Digital Commons Network^™

Qcm Characterization Of A Molecularly Imprinted Polymer For Pfoa Detection, Elizabeth Montgomery

Liberty University Research Week

No abstract provided.

Thinking Under Pressure: Does Mindset And Mood Affect Cognitive Performance?, Pamela Kplivi, Hannah Nowicki, Emmy Carmichael, Charlie Guri, Abigail Blanda, Brandon Sookkasem, Shayne Alexander, Hope Williams, Gabriella Tossah, Meeraben Patel, Michael Woodcock, Virginia Wickline

GS4 Student Scholars Symposium

Cognitive performance, particularly on tasks requiring creative problem-solving, can be influenced by both individual and situational factors. Prior research highlights intrinsic beliefs about intelligence and external factors such as mood states as determinants of problem solving outcomes (Baumeister & Vohs, 2016; Okon-Singer et al., 2015). The present study utilizes a 2 x 3 between-subjects experimental design to examine how mindset (growth vs. fixed) and temporary mood state (positive, neutral, negative) interact to shape performance on a creative problem solving task. Mindset is assessed using the Implicit Theories of Intelligence Scale (ITIS; Dweck, 1999), cognitive performance is measured using a shortened …

Machine Learning-Based Defect Identification Using Resonant Ultrasonic Spectroscopy, Abigail Richard

GS4 Student Scholars Symposium

Resonant ultrasonic spectroscopy (RUS) is a common non-destructive testing (NDT) technique that is used for quality assessment of the parts and components in various applications. RUS is performed by exciting samples by an external load and capturing its vibrational frequencies to be analyzed and find irregularities to classify parts. RUS has been investigated to test additively manufactured Inconel 718 samples for the feasibility of accurate quality assessment. Frequency and amplitude data was collected, transformed using z-score normalization and then analyzed using different classification algorithms. Machine learning algorithms has been deployed for defect classification of good and bad samples. These findings …

Project Akira: Data Mining And Merging, And Training A Custom-Built Gpt To Produce Therapist-Like, Ethically Coherent Responses, Rocco Moore, Joshua Farara

GS4 Student Scholars Symposium

Numerous artificial intelligence GPT models are trained on various language dataset types, including ethical and mental health dialogue, to produce ethically coherent responses, and these datasets are opened and merged together via the efficient processes of data mining and data merging. To explore how companies such as OpenAI and Microsoft achieve these goals, we implemented our own custom-built GPT, named AkiraGPT, which has recently and historically had issues generating ethical responses, simulating self awareness, and has sometimes generated incomprehensible, contextually irrelevant responses. In addition to that, AkiraGPT would sometimes have it's responses be "cut off." 

Our goal with our research …

Comprehensive Characterization Of Lake Floor Sediments, Clarks Hill Lake, Southeastern Usa., Oluwatunmise Emmanuel Akanmu

GS4 Student Scholars Symposium

Oluwatunmise Akanmu¹, Aguinaldo Silva², Jéssica Franzon Cruz Santo³, Edward L. Lo^1,4

¹School of Earth, Environment, and Sustainability, Georgia Southern University

2Faculty of Engineering, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul

3Faculty of Data Science, SENAI São Paulo

4Institute of Water and Health, Georgia Southern University

Sediment geochemistry plays a fundamental role in regulating nutrient availability, cycling organic matter, and moderating primary productivity in aquatic systems. The Clarks Hill Lake (J. Strom Thurmond Reservoir) is a temperate reservoir filled in 1952 along the Savannah River, which forms the Georgia–South Carolina state line. The …

Loneliness And Health Behaviors, Haylee Goral, Jianna Bigio, Ashley Bustamante, Ruby Maton, Sullivan Morefield, Avery Owen

Liberty University Research Week

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Static Stretching On Power Output During A Wingate Test, Anna Ruegsegger, Maddie Kliment

Liberty University Research Week

Background: This study examined the effect of short duration static stretching on power output from a maximal cycling test called a Wingate test. There are debates in the current literature on whether static stretching or a different method is best to include in the warmup to enhance subsequent performance. Static stretching has been shown to have a negative effect on muscle strength and power due to changes in musculotendinous stiffness, neuromuscular factors, and reflex sensitivities. It has been suggested that short duration static stretching does not have a negative impact on performance, but longer duration does. Methods: 17 females volunteered …

Beyond Nonspecific Low Back Pain - Identifying Mild Scoliosis In A Collegiate Diver: A Type 3 Case Study, Zoey Nelson, Ashley Sennett, John Coots

Liberty University Research Week

No abstract provided.

Quantitative Stewardship Of The Great Commission: A Linear Programming Approach To Missionary Allocation In India, Isaiah Mellace

Liberty University Research Week

This project investigates how linear programming can be used as a decision-support tool to inform missionary allocation across unreached people groups in India. The central thesis is that quantitative optimization methods can help identify regions of greatest unmet need and minimize the number of resources required to complete the Great Commission. Prior work in operations research has demonstrated the effectiveness of linear programming for resource allocation problems in logistics, healthcare, and humanitarian aid; however, such methods have rarely been applied to missiological contexts. Using figures from Joshua Project’s South Asia data, a mixed-integer linear programming model was constructed with assumptions …

Evaluations Of Forgiveness Motivations Within Familial Relationships: Which Forgiveness Motivations Are Evaluated More Appropriately?, Abigayle Minger, Alexandra Stallard, Alexis Cobo, Juliana Sieber

Liberty University Research Week

Those who have experienced injustice¿possess¿the freedom¿to forgive¿offenders. The focus of this study is¿to investigate¿how¿third parties evaluate¿a¿forgivers’¿choice¿to extend forgiveness and their¿justification for doing so.¿The two primary motivations behind forgiveness in¿previous literature¿are inner peace and¿maintaining¿relationships.¿As a¿replication¿and¿extension to¿Kim et al. (2026)¿study,¿a¿3 X 2 X 2 factorial design¿was¿conducted¿with¿college students in the United States¿(N =¿260)¿by utilizing vignettes in which the following factors were manipulated: type of relationship¿(parent-child,¿sibling, or¿classmate¿relationship),¿motivation¿(inner peace or relationship maintenance),¿and severity¿(less severe and more severe)¿of offense. Previous literature has¿observed¿a significant effect between¿the motivation for forgiveness and third-parties appropriateness rating.¿Surprisingly, the data did not reveal a significant difference in appropriateness based on the forgiveness …

Identifying Spatial Inhomogeneity In An Industrial-Scale Autoclave Polymer Reactor Using Computational Fluid Dynamics, Elijah Yoder

Liberty University Research Week

Because of the exothermic nature of polyethylene polymerization, process improvements must be performed carefully. Reactor failure can occur due to thermal runaway in which the added heat increases the reaction rates, increasing the temperature further, and so on. This is dangerous, because the pressure increases along with temperature, and it can explode if it exceeds the design conditions of the reactor. This makes experimental work obviously dangerous, so researchers often prefer simulations. Although, a common assumption is that the reaction mixture is perfectly homogeneous, lessening its applicability. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) makes no such assumptions and can resolve internal temperature …

Exploring The K-12 Educational Experiences Of First-Generation Hispanic Undergraduate Students, Stephanie Hernandez-Lopez

Liberty University Research Week

Research Question: This qualitative study examines how first-generation Hispanic undergraduate students perceive their K-12 educational experiences and how these shaped their transition into higher education. Method: Through semi-structured interviews with four participants, the research identifies recurring themes, including parental involvement, language barriers, access to resources, motivation, and preparedness for college. These insights contribute to understanding systemic factors behind the achievement gap and inform strategies for more equitable educational support. Conclusion: Overall, the findings show that first-generation Hispanic students’ college readiness is shaped by the combined effects of limited early academic rigor, inconsistent school–family communication, and assumptions about home academic support. …

I Liked Your Book ... Now Tell Me What It Means: Intertextual And Postmodern Influences In An Original Narrative, Katherine Bechter

Liberty University Research Week

My novel, I Liked Your Book ... Now Tell Me What It Means, takes inspiration from postmodern works like Italo Calvino’s If on a Winter’s Night a Traveler and Thomas Pynchon’s The Crying of Lot 49. My novel, written in second person, features an unnamed female protagonist who wants to determine the true meaning of a short story because her thesis chair asks her how she can definitively assert the author’s intentions, but the subjective nature of the story and the inaccessibility of the author makes interpretation difficult, putting her entire thesis project at risk. My novel mirrors the postmodern …

Active Barrier Cream Against Poison Ivy (Urushiol), Amanda Witherell, Annalee Gardner, Luthien Jones

Liberty University Research Week

Urushiol is an immunotoxic compound composed of a 3-substituted catechol and an alkyl side chain that contains 0-3 degrees of unsaturation. It is the substance in poison ivy that causes a negative response when it contacts skin. Commercial barrier creams currently exist that claim to protect the skin against urushiol but only serve to form a barrier between the oil and skin. This project aims to create a barrier cream that both forms a physical layer to protect the skin and neutralizes the urushiol as it sits on the cream. To neutralize the urushiol, it is proposed that either the …

Aerodynamic Performance Analysis Of High-Powered Rocket Airbrakes, Simon Babcock, Samuel Worthington, Sophia Batchelor

Liberty University Research Week

This research investigates the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to derive a coefficient-of-drag (Cd) profile for a high-powered rocket with an active airbrake control system to drive precise apogee control and trajectory prediction. High-fidelity CFD simulations are used to produce a reliable drag-coefficient function across relevant Mach numbers with airbrakes retracted and extended into the relative airstream, enabling more accurate trajectory modeling and control strategies for rockets employing aerodynamic drag modulation. This accurate drag characterization is critical as small deviations in the rocket’s Cd can significantly alter the predicted launch behavior and stability during high-powered flight. Prior work in …

Biostatistical Approaches For Early Identification Of Influenza Trends In The United States Using Cdc Surveillance Data, Marcos Oliva Rodriguez

Liberty University Research Week

The aim of this research is to utilize a biostatistical methodology for the purposes of identifying influenza trends during an early stage in the U.S. utilizing national surveillance data collected by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Influenza-Like Illness Surveillance Network (ILINet) for the years 2010-2024. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze weekly influenza-like illness (ILI) activity, along with other methodologies including: moving averages to smooth out fluctuations in ILI activity; autoregression models to evaluate temporal dependence in ILI activity; and threshold detection methods to determine when ILI activity reached epidemic levels. The results show that there are strong …

Development Of A Teaching-Laboratory Protocol For The Separation Of Adulterant Compounds Caffeine And Quinine Used In Illicit Drugs, Rachel Boktor

Liberty University Research Week

Adulterant compounds are added to illicit drugs to dilute their potency, mimic their effects, and cheapen production. Adulterants caffeine (21%) and quinine (20%) are most frequently combined with fentanyl. Despite their prevalence, there is limited empirical literature on the physical separation of adulterant mixtures. This study aimed to develop a traditional bench-scale separation scheme for isolating legal adulterants from a binary mixture. We hypothesize that differences in water solubility and extraction behavior of caffeine and quinine would enable their separation into distinct fractions. The separation scheme involved selective dissolution, gravity filtration, liquid-liquid extraction, drying, and solvent removal. Following physical separation, …

Unmet Needs And Resilience In Internally Displaced Populations (Idps) In Nigeria: Evidence To Inform Humanitarian Interventions, Great Onyedika Okereke, Tahirou Diallo

Liberty University Research Week

Background: Internally displaced persons (IDPs) face food insecurity, unmet healthcare needs, unsafe living conditions, and trauma, all of which may impact psychological resilience. Hopefulness can serve as a practical proxy for resilience, but few studies examine how cumulative unmet needs affect hopefulness among IDPs. This study explores the association between unmet need severity and hopefulness among IDPs in Nigeria to guide targeted humanitarian interventions.

Methods: Cross-sectional survey data from 98 displaced adults were analyzed. Hopefulness was a binary outcome (hopeful vs not hopeful). The main exposure was a cumulative unmet need score covering food insecurity, unmet healthcare, unsafe living conditions, …

Computer Vision For Ovarian Follicle Analysis, My Nhien Tang, Cameron Kauffman, Ian Davidson, Jumana Rizk, Maria Mendoza Lopez, Noam Kimbro, Tan Loc Nguyen, Will Starling

Liberty University Research Week

The present study investigates the ability of computer vision technology to count primordial follicles in the primate ovary. The number of primordial follicles, i.e., ovarian reserve, reflects the ovary’s potential of supporting endocrine and reproductive function in females. Follicle counting has been used in translational and clinical studies to assess ovarian health and response to regulatory factors or toxic substances. This critical process is currently performed manually by experienced laboratory personnel. Existing research on computer vision software’s ability to count follicles has yielded limited results. Therefore, in reaction to the labor-intensive, time-consuming nature of manual follicle counting and technological growth …

Synthesis Of Fluorinated Crosslinking Monomer For Molecular Imprinted Polymer Against Pfas, Harris Shook, Jeremiah Brown, Jeremiah Williams, Nadia Costescu, Nathaniel Moll

Liberty University Research Week

Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic organic fluorinated compounds found in many goods used by the average consumer and the industry alike, namely water-repellent textiles, paints, waxes, and aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) (1). Their versatility and wide range of applications have led to their extensive use within different aspects of life. The specific structure of the carbon-fluoride bonds within these compounds is responsible for their invaluable use; this design makes them highly resistant to degradation and persistent within the environment. PFAS concentrations are particularly high in drinking water because of their high solubility and resistance to common purification methods …

From Exposure To Detection: Health System Barriers To Diagnosing Asbestos-Related Diseases In Developing Countries, Matthew-Riece Castanares, Luke Montgomery

Liberty University Research Week

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Medical Nutrition Therapy In Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review, Alexis Snyder

Liberty University Research Week

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is type of high blood sugar with an onset during pregnancy that leads to insulin resistance. Annually, 5-9% of pregnancies are affected by gestational diabetes. GDM frequently causes excessive birth weight, breathing problems, preeclampsia, an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and hypoglycemia following pregnancy. Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) is the primary treatment for GDM, but actual dietary guidelines tend to differ between various studies. This narrative literature review aims to synthesize current studies on the effectiveness of MNT for the management and outcome of gestational diabetes. Specifically looking at pathophysiology of the disease, blood …

Establishing Local Protocols For Monoclonal Antibodies Production Using Hybridomas, Kingsley Ampong

Liberty University Research Week

Monoclonal antibodies are currently one of the most effective tools in biomedical research, diagnostics and therapeutic development. Hybridoma technique, which involves the fusion of immortal myeloma cells with stimulated B cells to produce an infinite supply of monoclonal antibodies. A stock of antibodies produced from offspring of a single hybridoma cells is the best way of producing monoclonal antibodies. These hybridoma cultures produce antibodies that are specific to a single target, or antigen. The targets for these monoclonal antibodies are almost limitless and can include enzymes, hormones, internal structures on bacteria, viruses and other eukaryotic cells as well as receptors. …

The Psychological And Physiological Effects Of Acute Social Media Use, Noah Rimmer

Liberty University Research Week

No abstract provided.

Histological Quality Of Immersion Vs Intravascular Fixation Of Fresh Tissue, Andrew Hodges, Bright Danso, Gretchka Mair, Kingsley Ampong, Rebekah Satalino

Liberty University Research Week

Tissue fixation is a fundamental determinant of histological quality, preserving cellular architecture through protein cross-linking and enzymatic inactivation [6]. Among fixation approaches, intravascular (perfusion) and immersion methods differ significantly in mechanism and outcomes. Perfusion fixation rapidly distributes fixative via the vascular system, often producing more uniform preservation, whereas immersion fixation relies on diffusion, which may result in delayed penetration and heterogeneous tissue quality [5]. Despite these limitations, immersion-based preservation remains widely used in anatomical education and commercial specimen preparation due to its simplicity and cost-effectiveness [2]. Reports suggest that fixation quality can influence analyses, including morphology, antigenicity, and staining reliability, …

Extended Post-Discharge Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis After Colorectal Resection: A Marketscan Analysis Of 2017–2021 Surgical Outcomes, Bright Agbotui, Chelsea Mazonde, Grace Sibert, Great Onyedika Okereke, Ifeoluwanimi Shobayo, Maame Yaa Okrah, Michael Ago Tetteh, Miebaka Favour Roberts, Nfn Dangpa Wandji Nana, Prince Osei Sarpong, Rebecca Martha Nantale, Raymond Suonyir

Liberty University Research Week

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains a major cause of preventable postoperative morbidity following colorectal surgery, with a substantial proportion of events occurring after discharge. Although professional guidelines recommend considering extended post-discharge prophylaxis (EPPx) for high-risk patients particularly those with malignancy, substantial comorbidity, or prolonged hospitalization national adoption remains inconsistent. Emerging real-world studies suggest that EPPx utilization is low; however, these investigations have largely focused on cancer-only cohorts or earlier time periods and may not reflect contemporary surgical practice, including increasing use of minimally invasive approaches and wider availability of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). As a result, there is limited understanding …

Machine-Learning Based Airbrakes Control For Rocket Apogee Targeting, Sara Schweitzer, Christopher Brown, Daniel Isenhour

Liberty University Research Week

In rocketry, small variations in weather and launch conditions can cause large differences in the highest altitude (“apogee”) a rocket can reach during flight, which makes targeting a precise altitude difficult. Airbrakes—small and deployable surfaces that increase drag—can actively adjust a rocket’s climb to achieve the intended apogee. Our goal is to develop an airbrake deployment approach that can translate to real rocket applications for teams lacking resources such as high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics, wind tunnel testing, or multiple test launches. Therefore, rather than using a control method that continuously adjusts the amount the airbrakes are deployed into the airstream, …

Comparative Analysis Of Medicare Reimbursement For Carotid Endarterectomy, Transfemoral Carotid Artery Stenting, And Transcarotid Artery Revascularization Among Asymptomatic Patients., Raymond Suonyir, Bright Agbotui, Grace Sibert, Prince Osei Sarpong

Liberty University Research Week

Background: Contemporary carotid revascularization includes carotid endarterectomy (CEA), transfemoral carotid artery stenting (TF-CAS), and transcarotid artery revascularization (TCAR), but current patient distribution across these procedures is not well described in the VQI carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid artery stenting (CAS) procedural datasets.

Methods: We performed a retrospective descriptive study using the VQI carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid artery stenting (CAS) procedural datasets from 2016 through 2023. Included patients were adults aged =18 years with Medicare coded as the primary insurer who underwent elective asymptomatic carotid revascularization and survived to discharge. TF-CAS was defined by transfemoral access with distal embolic protection, …

Connectedness And Mental Health, Annie Barnish, Brooke Akins, Hadley Harris, Katiann Kasell, Noah Mathis, Sophia Lashey

Liberty University Research Week

No abstract provided.

Decades After Exposure: The Continuing Burden Of Asbestos-Related Diseases In The United States, Hannah Mnayarji, Luke Montgomery, Tunde Adebola

Liberty University Research Week

Many consider diseases caused by asbestos exposure to be antiquated conditions that are rarely observed today. However, asbestos-related diseases (ARDs) have long latency periods, meaning that the time between exposure to asbestos and the onset of disease typically ranges between 20-40 years. Since the last import of asbestos to the United States was in 2023, occupational exposure has continued into recent history. This study hypothesizes that there has not yet been a decline in asbestosis and mesothelioma incidence and mortality–two conditions primarily caused by asbestos exposure–indicating that the latency period between asbestos exposure and disease occurrence persists into the modern …