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A Review Of The Risk Factors And Management Of Refractory Hypertension: The Role Of Carotid Sinus Stimulation And Renal Nerve Denervationhypertension, Resistant, Resistant Hypertension, Hypertension Treatment, Nerve Ablation, Treatment Resistant Hypertension, Carotid Sinus Stimulation, Ifeanyi Nwosu, Oreluwa Oladiran, Marlon Eliu Rivera, Oluwasegun Oladiran, Anthony Nwosu, Chinedu Dim, Chibuike Patrick Enumah Jul 2024

A Review Of The Risk Factors And Management Of Refractory Hypertension: The Role Of Carotid Sinus Stimulation And Renal Nerve Denervationhypertension, Resistant, Resistant Hypertension, Hypertension Treatment, Nerve Ablation, Treatment Resistant Hypertension, Carotid Sinus Stimulation, Ifeanyi Nwosu, Oreluwa Oladiran, Marlon Eliu Rivera, Oluwasegun Oladiran, Anthony Nwosu, Chinedu Dim, Chibuike Patrick Enumah

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

Hypertension (HTN) is a significant health concern, with a recent increase in HTN-related cardiovascular deaths in the United States. Refractory hypertension, a form of treatment-resistant HTN, poses a challenge for physicians and patients due to its association with increased morbidity and mortality.

Risk factors for refractory HTN include African ancestry, female gender, younger age, diabetes mellitus, obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, chronic kidney disease, end-stage renal disease, and smoking. While the exact pathophysiology of refractory HTN is not fully understood, sympathetic overdrive appears to be a significant contributing factor. Arterial stiffness, chronic kidney disease, obstructive sleep apnea, obesity, and diabetes mellitus …


Influence Of Metformin Discontinuation On Readmission Rate In Patients With Acute Heart Failure, Curtis Wong, Erica Junqueira, Nayda Parisio Poldiak, Nancy Crossley, Shantae Jenkins Jul 2024

Influence Of Metformin Discontinuation On Readmission Rate In Patients With Acute Heart Failure, Curtis Wong, Erica Junqueira, Nayda Parisio Poldiak, Nancy Crossley, Shantae Jenkins

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

Background: The consequences of discontinuing metformin in patients with heart failure have not been determined. Knowing that acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure contributes to substantial increases in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), we proposed a retrospective study to examine whether discontinuing metformin in patients hospitalized with heart failure impacts mortality and readmission rates. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients admitted with a diagnosis of acute heart failure to hospitals in the HCA Healthcare System from 2020 to 2022. Included patients had a prior diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, acute heart failure, and were taking metformin prior to admission. …


Radioactive Iodine Treatment Of Graves' Disease: Predictors Of Time Interval Greater Than 90 Days For Treatment Success, Luis E. Joya, Joshua Fogel, Kaushik Mandal, David S. Rosenthal Jul 2024

Radioactive Iodine Treatment Of Graves' Disease: Predictors Of Time Interval Greater Than 90 Days For Treatment Success, Luis E. Joya, Joshua Fogel, Kaushik Mandal, David S. Rosenthal

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

Objective: Radioactive iodine (RAI) is often used for treating Graves’ disease. We study predictors for a time interval greater than 90 days between RAI treatment and success.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of 106 patients with Graves’ disease seen at a public hospital in suburban New York City. Predictor variables were from demographics, prior treatment history, iodine 131 RAI treatment, and thyroid function prior to RAI treatment.

Results: There were 62.3% that had a time interval greater than 90 days between RAI treatment and success. Only the thyroid function prior to RAI treatment variable of free thyroxine (FT4) had …


Waiting For A Liver Transplant In New Mexico; Understanding The State’S Multi-Layered Adversity, Husam Bader, Mahrukh Khan, Joud Maghnam, Rama Maghnam, Anthony Ricca Jul 2024

Waiting For A Liver Transplant In New Mexico; Understanding The State’S Multi-Layered Adversity, Husam Bader, Mahrukh Khan, Joud Maghnam, Rama Maghnam, Anthony Ricca

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

Contrary to the assumption of consistent medical care for patients with specific illnesses in the United States, research reveals vast inconsistencies and inequalities in healthcare delivery, affecting various aspects such as mental illness diagnosis and management, life expectancy differences, overall mortality rates, and healthcare accessibility due to racial, ethnic, and cultural disparities [1-6]. Liver transplantation, particularly studied in the context of the state of New Mexico (NM), highlights the multilayered inherent disadvantages faced by its citizens. Despite these challenges, the new liver transplantation allocation system implemented by the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) in 2020, which focuses on geographic …


Pemetaan Kesiapan Implementasi Pendekatanan Saintifik Di Smp, Mustofa Mustofa Jul 2024

Pemetaan Kesiapan Implementasi Pendekatanan Saintifik Di Smp, Mustofa Mustofa

Jurnal Pendidikan Geografi: Kajian, Teori, dan Praktek dalam Bidang Pendidikan dan Ilmu Geografi

Di tingkat SMP, kurikulum 2013 menekankan pada implementasi pendekatan saintifik dengan mengintegrasikan karakter. Kebijakan Mendikbud dalam melakukan perubahan kurikulum dari KTSP beralih ke Kurikulum 2013 masih menimbulkan pro dan kontra dari banyak kalangan. Pelaksanaan Kurikulum 2013 tersebut menghadapi banyak masalah. Penelitian deskriptif evaluative ini dimaksudkan untuk memetakan permasalahan implementasi Kurikulum 2013 yang selanjutnya dapat dijadikan dasar pengembangan model tindakan perbaikan oleh pihak terkait. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik area purposive sampling, dengan sampel terpilih SMP di Kabupaten Blitar. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan pengisian angket. Analisis data dilakukan melalui proses pemetaan yang meliputi identifikasi, kategorisasi dan eksplanasi. Berdasarkan teknik …


Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Geografi Pada Kompetensi Dasar Memahami Atmosfer Dan Dampaknya Terhadap Kehidupan Di Muka Bumi Kelas X Sma/Ma Semester Ii Dengan Menggunakan Pendekatan Keruangan, Yulian Widya Saputra Jul 2024

Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Geografi Pada Kompetensi Dasar Memahami Atmosfer Dan Dampaknya Terhadap Kehidupan Di Muka Bumi Kelas X Sma/Ma Semester Ii Dengan Menggunakan Pendekatan Keruangan, Yulian Widya Saputra

Jurnal Pendidikan Geografi: Kajian, Teori, dan Praktek dalam Bidang Pendidikan dan Ilmu Geografi

Learning materials geography for class X SMA/MA semester II on basic competence to understand the atmosphere and their impact on life in the face of the earth, in the field there are still many aspects of problems encountered data/facts, concepts, the truth of the representation of an image, generalization, punctuation, readability of the material, the connectedness of formal and material objects, and the use of spatially approach. This research was designed using Dick and Carey model development. This model is modified from the ten steps into five steps. The simplify method or step development model Dick and Carey because this …


Fertilitas Masyarakat Nelayan Di Desa Banjarkemuning Kabupaten Sidoarjo, Singgih Susilo Jul 2024

Fertilitas Masyarakat Nelayan Di Desa Banjarkemuning Kabupaten Sidoarjo, Singgih Susilo

Jurnal Pendidikan Geografi: Kajian, Teori, dan Praktek dalam Bidang Pendidikan dan Ilmu Geografi

Masalah kependudukan masih didominasi oleh jumlah penduduk dan pertumbuhan penduduk. Dua permasalahan kependudukan tersebut disebabkan oleh faktor fertilitas atau jumlah anak yang dimiliki. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah anak lahir hidup yang dimiliki oleh rumah tangga nelayan. Desain penelitian termasuk penelitian diskriptif dengan analisa tabulasi tunggal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fertilitas yang dimiliki oleh rumah tangga nelayan tergolong tinggi. Sebagian besar wanita atau istri nelayan melakukan nikah pertama pada umur 15-19 tahun, dengan tingkat pendidikan wanita sebagian besar SLTA. Pelaksanaan program KB di daerah penelitian tergolong baik, hal ini terbukti hampir seluruh responden menjadi akseptor KB. Pendapatan responden tergolong …


Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Treffinger Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Dan Kreatif Mahasiswa Universitas Kanjuruhan Malang, Yuli Ifana Sari, Dwi Fauzia Putra Jul 2024

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Treffinger Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Dan Kreatif Mahasiswa Universitas Kanjuruhan Malang, Yuli Ifana Sari, Dwi Fauzia Putra

Jurnal Pendidikan Geografi: Kajian, Teori, dan Praktek dalam Bidang Pendidikan dan Ilmu Geografi

Model pembelajaran Treffinger digunakan untuk membelajarkan mahasiswa berpikir kritis dan kreatif melalui teknik divergen, analogi, hingga melalui pemecahan masalah kreatif.Keunggulan utama model ini terletak pada bagaimana model ini memadukan antara proses berpikir konvergen (kritis) dan divergen (kreatif). Adanya perpaduan kedua tipe berpikir tersebut membuat model ini efektif dalam membuat kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kreatif berkembang. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menguji pengaruh model pembelajaran Treffinger terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kreatif mahasiswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semudengan desain Non Equivalent Control Group Design. Subjek penelitian ditentukan berdasarkan kemiripan nilai rata-rata ujian tengah semester mahasiswa dan instrumen pengukurannya menggunakan tes essay. …


Analisis Fungsi Kawasan Budidaya Di Kabupaten Bondowoso, Nevy Farista Aristin Jul 2024

Analisis Fungsi Kawasan Budidaya Di Kabupaten Bondowoso, Nevy Farista Aristin

Jurnal Pendidikan Geografi: Kajian, Teori, dan Praktek dalam Bidang Pendidikan dan Ilmu Geografi

Pertumbuhan wilayah suatu wilayah sangat bergantung pada sektor internal dan ekstrenal. Kebijakan struktur ruang dalam RTRW yang selama ini diterapkan di Kabupaten Bondowoso masih belum mampu untuk mengatasi disparitas wilayah yang terjadi. Atas dasar itu maka perlu adanya analisis fungsi kawasan budidaya di Kabupaten Bondowoso guna mencari keunggulan dari masing-masing wilayah yang ada. Metode yang digunakan adalah survey institusional. Teknik yang digunakan dalam pemilihan lokasi penelitian ini adalah purposive yaitu metode pemilihan lokasi berdasarkan pada tujuan penelitian. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kabupaten Bondowoso dengan unit analisis berdasarkan unit populasi, yaitu seluruh kecamatan yang didominasi oleh kawasan budidaya di Kabupaten Bondowoso. …


Analisis Evaluasi Kesesuaian Lahan Ekowisata Blok Mangrove Bedul Kabupaten Banyuwangi, Bigharta Bekti Susetyo, Sudarno Herlambang, I Komang Astina Jul 2024

Analisis Evaluasi Kesesuaian Lahan Ekowisata Blok Mangrove Bedul Kabupaten Banyuwangi, Bigharta Bekti Susetyo, Sudarno Herlambang, I Komang Astina

Jurnal Pendidikan Geografi: Kajian, Teori, dan Praktek dalam Bidang Pendidikan dan Ilmu Geografi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan kesesuaian lahan Ekowisata Mangrove Bedul di stasiun penelitian A, B dan C serta kesesuaian lahan ekowisata dengan penggunaan lahan di Ekowisata Mangrove Bedul. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode survei lapangan. Penentuan titik stasiun penelitian menggunakan metode purposive dengan metode plot dan transek garis. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dengan scoring. Hasilnya penelitian ini menunjukkan (1) Stasiun penelitian A, B dan C memiliki kesesuaian lahane kowisata yang berbeda. Stasiun A memiliki nilai 17 (sangat sesuai), stasiun B memiliki nilai 20 (sangat sesuai) dan stasiun C memiliki nilai 16 (Cukup sesuai). (2) …


Pengaruh Formasi Geologi Terhadap Potensi Mata Air Di Kota Batu, Didik Taryana Jul 2024

Pengaruh Formasi Geologi Terhadap Potensi Mata Air Di Kota Batu, Didik Taryana

Jurnal Pendidikan Geografi: Kajian, Teori, dan Praktek dalam Bidang Pendidikan dan Ilmu Geografi

Salah satu sumberdaya alam yang sangat potensial untuk dieksplorasi dan meningkatkan pendapatan asli daerah adalah potensi mata air yang digunakan untuk suply air bersih penduduk. Peningkatan kebutuhan air bersih sangat dipengaruhi oleh yaitu karakteristik penduduk, kepadatan penduduk, letak daerah, penggunaan lahan serta keadaan iklim. Faktor yang mempengaruhi potensi air tanah adalah kondisi daerah resapan terutama tata guna lahan yang berpengaruh langsung terhadap begian air hujan yang masuk kedalam tanah sebagai sumber air tanah dan Geologi (formasi batuan) yang bersifat permeable berbeda dibandingkan pada batuan intrusi yang bersifat impermeable serta bentuk lahan dan kemiringan lereng (topografi) juga mempengaruhi potensi air dalam …


Pengembangan Bahan Ajar E-Learning Berbasis Edmodo Pada Materi Litosfer Kelas X Sma, Dedi Sasmito Utomo, Sumarmi Sumarmi, Singgih Susilo Jul 2024

Pengembangan Bahan Ajar E-Learning Berbasis Edmodo Pada Materi Litosfer Kelas X Sma, Dedi Sasmito Utomo, Sumarmi Sumarmi, Singgih Susilo

Jurnal Pendidikan Geografi: Kajian, Teori, dan Praktek dalam Bidang Pendidikan dan Ilmu Geografi

The objective of this research and development is to produce: (1) E learning materials based on the material Edmodo lithosphere grade X, (2) virtual classroom Edmodo, and (3) Edmodo guide books for teachers and students. Data were collected by using a validation sheet and questionnaire. Qualitative data are derived from expert validation of material, language, and learning design, while quantitative data derived from student questionnaires. Results of the research are: (1) E learning instructional materials contained in the web categorized of well, (2) the virtual classroom Edmodo contained at the http://edmodo.com/dedisasmito, and (3) guide book Edmodo entitled "learning Edmodo with …


Review Of Natural Theology: Five Views By James K. Dew Jr. And Ronnie P. Campbell Jr., Dennis Nicholson Jul 2024

Review Of Natural Theology: Five Views By James K. Dew Jr. And Ronnie P. Campbell Jr., Dennis Nicholson

Liberty Theological Review

Abstract


Review Of Gender As Love: A Theological Account Of Human Identity, Embodied Desire, And Our Social Worlds, Joseph A. Dennis Jul 2024

Review Of Gender As Love: A Theological Account Of Human Identity, Embodied Desire, And Our Social Worlds, Joseph A. Dennis

Liberty Theological Review

This review of Gender as Love offers a summary and critical analysis of Dr. Fellipe do Vale’s trailblazing work on gender identity, human love, and the placement of both within God’s economy.


Review Of Studies On The Origin Of Divine And Resurrection Christology, Ron Davis, Benjamin C. F. Shaw Jul 2024

Review Of Studies On The Origin Of Divine And Resurrection Christology, Ron Davis, Benjamin C. F. Shaw

Liberty Theological Review

Review: Studies on the Origin of Divine and Resurrection Christology


Review Of L. Ann Jervis' Paul And Time: Life In The Temporality Of Christ, Caleb Gordon Jul 2024

Review Of L. Ann Jervis' Paul And Time: Life In The Temporality Of Christ, Caleb Gordon

Liberty Theological Review

This review of Paul and Time offers a summary and critique of Dr. Jervis’ thought-provoking contribution to Pauline Studies concerning an alternative temporal approach to the undisputed Paul in place of the Jewish apocalyptic “two age” framework. This scholarly work is a necessary read for serious Pauline scholars and advanced students in New Testament scholarship.


Review Of Leviticus (Zecnt), Chesed Anne Dent Jul 2024

Review Of Leviticus (Zecnt), Chesed Anne Dent

Liberty Theological Review

Sklar, Jay. Leviticus. Vol. 3 of Exegetical Commentary on the Old Testament: A Discourse Analysis of the Hebrew Bible Series, ed. Daniel I. Block. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2023.


Review Of Disabling Leadership: A Practical Theology For The Broken Body Of Christ, Elyse Penton Jul 2024

Review Of Disabling Leadership: A Practical Theology For The Broken Body Of Christ, Elyse Penton

Liberty Theological Review

This is a review of Andrew T. Draper, Jody Michele, and Andrea Mae's book, Disabling Leadership: A Practical Theology for the Broken Body of Christ. This review includes a summary of the contents and engages in a critique of the overall book. This review discusses a practical theology of disability inclusive church leaders and how they can make their congregations into an accessible community.


Review Of On The Resurrection: Evidences Volume 1, Brian G. Chilton Jul 2024

Review Of On The Resurrection: Evidences Volume 1, Brian G. Chilton

Liberty Theological Review

Dr. Brian Chilton reviews the first volume of Dr. Gary Habermas's magnum opus On the Resurrection: Evidences. Chilton summarizes Habermas's work, offering key themes found throughout the book. Then, he analyzes the methodology of the book and confronts the possible objections offered by popular naysayers of the minimal facts approach. Chilton ultimately deduces that the naysayers objections are overblown and that Habermas's approach stands on its own.


Review Of The Meanings Of Discipleship: Being Disciples Then And Now, Cory T. Branham Jul 2024

Review Of The Meanings Of Discipleship: Being Disciples Then And Now, Cory T. Branham

Liberty Theological Review

Discipleship is not, and has never been, one specific thing, at one specific time, or place. Rather, it has a rich, but also often unflattering, history. That history is fool of ups, downs, rights, wrongs, twists, and turns. Discipleship in the Church can be viewed in two parts; The early Church through the Nineteenth Century being Part I (8). The explosion of Discipleship teachings and tactics that began in the Twentieth Century, and continues to the present, being Part II (9). Discipleship informs some believers to engage socially and politically yet encourages many believers to stay away from those circles.


Pinpointing Key Dates In Jesus’ Life: His Birth, The Start Of His Ministry, And His Crucifixion, James A. Moseley Jul 2024

Pinpointing Key Dates In Jesus’ Life: His Birth, The Start Of His Ministry, And His Crucifixion, James A. Moseley

Liberty Theological Review

The abundant chronological details embedded in Scripture, along with external time markers in other ancient histories and in astronomical events, persuasively support the view that Jesus was born in mid-June, 2 BC, not on December 25, 4 BC, and that His ministry endured not for three years, as so often claimed, but for 1,350 days or nearly four years, from His baptism on Sunday, 7 Elul, September 2, AD 29 to His ascension on Friday, 26 Iyar, May 13, AD 33.


Echoes Of Eden In Proverbs: Towards A Biblical Theological Ethic, Armen Oganessian Jul 2024

Echoes Of Eden In Proverbs: Towards A Biblical Theological Ethic, Armen Oganessian

Liberty Theological Review

Abstract:

This study argues for a biblical-theological approach to the ethics of Proverbs. It proposes that the ethical foundation for Proverbs lies in the principles established in Genesis 1-4 The argument unfolds as follows: Tracing the Abrahamic and Davidic covenants, one sees Solomon, the author of Proverbs, as a partial fulfillment of the promised seed in Genesis 3:15. Furthermore, other biblical writers depict Solomon as an Adamic king ruling in an Eden-like context. Consequently, understanding Proverbs' position within redemptive history encourages readers to interpret it through an Edenic framework. In other words, a biblical-theological approach compels readers to interpret Proverbs …


Running Economy Changes Alter Predicted Running Speed And Performance In Collegiate Runners, Oluchi Ibe, Robert Musci, Jenevieve L. Roper Jul 2024

Running Economy Changes Alter Predicted Running Speed And Performance In Collegiate Runners, Oluchi Ibe, Robert Musci, Jenevieve L. Roper

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(1): 965-974, 2024. The goal of the study was to determine the effect of altering running strategy on predicted running performance in distance runners through application of a novel prediction model. Fifteen male (n = 10; Age: 22.2 ± 4.9 years; Height: 177.7 ± 7.4 cm; Mass: 68.6 ± 6.7 kg) and female (n = 5; Age: 21.8 ± 4.1 years; Height: 167.4 ± 7.8 cm; Mass: 59.3 ± 8.1 kg) long distance runners were recruited to participate in the study. Participants’ oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide (VCO2) …


Finding Aid For The Violet Valley Bookstore Collection (Mum00798) Jul 2024

Finding Aid For The Violet Valley Bookstore Collection (Mum00798)

Archives & Special Collections: Finding Aids (alphabetical)

Nestled between BTC Grocery and the Warren Building on Water Valley’s Main Street, the Violet Valley Bookstore makes feminist, queer, and multicultural books available to the Water Valley community, the state of Mississippi, and the South. Established in 2017 by Dr. Jamie Harker, Violet Valley is Mississippi's only queer, feminist, transinclusive bookstore. It carries used books covering an array of topics, along with a of new books featuring feminist and LGBTQ authors, and is a registered 501(c)3 nonprofit.


Rage Against The Machine: Copyright Infringement In Ai-Generated Music, Joseph Will Jul 2024

Rage Against The Machine: Copyright Infringement In Ai-Generated Music, Joseph Will

Journal of Intellectual Property Law

AI-generated music has garnered significant attention, with many raising concerns about the new technology’s potential impact on both the music industry and human creativity. Others, including some musicians, have expressed excitement about AI and its potential for furthering creativity. Much focus has been placed on “deepfakes” of famous musicians, but there is also the issue of the use of copyrighted songs as training inputs for AI music generators. Some have argued that this machine learning process constitutes widespread copyright infringement, though it is not clear how courts will address this novel phenomenon. This Note examines AI-generated music through the lens …


A Patent Pool-Party: Changing The Current Use Of Patent Pools For Treatment Innovation In Public Health Emergencies, Emma Whitmore Jul 2024

A Patent Pool-Party: Changing The Current Use Of Patent Pools For Treatment Innovation In Public Health Emergencies, Emma Whitmore

Journal of Intellectual Property Law

Intellectual property laws have been in tension with the creation of innovation for the public good since their inception. Many intellectual property concepts such as patents create an opportunity for ownership of invention, which in the general market and in typical life circumstances, has the power to aid innovation and work successfully in the market. However, in times of emergency, intellectual property can create a roadblock that costs human life. As highlighted in the current COVID-19 pandemic, intellectual property laws have the power to act as a hinderance to the innovation of lifesaving treatments by not allowing information to be …


Guilty Pleasures: The Copyright And Labor Of Reality Television, Emily Tracy Jul 2024

Guilty Pleasures: The Copyright And Labor Of Reality Television, Emily Tracy

Journal of Intellectual Property Law

The Writers Guild of America’s 2023 strike forced audiences to reckon with Hollywood’s labor issues and the powerhouse unions that seek to solve them. Television networks responded with “strike-proof” fall schedules that highlighted a gap in the entertainment industry’s union membership: reality television. This Note examines and questions that gap, focusing on the labor of reality story producers and the important role it plays in creating a copyrightable product. Although copyright doctrine offers story producers little to no protection against exploitation, copyright case law implicitly recognizes story producers as, essentially, writers. This Note uses that case law to argue that …


Navigating The Trademark Parody Paradigm: Assessing The Impact Of The ‘Bad Spaniels’ Decision On Ip Owners, Creatives, And Self-Parody In The Post-Jack Daniel’S Era, Allison Richards Jul 2024

Navigating The Trademark Parody Paradigm: Assessing The Impact Of The ‘Bad Spaniels’ Decision On Ip Owners, Creatives, And Self-Parody In The Post-Jack Daniel’S Era, Allison Richards

Journal of Intellectual Property Law

This Note explores the blurred lines that now exist at the intersection of safeguarding trademark owners’ rights and protecting the public interest in freedom of expression, with a specific focus on the recent and unprecedented Supreme Court ruling in the ‘Bad Spaniels’ dog chew-toy trademark infringement case. The Supreme Court’s June 2023 decision in Jack Daniel’s v. VIP Products prompts a critical analysis of the once-dominant Rogers v. Grimaldi test, questioning its applicability in determining fair use and parody within the realm of trademark infringement. In examining what lies ahead for the evolving world of trademark law post-‘Bad Spaniels’, this …


Slowing Down Fast Fashion: How Improved Intellectual Property Law Can Protect Designers And Promote Sustainability, Julia Krzeminski Jul 2024

Slowing Down Fast Fashion: How Improved Intellectual Property Law Can Protect Designers And Promote Sustainability, Julia Krzeminski

Journal of Intellectual Property Law

Fast fashion, characterized as clothing made quickly and cheaply, can be seen as a solution for consumers who want to participate in current fashion trends at price points they can afford. While creating a solution for consumers, fast fashion creates even greater problems for both the environment and the designers responsible for creating the clothing everyone wants to wear.

In order to keep up with consumer demand for low-cost, trendy items, many fast fashion retailers look to the work of other designers to determine what to create and sell. In doing so, the line between inspiration and imitation may be …


Commerciality & Originality: Andy Warhol’S Impact On Analyzing Fair Use On Social Media, Bob Anderson Jul 2024

Commerciality & Originality: Andy Warhol’S Impact On Analyzing Fair Use On Social Media, Bob Anderson

Journal of Intellectual Property Law

This Note creates a three-bucket commerciality approach for noncommercial content, advertisements, and monetized content to answer how copyright’s fair use protects social media content. To demonstrate its application, the bucket approach is applied to current discussions surrounding social media including video thumbnails, memes, reaction and commentary videos, music in videos, and news reporting. While there is no definitive answer to fair use, this Note attempts to provide clearer guidance using Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc. v. Goldsmith’s lessons.

With the amount of social media content growing exponentially, copying of original content has become rampant. Though many …