exchange reactions. Polar functionalities were …

Online Vs On-Site: Navigating The Tension Between Curating Content And Cultivating Connections For Children In The Post-Pandemic Church, Mckinzie Marcus

Senior Honors Theses

The common Christian cliche “church is not a place, but rather a people” was challenged by the Coronavirus pandemic of early 2020. With the traditional means of assembling in physical spaces unavailable, congregations worldwide resigned themselves to adapting their in-person programs into internet assemblies. As churches step into the post-pandemic era, it is important to consider the implications of this forced shift, especially as it relates to children’s ministry. A consideration of traditional messages and trending methods is necessary. Twenty-first century children’s ministries must seek a healthy balance between curating content and cultivating connections for the children in their churches.

Small But Mighty: Examing The Utility Of Microstatistics In Modeling Ice Hockey, Matt Palmer

Senior Honors Theses

As research into hockey analytics continues, an increasing number of metrics are being introduced into the knowledge base of the field, creating a need to determine whether various stats are useful or simply add noise to the discussion. This paper examines microstatistics – manually tracked metrics which go beyond the NHL’s publicly released stats – both through the lens of meta-analytics (which attempt to objectively assess how useful a metric is) and modeling game probabilities. Results show that while there is certainly room for improvement in understanding and use of microstats in modeling, the metrics overall represent an area of …

A Pathophysiological, Clinical, And Epidemiological View Of Malaria, Alyssa Watt

Senior Honors Theses

Malaria is a parasitic disease that is common among all ages in tropical and subtropical countries. Annually, there are an estimated 3.3 billion people in 97 countries at risk of contracting malaria. Malaria has been a major global health problem throughout history and is a leading cause of death and disease for many within tropical regions. In the past decade, efforts, such advances in medicine and insecticide techniques, have reduced the prevalence of malaria by 50% which suggests that the elimination of this disease is possible. With the prevalence of malaria and recent reduction, it is vital to aid in …

Developmental Coordination Disorder: An Overview Of Motor Learning, Etiology, And Intervention Strategies, Allyson Waller

Senior Honors Theses

Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by motor impairments resulting from disrupted communication between the body’s nervous system and muscular system. Individuals affected with this disorder struggle with several physical, neurological, and psychological challenges and deal with decreased functionality in activities of daily living (ADLs). Proposed intervention strategies for this population are aimed at the holistic development of a child’s motor coordination skills that enable them to participate in ADLs. Therapeutic approaches involving task-oriented elements help promote positive skill transfer to the context of a child’s daily environment. For the best results, formal treatment should be supplemented …

Effect On Focusing Fields By Ferromagnetic Cell Cores In Linear Induction Accelerators, Cooper Guillaume

Senior Honors Theses

In the Los Alamos National Laboratories DARHT facility, there are two perpendicular linear induction accelerators, LIAs. The LIAs’ solenoids produce magnetic fields which focus the electron beam. Simultaneously, the accelerating pulse creates a magnetic field. These two field intensities act upon a ferromagnetic material in the cells to enhance magnetic flux density. Due to the nonlinearity of the material, this flux density will reach a saturation point. In turn, the magnetic field intensity of the axial solenoidal magnetic field will be affected and slightly altered. The width of the electron beam will increase, causing a decrease in effectiveness. Through simulation, …

Limitations And Potential Improvements To The Effectiveness Of Geothermal Energy Implementation In North America, Jacob Hay

Senior Honors Theses

The study of the composition and processes of the interior of the Earth has been the subject of interest in various fields. The analysis of heat transfer in the Earth’s interior, in particular, is an area that has tremendous potential to impact other fields, especially that of renewable energy. Geothermal power utilizes the heat beneath the Earth’s surface to generate electricity and offers the potential to significantly reduce carbon emissions by lowering the quantity of fossil fuels burned by coal- and gas-fired power plants. This paper analyzes the science behind geothermal energy, including its limitations and potential improvements that could …

Successes And Failures Of War And The Shifting Landscape: An Analysis Of The Dynamic Relationship Between The Elements Of The Clausewitzian Trinity, Hannah Crosby

Senior Honors Theses

In his writing On War, Carl von Clausewitz explained the nonlinear nature of war and the inevitable chaos that occurs during times of conflict. Fundamental to his theory of war is the Clausewitzian Trinity, comprised of three elements: the people, the military, and the government. In the text, he emphasized the intrinsic relationship of these variables, observing that political objectives are the original motives for war. As such, the inherent values of the people will have a direct impact on the success of any war. In an examination of various military conflicts since the time of World War II, …

Forensic Entomotoxicology: The Effects Of Drugs On The Life Cycle And Succession Of Forensically Important Insects, Kylie Stillion

Senior Honors Theses

Forensic entomotoxicology is a rising branch of forensic science that is utilized with the intent of adapting current methodologies to reflect the effects of drugs more accurately on forensically important insects’ life cycles and succession patterns. This branch of forensic science is often used for post-mortem interval estimation and, as such, has a large impact on the course of a criminal investigation. It is also utilized to determine toxins in corpses that are further along in decomposition or lacking enough tissue to run a toxicological analysis.

Several studies have been conducted to determine how certain drugs will affect the life …

The Impact Of Music Therapy On Language Acquisition In Children With Nonverbal Autism, Alecia Bernau

Senior Honors Theses

Through an experimental method, the researcher investigated whether children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are more likely to develop verbal communication skills after consistent exposure to songs with lyrics. Six children with nonverbal ASD were exposed to the same song with lyrics, with the goal of increased vocalization and language acquisition. Over nine sessions, subjects were pulled to participate in the experiment. The researcher played the song for the participants, recording the responses from each trial and categorizing them as either full words, verbal approximations, or miscellaneous verbalizations. The findings of the study suggest that there is a relationship between …

Antitrust For Dominant Digital Platforms: An Alternative To The Monopoly Power Standard To Restore Competition, Jordan Ramsey

Senior Honors Theses

Antitrust law is meant to promote competition by prohibiting anticompetitive business practices such as mergers and acquisitions as well as exclusionary conduct. Judicial interpretation of antitrust law has allowed dominant digital platforms to undertake anticompetitive actions without prosecution. The Sherman Antitrust Act should be amended to remove the monopoly power standard that allows firms to engage in anticompetitive conduct as long as the conduct does not create or uphold monopoly power. The amendment would make anticompetitive conduct illegal regardless of monopoly power, as long as six proof requirements are met. This would result in lessened market concentration, which would benefit …

The Impact Of Flight On Cabin Crew Wellness: A Literature Review, Ashleigh Roderick

Senior Honors Theses

Since its conception in 1903, aviation has captivated the attention of people across the globe and has been utilized in many sectors of society. Aviation related occupations pose a unique set of risks to those working in the field, health risks being one of the most prominent. Cancer, cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal ailments, and genetic damage have all been studied as potential consequences of working in the aviation industry, as some studies indicate a higher prevalence of these issues in aviation employees. Apart from physiological issues, mental health issues have also been observed in those working in aviation. Mental health issues …

The Theory Of Shot Composition Applied To Various Genres Of Film, Elizabeth Scott

Senior Honors Theses

I am fascinated by the composition of shots in movies, specifically as it applies to the various different genres. However, there seems to be a lack of research into this particular area of the theory of composition. In that case, I am planning to research the history and theory of shot composition as it applies to films throughout the history of film and into modern times. This will be supplemented by my own experience in the Fall of 2022 where I will be a Director of Photography for four individual films of varying genres as well as by a film …

The Development And Use Of The Probabilistic Financial Decision Model For A Company Expansion, Elizabeth Wiese

Senior Honors Theses

In the United States, companies are expanding constantly. However, in an industrial equipment dealership expanding into a new state, it is important to understand the industry, new market, and costs associated with expanding. With using financial statements of data-backed percentages for growth, research seeks to set up a financial model to see if expansion for an industrial equipment dealership into the state of North Carolina will be a financially wise decision. Wesley Worldwide, an industrial equipment dealership, is moving forward with the investment of expanding into North Carolina. However, it is vital to understand the financial predictions for profit return …