Digital Commons Network^™

Hope And The Handiwork Of Varda: Celestial Signposts Of The Music’S Mending, Kristine Larsen

Journal of Tolkien Research

Varda, the Queen of the Valar, wields tremendous cosmological power in Tolkien’s legendarium. It is not without cause that Melkor fears her, as her power is literally written in the stars for all to see. Not only do her bright stars and constellations provide light against the darkness, but two of her creations – the Valacirca (Big Dipper) and Menelmacar (Orion) – are direct and intentional warning signs to Melkor of his unavoidable defeat in the Last Battle at the end of days. Indeed, Melkor’s capture by the armies of the Valar at the end of the First Age is …

Distributed Self-Control Of Dynamical Networks By Adaptive Link Weight Adjustments, Hiroki Sayama

Northeast Journal of Complex Systems (NEJCS)

Conventional control theory considers controlling the behavior of a dynamical system toward a desired state by injecting externally designed inputs into the system. Meanwhile, most complex systems exhibit self-organization through local information exchanges among individual dynamical components that are embedded within a complex network of interactions. The self-organizing dynamics of those systems are realized in a highly distributed manner using locally available information only, and therefore, their behaviors have not been discussed much from a control theoretic viewpoint. Meanwhile, adaptive networks, i.e., dynamical networks whose states and topologies coevolve at similar time scales, can offer a promising theoretical framework in …

Who I Used To Be, Jonathan Elias Nieves-Luiggi

Night Flight: Online Literary Journal

This short story explores the lasting effects of childhood fear and emotional pain through the life of Luis, burdened by painful childhood memories and the fear he carried for years in silence. Moving between memory and the present, the narrative follows the story as it becomes a moving journey of healing, self-acceptance, and the realization that he no longer has to hide from what once hurt him.

The Impact Of Sustainable Responsible Investment On The Environmental And Financial Performance Of Listed Companies (In The Context Of European Regulatory Framework), Leila Kamara

Engaged Management ReView

Although socially responsible investment (SRI) first emerged in the United States in the 1970s, its influence is now global and booming. The most striking illustration is the increase of signatories to the United Nations Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI): The number of signatories surged from around 100 in 2006 to more than 5,000 in 2025 (Peillex & Comyns, 2020), confirming that SRI is now central to investment strategies. The landscape of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) investment has seen the emergence of new stakeholders, including data providers. However, persistent limitations regarding data transparency, accessibility, and comparability have prevented investors from …

4-((Phenoxyalkyl)Thio)-Phenoxyacetic Acid Compounds Preparation., Lee Pharma Limited

Defensive Publications Series

The current Research relates to preparation of "4-((PHENOXYALKYL)THIO)-PHENOXYACETIC ACID COMPOUNDS PREPARATION" compounds.

Particularly, the present invention relates to process improvements of the commercially marketed Drug - Livdelzi. Also, the reagents and solvents used in the process makes it commercially viable and cost effective.

Gci Vortex Microbubble Refiner (Vmr) V2.5‑T “Titan”, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

The Vortex Microbubble Refiner (VMR) v2.5‑T “Titan” is a conceptual plasma–acoustic hybrid designed for complete mineralization of PFAS, microplastics, and persistent organic pollutants. It integrates geometry‑induced cavitation, microbubble plasma discharge, zirconium‑based MOF sensing surfaces, and adaptive AI‑regulated pulsed flow. The system uses hydrodynamic energy to generate cavitation and requires only a low‑current plasma spark to ionize argon microbubbles. Titan v2.5‑T includes dual‑stage counter‑current cavitation, zeolite cold‑trap off‑gas recycling, ceramic hardfacing for durability, and real‑time chemical detection. This disclosure is conceptual only and requires expert validation before any real‑world implementation.

A-Badilisha Decentralized Economic Coordination Protocol, Joe Dulo

Defensive Publications Series

ABSTRACT

A-Badilisha: A Decentralized Asset-Anchoring and Service Coordination Protocol for Informal Economies

This disclosure introduces A-Badilisha, a decentralized economic coordination protocol engineered to mobilize idle capital within informal and under-banked jurisdictions. The protocol solves the systemic "cash drought" typical of these regions by deploying an Asset-Anchoring Mechanism, which programmatically converts stagnant physical inventory and underutilized labor into liquid Community Credit (CCC).

Unlike traditional credit models dependent on fiat-based collateral or external banking reserves, A-Badilisha utilizes a self-repaying cycle where anchored physical assets—such as raw building materials, essential stock, or verified service hours—serve as the underlying collateral. The protocol maintains stability …

Multi-Cloud Latency-Aware Ledger Synchronization Layer System And A Method Thereof, Ananya Verma, Raouf Khan

Defensive Publications Series

The present disclosure relates to a multi-cloud latency-aware ledger synchronization layer system for maintaining consistency of payment networks across geographically distributed data centers. The system includes a distributed telemetry mesh configured to continuously measure inter-cloud network performance metrics such as latency, jitter, and packet loss. Furthermore, the system employs a latency surface modeling engine configured to construct a dynamic latency surface model based on the measured metrics. A synchronization scheduler is then configured to select replication targets and timing windows for ledger updates based on real-time assessments of the latency surface model and compliance constraints, ensuring that critical updates are …

Biopolymer Fibre Production And Metal Free Circuitry, Natalie M. Durdle Miss

Defensive Publications Series

This paper details a decentralized, open-source manufacturing framework designed to produce structural textiles and metal-free electrical circuits using public-domain chemistry and low-cost, unregulated hardware. The platform utilizes expired late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century patent methodologies, optimizing them for domestic, kitchen-scale replication with non-toxic, food-safe components. The primary structural substrate is derived from the acid-precipitation of casein proteins from dairy fractions, which are solubilized in a mild alkali solution to form a viscous spinning dope. To address the historical dependency on toxic cross-linkers like formaldehyde, this framework introduces three accessible micro-extrusion methodologies that utilize a non-toxic, ten percent aqueous potassium alum bath: (1) …

Vabr‑V2.0 — Vortex–Acoustic Bio‑Refinery, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

The Vortex–Acoustic Bio‑Refinery (VABR‑v2.0) is a conceptual modular system designed to convert municipal sewage sludge into biodiesel using vortex‑based solids concentration, tri‑band acoustic cavitation, dual‑stage heterogeneous catalysis, and high‑G centripetal coalescence separation. The system operates at near‑ambient pressure and is intended for decentralized deployment at wastewater treatment facilities. VABR‑v2.0 includes enhanced safety systems, catalyst‑recovery mechanisms, closed‑loop water reuse, and modular snap‑in

The Metric Field And Its Primitives, Steven Kirkland

Defensive Publications Series

The Metric Field and Its Primitives is the formal-mathematics layer of a research project whose popular-science companion, Inners Guide to the Hyper Loop, ships the story. This volume ships the mathematics: definitions, theorems, proofs, falsifier ladders, and the algebra the framework reads across substrates from atomic spectra to slime moulds to the cosmic substrate.

The framework. A candidate fundamental framing under Metric Field Ontology (MFO) commitments. The conventional readings of physics — general relativity, quantum field theory, the Standard Model, ΛCDM cosmology, M-theory's eleven-dimensional supergravity — are preserved at the mathematical level. What is shifted is the ontological framing: …

Computer Aided Field Investigation (Cafi): A Provenance-First Architecture For Real-Time Msme Credit Decisioning In India, Murali Krishnan

Defensive Publications Series

Computer Aided Field Investigation (CAFI) is a provenance-first architecture for real-time MSME credit decisioning in India, replacing the photographs-and-narrative output of conventional field visits with a hash-chained, tablet-captured, audit-defensible evidence graph. The five-layer architecture combines geo-fenced tablet field capture, DPDP-compliant consent-bound media acquisition, an append-only provenance data model in which every credit-decision fact links to immutable source artifacts, a deterministic real-time triangulation engine cross-validating borrower declarations against Goods and Services Tax (GST) returns and Account Aggregator (AA) bank statement data, a quality-assurance anomaly layer detecting photo perceptual hash collisions, GPS clustering, visit duration outliers, and field-officer response patterns, and a …

Offline‑First Transaction Buffering With Merkle‑Root Synchronization For Mobile Api Requests, Harshwardhan Tripathi

Defensive Publications Series

The present disclosure relates to a method and a system for synchronizing offline-generated Application Programming Interface (API) requests using Merkle roots between a client device and a server. The present disclosure suggests buffering one or more API requests in a persistent local storage queue responsive to unavailability of network connectivity. Thereafter, the present disclosure suggests generating, for each buffered API request, a cryptographic leaf hash based on a canonical representation of the corresponding API request. Upon generating the cryptographic leaf hash, the present disclosure suggests constructing, by the client device, a Merkle tree including the cryptographic leaf hashes as leaf …

Water System #30 Solar‑Thermal, Vortex‑Enhanced Desalination System, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

Water System #30 solar‑thermal, vortex‑enhanced desalination system designed for off‑grid, humanitarian, and disaster‑response water purification. The system uses concentrated solar heat, a cyclonic evaporation chamber, and a multi‑stage contaminant separation process to convert seawater or high‑TDS brackish water into potable water without membranes, high‑pressure pumps, or consumables.

To ensure stable operation under variable sunlight and high‑salinity conditions, the system integrates:

• A phase‑change thermal flywheel to buffer solar fluctuations

• A passive ultrasonic scale‑prevention ring to eliminate mineral buildup

• A hydrophobic gyroid demister to prevent salt‑mist carryover

• A high‑conductivity polymer condenser wrap to increase distillate yield

This disclosure provides a complete, manufacturable, …

Ocular Neuro‑Restoration System (Onrs): A Non‑Invasive Ultrasound‑Driven Drug Delivery & Biomarker Platform, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

The Ocular Neuro‑Restoration System (ONRS) is a non‑invasive, wearable ultrasound platform designed to deliver neuroprotective and vascular‑restorative therapeutics to the retina, optic nerve head, and posterior eye without injections. The system uses low‑intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU), vortex‑phase acoustic fields, microbubble‑enhanced sonoporation, and microfluidic tear‑exchange diagnostics to overcome the anatomical barriers that normally block ocular drug delivery.

A CMUT phased array generates controlled acoustic streaming and reversible tight‑junction modulation, enabling 10–50× enhanced penetration of small molecules and biologics, consistent with published evidence that ultrasound increases ocular permeability and drug transport .

A PDMS microfluidic gel‑refresh system maintains uniform coupling and eliminates …

Agentic System For Real-Time Social Media Intelligence Synthesis And Strategic Briefing Generation, Kevin Babu

Defensive Publications Series

A technique is proposed for real-time social media intelligence synthesis and strategic briefing generation. Engagement metrics associated with social media content associated with a user are obtained. An artificial intelligence (AI) agent configured to derive data for a social media briefing based on the engagement metrics is instantiated. The AI agent is caused to calculate an engagement velocity of the social media content based on a rate of change of the engagement metrics over a time period. The AI agent is caused to to determine a brand sentiment forecast and a viral breakout point based on the engagement velocity and …

System And Method For Automated Testing Gap Categorization And Codebase Vulnerability Localization, Aman Singh

Defensive Publications Series

A system related to automated testing gap categorization and codebase vulnerability localization in large-scale distributed computing environments. The system may receive an incident record containing unstructured text and identifiers pointing to external systems, obtain content from the external systems based on the identifiers, and aggregate the content into a unified context payload. The system may generate a fingerprint data structure based on the unified context payload and a versioned analysis prompt to determine whether AI model analysis is needed. The system may perform multi-stage AI analysis including identifying where a supervised analysis system indicated a testing gap, classifying the type …

Virtual/Augmented Reality Paired Driving Using Digital Key Enabled Device For Pairing/Authentication, Nick Miller, Emelie Jess Ashdown

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes a system for safely driving a vehicle from a remote location using an extended reality (XR) headset, virtual reality (VR) goggles, augmented reality (AR) glasses, or a hardware simulator. Existing remote driving, tele-operation, or remote vehicle control methods often rely on simple passwords, which can be less secure. This new technique uses a high-security digital car key stored on a physical device—such as a smartphone, an object tracking tag, or a small hardware “puck”—that should be placed inside the vehicle before it can be operated remotely. This creates a physical requirement that ensures only someone with authorized …

Graph Similarity-Based Selection Of Long Chain-Of-Thought Trajectories For Model Training, Ali Payani, Ramana Kompella

Defensive Publications Series

Recent research has demonstrated that selecting a carefully curated subset of long chain-of-thought (COT) trajectories can significantly improve the performance of reasoning large language models (LLMs) in mathematical question and answer tasks.  Proposed herein are techniques to extract long COT reasoning traces, which can be useful for fine-tuning artificial intelligence (AI) models, such as LLMs.

Gaussian-Weighted K-Nearest Distribution Point Mapping For Smooth Probability Estimation, Ania Kacewicz, Jud Dagnall

Defensive Publications Series

Proposed herein is a method to map compressed data representations to smooth probability distributions by distributing each data point's weight across its k-nearest distribution bins using Gaussian decay, creating a natural exponential falloff where closer bins receive exponentially more weight than distant bins. Unlike traditional methods that either create spiky distributions (nearest-neighbor-only) or over-smooth local features (global kernel density estimation), a bounded Gaussian approach, as proposed herein, confines smoothing to local neighborhoods while maintaining smoothness within those regions. The algorithm includes circular distance support for temporal data (ensuring hour 23 is treated as 1 hour from hour 0, not 23 …

Dynamic, Secure, And Device Identity-Based Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (Dhcp) Fixed Internet Protocol (Ip) Assignment For Clients, Sajid Sayedrasul Inamdar, Sarat C Pollakattu, Marc Faggion

Defensive Publications Series

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) reservations are essential for ensuring consistent Internet Protocol (IP) addressing for critical devices, but conventional IP assignment approaches rely on manual mappings that are complex, error-prone, and difficult to scale.  Moreover, conventional IP assignment approaches introduce management overhead, risk of IP conflicts, and lack a mechanism for dynamically and securely assigning fixed IP addresses to DHCP clients.  To address these limitations, the techniques presented herein implement a dynamic, secure, and centralized DHCP reservation solution using a Network Access Control (NAC) platform.  The techniques presented herein enhance the Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) protocol to …

Optimized, Context-Aware Large Language Model (Llm) Architecture For Artificial Intelligence (Ai)-Native Sixth-Generation (6g) Networks, Swapnil Barai, Ravi Shekhar, Dishant Parikh, Gaurav Kumar Rungta

Defensive Publications Series

The evolution toward sixth-generation (6G) networks introduces agentic communication, in which autonomous software agents interact and execute actions based on real-time environmental data. Large language models (LLMs) provide reasoning capability for such agents, but deploying an individual LLM for each agent can be operationally and economically infeasible. This disclosure presents a consolidated, context-aware LLM architecture that centralizes LLM resources within a 6G core and logically separates the resources into control plane (CP) and user plane (UP) instances. Using a shared resource model and a context-tagging mechanism based on device type, radio access technology (RAT), and function type, the architecture supports …

Edge Artificial Intelligence (Ai) Guardian: Ai-Powered Predictive And Self-Healing For Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (Bfd) And Internet Protocol Security (Ipsec) Tunnels In Software-Defined Wide Area Network (Sd-Wan), Krushnarajendra H R

Defensive Publications Series

Current Software-Defined Wide Area Network (SD-WAN) solutions are reactive and centralized, lacking the ability to predict and autonomously heal tunnel degradations before outages occur.  To address these limitations, the techniques presented herein implement Edge AI Guardian, a system configured to deploy a lightweight on-device Artificial Intelligence (AI) agent on edge routers to predict tunnel failures in real time, autonomously perform local self-healing actions, and generate natural-language Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI)-based root cause summaries without requiring centralized network management connectivity.

Energy-Efficient Artificial Intelligence Inference Through Task Decomposition And Heterogeneous Parallel Execution With Critical Path Trade-Off Analysis, Utkarsh Bhardwaj, Shivank Awasthi

Defensive Publications Series

A system performs task decomposition for the energy-aware parallel execution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) inference across heterogeneous computing resources. The technology decomposes a complex prompt into atomic sub-tasks and maps them into a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) to define dependencies. Each sub-task is then classified by its computational nature and routed to hardware, such as a local central processing unit (CPU), neural processing unit (NPU), or cloud server, based on physical energy and carbon cost models. The system analyzes the DAG to identify the critical path, routing these tasks to higher-performance resources to reduce latency while assigning non-critical tasks to …

Multi-Agent Safety Architecture Using Geometric Projections And Cryptographic Egress Control, Neel Mohbe

Defensive Publications Series

Decentralized, multi-agent artificial intelligence (AI) systems can introduce structural vulnerabilities, such as emergent toxicity and alignment erosion, that existing safety paradigms may not fully address. A multi-agent safety architecture is described that can treat safety as a geometric and cryptographic property of a network's communication and consensus fabric. A method can involve mathematically defining a safety concept as a subspace within a model’s activation manifold to create an orthogonal projection operator. This operator may filter agent states to help mitigate harmful emergent content, a cryptographic egress layer with low-rank proofs can be used to verify the filter's application before messages …

Integrated Passive Design Strategies For Enhancing Energy Performance Of Hotel Buildings In Hot-Arid Climates: A Simulation-Based Study, Esraa Ebrahiem Abu-Elenain

HBRC Journal

Sustainable architectural design strategies offer effective solutions for enhancing energy efficiency and reducing operational costs in energy-intensive buildings, such as hotels in hot-arid climates. However, limited research has addressed the integrated application of multiple passive design strategies within hotel buildings using a unified simulation-based framework. This study investigates the combined application of wind catchers (Malqaf), adaptive mashrabiya shading systems, and high-performance glazing on a proposed hotel floor in Ras Sedr, Egypt. The design was modeled in Autodesk Revit and analyzed through dynamic simulation using EnergyPlus. A comparative approach was adopted, including a baseline scenario and an improved design scenario. The …

Enhancing Social Activity Through Climate-Adaptive Design In Hot-Humid Campus Open-Spaces: A Case Study Of The University Of Basrah In Iraq, Noor A. Almansor, Farah Ahmed Thiab, Riyam Rajab Fenjan

HBRC Journal

Outdoor open spaces between university buildings support students' community interactions and academic achievements. However, in hot-humid climate zones, some of these spaces lack activity and experience social withdrawal due to thermal discomfort. This is seen on the University of Basrah campus. To address this, the study aimed to identify the most suitable climate-adaptive design pattern to improve thermal comfort and, in turn, enhance students' social presence in the University of Basrah's neglected, peripheral outdoor campus spaces. A convergent mixed-method case study was applied. First, measurable environmental and social factors were identified from related studies. Next, two open spaces in the …

The Impact Of Climate Change On Glass Facades: A Bibliometric Analysis, Pelin Akın, Güneş Mutlu Avinç

HBRC Journal

Climate change has direct impacts on the design and performance of building envelopes, necessitating new approaches in the discipline of architecture. In this study, a bibliometric analysis was conducted to understand the effects of climate change on glass façade systems. The 612 academic publications obtained from the Web of Science database were analyzed through R Studio Biblioshiny. Within the scope of the study, publication trends, key themes, prominent authors, institutions and geographical distributions were evaluated in detail. According to the findings of the research, it was indicated that research has gained momentum especially after 2016, focusing on themes such as …

Advances In Kenaf Fibre Reinforced Biocomposites: Processing Techniques, Performance Optimisation, And Future Research Directions, Thomas Adedayo Ayorinde, Tamba Jamiru, Peet F Le Roux, Basiru Philip Aramide, Oluwafemi Emmanuel Ogundahunsi

Engineering and Technology Journal

Kenaf fibre-reinforced composites have attracted considerable interest lately as eco-friendly materials due to their light weight, renewability, degradability, and favourable specific mechanical properties. Despite the advances already achieved in natural fibre composites, the commercial-scale use of kenaf-based composites has been hindered by variations in raw material quality, moisture sensitivity, interphase degradation, thermal instability, and other processing issues. This review critically assesses the morphology, reinforcement behaviour, fibre extraction methods, surface treatments, manufacturing processes, and characterisation techniques employed for kenaf fibre-reinforced composites within the framework of performance and sustainability. The study shows that no extraction and manufacturing process simultaneously optimises fibre integrity, …

Study Of Compressive Strength Of Palm Kernel Shell Concrete Under Various Curing Methods And Predictive Modeling Using Machine Learning, Hyginus Obinna Ozioko, Emmanuel Ebube Eze, Edward Ingio Adah

Engineering and Technology Journal

This study evaluates the compressive strength of Palm Kernel Shell Concrete (PKSC) under different curing methods and develops machine learning models for strength prediction. Concrete mixes containing 0–100% PKS replacement of coarse aggregate were prepared at a constant water-cement ratio of 0.5 and cured by immersion, sprinkling, wet hessian, and open-air methods. Compressive strength was measured at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Increasing PKS content reduced slump from 82 mm to 18 mm, oven-dry density from 2390 kg/m³ to 1430 kg/m³, and initial setting time from 108 min to 76 min. Immersion curing produced the highest …