Digital Commons Network^™

Nutrient Cycling For Pasture Fertilization Management Of Dairy Farms In The Basque Country (Northern Spain), M Oyanarte, M Rodriguez, G Besga, M Domingo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The implementation of the European Agricultural Policy implies a new orientation for the management of dairy farms and, as a result, of pasture fertilization. It is important to develop a new methodology for the calculation of fertilizer recommendations. In order to do this, a model based on P and K nutrient cycles has been used and a computer program has been developed to calculate these cycles and estimate the following parameters: potential pasture yield, yield at the different cuttings, efficiency of excreta recycling in the pasture and efficiency of grass utilization, all these parameters being necessary for the calculation of …

Nutrient Leaching And Runoff In The Mediterranean Dairy Sheep Farming Systems, C Porqueddu, S Caredda, G Fara

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Three years of research were carried out in Sardinia (Italy) to evaluate the environmental impact on the soil and water from intensification of the dairy sheep farming systems. An extensive rainfed system based on permanent pasture was compared with an intensive irrigated system based on a three year rotation (double cropping/lucerne). Runoff, soil erosion and nutrient losses were negligible. Nutrient losses by leaching had more important results with clear differences between forage crops. In terms of system losses, the differences were less marked.

Nitrogen Cycling In A Ley-Dominated Production System, B Fagerberg

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

N balance in a full-scale experiment with conventional and ecological farming systems at Öjebyn in northern Sweden was calculated with a nutrient flow model. Due to increased milk production there was a yearly increase in both N-input and output. Nfixation was on average twice as large in the ecological system. The farm N balance was increasingly positive in the conventional system and negative in the ecological. The soil N balance was more negative in the ecological system and less positive in the conventional system. Conclusions are: (1) ecological farming is possible without immediate DM yield reductions, but with negative effects …

The Relative Roles Of Livestock, Termites, Wild Animals And Human Beings In Nutrient Recycling In Nigeria, S M. Liya, A A. Agboola

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Primary production of savanna woodland and cropland vegetation in semi-humid tropical Nigeria was 990t/km2 and contained 8.0 t of nitrogen (N) and 1.4 t of phosphorus (P). Of this biomass livestock, termites and humans consumed 4, 29 and 6% respectively; 18% was burnt. Of the N and P stocks, livestock, termites and humans consumed 9 and 5%, 17 and 22%, and 10 and 9% respectively. The liveweights per km2 of livestock, termites and humans were 3.5, 10.0 and 2.3t respectively. Annual grass burning consumed 25% of N and 16% of P. The role of wild animals was negligible. About 2/3 …

Integrated Dairy Waste Management, Water Quality And Crop Utilization System, D R. Ivers, P D. Clayton, R H. Beck, G W. Randall, L J. Greub, M A. Schmitt, W F. Wedin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Livestock-crop farmers have very limited opportunities to efficiently utilize manure in an environmentally safe manner during the cropgrowing season. In this study, dairy manure slurry was surfaceapplied over a two year period on reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), a perennial grass cover (living filter) at one location each in Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. Public and private (University and Cenex/Land O’Lakes) research and development capabilities were coupled to request and receive funding from a nationally-mandated program on water quality (United States Department of Agriculture). The primary objective was to study factors which impinge upon acceptable ground water quality using a …

Nitrogen Cycling In Pasture Grazed By Lactating Dairy Cows, M P. Russelle, L D. Satter, T Dhiman, V R. Kanneganti

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Increasing use of intensive rotational grazing for livestock production in the USA raises questions about the potential for nitrate-N (NO3- N) leaching losses. In grazing experiments with lactating dairy cows at two sites in the Upper Midwest, we monitored milk production, soil NO3-N concentration, and NO3-N leaching. Dietary supplementation increased milk yield, but there was no measurable impact on NO3-N leaching losses. Leaching volumes and NO3-N losses were small on these silt loam soils, even directly under urine patches. The results suggest that NO3-N leaching is not likely to be a problem on fine-textured soils in the Upper Midwest under …

Groundwater Concentrations Of Non-Nitrogen Nutrients Under A Medium Fertility Pasture System, L B. Owens, R W. Van Keuren, W M. Edwards

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The purpose of this multi-year study was to determine concentrations and transport of non-nitrogen nutrients in groundwater under a medium fertility pasture system. Rotationally grazed grass pastures received 56 kg N/ha annually as NH4NO3 for a 5-yr period. A topsoil pH of 6.0 and available P and K levels of 28 and 168 kg/ha, respectively, were maintained. Concentrations of P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, and Cl were measured in water from springs draining each paddock. Nutrient concentrations did not vary greatly on a monthly basis but there some increases during the second 5-yr period when annual N fertilizer rates were …

Monitoring The Movement Of N And S Through The Soil Plant Animal System Under Degraded And Perennial Pastures, Chen Wen, R.D B. Lefroy, G J. Blair, J M. Scott

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

An experiment was carried at Armidale, NSW, Australia, to test the hypothesis that pastures dominated by the perennial grass phalaris (Phalaris aquatica) together with white clover (Trifolium repens) can optimize nutrient cycling and minimize nutrient leakage in comparison with one where the perennial grass has been lost through prior overgrazing (‘degraded’). The concentrations of mineral nitrogen present as ammonium and nitrate indicated limited opportunities for N leaching under either perennial or ‘degraded’ pastures in this environment. The high S content in the 40-60 cm soil layer indicates some movement of S under both ‘degraded’ and perennial …

Can Forages Reduce Nitrate Leaching Losses From Mixed Cropping Rotations In New Zealand?, G S. Francis, K M. Bartley, F J. Tabley

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this two-year experiment was to determine the ability of forages grown as winter cover crops to reduce nitrate leaching losses after temporary leguminous pastures were ploughed. In both years, cover crops reduced cumulative leaching losses compared with bare fallow and were most effective when sown early in the autumn. When large amounts of residues with relatively low N concentrations were incorporated in the soil in the spring, there was extensive net N immobilisation that suppressed the yield of the following wheat test crop. When cover crops were grazed, the N consumed by sheep as herbage was returned …

Use Of Novel Incubation Technique To Measure N2 On 0/N2 Following Surface Or Injected Application Of Slurry, D Scholefield, D Chadwick, J.M B. Hawkins

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Measurements of N2O and N2 efflux were made following surface or injected application of slurry to a wet, fine-textured pasture soil. Intact blocks of the slurry applied soil were incubated in a laboratory system that permitted replacement of the original N2 in soil atmosphere with He, and thus the detection and estimation of N2 arising from denitrification. Following application at a rate equivalent to 112 kg N ha-1, 7.2 and 13.4 kg N ha-1 were lost from surface applied and injected slurry, respectively, during a 40 d period at 15 oC. Peak efflux of N2O occurred after about 20 d …

Nitrogen Leaching From Dairy Pastures In The Northeast United States, W L. Stout, G F. Elwinger, S L. Fales, L D. Muller, R R. Schnabel, W E. Priddy

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

While intensive grazing has the potential to increase dairy farm profitability in the Northeast United States, the uneven recycling of N through feces and urine can increase NO3 - leaching. We measured NO3 - leaching loss from urine and feces beneath N-fertilized orchardgrass using 60 cm diameter by 90 cm deep drainage lysimeters. Mean NO3-N levels in leachate beneath these areas were 3.8, 6.5, 93.5, 110 and 139 mg l-1 for the control, feces, and spring, summer and fall applied urine. Extrapolation of the leaching data over a grazed landscape indicates that a grazing intensity for a 180-day grazing season …

The Effect Of Forages On Soil Structure In New Zealand Mixed Cropping Rotations, G S. Francis, F J. Tabley, K M. Bartley

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this experiment was to determine the rate and extent of changes in soil structural conditions under a range of forage plants and management practices. During the first experimental phase (years 1-6), the rate of soil structural improvement was slow even in the most effective treatment, with the greatest changes apparent in the surface soil (0-10 cm). Plants that produced the greatest aboveground dry matter and root mass were the most effective at improving soil structure, especially when annual tillage was avoided. In the second phase of the experiment (year 7), a spring wheat test crop was grown …

Sustainable And Conventional Grazing Systems For Beef Steers, V G. Allen, J P. Fontenot, W L. Daniels, A M. Zajac, G K. Evanylo, R R. Youngman, J Luna

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A conventional grazing and crop production system and a sustainable system with integrated grazing and crop production were compared in a farm-scale experiment. The objective was to improve sustainability through improved nutrient management and reduced off-farm chemical use while retaining productivity and profitability. Each system involved 48 steers per year and 32 hectares of crop and pasture land in four replications. Daily gains and final weights were higher (P<0.05) for steers in the Sustainable System than the Conventional System but required more supplemental hay feeding. Initially, more forage was harvested from the Sustainable System, but as grazing management improved, more forage was harvested through grazing, and harvested forage became similar between the systems. Pesticide requirements were lower and N fertilizer use was reduced more than 50% for the Sustainable System. The Sustainable System maintained total crop and livestock production potential and was at least as profitable as the Conventional System.

Triticale As Early Winter Forage For Meat Calves On Sandy Acidic Soils, M Bemhaja, D F. Risso

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The use of triticale as a winter forage, improves animal performance. The objective of this study was to characterize a triticale crop during winter months, in relation to liveweight gain and animal production, under different grazing systems on sandy acidic soils. Three treatments were imposed to weaned calves of 110 kg liveweight average. Continuous grazing at a herbage allowance of 4% liveweight in dry matter (C4), rotational at an herbage allowance of 4% dry matter (R4) and rotational grazing at an herbage allowance of 2. 5% liveweight (R2. 5). Individual calf gain was 585 g/day for C4 and R4 and …

Switchgrass Growth At Various Plant Densities, R L. Reed, M A. Sanderson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a C4 perennial indigenous to North and Central America with potential as a bioenergy crop. Our objective was to determine the relationship between plant density, N and water stress in switchgrass. We measured aboveground plant and tiller mass, tiller number, and stage of development during 1993 and 1994. There were responses to all factors studied, but the responses were dependent on year. Nitrogen tended to increase tiller mass and number and increased stage of development in 1994. Water stress reduced tiller mass and maturity at harvest in the seeding year (1993). Managers can exert …

The Nature Of Competition Between Forage Herbs, Perennial Ryegrass, And White Clover Under Organic Farming Conditions, A P. Umrani, D Younie, P R. English

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Chicory and ribwort were sown alone or with perennial ryegrass (PRG), PRG/white clover (WC) or WC at three seed rates (1, 5 and 20 kg/ha) in fields or in the glasshouse in the north-east of Scotland under organic farming conditions during 1995-96. PRG showed strong negative effects on root and shoot development of the herbs, but it increased total herbage production. WC had no marked effect on herb establishment when it was sown without PRG. Density dependent competition in herbs for different seed rates were higher during early establishment when plant count was high. Competition between companion species was higher …

A Study Of Agronomic Factors Affecting The Yield And Quality Of Forage Maize In Ireland, G P. Keane

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objectives of these studies were to examine the effects of sowing date and plastic film on the yield and quality of forage maize (Zea mays L) in a marginal maize growing area. The response, in DM yield terms, to sowing in early April rather than early May differed in 1995 and 1996, but early sowing in all cases improved quality parameters. The use of plastic film, whether perforated or complete cover treatments, gave substantial yield increases in some instances, and always improved quality parameters. Perforated plastic gave highest DM yield increases with late April or early May sowings, …

Utilizing Soil And Plant Analysis For The Prevention Of Cobalt Deficiency In New Zealand, M B. O'Connor, J Waller, J Morton, M F. Hawke

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The addition of trace elements to fertiliser is a well accepted method of overcoming deficiencies in plants and animals in New Zealand. Cobalt sulphate, for instance, is commonly added to fertiliser to prevent Co deficiency in grazing animals. New Zealand farmers annually apply 130 tonnes of cobalt sulphate to permanent pastures at rates up to 350g/ha/annum. Cobalt deficiency is normally diagnosed by the analysis of animal tissues or plant material. Soil Co analyses have traditionally been considered unsatisfactory for diagnostic purposes. Research, however, suggests that the relationship between soil and plant Co for particular soils is sufficiently promising to consider …

Anatomic And Chemical Traits, And In Vitro Digestibility Of Three Tropical Grasses, S Queiroz, Jose Alberto Gomide, Jose Maria

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Single linear correlation was established between in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and contents of chemical entities as well as proportion of different tissues. Top and bottom leaves were sampled from Jaraguagrass, setariagrass and dwarf elephantgrass. Among the chemical entities, lignin showed better correlation with IVDMD. The proportion of sclerenchyma in the samples of stem and leaf lamina from the top layer and the parenchymall cells in the leaf sheath showed highly significant correlations with the IVDMS NDF content correlated positively with percentage of sclerenchyma, lignified vascular tissues and parenchyma bundle sheath, but negatively with percentage mesophyll and epidermis tissues. …

White Clover Saponins And Their Variation With Shading Or Nitrogen Application Level, K Sugawara, S Ogura, Y Yashima

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Saponins are widely present in leguminous plants. Several kinds of saponins which were different from soybean saponins were identified in white clover (Trifolium repens L.). These white clover saponins were varied in quality and quantity by the change of cultural conditions such as shading or nitrogen application. In particularly, the concentration of saponins in white clover showed tendency to increase under high light intensity and low nitrogen conditions.

Genetic Variability Of Ruminal Starch Degradation Of Corn Harvested At Two Silage Maturities, C Philippeau, M Champion, B Michalet-Doreau

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This trial was carried out to determine the influence of genotype and maturity stage on ruminal starch degradation of corn harvested at silage maturity. Two types of corn (Zea mays L.), differing in their endosperm texture, flint or dent, were harvested at 30 and 35 % whole plant DM. The degradation rate in the rumen of grains (oven dried at 40°C and ground through a 3-mm screen) was determined by the in situ technique. Mean ruminal starch degradability was 69 %. With maturity, the content of grain in the whole plant increased and ruminal starch degradability decreased (15 points). Starch …

Estimation Of Organic Matter Digestibility And Me Content In Ruminant Feeds From In Vitro Gas Production, H Steingass, K P. Aiple, W Drochner

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Cumulative gas production from incubation of feedstuffs with rumen liquor or a fresh faecal suspension as inoculum in vitro together with crude nutrient composition can be used to predict organic matter digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feeds with high accuracy. In this study, prediction equations were derived for roughages using 110 samples with known in vivo digestibility. It can be demonstrated, that the accuracy of prediction of the gas production method is better compared with a pepsin-cellulase procedure and that the use of a faecal suspension as inoculum is a useful alternative when fresh rumen liquor is not …

The Importance Of Physical Security Culture In Protecting Soft Targets, Sam T. Hunter

NCITE Envision Conference

Slides for the presentation presented at the ENVISION24 Conference Session 6: Lighting Talks Novel Threat Assessment for Individuals, Organizations, and Their Events.

Hingahan: Collaborative Development Of A Wellness Program For Lasallian Students, Mary Ann J. Salvador, Ethel M. Torres

DLSP Librarians' Conference

ABSTRACT

Purpose: The term Hingahan, derived from Tagalog, encapsulates the concept of a ‘breathing space’—a crucial element in the high-pressure environment of higher education institutions. This study aims to explore the role of such space in supporting the health and well-being of student leaders at De La Salle University – Dasmariñas, who juggle academic responsibilities with governance roles.

Objectives: The objectives of this study are to: (1) Evaluate Lasallian students’ awareness and perceptions on library services and their impact on well-being and (2) Create a Hingahan Program with student leaders in support of the University’s holistic wellness program.

Design, methodology, …

The Effectiveness Of Individual And Group Canine-Assisted Interventions In Improving Mental Health In Higher Education Students, Karen Manville, Mark Coulson, Gemma Reynolds

People and Animals: The International Journal of Research and Practice

The main aim of this study was to identify whether the social environment of canine-assisted intervention (CAI) influenced the beneficial effects on higher education (HE) students’ mental health. A second aim explored whether attachment style predicted the effect of being part of a CAI group. Sixty-seven participants interacted with a canine for two minutes, either individually, as part of a pair, or as a trio. Anxiety, stress, depression, and well-being were measured pre and post intervention, alongside attachment style. The results found no difference in the effectiveness of CAI when taking part individually, in pairs, or in a trio, meaning …

A Comprehensive Analysis Of How Pet Ownership Impacts The Experiences And Well-Being Of Homeless Individuals, Alexandra G. Watson, Nancy A. Dreschel

People and Animals: The International Journal of Research and Practice

This paper conducts a thorough examination of the relationship between pet ownership and homelessness. In a context where homelessness in the United States is a growing concern, we delve into an aspect that has received little attention: how homeless individuals and their pets interact. Through an extensive review of existing research, this paper aims to uncover the demographic characteristics of homeless pet owners and understand the significant effects of this bond. Our findings reveal that homeless individuals with pets come from diverse backgrounds, including various ages, genders, and racial backgrounds. Their pets provide not only companionship but also emotional support, …

Championing The Cause: Public Librarians' Advocacy Perceptions, Strategies, And Impact, Kevin Conrad Tansiongco

DLSP Librarians' Conference

ABSTRACT

Purpose/objectives: Public libraries are essential institutions that support literacy growth, lifelong learning, and societal enrichment. But even with their inherent value, these libraries often face extremely difficult circumstances, such as insufficient funding, inadequate infrastructure, and a lack of public acceptance, even with the protection of Republic Act 7743's legal framework. Library advocacy initiatives, which work to strengthen public libraries in the National Capital Region (NCR) through means like resource endowment, policy influence, stakeholder mobilization, and awareness campaigns, are essential to addressing these issues. This paper takes a stand at this. The purpose of this paper is to explore how …

Academic Libraries As Dream Builders Of Women Entrepreneurs: Insights From Awe Manila, Roana Marie Flores

DLSP Librarians' Conference

ABSTRACT

Purpose/objectives: The primary objective of this research is to evaluate the initial two implementations of the AWE program led by De La Salle University Libraries’ American Corner Manila, with the intention of devising an enhanced approach for its third iteration. In particular, the researcher aims to (1) identify the program’s key strengths and weaknesses as perceived by the participants; and (2) explore potential strategies for enhancing the program's effectiveness based on identified strengths and develop recommendations for the program’s shortcomings.

Design, methodology, approach: The researcher utilized a descriptive mixed methods approach, employing both quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative data …

Competition (Amendment) Bill, 2022, Sudhanshu Kumar And Gautam Shahi Kumar, Gautam Shahi

National Law School Business Law Review

No abstract provided.

Evolving Principles Of Dominant Positition And Predatory Pricing In The Telecommunicatior Sector: Revisiting Bharti Airtel Ltd V. Reliance Industries Ltd., Arti Gupta, Ananya H S

National Law School Business Law Review

No abstract provided.