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A Comparative Analysis For Congestion Mechanism In Coap And Cocoa, Hamid Hasan, Ahmed Ahmed Aug 2026

A Comparative Analysis For Congestion Mechanism In Coap And Cocoa, Hamid Hasan, Ahmed Ahmed

Engineering and Technology Journal

Internet of things (IoT) is the paradigm for internetworking devices for data exchange and control. One of the important problems facing the IoT networks is the congestion; many researchers have discussed this problem. In this research, a comparison between two congestion control mechanisms used for internet of things the (CoAP and CoCoA) is presented. The cooja simulator was used for simulating different topologies and scenarios and the packets transmitted was captured using wireshak utility program. The captured packets were analyzed using MATLAB tools. The analysis showed that the CoCoA outperform CoAP in terms of goodput, number of dropped packets and …

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Developing Of Reliability-Centered Maintenance Methodology In Second Power Plant Of South Baghdad, Amjad Abdulghafour, Ammar Abdulwahed Aug 2026

Developing Of Reliability-Centered Maintenance Methodology In Second Power Plant Of South Baghdad, Amjad Abdulghafour, Ammar Abdulwahed

Engineering and Technology Journal

Electric equipments of power station must be operated in the state of high reliability with its responsibility in the seamless power supply. Maintenance is one of the important and most costly phases in the lifecycle of any power generation systems, to improve maintenance management and system reliability and maintain the continuity of work of the system. Reliability-Centered Maintenance (RCM) is one of the most recent maintenance techniques. In this research, an enhanced RCM methodology based on quantitative relationships implemented at system component level and the overall system reliability was applied to identify the distribution components that are critical to system …

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Analysis Of Production System Effectiveness Elements, Mohanad Sahib, Lamyaa Dawood Aug 2026

Analysis Of Production System Effectiveness Elements, Mohanad Sahib, Lamyaa Dawood

Engineering and Technology Journal

The global competition turbulent manufacturing environment, declining profit margin, customer demand for the high-quality product had a major impact on the manufacturer. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effective elements of the continuous production system at Baghdad Company for Soft Drinks as a case study consecutive for two years. Production system has been investigated by employing Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) and Overall Resources Effectiveness (ORE). As a result, OEE shows low average values of (11%) at 2014 to (9%) in 2015, while ORE values show an average of (8%) in 2014 and (7%) in 2015 respectively.

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Production Of Lightweight Clay Bricks Using Polymer Wastes, Basil Mohammed, Sadiq Al-Ebrahimy Aug 2026

Production Of Lightweight Clay Bricks Using Polymer Wastes, Basil Mohammed, Sadiq Al-Ebrahimy

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this study, different percentages (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% by weight of the soil) of chopped polymeric (plastic bottles with maximum particle size 2.36 mm and 1.18 mm in addition to rubber tires of 0.6 mm max particle size) wastes are incorporated with soil to produce lightweight clay bricks, to find the optimum percentage satisfying the requirements of bricks grade C using for non-structural walls (partitions).The effects of different types and percentages of the polymeric wastes on firing shrinkage, density, water absorption, compressive strength and thermal conductivity of the fired bricks were studied. Results indicate that it is …

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Optimization Of Dry Sliding Wear Process Parameters For Al-Mg-Si Hybrid Composites Using Taguchi Method, Israa Alkadir, Hanan Azeez Aug 2026

Optimization Of Dry Sliding Wear Process Parameters For Al-Mg-Si Hybrid Composites Using Taguchi Method, Israa Alkadir, Hanan Azeez

Engineering and Technology Journal

The aim of the presents study was to investigates the influence of different sliding velocity 1.4, 2.8, 4.2 m/sec, applied load 5, 10, N and time 10, 20, 30 min on wear rate of Al-Mg-Si alloy reinforced with varying weight fraction of TiO₂/SiC 1.5:0 ,3:0 , 4.5:0 , 0:1.5 , 0:3 , 0:4.5 , 1.5:1.5 , 3:3 , 4.5:4.5 wt.% with the same particle size (>75μm) by using pin-on-disk techniques. In this research Al-Mg-Si alloy TiO₂/SiC hybrid composites was prepared by vortex technique. The primary objective is to use taguchi method for predicting the better parameter that give the …

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Characterization Of Aa 6061–Alloy Composites Reinforced By Al2o3 Nano Particles Obtained By Stir Casting, Hussain Al Alkawi, Abdul Owaid, Batool H. Aug 2026

Characterization Of Aa 6061–Alloy Composites Reinforced By Al2o3 Nano Particles Obtained By Stir Casting, Hussain Al Alkawi, Abdul Owaid, Batool H.

Engineering and Technology Journal

The aim of this work is generated a Nano materials having good mechanical properties for 6061AA-alloy.Fivewt% of Nano particles (Al2O3) (20-30nm grain size) were adoptees (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3wt% AL2O3).The Nano composites were manufactured by stir casting technique. The mechanical properties of Nano composites were obtained at room temperature and was found that the matrix hardness is improved by 35.36%, matrix ultimate by107%, yield by36.84% and ductility by 12% at 1.5wt% AL2O3.Also it was obtained that all the mechanical properties of the Nano composites are higher than that of metal matrix. The above improvements are due to less …

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Employee Performance Assessment Using Modified Decision Tree, Hassan Jeiad, Zinah Ameen, Alza Mahmood Aug 2026

Employee Performance Assessment Using Modified Decision Tree, Hassan Jeiad, Zinah Ameen, Alza Mahmood

Engineering and Technology Journal

Decision tree algorithms are famous method in inductive learning and successfully applied for model classification and prediction. Performance evaluation in organization is one of the most important issues that are reliable due to the transition from industrial to knowledge age. This paper proposes the use of modified ID3 (Interactive Dichotomiser 3) decision tree algorithm combining with Taneja entropy instead of the original ID3 algorithm that depends on Shannon entropy which is widely used in the information theory. In fact, the original ID3 was suffer from complexity in the form of complex tree with large number of hops and nodes. The …

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Internal Model Control Using A Self-Recurrent Wavelet Neural Network Trained By An Artificial Immune Technique For Nonlinear Systems, Omar Lutfy, Rand Majeed Aug 2026

Internal Model Control Using A Self-Recurrent Wavelet Neural Network Trained By An Artificial Immune Technique For Nonlinear Systems, Omar Lutfy, Rand Majeed

Engineering and Technology Journal

This paper presents a Self-Recurrent Wavelet Neural Network (SRWNN)-based Internal Model Control (IMC) for nonlinear systems. As the internal model, a Nonlinear Autoregressive Moving Average (NARMA-L2) is employed for obtaining a forward system model. Then, this model is directly used to formulate the control law. The proposed SRWNN-based IMC is an enhanced version of a previously published Wavelet Neural Network (WNN)-based IMC scheme. Particularly, the enhancement was attained by considering three modifications, which include the use of an initialization phase for the parameters of the wavelon layer, the utilization of self-feedback connections in the wavelon layer, and the exploitation of …

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Intelligent Modeling Of Metal Oxide Gas Sensor, Omar Lutfy, Alaa Abdul-Hamead Aug 2026

Intelligent Modeling Of Metal Oxide Gas Sensor, Omar Lutfy, Alaa Abdul-Hamead

Engineering and Technology Journal

Due to the complexity of the gas detection process, traditional modeling techniques cannot provide accurate modeling performance to reproduce the behavior of this difficult process. In this paper, an intelligent modeling technique is utilized to develop an accurate model to represent the complex and nonlinear gas detection process. In particular, in this study nickel Oxide NiO gas sensor, which was specifically fabricated by a simple chemical spray pyrolysis technique. In the process, the nickel chloride hexahydrate salt was used at a concentration of (0.05 M) and a temperature of 350 ºC. Because of this process, the thickness of NiO was …

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Multiple Access Chua Chaotic Communication System Using Real Orthogonal Matrix Approach, Ali Radhi Aug 2026

Multiple Access Chua Chaotic Communication System Using Real Orthogonal Matrix Approach, Ali Radhi

Engineering and Technology Journal

An alternative to traditional Pseudo-Noise (PN)-Sequences, one-dimension (1D) orthogonal chaotic map sequences, and three dimensional (3D) continuous chaotic systems (x,y,z) are generated by orthonormal Gram-Schmidt process. A new Orthogonal Chua Chaotic Sequences OCCSs-based Direct-Sequence/Spread-Spectrum-Code Division Multiple Access (DS/SS-CDMA) system is proposed. The proposed system combines the 3D Chua chaotic system with Real Orthogonal Matrix Approach (ROMA). Comparing to previous sequences, the OCCSs inherit all beneficial features of Chua's Circuit and ROMA scheme, such as the best correlation properties, higher capacity, Low Probability Interception (LPI), reliable security and good orthogonality. The three analytical Bit Error Rates (BERs) expressions for each orthogonal …

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Multiple Performance Optimization Of Carburized Steel Using Taguchi Based Moora Approach, Abbas Hussein, Laith Abbas, Asraa Hameed Aug 2026

Multiple Performance Optimization Of Carburized Steel Using Taguchi Based Moora Approach, Abbas Hussein, Laith Abbas, Asraa Hameed

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this research, a multi-response optimization based on Taguchi method-based MOORA (Multi-response optimization based on ratio analysis) is proposed for carburization process of low carbon steel. Experiments were designed using (Taguchi’s) method with six input carburization factors (carburization temperature, carburization time, tempering temperature, tempering time, activator wt.%, and quench media). Depth case and wear rate were considered as the most response measures in this study. Results of the analysis shows that the carburization temperature is the most significant variables for the optimum outcome results. The desired response measures and mathematical model were achieved and used as optimum condition tool. The …

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Effect Of Waiting Time Before Re-Vibration On Mechanical Properties Of Fiber Reinforced Concrete, Aseel Abdulridha Aug 2026

Effect Of Waiting Time Before Re-Vibration On Mechanical Properties Of Fiber Reinforced Concrete, Aseel Abdulridha

Engineering and Technology Journal

A knowledge of the concrete vibration after casting have led to improve the mechanical properties of concrete, reduce the deformations due to creep and shrinkage and reduce the concrete permeability. At the Structural and Material Laboratories- Building and Construction Engineering Department, University of Technology, series experimental tests on prisms, cubes and cylinders were carried out to investigate the effect of waiting time after initial vibration on the flexural-tensile strength, compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of fiber reinforced concrete. The variables considered in this study were; the amount of steel fiber and waiting time after initial vibration. The test results …

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Sliding Mode Controller Design For Flexible Joint Robot, Ivan Gorial Aug 2026

Sliding Mode Controller Design For Flexible Joint Robot, Ivan Gorial

Engineering and Technology Journal

This paper suggests a flexible joint robot operated by brushed Direct Current (DC) motor model. Due to complex high-order, nonlinear dynamical system which operating under parameter’s uncertainty, sliding mode control (SMC) used to solve this problem of control the flexible joint robot. The SMC method is identified as one of the effective method to design robust control for the flexible joint robot, which based on t using a Low Pass Filter (LPF) with suitable time constant. The mathematical model is presented clearly and the simulations together with their analysis are done using MATLAB software. Simulation results display the efficacy of …

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Effect Of Corrosion Time On Critical Buckling Load Of Aisi 304 Columns, Hussain Al-Alkawi, Samih Al-Najjar Aug 2026

Effect Of Corrosion Time On Critical Buckling Load Of Aisi 304 Columns, Hussain Al-Alkawi, Samih Al-Najjar

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this work Corrosion buckling interaction behavior of AISI 304 stainless steel circular columns was investigated. Long and intermediate columns diameter of (6 mm) are tested in as received and corroded condition. Corroded columns are tested after embedded it in soil for different times. Rotating buckling machine test was used to evaluate the critical buckling load (pcr) under dynamic compression loads. By using Perry Robertson formula, experimental work results are compared. The results showed that increasing in corrosion time (embedding time), the reduction in critical buckling load increases also. Maximum reduction of buckling load value are (2.28%, 1.37%) for long …

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High Rate Data Processing System Of 6x6 Mimo_Ofdm Using Fpga Technique With Spatial Algorithm, Muthna Fadhil Aug 2026

High Rate Data Processing System Of 6x6 Mimo_Ofdm Using Fpga Technique With Spatial Algorithm, Muthna Fadhil

Engineering and Technology Journal

OFDM has high spectral Performance and pliability in multipath channel effects while MIMO use another strategy for saving power of transmitter by using multi in multi out antennas to make throughput processing in high efficiency. The transceiver MIMO OFDM implemented on an FPGA typeSpartan3 XC3S200 with proper algorithm, Invoke method and QPSK modulation. The project prospective to improve the transceiver operations in terms of data transmission in high speed and saving power for wireless communication system take in consideration the cost of implementation hardware. In the result registered throughput data rate 425 Mbps using spatial algorithm (ICA with SD algorithm) …

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Effect Of Cfrp Layer Orientation On The Behavior Of Shear-Strengthened Steel Plate Girders, Mohammed Hamood, Wael Abdulsahib, Ali Abdullah Aug 2026

Effect Of Cfrp Layer Orientation On The Behavior Of Shear-Strengthened Steel Plate Girders, Mohammed Hamood, Wael Abdulsahib, Ali Abdullah

Engineering and Technology Journal

The present paper investigates experimentally the impacts of fiber layer orientation on the structural behavior of CFRP strengthened steel-plated girders that are subjected to shear. Three of these girders were considered strengthened girders whereas the last one represents the reference girder. Each of the four steel-plated girders was tested aside and in different periods of time using the shear buckling test. A point load was applied to the center of the top flange of the four girders using Avery hydraulic machine. A laminated carbon fiber reinforced polymer sheet (CFRP) was fully adhesively attached to the web area of the three …

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Study The Effect Of Nano-Al2o3 And Fiber Glass On Mechanical And Physical Properties Of Pmma Composites For Prosthetic Denture, Qahtan Hamad Aug 2026

Study The Effect Of Nano-Al2o3 And Fiber Glass On Mechanical And Physical Properties Of Pmma Composites For Prosthetic Denture, Qahtan Hamad

Engineering and Technology Journal

In the present research, investigate the effect of adding some reinforcing materials which include nano-aluminum oxide (nano-Al2O3) particles that added with different volume fractions of (1%, 2%, 3% and 4%), and random fiber glass that added with fix volume fractions of (4%), into the PMMA matrix as new cold cure resin, and study some mechanical and physical properties of these hybrid laminated composite as prosthesis denture base material. Specimens’ of this project were prepared by using (Hand Lay-Up) method to form a hybrid laminated composites materials. The mechanical tests were performed on these specimens include (tensile test, impact test, flexural …

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Removal Of Cobalt (Co(Ii)) From Aqueous Solution By Amino Functionalized Sba-15, Anaam Sabri, Talib Albayati, Dalia Abed Aug 2026

Removal Of Cobalt (Co(Ii)) From Aqueous Solution By Amino Functionalized Sba-15, Anaam Sabri, Talib Albayati, Dalia Abed

Engineering and Technology Journal

Mesoporous silica SBA-15 material was synthesized and functionalized by post synthesis method with amino functional group (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane) to investigate its potential use as an adsorbent for cobalt (Co(II)) removal from aqueous solution. Several characterization methods were used for identifying the material characteristics before and after functionalization, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted and different variables that affected the removal of cobalt ions were studied, such as pH (1-6), contact time (0-150min), initial concentration (20-120mg/L) and adsorbent dose (0.025-0.3g). It was found that amino functional group was …

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Effect Of Nano Bn Addition On The Properties Of An Aluminum Metal Matrix Composite, Fadhal Hashim, Niveen Abdulkader, Nibras Jasim Aug 2026

Effect Of Nano Bn Addition On The Properties Of An Aluminum Metal Matrix Composite, Fadhal Hashim, Niveen Abdulkader, Nibras Jasim

Engineering and Technology Journal

In the present work, the wear rate and hardness of recycled Aluminum alloy based metal matrix composite that reinforced with nano Boron Nitride with (2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%) weight percentage with 33 nm particle size were evaluated. A stir casting process was applied to fabricate composite the mechanical and metallurgical characteristics of the fabricated composite were evaluated through the hardness and wear test. The results indicate that the value of hardness increased and wear rate decreased with increasing the BN percentage due to high surface area to weight ratio for nanoparticles.

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Parametric Optimization Of Wedm In Machining Hss (8x200), Athraa Ahmed Aug 2026

Parametric Optimization Of Wedm In Machining Hss (8x200), Athraa Ahmed

Engineering and Technology Journal

Nontraditional machining processes are used for machining too hard, brittle and strong conductive materials. The aim of this research is to achieve an economic and efficient machining process in machining HSS by using wire cut machine. Experimental investigations were conducted on WEDM with using different machining parameters such as (pulse duration (μs), pulse interval (μs), Servo feed and Servo voltage (V)). The experiments were designed according to DOE, which is done by using Taguchi design parameter method to investigate the optimum machining parameters, which gives the best values for MRR and CS in order to achieve an economic and efficient …

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Fatigue Life And Surface Hardening Investigation Of Aluminum Shot Peening Process, Kayser Ameen Aug 2026

Fatigue Life And Surface Hardening Investigation Of Aluminum Shot Peening Process, Kayser Ameen

Engineering and Technology Journal

Two different tests are used in order to analyze the shot peening foraluminum 6061-T6 alloys. Stress amplitude versus fatigue life (S-N curves) are established experimentally using different shot peening ball size (three diameters of balls are used in this paper are 1.5, 3, and 3.5 mm). Also the hardening via Vickers hardnessis evaluated due to shot peening experimentally and by ANSYS software, the three dimensional finite element model of a square plate shot by ball is demonstrates the application of shot peened of hardening surface.The influences of the ball’s diameter on the hardening and S-N curves are studied. The results …

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Speed Reference Tracking For Separately Excited Dc Motor Based Anfis And Hysteresis Current Control Techniques, Omar Mahmood Aug 2026

Speed Reference Tracking For Separately Excited Dc Motor Based Anfis And Hysteresis Current Control Techniques, Omar Mahmood

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this work, a closed loop control system has designed to control the speed of separately excited direct current motor (SEDCM) using Fuzzy (Mamdani and Sugeno) and an Adaptive Neuro - Fuzzy techniques (ANFIS). The action of these control techniques is to produce the reference armature current that has fed to the hysterics current controller (HCC) that produces the required gating signal to a Buck chopper .Different load conditions has been applied to the motor to obtain many mode of operation, the speed held constant at the required references values using both fuzzy (Mamdani-type and Sugeno-type) and ANFIS techniques. The …

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A Comparison Study Of Underwater And Land Flexible Manipulators, Mohammed Mohammed Aug 2026

A Comparison Study Of Underwater And Land Flexible Manipulators, Mohammed Mohammed

Engineering and Technology Journal

New results for experimental comparison of flexible underwater and land manipulator have studied in this research. A new experimental rig and test basin have designed to present the manipulators behavior. Several electronic devices used to capture the data that relates with land and underwater manipulators. Experimental parts have consisted on studying of hub-angle and vibration of end-point as in-line forces affection under static and moving waters conditions as a distributed flow speeds. The experimental outcomes appeared that the in-line forces influence on land manipulator case is more than the underwater manipulator. The outcomes revealed that angular displacement influence and vibration …

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Study Compression And Impact Properties Of Pmma Reinforced By Natural Fibers Used In Denture, Jawad Oleiwi, Sihama I. Salih, Hwazen Fadhil Aug 2026

Study Compression And Impact Properties Of Pmma Reinforced By Natural Fibers Used In Denture, Jawad Oleiwi, Sihama I. Salih, Hwazen Fadhil

Engineering and Technology Journal

The fracture in dentures prepared from acrylic resin occurs frequently during the accidental damage or service through heavy occlusal force [1]. Impact failures usually occur out of the mouth as a result of accidental dropping due to cleaning, coughing or sneezing or a sudden blow to the denture [2]. This paper is focused on the effect of natural fibers on the mechanical properties of PMMA by changing two parameters (content of fibers and length of fibers). Fibers were treated with alkaline solution to improve the interfacial adhesion. Composite specimens were prepared by using hand lay-up method. The results were showed …

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Evaluation And Improvement Performance Of A Boiler In A Thermal Power Plant Using Artificial Neural Network, Hosham Anead, Khaliid Sultan, Raheel Abd-Kadhum Aug 2026

Evaluation And Improvement Performance Of A Boiler In A Thermal Power Plant Using Artificial Neural Network, Hosham Anead, Khaliid Sultan, Raheel Abd-Kadhum

Engineering and Technology Journal

This research aims to avoid damage in power plant boiler steam generation by using Artificial Neural Network techniques (ANN) to improve the boiler performance. The training and testing using ANN by Back Propagation (BP) algorithm. The inputs to the neural network such factors which include air fuel ratio, water level, flame, gas, pressure and temperature. Control of the optimum input variables represent the output of the neural network. Experimental data is obtained by using an industrial boiler operating at AL-Dura power plant.the method of control by ANN is off – line ,the information of boiler taken from real plant and …

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Influence Of Fracture Parameter On The Shear Lips For 080m40 Carbon Steel In Charpy-V Impact Resistance At Different Temperatures, Thaer Alsultan Aug 2026

Influence Of Fracture Parameter On The Shear Lips For 080m40 Carbon Steel In Charpy-V Impact Resistance At Different Temperatures, Thaer Alsultan

Engineering and Technology Journal

This article examines the correlation between shape of shear lips and temperature change. Impact toughness properties of Standard Charpy-V samples are evaluated at different temperatures for analysis of the energy of fracture of specimens (080M40 Medium Carbon Steel Z3 & Z7 treatment codes). Shear lips are a characteristic sign of the influence of the meso-level mechanisms on the processes of deformation and failure of the material, which is one of the most important property for extending components service life. Therefore, it is important to know the failure of the materials before choosing these steels for producing different machine parts. The …

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Effect Of Current And Duty Factor For Different Electrode Shapes On Material Removal Rate In Edm, Shukry Aghdeab, Nagham Ghazy Aug 2026

Effect Of Current And Duty Factor For Different Electrode Shapes On Material Removal Rate In Edm, Shukry Aghdeab, Nagham Ghazy

Engineering and Technology Journal

This paper discusses the performance of Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) process by changing the bottom shape of the electrode, including two stages: designing the electrodes by turning process then the resulted electrodes were used to machine the workpiece by EDM. The effect of electrode shape on material removal rate (MRR) has been investigated for material of CK 60 carbon steel for workpiece and material of brass for electrode. The shapes of the electrode bottom were flat, conical (with 90º apex angle) and round (with 8 mm radius) of constant diameter electrode of 16 mm. Experiments were repeated for three current …

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Effect Of Particle Size On Mechanical Properties Of The Recycling Compact Disks Reinforced Epoxy, Shayma Ahmed Aug 2026

Effect Of Particle Size On Mechanical Properties Of The Recycling Compact Disks Reinforced Epoxy, Shayma Ahmed

Engineering and Technology Journal

The recycling of CDs or DVDs (compact disks) as a filler in polymer composites can be used in many engineering applications such as electrical, automobile, and building applications. In the present paper, composite materials were prepared of epoxy resin reinforced with three different particles size (600˂d˂850, 200˂d˂600, d˂200 μm) of recycling of CDs or DVDs (a very thin aluminum layer is used to record information). Hand lay-up technique was conducted to produce composite material samples. Different types of tests, such as tensile, bending, impact, and hardness were applied on these samples. The mechanical characteristics of the composite samples were analyzed. …

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Suggested Methods To Solve The Coils Misalignment For The Biomedical Implants, Saad Mutashar Aug 2026

Suggested Methods To Solve The Coils Misalignment For The Biomedical Implants, Saad Mutashar

Engineering and Technology Journal

One of the major problems of the inductive coupling link in the biomedical implantable devices is the misalignment between coils. This paper produces two simple suggested methods to avoid and reduce the misalignment between two coils. The first one is to split the implanted coil into two identical coils with 450 μH of inductance where the external coil was equal to them in inductance ~ 900μH.  The results show that the received powers are constant and compensated by one of the coils, which provides a stable power at the implant. The second proposed suggestion is to use two separated identical …

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The Relationship Between Data Transfer Rate And Distance In Power Networks Modems, Salih Mahmood Aug 2026

The Relationship Between Data Transfer Rate And Distance In Power Networks Modems, Salih Mahmood

Engineering and Technology Journal

With the rapid growth of communication networks, reliable and economical communication systems are needed and can be implemented in buildings. PLC uses electrical wiring to transmit information and provides high-speed and cheap data communications, such as home networks and Internet access. PLC is a hostile environment for communication, making communication signals spread difficult and experiencing significant challenges such as noise, attenuation and interference. This research focus on the challenges of communications via power lines such as distance and stability. Performance factors are tested and studied through the actual application of communication networks by connecting modems and computers in the network …

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