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Effects Of A Recurrent Selection Scheme, Applied To An Interspecific Hybrid Pennisetum Purpureum Schum. (Elephantgrass) X Pennisetum Glaucum (L.) R. Br. Stuntz (Pearl Millet), On Several Seed Quality Parameters, R. Usberti, J. A. Usberti Jr., R. H. Aguiar, L. M. T. A. Carneiro, J. B. Fantinati, F. G. Francisco

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Elephantgrass cultivars and introductions show practically no viable pure seeds and their uses in cultivated grasslands are exclusively dependent on vegetative propagation. Therefore, in large areas, sowing operation costs make unfeasible setting up new pastures. On the other hand, pearl millet is a high seed producer species though presenting some forage constraints (poor forage production, low regrowth potential after cutting or grazing and low field persistence). Recently, an hexaploid interespecific hybrid between the two species was developed (Schank & Diz, 1996), which is able to produce viable pure seeds, in variable amounts according to the genotype considered (Diz & Schank, …

Participatory Collection Of Forage Species In Uruguay, Mónica Rebuffo, Federico Condon, María José Cuitiño

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Local landraces are potential valuable gene sources with benefits for local agriculture. However, their in situ conservation depends on the personal motivation of farmers and the permanence of traditional farming methods (Negri, 2003). There is the latent risk of loosing landraces and site-specific naturalized germplasm due to rapid socio-economic changes in Uruguayan agriculture. Participatory conservation can provide the necessary synergy between farmers, extension services, geneticists and genebank to achieve the goal of conserving these genetic resources. Although farmers' involvement in germplasm collection is common, particularly for vegetable crops, most forage collections had been done from fields or sideroad areas, therefore …

Analyses Of Genetic Change In Grass-Clover Based Systems Over Time, A. Ghesquiere, K. Mehdikhanlov, M. Malengier, J. De Riek

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Since the use of nitrogen fertilisers is reduced, swards based on grass-clover mixtures regain importance in grassland production. Management of these swards is more complicated than the management of pure grass swards. The population structure will develop in response to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this study we will test the genetic change in the clover components of grass-clover mixtures.

Genetic Diversity In Festuca Species As Shown By Aflp, X. Q. Zhang, S. S. Bughrara

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Fescues (Festuca spp.) are widely occurring temperate grasses with more than 450 species that represent a vast resource for genetic improvement of turfgrass and forage cultivars. Fescues are normally outcrossing species and exhibit many ploidy levels(x=7). Much of the work in classification of Festuca is predominantly based on morphological and cytological features. Difficulties in morphological characterization, which are largely subjected to environmental influences, have resulted in many synonymous species and uncertainties in phylogenetic relationships. DNA fingerprinting is considered a more stable and reliable technique to explore genetic diversity and relationships.

Does Aflp Diversity Reflect Consanguinity Within Meadow Fescue Breeding Material?, B. Boller, R. Kölliker

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Cultivars of perennial grass species are usually synthetics with a limited number of constituent parental clones, prone to inbreeding depression. Plant breeders aim at a balance between intensity of selection and maintenance of genetic diversity when making their choice of parent clones in an intuitive way, aided by fragmentary pedigree information. Molecular markers offer new opportunities for assessing genetic diversity among selected plants. The objective of the investigation presented here is to check if the genetic distance as measured by AFLP polymorphisms reflects consanguinity among Festuca pratensis individuals from our breeding programme.

Genetic Variability Between Adapted Populations Of Annual Ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum Lam) In Argentina, A. Andrés, B. S. Rosso, J. De Battista, M. Acuña

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is one of the most important annual grasses used in Argentina because it adapts better to the intensive animal system of the Humid Pampas than other annual forage grass. Although much research has been done to study its productive potential and management technologies, little work has focused on breeding and selection. There is ample evidence that genetic variability occurs within grass species (Snaydon, 1987; Andrés and Barufaldi, 1997) both in morphology and physiology. As a result the variation of attributes related with yield potential, quality and adaptation to different management systems, is often used …

Analysis Of Genetic Changes In Single-Variety Ryegrass Swards, C. Straub, G. Boutet, Christian Huyghe

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Ryegrass varieties are synthetics, with a wide within-variety genetic variance for most traits. Ryegrass swards are likely to experience genetic changes with seasons and years because of plant death, asymmetric vegetative reproduction or plant recruitment through reproduction or seed immigration. These changes may be related to or induce changes in agronomic traits, such as biomass production or dry matter composition. The present research was undertaken to measure genetic changes in swards obtained from sowings of a single variety of ryegrass. These changes were evaluated using both neutral molecular markers and morphological traits. The present paper deals with the molecular markers.

Population Genetics Of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne L.): Differentiation Of Pasture And Turf Cultivars, M. P. Dobrowolski, N. R. Bannan, R. C. Ponting, J. W. Forster, K. F. Smith

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Cultivar differentiation using molecular markers to assess genetic variation may be of value in obtaining or protecting plant breeders rights. A knowledge of genetic variation and how it is structured within perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) populations will also help us understand the consequences to fitness and adaptation when implementing molecular breeding strategies. In a study of the population genetic structure of a number of perennial ryegrass varieties we examined the cultivar differentiation potential of marker technology.

Genetic Diversity And Heterosis In Perennial Ryegrass, U. K. Posselt

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Plant breeders are concerned with the diversity among and within breeding populations, because it largely determines the future prospects of success in breeding programs. DNA markers provide a powerful tool for the assessment of genetic diversity. The relationship between genetic diversity and heterosis has been investigated in several species (Melchinger, 1999). In hybrid breeding programs divergent genepools have been established in the past, according to heterotic patterns based on testcross information. In the last decade it has been shown, that new breeding materials can be assigned to already existing gene pools using molecular markers. The phenomenon of heterosis has been …

Tracing The Origins Of Timothy Species (Phleum Sp.), A. V. Stewart, A. Joachimiak, N. W. Ellison

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The section Phleum of the genus Phleum contains 3 species groups and, depending on the taxonomic classification used, these may be treated as 3 or 6 individual species (Joachimiak & Kula, 1997; Joachimiak, 2004). Firstly, there is the P. pratense group consisting of a series of diploid, tetraploid, hexaploid and octoploid forms. The diploid (2n=14) is usually known as Phleum bertolonii (syn. P. pratense spp bertolonii: syn P. nodosum) and/or P. hubbardii, while the tetraploid, hexaploid and octoploid are known as P. pratense. Secondly there is the P. alpinum group consisting of 2 contrasting diploid species, …

Rflp Analyses Of Chloroplast Dna Of The Crested Wheatgrasses, K. P. Vogel, D. J. Lee, C. A. Caha

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The crested wheatgrasses (Agropyron spp.) are widely distributed Eurasian grasses that have been used to re-vegetate millions of hectares of land in the northern plains and intermountain areas of North America. The genus consists of about 10 species that are based on the ‘P’ genome and includes diploids (2n = 14), tetraploids (2n = 28) and octoploids (2n = 42) (Dewey, 1984, Vogel et al., 1999). The two main agronomic species used in North America are A. cristatum (L.) Gaertner and A. desertorum (Fischer ex Link) Schultes. Chloroplast genomes are predominately maternally inherited through the …

Genetic Structure Of Mongolian Wheatgrass (Agroypron Mongolicum Keng) In Inner Mongolia Of China, Y. Jinfeng, Z. Mengli, X. Xinmin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Mongolia wheatgrass (Agroypron mongolicum) is a cross-pollinated, long-lived, cool-season and drought-resistant perennial bunchgrass, which plays an important role in arid and semi-arid grasslands of Inner Mongolia. Collections of A. mongolicum from different areas of Inner Mongolia are valuable sources of useful genes for its breeding. The genetic diversity of 8 accessions of A. mongolicum were examined in this study. A dendrogram was constructed to obtain information on the relationship between cultivated and wild A. mongolicum genotypes, which is basic information to explore the possibility of its use in intra- and inter-specific breeding programs.

Characterisation Of Naturalised Populations Of Thinopyrum Ponticum Podp Through Indexes Obtained Under Saline Stress, S. M. Pistorale, A. Andrés, O. Bazzigalupi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Argentina has 2.5 million hectares considered marginal for agriculture, with salinity problems that limit productivity. Among the adapted species, Thinopyrum ponticum is one of the perennial grasses worth mentioning because of its adaptation to lowland and salty soils. On soils with low osmotic potentials, available water is reduced, and toxicity due to ion concentration arises. Salt tolerance is genetically determined and its improvement is similar to any other character in that requires genetic variability and evaluation methods to identify superior genotypes. Due to the essentially low-intensity livestock production in Argentina, and the soil limitations in marginal environments, the characterisation and …

Analysis Of Bromus Inermis Populations Using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Markers To Identify Duplicate Accessions, V. L. Bradley, T. J. Kisha

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The temperate grass germplasm collection maintained at the USDA, ARS Western Regional Plant Introduction Station (WRPIS) in Pullman, Washington, consists of more than 18,000 accessions. Passport and collection data suggest that some of these accessions are duplicates, and their maintenance unnecessarily drains limited resources. The objective of this study was to use Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) marker analysis on 4 populations of smooth bromegrass, Bromus inermis Leyss. subsp. inermis `Manchar ́, a cross-pollinated perennial grass, to determine if the genetic variation among them was significant. If not, then maintaining separate populations would be unnecessary.

Genetic Characterization Of Prairie Grass (Bromus Catharticus Vahl.) Natural Populations, R. Sellaro, E. M. Pagano, B. S. Rosso, P. Rimieri, R. D. Rios

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Prairie grass, Bromus catharticus Vahl., is a winter annual or biennial grass, native of South America which is widely distributed in the Pampeana area of Argentina and also cultivated in temperate regions of the world. Morphophysiological traits are currently used to assess the variability from natural populations and cultivars of this species. Molecular markers, which are not influenced by the environment, allow a more accurate assessment of genetic variability. Previous results from our group (Puecher et al., 2001a) showed a narrow genetic basis for the prairie grass cultivars used in Argentina. On the other hand, we also observed that …

Efficient In Vitro Regeneration System From Seed Derived Callus Of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne) And Annual Ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum), S. Chennareddy, R. V. Sairam, S. L. Goldman

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The commercially important ryegrasses in cool temperate climates throughout the world are annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L). Improvements through conventional breeding have been slow as they are usually heterozygous and highly self-infertile. Hence, there is a need to use modern biotechnological tools to the development of improved rye grass cultivars for incorporating value added traits. Successful transformation of rye grasses has been done using suspension cells, which is time consuming and laborious (Spangenberg et al., 1995, 1998). We report here a rapid and highly efficient in vitro plant regeneration system from …

Inducible Over-Expression Of The Cbf3 Abiotic Stress Regulon In Transgenic Bahiagrass (Paspalum Notatum Flugge), V. A. James, F. Altpeter

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Bahiagrass is an important turf and forage grass in the Southern US and in the subtropical regions around the world. The objective of this experiment was to further enhance the productivity and persistence of bahiagrass during seasonal periods of drought and / or freezing and in salt affected regions by over-expression of the stress inducible transcription factor CBF3. Transcription factors like CBF3 are capable of activating the expression of multiple genes involved in protection against environmental stresses (Kasuga et al., 1999).

Modulation Of The Gibberellin Content In Transgenic Turf-Type Bahiagrass For Improved Turf Characteristics And Reduced Mowing Requirements, F. Altpeter, M. Agharkar, H. Zhang

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Bahiagrass is extensively used for utility turf along highways and for residential lawns in the southern USA and in the subtropical regions around the world. The objective of this experiment was to enhance turf quality of bahiagrass and reduce the mowing frequency by over-expression of a gibberellin catabolizing enzyme, Gibberellin 2-oxidase.

Survey Of Experiences During The Holocaust, Gisela Adamski

Survey of Experiences During the Holocaust

No abstract provided.

Survey Of Experiences During The Holocaust, Bart R. Stern

Survey of Experiences During the Holocaust

No abstract provided.

Survey Of Experiences During The Holocaust, Sala Grinblatt

Survey of Experiences During the Holocaust

No abstract provided.

Survey Of Experiences During The Holocaust, Maja Abramowitch

Survey of Experiences During the Holocaust

No abstract provided.

Survey Of Experiences During The Holocaust, Lori Levmore

Survey of Experiences During the Holocaust

No abstract provided.

Survey Of Experiences During The Holocaust, Anonymous None

Survey of Experiences During the Holocaust

No abstract provided.

Survey Of Experiences During The Holocaust, Madeline Mady Deutsch

Survey of Experiences During the Holocaust

No abstract provided.

Correlation Between Quadriceps And Hamstring Isokinetic Strength To Ball Velocity During A Soccer Kick, Maggie L. Plouff, Miah L. Busse, Mikayla J. Pieper, Brady Ferguson, Aaron M. Baker

Research & Creative Achievement Day

When kicking a soccer ball, large forces are generated by the quadriceps and hamstring muscles that extend and flex the knee. The angular acceleration[GJR1] at this joint and the torques produced are[GJR2] related.

PURPOSE: The goal of this pilot study was to explore the relationship between isokinetic strength[GJR3] of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles to velocity of a kicked soccer ball and determine if isokinetic testing of quadriceps and hamstring strength can predict soccer ball velocity during a kick.

Methods: Four female NCAA Division II soccer athletes completed maximal effort knee flexion and extension at three isokinetic speeds, 60°/second, …

An Analysis Of Major League Baseball Sabermetrics, Zack O. Fuller

Research & Creative Achievement Day

With baseball becoming an increasingly competitive sport, professional baseball teams are looking to the statistical side of the sport to find ways to win more games. With my analysis, I studied baseball statistics to look for interesting patterns and relationships. For example, I investigated the effect of a trade on a player's performance (both batters and pitchers) and analyzed the relationship between a player's performance and salary. My analysis also determined the statistics teams should utilize to win more games. To effectively analyze these patterns and relationships, visualizations were made in Tableau, and linear models were fit with R. Overall, …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Double Cross-Linked Pvpms Aerogels, Olivia B. Zill

Research & Creative Achievement Day

Aerogels have been rising to the surface as a material of interest for many practical applications. Aerogels are classified as "dried gels with a very high relative pore volume".1 The practical applications of aerogels include thermal insulators, electrical conductors, sensors, as well as optical applications and more.2–5 Aerogels are typically created through supercritical drying, in which the liquid in a sol-gel is turned into gas without destroying the structure of the gel. However this process requires high pressures and temperatures and the solvents used are highly flammable and unsafe at these conditions.6 The purpose of this research experiment is to …

Using 3d Printing To Illustrate Protein Modularity And Dynamics, Joanna M. Dinesen

Research & Creative Achievement Day

Many important enzymes are part of multi-subunit complexes that involve complex movements and interactions that are difficult to visualize via traditional 2-dimensional diagrams or in visualization software. Physical, 3-dimensional models are an especially effective way to illustrate abstract concepts within the curriculum, including about protein dynamics, subunit functions, pathway architectures, and the nature of protein-protein interactions. The usage of physical models in the classroom has been successful when teaching concepts such as enzyme catalysis and protein refolding, quantized by increased exam scores and positive student feedback. Here, we present work done to 3D print publicly available protein structures of the …

Investigating The Comprehension Of Gpt's Interpretation Of Word Meanings, Longge Yuan

Research & Creative Achievement Day

ChatGPT is a large-scale language model developed by OpenAI. Its purpose is to start a conversation with people and provide them with information ranging from simple facts to more complex topics. Trained on a large amount of text data, ChatGPT has shown us that it can understand human language and respond in a meaningful way. In this paper, we show a way to judge whether ChatGPT can accurately understand the various meanings of words and use them based on the answers output by ChatGPT. The five dimensions, each scored up to 5 points, are word explanation, etymology, synonyms and antonyms, …