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238 - Biodiesel Production From Algal Lipids, Alejandro Lazaro, Sarah Mertson, Denise Ferrerira, Kathleen Lewis, Aiden Williams, Alex Wilkinson, Elizabeth Klosko Apr 2023

238 - Biodiesel Production From Algal Lipids, Alejandro Lazaro, Sarah Mertson, Denise Ferrerira, Kathleen Lewis, Aiden Williams, Alex Wilkinson, Elizabeth Klosko

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To many, algae are the pesky product of eutrophication in local lakes and ponds. In the laboratory, algae is a promising competitor for renewable resources of biodiesel. Algae not only ingests excess carbon emissions from the atmosphere, but, they also convert it into energy dense lipids, which can be harvested, and then transformed into biodiesel through process of transesterification. Despite the advantages, the amount of biodiesel produced is not significant enough to be considered a worthwhile option. Before the fuel industry can accept algae farming as a worthy alternative to fossil fuels, the reason for harvesting must be maximized further. …

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251 - Nano-Size Dependence Of Reversible Aggregation And Effect Of Ace2 By Sars-Cov-2 Spike-Protein Coated Gold Colloid, Madison Kieft Apr 2023

251 - Nano-Size Dependence Of Reversible Aggregation And Effect Of Ace2 By Sars-Cov-2 Spike-Protein Coated Gold Colloid, Madison Kieft

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In our research, we aimed to examine the behavior of the spike protein (s-protein) of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, on nano-gold colloid in the presence of ACE2 (angiotensin converting enzyme 2), which facilitates infection by binding to the s-protein. To do this, we coated gold colloid particles with the s-protein, ranging in size from 10 nm to 100 nm in diameter. We found that the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) band was sensitive to aggregation and exhibited a red shift at pH ~3. We monitored the peak of the SPR band alternately at pH ~3 and pH ~11 over …

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257 - Increasing Plant-Based Options On College Campuses To Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Gianna Minnuto Apr 2023

257 - Increasing Plant-Based Options On College Campuses To Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Gianna Minnuto

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Increasing the amount of plant-based options on college campuses could lead to great decreases in carbon emissions, and an improvement in student health, nationwide. Expanding the plant-based options on the SUNY Geneseo campus could encourage students to convert from a meat-based diet to a plant-based diet, which could contribute to a drastic decrease in greenhouse gas emissions from college campuses in the United States. SUNY Geneseo should consider expanding the plant-based options offered in its dining halls to better accommodate students who embrace or are interested in consuming a plant-based diet, which in turn would help decrease greenhouse gas emissions …

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265 - Visualizing Altered Gene Expression Of Clobetasol Treated Vulvar Carcinoma Cells With Raman Spectroscopy, Kia Haering Apr 2023

265 - Visualizing Altered Gene Expression Of Clobetasol Treated Vulvar Carcinoma Cells With Raman Spectroscopy, Kia Haering

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As epithelial carcinomas progress to a malignant state, the expression of tissue-specific genes is altered. In the case of vulvar epithelial carcinoma cell line A431, the tumor suppressor gene E-cadherin is expressed, as well as cytokeratins 8 and 18. E-cadherin is an integral membrane protein that facilitates cellular adhesion. Cytokeratins 8 and 18 are intermediate filaments located on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane and help resist mechanical stress. Clobetasol is a glucocorticoid that is used to treat vulvar lichen sclerosus, an inflammatory condition that predisposes patients to the development of vulvar carcinomas. When the cell line A431 is …

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312 - Differences In Farm Labor Protections On The National And State Levels: Impact On Farmers And Farm Labor In New York., Skylar Reed Apr 2023

312 - Differences In Farm Labor Protections On The National And State Levels: Impact On Farmers And Farm Labor In New York., Skylar Reed

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Using qualitative research methods, Skylar Reed highlights how recent state legislation has exacerbated existing tensions between New York farm owners and migrant farm workers. Until recently, the agricultural sector has not been included in the era of progressive labor reforms occurring in other sectors; however, new labor legislation in New York has created better working conditions for farm workers. Yet, these new policies now put New York farm owners at a competitive disadvantage compared to other states that use less restrictive national agricultural labor laws. Through content, policy, and interview analyses, Reed’s research explores how the differences between farm labor …

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351 - Drinking In The Dark (Did): A Mouse Model Of Keto Influenced Binge-Like Alcohol Intake In The C57bl/6j Mice, Alana Aga Apr 2023

351 - Drinking In The Dark (Did): A Mouse Model Of Keto Influenced Binge-Like Alcohol Intake In The C57bl/6j Mice, Alana Aga

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Binge drinking is a widespread problem that can have serious consequences for health and social behavior. Previous studies have shown that a ketogenic diet (KD) can reduce alcohol intake in rodents, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we used C57BL/6J mice to investigate the effect of a high fat KD diet on binge-like alcohol intake, and to determine if this intervention could lead to long-term changes in drinking behavior. Our results demonstrate that mice on a KD diet consumed less alcohol compared to those on a standard diet. Interestingly, female mice were found to be …

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116 - The Effects Of Tetrahydrocannabinol On Circadian Rhythmicity And The Response To Nicotine In Long-Evans Rats, Lauren Mac Taggart, Anna Hendricks, Joey Morgan, Vincent Markowski Apr 2023

116 - The Effects Of Tetrahydrocannabinol On Circadian Rhythmicity And The Response To Nicotine In Long-Evans Rats, Lauren Mac Taggart, Anna Hendricks, Joey Morgan, Vincent Markowski

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The marijuana legalization trend promotes the notion that cannabinoids such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) can be safe and effective medications for conditions such as insomnia. Unfortunately, exposure to THC during development has been shown to impair cognition and motor behavior in humans and laboratory animals. The current study used VitalView software and cage-top infrared activity monitors to quantify the effects of a range of THC doses on activity and circadian rhythms in adult rats that were exposed to THC throughout adolescence. Rats were further administered acute nicotine drug challenges to determine if THC altered the development of the acetylcholine neurotransmitter system. …

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122 - Using Crispr/Cas9 Genome Editing To Knockout Mhc Class I In Xenopus Laevis, Keely Glasheen, David Marx, Jacques Robert Apr 2023

122 - Using Crispr/Cas9 Genome Editing To Knockout Mhc Class I In Xenopus Laevis, Keely Glasheen, David Marx, Jacques Robert

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The immune system of the frog Xenopus laevis is similar to humans. MHC Class I is a vital molecule for the immune system of Xenopus laevis. It presents peptides to CD8 T-cells and the presentation of self peptide fragments is crucial for immune self recognition. When MHC Class I presents non-self peptide fragments, it triggers an immune response, causing CD8 T-cells to kill the infected cells. All cells express some level of MHC Class I because all cells can be infected. The role this molecule plays in immune function and self recognition is of particular interest in Xenopus laevis since …

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126 - The Effects Of Perinatal Or Peripubertal Exposure To Tetrahydrocannabinol On Developmental Milestones, Motor Behavior, And Somatosensation In Rats, Anna Hendricks, Lindsey Toole, Allyson Surowick, Danielle Roemer, Vincent Markowski Apr 2023

126 - The Effects Of Perinatal Or Peripubertal Exposure To Tetrahydrocannabinol On Developmental Milestones, Motor Behavior, And Somatosensation In Rats, Anna Hendricks, Lindsey Toole, Allyson Surowick, Danielle Roemer, Vincent Markowski

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Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the primary psychoactive agent in marijuana, one of the most popular recreational drugs in the world. As the legalization trend in the U.S. expands, more women are consuming THC during pregnancy and more teens are experimenting with the drug. Unfortunately, the effects of THC on fetal and adolescent brain development are poorly understood. The current study was designed to identify the developmental and somatomotor effects of THC exposure. Long-Evans rats were assigned to one of two cohorts: prenatal exposure where pregnant rats were administered THC from gestational day 1 to postnatal day 21 or juvenile exposure where …

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129 - Analysis Of Corpus Callosum And Ventricles In Brain Tissue Of Mk801/Cdppb Treated C57bl6/J Mice, Ryan Pelkey, Noah Massey, Evan Eshenaur, Zander Purcell, Vincent Markowski Apr 2023

129 - Analysis Of Corpus Callosum And Ventricles In Brain Tissue Of Mk801/Cdppb Treated C57bl6/J Mice, Ryan Pelkey, Noah Massey, Evan Eshenaur, Zander Purcell, Vincent Markowski

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The neurodevelopmental hypothesis depicts schizophrenia as a long-term consequence of aberrant development of the glutamate and dopamine neurotransmitter systems during the perinatal period. The drug MK-801 is a glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that produces schizophrenia-like symptoms in laboratory rodents when administered early in development. Our laboratory has been investigating whether CDPPB, a positive allosteric modulator of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5), would reverse the effects of MK-801. To test this, mice were first administered 0.25 mg/kg MK-801 as neonates, and later given 10.0 mg/kg CDBBD or saline during their juvenile period. Previously, our lab found that MK-801 produced …

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138 - Does The Sensory Room Work?, Chantal Martinez, Megan Keach, Ryan Mcdonald, Hollie Errington Apr 2023

138 - Does The Sensory Room Work?, Chantal Martinez, Megan Keach, Ryan Mcdonald, Hollie Errington

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Mental health in college students has been a continuous issue with many students suffering from anxiety and depression. Many students are particularly vulnerable to stress, which is correlated to academic underperformance, failure to fulfill academic obligations, and problematic health behaviors, such as substance abuse. A higher perceived stress level in university students can cause a poorer quality of life, well-being, and sleep quality. It is important to recognize coping strategies to relieve these mental health stressors. There are many resources available on campus to help students in regards to mental health, but the newly developed sensory room located in Monroe …

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146 - Localization Of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) Protein In Zebrafish, Muwafuq Ibrahim, Jacqueline Maloney, Christopher Jung, Zee Ralph, Isabell Mathew Apr 2023

146 - Localization Of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) Protein In Zebrafish, Muwafuq Ibrahim, Jacqueline Maloney, Christopher Jung, Zee Ralph, Isabell Mathew

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Zebrafish possess a unique ability to regenerate their retina when damaged; our objective is to gain a better understanding regarding retinal regeneration in zebrafish in hopes of eventually utilizing this information to promote retinal regeneration in humans. It has been shown that a protein, Sonic Hedgehog signaling protein (shh), plays a role in the differentiation of progenitor cells during eye development in zebrafish. Researchers have concluded that shh moves across the retina in a wave-like fashion during vertebrate development and regeneration. Studies have been conducted to see how the shh protein moves, but none have investigated the exact location that …

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162 - The Importance Of Chaf-1b And P53 In Zebrafish Apoptosis, Noé Stephens, Dhavan Brahmbhatt, Isabel Reitano-Stayer, Hannah Haws Apr 2023

162 - The Importance Of Chaf-1b And P53 In Zebrafish Apoptosis, Noé Stephens, Dhavan Brahmbhatt, Isabel Reitano-Stayer, Hannah Haws

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Chromatin assembly factor-1b (Caf-1b), one of the subunits of Chromatin assembly factor-1, is integral for retina differentiation in both humans and zebrafish. Fisher et. al found that apoptosis was stimulated in cells that lack Caf-1b at the S-phase check point by the tumor suppressor p53 as cells that lacked Caf-1b had a much higher expression of p53 then cells that contained Caf-1b. Fisher et. al proposed the model that Caf-1b is an inhibitor of p53 which stimulates apoptosis in the absence of Caf-1b (2007). However, it is not known what occurs when both Caf-1b and p53 are both removed. If …

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178 - Ketogenic Diet And Social Behavior In A Mouse Model Of Autism Spectrum Disorder, Macy Kuebler, Abigail Grzeskowiak, Emily Trabulsi, Abigail Schwartzman, Gabrielle Skiba Apr 2023

178 - Ketogenic Diet And Social Behavior In A Mouse Model Of Autism Spectrum Disorder, Macy Kuebler, Abigail Grzeskowiak, Emily Trabulsi, Abigail Schwartzman, Gabrielle Skiba

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Impaired social interaction is one of three key diagnostic criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Other criteria for ASD include repetitive behavior and impaired communication skills. This developmental condition is increasing within the United States, yet no cure is currently available. Ketogenic diet (KD) is a high fat, low carb diet proven to help many neurological issues in humans and reduce repetitive behavior in the mouse model. This study uses a FVB mouse model predisposed to developing stereotypical behaviors, specifically, repetitive circling to investigate the effects of KD on social and repetitive behavior. Subjects were old and young mice fed …

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182 - The Intricate Paradox Of Allyship In Collegiate Sport, Josephine Lewis Apr 2023

182 - The Intricate Paradox Of Allyship In Collegiate Sport, Josephine Lewis

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This research aims to explore how allyship is experienced among student-athletes. We conducted five focus groups to gauge first-hand stories of student-athletes who are members of culturally marginalized groups, as well as members from historically dominant groups. Specifically, the research focused on how student-athletes from various backgrounds attempt (or fail) to work together to jointly establish a sense of belonging on their collegiate sports teams. Using co-cultural theory and dominant group theory as theoretical frameworks, and focus groups as the method, the analysis reveals a paradox in how allyship is viewed between different groups. Such paradoxes included the themes of …

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187 - Modeling The Dynamics Of Chromosomal Alteration Progression In Cervical Cancer: A Computational Model, Mike Mascitti Apr 2023

187 - Modeling The Dynamics Of Chromosomal Alteration Progression In Cervical Cancer: A Computational Model, Mike Mascitti

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Cervical cancer is a complex disease characterized by unpredictable genetic alterations of cells. Computational modeling may be applied to simulate the growth and behavior of cervical cancer within a tissue and the progression of the disease throughout the body. In our computational model, individual cells have the ability to transform behavior between the following states: healthy, precursor lesion (CN1, CN2, CN3), and cancer. Each cell state has a different mutation rate, reproductive rate, and cell life span. Our model simulates the transformation of cells into these different states. The data from our computational model shows the day-to-day growth of cancer …

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195 - Targeting Telomeric And C-Myc G4 Dna As An Anticancer Approach, Alexander Michaels, Sameela Haidari, Courtney Fetzer Apr 2023

195 - Targeting Telomeric And C-Myc G4 Dna As An Anticancer Approach, Alexander Michaels, Sameela Haidari, Courtney Fetzer

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G-quadruplex (G4) DNA are non-canonical higher order DNA structures formed from guanine rich sequences, made up of stacked G-tetrads stabilized by non-Watson-Crick (Hoogsteen) base pairing and K+ ions. Early interests in G4 DNA were spurred on by the revelation that G4 was formed in telomeric DNA sequences at the end of our chromosomes. This was particularly promising given that G4 structures formed in telomeric DNA were also found to inhibit an enzyme known as telomerase, which is overexpressed (>90%) in cancer cells. Cancer cells require telomerase activity for survival and "immortality", therefore stabilization of telomeric G4 can inhibit …

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204 - How Does Change In Land Use Impact The Water Chemistry Parameters In The Streams Of Oswego County, Ny, Madison Steates, Thomas Back Apr 2023

204 - How Does Change In Land Use Impact The Water Chemistry Parameters In The Streams Of Oswego County, Ny, Madison Steates, Thomas Back

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Land use within a watershed is closely tied to stream water chemistry. Anthropogenic chemical inputs eventually make their way into streams, affecting fluvial ecosystems. Sources of these anthropogenic inputs change over time, especially when rural landscapes become increasingly urbanized. We studied the relationship between land use and stream water chemistry for Oswego County, New York, because riparian zones in this county have shifted to residential from agricultural and forested land uses. We extracted data from the New York State Department of Conservation (DEC) Department of Water (DOW) Monitoring Portal. Preliminary results show that Total Nitrogen (Kjeldahl) in mg/L fluctuates yearly …

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219 - Developing A Portable System Of Environmental Dna (Edna) Surveillance To Monitor Fish Population Dynamics And Detect Invasive Species In Conesus Lake And The Philippine Seas, Karina Mirza, Micah Ford, Morgan Comstock Apr 2023

219 - Developing A Portable System Of Environmental Dna (Edna) Surveillance To Monitor Fish Population Dynamics And Detect Invasive Species In Conesus Lake And The Philippine Seas, Karina Mirza, Micah Ford, Morgan Comstock

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Climate change is an increasing threat to many ecosystems worldwide. Due to global warming, many species are under threat of extinction while others are forced into unusual patterns of migration. In the Philippines, the fish Round Scad is a cheap source of protein in the diet of common citizens. Alarmingly, it is rapidly declining in both population and body size. In this project, we aim to develop a cheap, rapid, and sensitive method of monitoring the population dynamics of this fish in the wild. Recently, a new method called environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding has been developed as a cost-effective way …

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221 - Angkorian Temples In Mainland Southeast Asia: Cambodia, Laos, Thailand & Vietnam 9th - 15th Century, Sophuth Phon Apr 2023

221 - Angkorian Temples In Mainland Southeast Asia: Cambodia, Laos, Thailand & Vietnam 9th - 15th Century, Sophuth Phon

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The Angkorian Era of the Khmer Empire (9th - 15th AD) is notable for its construction of numerous temples of high architectural heritage value, yet those temples have not been studied in depth. The spatial distribution of those temples, and their various historical characteristics, are also yet to be analyzed or mapped out. The purpose of this project is to spatially map the temple and discern if locations correlate to the region’s geography. This project compiled primary data on 70 major Angkorian temples in mainland Southeast Asia using various sources but primarily Google Earth Pro and Humanitarian Data Exchange (HDX). …

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236 - Cholera, Water Sanitation, And Socioeconomic Status In 19th Century Rochester, New York, Lora Odeh Apr 2023

236 - Cholera, Water Sanitation, And Socioeconomic Status In 19th Century Rochester, New York, Lora Odeh

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The completion of the Erie Canal in 1825 allowed for the rapid expansion of the City of Rochester. The creation of the Erie Canal led to the spread of infectious diseases, especially cholera, as German and Irish immigrants moved west in search of job opportunities. As the city of Rochester grew, so did cholera and other waterborne diseases. Many of these immigrants lived in overcrowded public housing, where infectious diseases like cholera were rampant, which resulted in the stigmatization of these groups. Using historic records from Mt. Hope Cemetery, this study explores how cholera and later water sanitation projects affected …

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237 - Seasonal And Historical Trends Of Cyanobacteria Dominance In Conesus Lake, Emma Belica, Isabella Imbo Apr 2023

237 - Seasonal And Historical Trends Of Cyanobacteria Dominance In Conesus Lake, Emma Belica, Isabella Imbo

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The purpose of this research was three-fold. First, an analysis of long-term data was conducted to determine how the abundance of the cyanobacteria of the genus Dolichospermum changed historically since 1985 in Conesus Lake. Secondly, to look at the seasonality of the Dolichospermum blooms in the Summer of 2022. Third, to determine Dolichospermum's Nitrogen-fixing activity based on analysis of the frequency of Nitrogen-fixing cells in the population (heterocysts). Long-term data shows Dolichospermum has increased in representation in recent years and in 2022 reached a peak biomass that represented 75% of all the cyanobacteria biomass and 56% of all the phytoplankton …

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245 - P27kip1 Is Upregulated In Umscv-4 Cells Corresponding To Entering A State Of Quiescence When Treated With Clobetasol., Gianna Minnuto, Luke North, Mack Ogden, Kia Haering Apr 2023

245 - P27kip1 Is Upregulated In Umscv-4 Cells Corresponding To Entering A State Of Quiescence When Treated With Clobetasol., Gianna Minnuto, Luke North, Mack Ogden, Kia Haering

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Quiescence, the temporary exit from the cell cycle, presents therapeutic challenges to cancer management since it allows evasion of chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment. Essential to the study of quiescence in carcinogenesis is an established model system. Our studies have found that clobetasol treatment of the vulvar cancer cell line, UMSCV-4 causes these cells to enter a state of dormancy. Subsequent removal of the cells from clobetasol show a return to normal cell proliferation, even after dormancy for 3 months. p27Kip1 protein is elevated in quiescent cells and has been used as a marker for entry into quiescence. Using both …

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253 - Ambient Identity Cues Within Digital Spaces: How Institutional Identities Influence Text And Image Selection, Rachel Denzler, Daniel Regan, Kaitlyn Britt, Michelle Costa, Charlotte Sutphin Apr 2023

253 - Ambient Identity Cues Within Digital Spaces: How Institutional Identities Influence Text And Image Selection, Rachel Denzler, Daniel Regan, Kaitlyn Britt, Michelle Costa, Charlotte Sutphin

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Belonging is a basic human need with substantial impact on overall health and well-being (e.g., Baumeister & Leary, 1995). The presence of ambient identity cues, socially symbolic objects that communicate stereotypes about group members inhabiting a given environment, can powerfully impact perceptions of belonging and interest (Cheryan et al., 2009). Our previous work examined the presence of identity cues in academic digital spaces regarding text analyses. Through examining 36 institutional website pages, we conducted a qualitative assessment of identity cues via Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (Pennebaker et al., 2001). The current work analyzes the images within the institutional websites, …

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263 - Housing And Integrating Bats Into The Suny Geneseo Campus Ecosystem., Hailey Cullen, Gabrielle Joseph Apr 2023

263 - Housing And Integrating Bats Into The Suny Geneseo Campus Ecosystem., Hailey Cullen, Gabrielle Joseph

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This presentation centers on research conducted on building a sustainable prototype design of a bat box. We focused on configuring the implementation of bat boxes around the SUNY Geneseo campus as well as the optimal materials to use in the building of this prototype. The primary species targeted in our research and design development is the big brown bat.

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305 - Cannabis Use Among Gender And Sexual Minority College Students, Karla Mejia, Samantha Degrandis, Madison James Apr 2023

305 - Cannabis Use Among Gender And Sexual Minority College Students, Karla Mejia, Samantha Degrandis, Madison James

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Previous research has found an increased risk for substance use in sexual and gender minority (SGM) identifying individuals. Broadly, within the age groups of college students and emerging adulthood, heightened rates of marijuana use have been observed for individuals endorsing a sexual and/or gender minority identity (Dunbar et al., 2022). The current study will examine associations between college students' rates of marijuana use and the endorsement of a SGM identity status. Participants (N = 150; Age = 19.2, SD = 1.7) reported on their sexual and gender identity and completed self-report measures, including the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; …

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311 - Sibling Dyads’ Perceptions Of Their Relationship In Adolescence And Early Adulthood, Isabelle Cook, Adele Beltrani, Emma Richards, Natalie Thurston Apr 2023

311 - Sibling Dyads’ Perceptions Of Their Relationship In Adolescence And Early Adulthood, Isabelle Cook, Adele Beltrani, Emma Richards, Natalie Thurston

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As part of a longitudinal study, we examined siblings’ perceptions of their relationship in adolescence and early adulthood. Twenty-five sibling dyads completed questionnaires about their relationship during adolescence and early adulthood. The adolescent questionnaire was an age-adjusted questionnaire developed for use in the study; it included five scales (Asymmetry, Intimacy, Prosocial/Harmony, Relational Aggression, and Conflict). For the early adulthood phase, we used the Adult Sibling Relationship Questionnaire (Stocker et al., 1997); it included 12 scales (Similarity, Intimacy, Quarreling, Affection, Antagonism, Admiration, Emotional Support, Competition, Instrumental Support, Domination, Acceptance, and Knowledge). Correlations among scales on the questionnaires reveal considerable coherence in …

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316 - How A Student's Demographics Influences Their Knowledge Of Global Affairs, Emily Schofield Apr 2023

316 - How A Student's Demographics Influences Their Knowledge Of Global Affairs, Emily Schofield

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Through examining the intersection of identities of the public and global affairs, we can better understand the public's knowledge to advance policy and actions directly applicable to the constituency by state or non-state actors. Through my research in the McNair Program, I have focused on the demographics of students in relation to their knowledge and understanding of global affairs by examining their backgrounds, interests, and involvement within student life.

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339 - Snowvember 2.0: Mapping Lake-Effect Snowfall In The Buffalo, New York Area During The November 2022 Extreme Snowfall Event, Gabrielle Puente Apr 2023

339 - Snowvember 2.0: Mapping Lake-Effect Snowfall In The Buffalo, New York Area During The November 2022 Extreme Snowfall Event, Gabrielle Puente

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The City of Buffalo, New York is located in western New York State near two Great Lakes: Lake Ontario to the north, and Lake Erie to the west. The Great Lakes region that includes Buffalo experiences a weather phenomenon known as lake-effect snow, where surface buoyant instability and upward moisture movement from the Great Lakes can cause extreme snowfall in localized bands. The purpose of this project is to analyze the total amount of snowfall that occurred on a specific lake-effect snowfall even in November 2022, termed "Snowvember 2.0" (or November 2022 Great Lakes Winter Storm.) Snowfall data was obtained …

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352 - Quantifying Variation Of The Ostrich Wing (Aves: Paleognathae), Isabel Marzec Apr 2023

352 - Quantifying Variation Of The Ostrich Wing (Aves: Paleognathae), Isabel Marzec

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The common Ostrich (Struthio camelus) is a member of a large clade of flightless birds known as the ratites. The ratites are morphologically classified by their absence of a keeled sternum that, in flighted birds, provides a large surface area for flight muscle attachment. Although morphology in flighted birds is relatively constrained, the lack of selective pressures in ratites has led to increased variability in the wing. The skeleton of S. camelus exhibits numerous adaptations related to cursoriality, such as a double patella, shortened wing skeleton, and a lightweight pelvic girdle. Though their wings may not be capable …

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