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Twenty-Third Commencement State Normal College, 1896, State Normal College

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1896 State Normal College Commencement Program

2026 Byu Law Review Masthead

BYU Law Review

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Byu Law School Faculty Listing

BYU Law Review

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Byu Law Review Subscription Information

BYU Law Review

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Table Of Contents

BYU Law Review

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Algorithmic Tax Ownership Young Ran (Christine) Kim &, Young Ran (Christine) Kim, Dmitry Erokhin

BYU Law Review

Tax ownership is a crucial concept for determining tax liabilities, compliance, and enforcement. However, neither the courts nor the IRS has provided clear guidance on how to analyze it. Since the Supreme Court first outlined a twenty-six-factor test for determining tax ownership in Frank Lyon Co. v. United States in 1978, this multifactor test has remained largely unchanged, and there has been no further guidance from the courts or the IRS to this day. Even tests with shorter lists of factors only add to the confusion regarding compliance and enforcement, as there is no clarity on which factors are most …

Treatment Sentences, Evelyn Lia Malavé

BYU Law Review

One of the most common mandates of a non-incarceratory sentence is to submit to treatment. Across the criminal legal system, from problem-solving courts to probation, millions of defendants sentenced to non-incarceratory sentences—including people not diagnosed with a substance abuse disorder—are required to attend drug treatment programs. After decades of policies that criminalized drug use, non-incarceratory sentences that match people with treatment may appear to be a step forward—or at least not the most pressing problem.

But criminal law scholarship has not fully reckoned with the harms of treatment sentences, including the harms of mandated treatment itself. Analysis of treatment sentences …

Regulating Deregulation: Why States Should Preempt Mandatory Inclusionary Housing Programs, Anna Bailey

BYU Law Review

Instead of easing the housing crises that exist across the country as intended, mandatory inclusionary housing programs burden development, impeding smaller projects and stunting development that in the aggregate could alleviate housing shortages. In this Note, I argue that states should preempt local governments from imposing burdensome mandatory inclusionary housing programs because they interfere with property rights and are counterproductive in their results. The Nollan-Dolan rough proportionality test requires that land-use conditions must be related to and proportional to the problem created by the land development project. The Supreme Court’s recent holding in Sheetz v. County of El Dorado clarified …

Bleeding Into Human Rights Law: The Need For A Special Procedure On The Right To Menstrual Health, Hunter Tarry

BYU Law Review

Menstruation, a fundamental biological process experienced by nearly half of the global population, remains shrouded in stigma and silence despite its critical role in sustaining human life. Many women and girls face inadequate menstrual health management and education, undermining their ability to experience a full range of human rights. While menstruation has gained increased public visibility in recent years, the United Nations (UN)—the cornerstone of the global human rights system—has been slow to meaningfully integrate this issue into its agenda. The time is now for the UN to formally recognize menstrual health as a human right by advancing global advocacy …

Private Disestablishment, Gaurav Mukherjee

BYU Law Review

Should public funds support religious schools? The Supreme Court’s 4–4 decision in St. Isidore of Seville Catholic Virtual School v. Drummond may have blocked America’s first religious charter school but set no precedent, leaving core constitutional questions unanswered. This Article argues that St. Isidore illustrates “private disestablishment,” where religious institutions claim private status while exercising public power—allowing them to access public benefits without accepting public constraints. Blurring the boundary between private and public allows these entities to secure public benefits like funding and regulatory advantages while avoiding obligations that typically constrain public institutions, such as non-discrimination or religious neutrality.

The …

A Sovereign Peace: Reconceptualizing The Law Of Sovereignty In The Taiwan Strait, Alyssa Resar

International Law Studies

China and Taiwan’s enduring dispute stems from a fundamental disagreement over Taiwan’s sovereignty. Drawing on binary conceptions of sovereignty in international law, the Chinese government argues that there can only be one legitimate Chinese sovereign—and that China is this sovereign. Meanwhile, Taiwan’s current government maintains that the Republic of China (Taiwan’s official title) is itself a sovereign, independent entity. As the two governments cling fiercely to their positions, bilateral diplomacy has ceased, and the risk of catastrophic war has risen.

This article argues that international law nonetheless offers the conceptual tools needed to build peace in the Taiwan Strait by …

Expansion, Diversification, And Delinquency In Indonesian Fintech Lending Platforms, Muhammad Miqdad Robbani, Megat Nagainaka, Mahanani Margani

Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking

This study examines the impact of loan expansion and diversification strategies on credit risk in Indonesia’s fintech lending sector using panel data from 102 registered platforms between 2022 and 2025. Employing fixed-effects regression models, we analyse how loan growth and diversification influence delinquent loans. The findings reveal a non-linear relationship between loan growth and delinquent loans, implying that while moderate expansion reduces risk, excessive growth is associated with increased credit defaults, and diversification is not significant. These findings emphasise the importance of prudent growth and targeted risk management to ensure the sustainability of the fintech lending ecosystem.

The Relationships Between Perceived Quality Of Sexual Educational Experiences From Multiple Sources And Sexual Wellbeing Outcomes In A Sample Of U.S. College Women, Alex Diede

Dissertations and Doctoral Documents, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2023–

Sexual education comes from many sources and is important for sexual wellbeing. Much of the research on relationships between sexual education and sexual wellbeing has examined specific sources (e.g., schools or parents) and outcomes related to sexual risk-reduction, such as contraceptive use (e.g., Lameiras-Fernández et al., 2021; Widman et al., 2016). Less is known about the relationships between sexual education and positive sexual wellbeing outcomes. This study used a sample of college women to examine the relationships between the perceived quality of sexual education before college from four sources (i.e., caregivers, school, peers, self) and sexual wellbeing outcomes, including ego-focused …

A Novel Cryptographic Technique Using Amino Acid Compositions Enhanced By Artificial Intelligence Models, Omar Fitian Rashid, Mohammed Ahmed Subhi, Humam Al-Shahwani, Mohammed Khaleel Hussein

Mesopotamian Journal of Computer Science

Encryption plays a vital role in securing sensitive digital data, and traditional cryptographic systems are usually not immune to high-level attackers. The current approaches often base on the use of traditional mathematical models that become more vulnerable to contemporary cyberattacks. The purpose of the current paper is to suggest a new cryptography method that would combine the properties of amino-acid based encoding with artificial intelligence to improve data security. The technique builds amino acid and binary encoding tables, and performs structured mappings along with using a secure key that is produced by permuting a cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator. Randomized …

Continuing Medical Education As A Workforce Learning System For Artificial Intelligence In Clinical Practice, Tim Murphy, Rob E. Carpenter

Human Resource Development Faculty Publications and Presentations

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly embedded in clinical decision support, documentation, imaging, predictive analytics, and workflow management. However, the educational systems responsible for preparing practicing physicians to use AI have not fully addressed the interpretive, ethical, and organizational demands of AI-supported care. This qualitative case study examined how continuing medical education (CME) shapes physicians’ readiness to integrate AI into clinical practice. Guided by the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and human resource development (HRD), the study analyzed semi-structured interviews with 14 physicians from diverse specialties within a large academic health system. Organizational artifacts, including CME announcements, …

Childcare: What Utahns Need To Know, Brie Sparks, Susan R. Madsen

Marketing and Strategy Faculty Publications

Research shows Utah families struggle to find childcare that is accessible, affordable, and high-quality. Costs are high, yet childcare workers earn far below sustainable wages, creating an imbalance that makes it difficult for providers to stay open and for families to find care. As a result, many parents reduce work hours or leave the workforce, even though most households rely on two incomes. Limited childcare and preschool access also means many children miss critical learning opportunities for kindergarten readiness. Childcare is a critical issue Utahns must address to support family stability, strengthen the workforce, and promote positive outcomes for children …

The Roots Of Sexual Violence In Utah: A Framework For Understanding Harm, Susan R. Madsen

Marketing and Strategy Faculty Publications

Sexual violence in Utah is not an anomaly, a private tragedy, or the result of individual deviance. It is a patterned, predictable outcome of cultural norms, social systems, and power structures that shape how people understand gender, authority, and worth. Despite Utah’s reputation for strong families, close‑knit communities, and deep religious commitment, the state continues to report higher‑than‑national‑average rates of rape, child sexual abuse, and other forms of gender‑based harm. These realities demand a deeper understanding of why violence persists—and what can be done to prevent it.

This white paper synthesizes decades of national and international research, Utah‑specific data, and …

Structure–Optical Property Relationships In Amm′Q3 Chalcogenides, Ayat Tassanov, Huiju Lee, Daniel W. Spainhour, Yi Xia, James M. Hodges

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Ten ACuHfQ₃ (A = Na, K, Rb, Cs; Q = S, Se, Te) chalcogenides were prepared via high-temperature solid-state methods and structurally characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The type-I AMM′Q₃ structures are defined by the arrangement of HfQ₆ octahedra (O) and CuQ₄ tetrahedra (T) in their layers, which adopt either OTOT (Cmcm, Pnma) or OOTT (Pnma, P2₁/m) connectivity. UV–vis absorption and photoluminescence spectra indicate optical band gaps ranging from 1.2 to 1.7 eV and reveal that OTOT and OOTT variants have direct and indirect band gaps, …

Qualitative Evaluation Of The Seated Physical Activity Intervention (Spin) Randomized Controlled Trial For Wheelchair Users With Multiple Sclerosis (Ms): Formative Feedback And Future Directions

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background/objectives: Wheelchair users with multiple sclerosis (MS) often face barriers that restrict participation in physical activity and exercise training. This manuscript reports on participant feedback to guide evaluating and refining a novel exercise training program, Seated Physical activity INtervention (SPIN). SPIN was adapted from the Guidelines for Exercise in MS (GEMS) approach using a three-step community-engaged research framework based on meeting the needs of wheelchair users with MS.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 9 participants who completed the 16-week SPIN intervention. The key SPIN intervention components were the exercise prescription, exercise equipment, and behavioral coaching grounded in Social Cognitive …

Intersection Of Pediatric Hypertension And Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Disease, Jessica O'Keeffe, Christina Kingshill, Jack Tompson, Andrew M. South, Carissa M. Baker-Smith

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to describe the intersection between pediatric hypertension and advancing stages of cardiovascular, kidney metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents.

RECENT FINDINGS: Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent in the pediatric population. The onset of CKM in childhood is influenced by the presence of antenatal risk factors such as maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Advancing stages of CKM in children and adolescents are strongly influenced by food insecurity and social determinants of health that impact the risk for childhood obesity. Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is a key mediator in the relationship between …

Knowledge, Attitudes And Dispensing Practices Regarding Antimicrobial Resistance And Stewardship: A Comparative National Assessment Among Primary Healthcare Pharmacists In Oman, Mohammed Al Ghafari, Meher Rizvi, Hana Al Ghusaini, Zaima Al Rawahi, Wafa Al Balushi, Manal Al Ghafri, Hamed Al-Qanubi, Zuhair Al Salti, Idris Al Jumaa, Muhammed Rafiq

Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal

Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is driven by inappropriate antibiotic use. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and dispensing practices (KAP) regarding AMR and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) among primary healthcare (PHC) pharmacists and assistant pharmacists in Oman. Furthermore, the study sought to compare these parameters across facilities with historically high versus standard antibiotic consumption to identify structural determinants of AMS.

Methods: This national cross-sectional study was conducted among PHC pharmacy staff in February 2025. KAP were assessed via a structured electronic questionnaire. Data were analysed using generalized estimating equation models to identify KAP predictors while accounting for facility-level …

Self-Compassion And Meaningful Work: Examining The Role Of Personal Resources In Veterinary Medicine Student Burnout Through A Jd-R Framework, Swathi Prabhu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

Rates of burnout are known to be markedly high among veterinary professionals but less is known about burnout among U.S. veterinary students. The Job Demands-Resource (JD-R) Theory provides a framework through which veterinary students’ experiences can be investigated in a way that centers supportive organizational and personal resources, instead of focusing on the detrimental aspects of training that have dominated the literature. Using a sample of 469 students enrolled in U.S. colleges of veterinary medicine, the current study examined if two personal resources (self-compassion and work as meaning) mediated the relationship between two sources of support (student peer support and …

The Empathetic-Perverse: A Contemporary Exploration Of The Grotesque In Southern Gothic Literature, Halle Elizabeth Griggs

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

Contemporary scholars and critics alike can agree that much of our understanding of Southern Gothic literature and its relation to the grotesque comes from Flannery O’Connor. O’Connor often portrays a transformation within that of grotesque characters (characters with moral flaws and/or physical disabilities). These transformations, depicted through use of pain, violence, and outlandish behavior, help to bring these grotesque characters closer to God, experiencing a sort of divine grace or redemption. Yet, often these grotesque characters are depicted in a way void of compassion. Despite describing fiction from the middle of the last century, most critics still rely on the …

Transport And Interfacial Dynamics Of Electrochemical Formation Processes In Li-Based Batteries, Penghao Zhang

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Next-generation high-capacity batteries often rely on electrochemical formation processes rather than conventional intercalation alone. Such processes include lithium metal deposition and Li–O2 discharge-product formation, in which new phases form at the electrochemical interface during operation. As a result, the measured response reflects both electrochemical driving forces and the evolving product morphology. This coupling makes it difficult to interpret electrochemical data, microscopic observations, or model results in isolation. This dissertation examines this problem through three main studies and one preliminary extension on Li–O2 batteries and lithium metal deposition, each addressing a different factor that affects how electrochemical product formation is measured, …

Photoluminescent Studies Of Metal-Organic Frameworks For Small Molecule Sensing, Julia T. Dematteo

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are highly tunable nanoporous materials with broad applications in gas separation, drug delivery, light harvesting, and chemical sensing. The incorporation of photoactive components into MOFs enables the development of optical sensors capable of detecting a wide range of analytes. Porphyrins and metalloporphyrins are particularly attractive for such applications due to their high molar absorptivity, strong emission quantum yields, and versatile interactions with chemical species.

In this work, two porphyrinic MOFs, PCN-222 and MOF1(Cd), are investigated. Both frameworks utilize tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) as the organic linker, imparting optical functionality to the materials. Integration of TCPP into the framework induces …

Development And Initial Validation Of The Identifying Behavioral And Emotional Growth Indicators And Needs—Parent Rating (I-Begin-P), Samin Khallaghi

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Multi-informant approaches provide a more comprehensive understanding of behavior patterns and are considered the gold standard for behavioral assessment. However, few screening tools for young children in school settings incorporate parental perspectives, and those that do remain under-researched with respect to their validity and reliability. To address these gaps, the Identifying Behavioral and Emotional Growth Indicators and Needs-Parent Form (I-BEGIN-P) was developed as an extension of the I-BEGIN-T (Teacher) scale for children aged 3 to 5 years. The purpose of this study was to develop and initially validate I-BEGIN-P. First, the content validity of I-BEGIN-P was assessed using expert panel …

Risk-Aware Deep Reinforcement Learning In Portfolio Optimization, Shimin Zhang

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Portfolio optimization is important in investment, with the purpose of maximizing profit whilemanaging risk. The traditional portfolio optimization method, Modern Portfolio Theory, is based on the assumption that returns are normally distributed, which is always violated in practical financial market settings. In addition, traditional approaches to portfolio optimization are mostly designed as static optimizations and fail to account for the nonlinearity and non-stationarity of contemporary financial markets. Recent developments in deep reinforcement learning have attracted considerable attention for treating portfolio optimization as a sequential decision-making process. Traditional portfolio optimization methods usually evaluate risk based on the variance of the returns. …

Reading Echoes Of Homer In Plato: Finding Philosophical Insights By Reading Plato's Dialogues As Poiēsis, Stephen R. Lasse

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Reading Echoes of Homer in Plato: Assessing the legitimacy of the macro-level thesis that approaching Plato from the poetic tradition starting with Homer generates philosophical insights not available when reading his dialogues as the first installments in the Western tradition of philosophy. It begins by identifying equivocal nuances in the dramatic content of Plato’s dialogues that are left unexplored by the current standard approach that attributes a progressive developmentalist approach to Plato’s authorial intent before suggesting an alternative unitarian approach to Plato as an author who maintains an unchanged point of view throughout his corpus of work. It then identifies …

Experiences Of Black Francophone Students Entering The United States For Higher Education, Anu Nifemi Ferguson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

No abstract provided.

From Fly On The Wall To Future Colleagues: Best Practice Recommendations For Medical Student Shadowing Programs, Molly Estes, Danielle Matonis, Mckenna Knych, Brian Barbas, Ronnie Ren, William Dixon, Michael Pasirstein, Xiao C. Zhang, Kaitlin Bowers, Ravi R. Chauhan, Laryssa A. Patti

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Physician shadowing is a common component of early medical education and frequently represents students' first exposure to clinical practice. Despite its prevalence, existing guidance primarily targets learners rather than physicians supervising shadowing experiences. This gap is especially relevant in the emergency department (ED), where high patient acuity, workflow demands, and complex clinical environments create challenges for providing safe and meaningful observational learning. We sought to develop consensus-based best practice recommendations for ED faculty supervising medical student shadowing.

METHODS: We conducted a modified Delphi study using an online survey platform to achieve panelist consensus. Ten emergency medicine educators with a …