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Development Of A Force Perturbation Handle For Physical Interaction Research In Humans, Henry Tien, Riley Still, Yun Seong Song Apr 2024

Development Of A Force Perturbation Handle For Physical Interaction Research In Humans, Henry Tien, Riley Still, Yun Seong Song

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

The vision of developing more advanced robots that physically interact with people begins with the study of how people interact with each other. Even the simplest interactions between humans, such as shaking hands, provides tremendous challenges for current robots and minimal research has been conducted on the inner workings of these interactions. Understanding the process and mechanics behind effective and intuitive physical human-human interaction (pHHI) will yield meaningful insight into designing robots capable of assisting the elderly, operating side by side with workers, or even dancing with people. To study this process, a custom Force Perturbation Handle (FPH) was developed, …

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A New Genetic Tool For Quorum-Sensing Ba, Amelia Markwell Apr 2024

A New Genetic Tool For Quorum-Sensing Ba, Amelia Markwell

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

This current research project focuses on the use of cell-to-cell communication in Bacterial Strain competition, specifically in soybean plants. Soybean plants are a high-yield crop produced here in the midwest, bringing in more than 8 billion dollars in monetary output for our state. The lab work focuses on one specific bacteria strain farmers commonly find in soybeans; this is called Bradyrhizobium japonicum. This nitrogen-fixing bacteria improves plant growth drastically. Cells have a way of communicating with each other in order to share information and adjust gene regulation accordingly. This is known as quorum sensing. My research last year focused on …

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Modality's Effect On Aesthetic Ratings Of Poetry, Jessica Frame Apr 2024

Modality's Effect On Aesthetic Ratings Of Poetry, Jessica Frame

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

Previous research has shown that vividness of evoked imagery is the strongest contributor to aesthetic pleasure for poetry. However, it is 114 unknown whether modality of the poem has an effect on the relationship between vividness and aesthetic appeal, as past work has only used written poems. In this study we want to evaluate rating of vividness, valence, arousal, and aesthetic appeal based on the modality in which poems are presented (listening only, reading only, or combined). Participants were randomly assigned to one of the three modalities: text-only (N=81 ), audio-only (N=74), or combined audio/text (N=78). Our results showed that …

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Biosensors For Antibacterial Medical Applications, Ryan Fagan, Shelby Wallen Apr 2024

Biosensors For Antibacterial Medical Applications, Ryan Fagan, Shelby Wallen

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

Healthcare associated infections are significant concern in medicine and as antibiotics are becoming less effective, we need new alternative methods to treat them. We are testing various materials that can be used to prevent infections in healthcare settings and in wound treatments. These materials include bioactive glass and modified hydrogel materials. From these studies we've learned these are effective in killing bacteria and preventing infections. The goal of this project is to determine the mechanism at which these materials kill bacteria. Our approach is to construct biosensor strains that can indicate bacterial stress response to antimicrobial agents. We have used …

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A Fisher Information-Based Approach To Improve Labeling Efficiency Of Neural Network Models In Image Classification, Joshua Caruso Apr 2024

A Fisher Information-Based Approach To Improve Labeling Efficiency Of Neural Network Models In Image Classification, Joshua Caruso

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

Active learning is a framework for training machine learning models where the goal is to reduce the number of labels used during training. Neural network models used for image classification require a large training dataset to achieve good accuracy. This project will use active learning to reduce the number of labels needed for training neural network models. We propose to use the Fisher information of the neural network parameters to actively select which images are labelled and included in the training data. A key challenge is the large number of parameters in commonly used neural network models, which significantly increases …

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How Does The C-Terminus Of Iqg1 Work In Cytokinesis?, Rae Tordilla, Katie Shannon Apr 2024

How Does The C-Terminus Of Iqg1 Work In Cytokinesis?, Rae Tordilla, Katie Shannon

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

During cytokinesis, the division of the cytoplasm between cells is controlled by the contraction of an actomyosin ring. Iqg1, a crucial regulator of cytokinesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is needed for the assembly and contraction of this ring. Already, it has been found that a domain in the Iqg1 C-terminus is crucial for S. cerevisiae survival. In this study, a regulated Iqg1 allele is introduced to yeast. This will allow researchers to turn off the wild-type allele of the Iqg1 gene under specified conditions, which allows for the study of the effects of the C-terminal Iqg1 deletion. Progress towards making the …

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Molecular Genetics And Phylogeny Of Bigmouth Shiner, Notropis Dorsalis, James Ramette, Patrick Appiah, Shila Koju, Jacqueline Kluba, Heath St, Dennis, Christian Bigler, Robert Hrabik, David D. Duvernell Apr 2024

Molecular Genetics And Phylogeny Of Bigmouth Shiner, Notropis Dorsalis, James Ramette, Patrick Appiah, Shila Koju, Jacqueline Kluba, Heath St, Dennis, Christian Bigler, Robert Hrabik, David D. Duvernell

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

The study of North American freshwater ichthyofauna reveals a diversity shaped by the continent's geologic past and the extensive effects of Pleistocene glaciation on river systems. Ericymba dorsalis (Bigmouth 69 Shiner) is a minnow species with a broad distribution in the Mississippi River basin from Wyoming to New York. Despite exhibiting consistent morphological features across its range, the species' widespread northern distribution suggests the potential existence of multiple, genetically distinct lineages. This research tested the hypothesis that separate drainage systems harbor genetically distinct groups of E. dorsalis. Our results identified five clades, each associated with major drainages. Populations of the …

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Co2 Pricing Pass-Through To Electricity Prices Under Partial Regulations, Love Gami Apr 2024

Co2 Pricing Pass-Through To Electricity Prices Under Partial Regulations, Love Gami

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

With climate change becoming a growing concern, carbon trading has gained attention as a key solution to reducing carbon emissions. However, this raises a concern about whether polluters pass the cost of carbon to electricity prices. This study aims to assess the impact of CO2 pricing on electricity prices in the PJM market where some areas are regulated by carbon trading while others are not. Our findings reveal a significant impact of CO2 prices across all regulated areas, encompassing both real- time and day-ahead markets. Moreover, the impact extends to non-regulated areas, indicating a spillover effect within the PJM market. …

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Test-Optional Policy’S Impact On Statewide Act Scores, D. Steven Stutts Apr 2024

Test-Optional Policy’S Impact On Statewide Act Scores, D. Steven Stutts

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

This study investigates the causal impact of test-optional policies on statewide average ACT scores. A panel dataset comprised of participation rates and average composite ACT scores over an eight-year period for nine states that began the period with 100 percent participation was collected using annual reports released by the ACT corporation and available on the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) website. A generalized difference-in-differences design with staggered treatment periods was implemented, with states using a test-mandatory regime spanning the eight-year period constituting the control group and states that began the period as test-mandatory and switched to test-optional at some …

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Microbial Matrix: Genetic And Chemical Aspects Of Cell-Cell Communication, Amelia Markwell, Sophia Nicolette Militante Apr 2024

Microbial Matrix: Genetic And Chemical Aspects Of Cell-Cell Communication, Amelia Markwell, Sophia Nicolette Militante

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

This research project focuses on looking at different quorum-sensing positive strains in bradyrhizobium japonicum, a species of legume-root bacteria found in soybean plants across the Midwest. Soybean plants are a high-yield crop produced here in the midwest, bringing in more than 8 billion dollars in monetary output for our state, making it Missouri's economic engine. Our objective, is to use different chemical testing methods to distinguish genetic differences between negative strains. This can be done through polymerase chain reaction, gel electrophoresis, and gene editing. Our goal has been to PCR amplify a fine-tuned promoter then clone it into the gene. …

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The Influence Of Sensory Modality On Aesthetic Judgments Of Poetry, Jessica Frame, Kendra Mehl Apr 2024

The Influence Of Sensory Modality On Aesthetic Judgments Of Poetry, Jessica Frame, Kendra Mehl

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

Previous research has shown that vividness of evoked imagery is the strongest contributor to aesthetic pleasure for poetry. However, it is 19 unknown whether modality of the poem has an effect on the relationship between vividness and aesthetic appeal, as past work has only used written poems. In this study we want to evaluate rating of vividness, valence, arousal, and aesthetic appeal based on the modality in which poems are presented (listening only, reading only, or combined). Participants were randomly assigned to one of the three modalities: text-only (N=81 ), audio-only (N=74), or combined audio/text (N=78). Our results showed that …

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Comparing Autobiographical Memories Evoked By Different Sensory Cues For Younger And Older Adults, Akira Durbin Apr 2024

Comparing Autobiographical Memories Evoked By Different Sensory Cues For Younger And Older Adults, Akira Durbin

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

Music has the power to take us back in time. Previous research indicates that music is a potent autobiographical memory cue, and that recall often happens with no effort on the part of the listener. Our research is also informed by the reminiscence bump phenomenon, which describes the tendency of older adults to recall autobiographical memories formed from the ages of 18-35. Informed by this phenomenon, we presented older participants with stimuli that were relevant during their youth. We displayed different stimuli to younger and older adult participants on a desktop computer. The stimuli we presented were popular music clips, …

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The Search For The Akwamu People In The Americas, 1729-1733, Ben Brown, Justin Pope Apr 2024

The Search For The Akwamu People In The Americas, 1729-1733, Ben Brown, Justin Pope

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

This Poster presentation attempts to trace the journey of one nation of Africans into the Americas. In 1729, the Akwamu Empire, in modern day Ghana, West Africa, suffered a terrible collapse. Rival African armies enslaved thousands of Akwamu subjects and sold them to European slavers on the Gold Coast. This nation later led the biggest island wide slave revolt prior to the age of revolution in the Americas. Using primary and secondary resources such as the "Transatlantic Slave Trade Database," we will attempt to identify the European slave ships that purchased enslaved Akwamu people and trace their journey into the …

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Gender And The Billboard Top 40 Charts Between 1958 And 2023, Brileigh Cates, Justin W. Pope Apr 2024

Gender And The Billboard Top 40 Charts Between 1958 And 2023, Brileigh Cates, Justin W. Pope

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

Is there an inherent bias towards male artists in the music industry? Evidence has been shown in previous studies, the most recent being from 2017, that there may be bias towards male artists appearing in Billboard Magazine s Hot 100 list. This study not only updates previous data to include 2017 through 2023, but also looks at the top 40 charts on a week-by-week bias as opposed to the year-end charts that other studies used for their data. We coded each song so as to indicate the gender of the artist(s) as well as whether or not the artists appeared …

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The Aerodynamic Levitator Project, Noah Brown Apr 2024

The Aerodynamic Levitator Project, Noah Brown

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

After the development and successful demonstration of a hyperbaric aerodynamic levitator, work to redesign the nozzle was proposed for increasing levitation height and stability. The goal of this eight-week summer research project was to create a CFD model to aid in the optimization of this nozzle. This was to be accomplished by using ANSYS Fluent to first replicate experimental data found in a research paper to assess its validity. Next, the model was to be modified for use on the levitator project and then used to analyze the current nozzle design. Afterwards, Steps will be taken to make alterations to …

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Supersonic Wind Tunnel Modeling, Noah Cain, Davide Vigano Apr 2024

Supersonic Wind Tunnel Modeling, Noah Cain, Davide Vigano

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

Supersonic wind tunnels are essential for high-speed aerodynamics research, allowing studies ranging from fundamental flow physics to the advancement of supersonic transport. This work presents a physics-based model developed for the Missouri S& T supersonic wind tunnel, a blow-down facility employing a converging-diverging nozzle to achieve high-speed flow. The model accounts for real gas effects, including Joule-Thomson phenomena, as well as predictions of pressure losses and heat transfer. Implemented in Matlab, the model's accuracy was validated through comparison with experimental measurements, demonstrating excellent agreement. This research contributes to the reliable prediction of supersonic wind tunnel performance, thus advancing the understanding …

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Organic Contaminant Effects On The Mac Of Water, Jordan Hartfield Apr 2024

Organic Contaminant Effects On The Mac Of Water, Jordan Hartfield

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

The evaporation or condensation rate of a liquid surface is directly proportional to the mass accommodation coefficient (MAC). Since the MAC is difficult, if not impossible, to experimentally measure, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been employed to study it. Experimental studies have shown that airborne hydrocarbon contaminants from a variety of sources can adsorb on liquid surfaces and significantly alter the surface properties. We have therefore studied the effects of organic surface contaminants, which are immiscible with water, on the MAC using equilibrium and nonequilibrium MD simulations. Our equilibrium MD simulation results show that the MAC decreases linearly with increases …

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Tnt Equivalence: Measuring, Validating, And Appending Binary Energetics To The Literature, Gracie Mae James, Rachel Bauer, Alexander Douglas, Catherine E. Johnson Apr 2024

Tnt Equivalence: Measuring, Validating, And Appending Binary Energetics To The Literature, Gracie Mae James, Rachel Bauer, Alexander Douglas, Catherine E. Johnson

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

TNT equivalency is a standard used to measure and quantify the effects of energetic materials. Using these equivalencies, the safety factors for minimum distances and storage of explosives are determined. Having a known TNT equivalence of energetic materials also helps estimate potential blast damage and risks for individuals. The TNT equivalencies for numerous energetic materials, such as binaries, have no published values, but are regularly used in industry, military, and research testing. To determine TNT equivalence, three tests were performed: 1) a plate dent test for direct dent comparison, 2) air blast tests to measure air overpressure and calculate impulse, …

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Ionizable Lipid Nanoparticles Fabrication For Gene Delivery, Noah Sparks, Lei Xu, Hu Yang Apr 2024

Ionizable Lipid Nanoparticles Fabrication For Gene Delivery, Noah Sparks, Lei Xu, Hu Yang

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

In this project ionizable lipids were analyzed for their efficacy in delivery of mRNA in multiple metastatic lung cancer cells. Different ionizable lipids with their molar ratio in making the LNPs were analyzed in order to enhance the nucleic acid delivery to cytoplasm. Phospholipids also play a role in targeting efficacy of the LNPs to the lung cells. Different combination of ionizable lipids with multiple phospholipids were studied for physical characterization and in-vitro transcription efficiency. Transcription efficiency was then quantified using flow cytometry and optimal particles for transcription were noted.

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Data Driven Enhanced Vsg Control For Microgrids, Sophia A. Strathman, Oroghene Oboreh-Snapps, Jonathan W. Kimball Apr 2024

Data Driven Enhanced Vsg Control For Microgrids, Sophia A. Strathman, Oroghene Oboreh-Snapps, Jonathan W. Kimball

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

This research explores the fusion of deep reinforcement learning and virtual synchronous generator control in a bid to enhance microgrid operations. Microgrids typically consist of multiple inverter-based distributed generators (IBDGs) connected in parallel to mismatched line impedances. This results in unequal reactive power sharing which negatively impacts the performance of IBDGs in microgrids. To achieve enhanced control, a solution utilizing deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is proposed. DRL agents are trained to control variables in each IBDG using a well-designed reward function capable of achieving the following objectives: 1.) ensure output voltage of each IBDG remains within the designated operating boundary …

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Phytoremediation Of Nonpoint Source Pollution, Tylor Cheatham Apr 2024

Phytoremediation Of Nonpoint Source Pollution, Tylor Cheatham

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

Stormwater can bring high concentrations of nutrients into urban ponds resulting in eutrophic conditions and subsequent algal blooms. These 91 blooms can lead to hypoxic water that will ultimately cause fish deaths and loss of recreation. Often, the majority of urban stormwater flows into local ponds through an inlet, which provides a target area for nutrient removal methods. One method being explored by researchers is the use of floating treatment wetlands (FTWs). FTWs are floating mats with plants anchored to them, allowing the roots to be suspended in the water column for nutrient removal. Our previous research focused on optimizing …

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Ta Theoretical Framework For Comparing Rlhf Method, Matthew Dominicis Apr 2024

Ta Theoretical Framework For Comparing Rlhf Method, Matthew Dominicis

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) can be used as a means to align Al agents and Large Language Models (LLM) to better represent human expectations. There is a myriad of RLHF methods that exist, however it is difficult to benchmark and compare such methods in terms of alignment, training cost, data collection cost, and other metrics. This project aims to create a robust classification for different RLHF methods from a theoretical point of view. Additionally, this project will attempt to propose bounds for the degree of influence on LLMs that stems from human feedback. Open source LLMs will be …

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Tnt Equivalence Of Binary Energetics, Gracie Mae James Apr 2024

Tnt Equivalence Of Binary Energetics, Gracie Mae James

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

TNT equivalency is a standard used to measure and quantify the effects of energetic materials. Using these equivalencies, the safety factors for minimum distances and storage of explosives are determined. Having a known TNT equivalence of energetic materials also helps estimate potential blast damage and risks for individuals. The TNT equivalencies for numerous energetic materials, such as binaries, have no published values, but are regularly used in industry, military, and research testing. To determine TNT equivalence, three tests will be performed: 1) a plate dent test, 2) air blast tests to measure air overpressure and calculate impulse, and 3) velocity …

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Co2 Pricing Impact On Partially Regulated Market, Love Gami Apr 2024

Co2 Pricing Impact On Partially Regulated Market, Love Gami

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

With climate change becoming a growing concern, carbon trading has gained attention as a key solution to reducing carbon emissions. However, this raises a concern about whether polluters pass the cost of carbon to electricity prices. This study aims to assess the impact of CO2 pricing on electricity prices in the PJM market where some areas are regulated by carbon trading while others are not. Our findings reveal a significant impact of CO2 prices across all regulated areas, encompassing both real-time and day-ahead markets. Moreover, the impact extends to non-regulated areas, indicating a spillover effect within the PJM market. Interestingly, …

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Silent Bystanders Facing Bias. Is Silence Always Harmful, Sophie Firle Apr 2024

Silent Bystanders Facing Bias. Is Silence Always Harmful, Sophie Firle

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

In STEM, women face bias that lowers their sense of belonging, identity safety, and self-esteem. These biases often occur in daily interactions with male peers in STEM, such as subtly sexist comments that doubt women's competence in STEM. A previous study that we conduction titles "Effects of Ally Confrontation on Target Outcomes" tested whether a subtly sexist comment that was confronted by a male ally would help increase women's sense of belonging, identity safety, and self-esteem relative to when a male bystander remained silent and did not confront the comment. We found that confrontation does help women feel better than …

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Heat's Effect On Asphalt Binders Using Nmr, Kaitlin Miles Apr 2024

Heat's Effect On Asphalt Binders Using Nmr, Kaitlin Miles

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a well-known analytical technique that uses the excitation of nuclear spins for solving chemical structures and conformations. Relaxometry is a special field of NMR spectroscopy where information is gained about interactions of 100 nuclear spins with their molecular surroundings. The deterioration of asphalt is a major infrastructure problem, and its rejuvenation back toward its original virgin state is an important field of research and development. The current asphalt industry relies on visual inspection on site and invasive or destructive physical methods to assess emerging asphalt failures. This study examines the chemical changes environmental factors …

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Amorphous Transparent Oxide P-Type Semiconductors, Joshua Santy Apr 2024

Amorphous Transparent Oxide P-Type Semiconductors, Joshua Santy

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

For decades, n-type transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) have been extensively studied and applied in various energy and optoelectronic devices. However, the search for high-performance p-type TCOs, crucial for transparent p-n junctions and next-generation microelectronics - remains uncertain. The most studied p-type TCOs (e.g ., Cu2O-based delafossite family) exhibit the carrier mobilities (<1 cm2Ns) that are much smaller than those in typical n-type TCOs (10-100 cm2Ns). In contrast to the Cu-based layered materials with a relatively flat Cu d10 valence band (resulting in the hole effective mass of 2.5me), Sn2+ in SnO has s2 electronic configuration giving rise to a significantly more dispersed valence band (the hole effective mass is 0.5me) and, hence, to higher hole mobility. Currently, the practical use of SnO is limited due to (i) stability issues of SnO associated with tin preference for valence 4 (as in SnO2, a well-known n-type TCO); (ii) small band gap ~0.7 eV; and (iii) anisotropic hole effective mass in the crystalline phase. Further search for p-type TCOs should involve amorphous phases of SnO-based multi-cation materials where metal composition helps stabilize Sn2+ and open the band gap, whereas the disordered structure is expected to result in uniform isotropic electronic properties and low scattering due to absence of grain boundaries.

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Thermogravimetric Analysis Of High & Low Alloy Steel, Clark Nguyen Apr 2024

Thermogravimetric Analysis Of High & Low Alloy Steel, Clark Nguyen

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

Oxidation phenomena play a critical role in high temperature metallurgical processing and the performance during life cycle of components made of both high and low alloy steels. Therefore, the development of a precise experimental methodology to quantify oxidation processes is critically important. This report summarizes my experimental study of the oxidation behavior of high and low alloy steel, including kinetics of surface oxide layer formation and spallation. The focus of study was in determining the complex interactions between alloying elements in steel matrix and oxidation environment, composition and surface morphology of formed oxides. This report will also explore how the …

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Enhancing Galaxy Surveys With Machine Learning, Steven Karst Apr 2024

Enhancing Galaxy Surveys With Machine Learning, Steven Karst

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

Applications of machine learning (ML) or artificial intelligence (Al) to problems in astrophysics and cosmology have recently entered a golden era. In response, we have updated two of our recent ML/Al efforts that contribute to galaxy surveys whose main scientific target is to reveal the nature of the Comsic Acceleration or Dark Energy. We first revised our effort to infer cosmological information beyond the survey geometry using Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to take advantage of supercomputing resources on campus. We then updated our methods for galaxy target selection in the Subaru Prime Focus Spectrograph (PFS) survey with modern reinforcement learning …

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Quantifying Asphalt Binder Uv Effects With Relaxometry, Rosalee Brown Apr 2024

Quantifying Asphalt Binder Uv Effects With Relaxometry, Rosalee Brown

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

Asphalt deterioration involves many physical and chemical changes caused by environmental factors such as automotive strain, extreme heat, and UV exposure. Asphalt binder assessment in the industry is currently based on structurally destructive testing methods and tests of physical performance without accounting for chemical structure. An emerging evaluation of asphalt binder uses relaxometry, a field of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, to directly observe how asphalt binder is changed by causes of deterioration such as UV exposure. NMR relaxometry explores nuclear spins' interactions with their environment. This noninvasive method can provide a detailed view into the chemical environment of virgin …

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